Solving Higher-Degree Polynomials by Synthetic Division and the Rational Roots Test

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 26 дек 2024
  • By now we are experts at solving quadratics by a number of different strategies. But what about cubics? And quartics? And quintics? Seems pretty daunting, but believe it or not there is a reliable method to solve these higher degree polynomials as well. It's a little more time-consuming, but it can be done! Check it out.
    Watch the whole Mathematics playlist: bit.ly/ProfDave...
    Classical Physics Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
    Modern Physics Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
    General Chemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
    Organic Chemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
    Biochemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
    Biology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
    EMAIL► ProfessorDaveExplains@gmail.com
    PATREON► / professordaveexplains
    Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
    Amazon: amzn.to/2HtNpVH
    Bookshop: bit.ly/39cKADM
    Barnes and Noble: bit.ly/3pUjmrn
    Book Depository: bit.ly/3aOVDlT

Комментарии • 608

  • @fredsalter1915
    @fredsalter1915 Год назад +80

    Outstanding explanation on how to do synthetic division! Not that hard, really. Just tedious trying all the possible rational roots! Thanks, sir!!

  • @ahmetberatsahin001
    @ahmetberatsahin001 3 года назад +196

    Speaking of the relevancy and the quality of the information, THIS IS THE BEST EVER on the entire RUclips! Cheers, Dave!

  • @parth7472
    @parth7472 3 месяца назад +74

    Anyone from 2nd year engineering 😅

  • @yusufdadkhah7561
    @yusufdadkhah7561 3 года назад +29

    1:28-2:54(Synthetic division/how synthetic Divisor for polynomials work) 4:26(check if using the solution of x^-5 holds true for the whole equation shown on the bottom.) 4:30(their individual solutions) 5:29-6:02(rational roots test/possible solutions of 2x^3+3x^2-3x-2) 6:09 (rationial possible solutions test) 8:03(check my compression of it and practice finding solutions of polynomials.)

    • @girirajvardhan2722
      @girirajvardhan2722 2 года назад +1

      Thanks man

    • @pranavnyavanandi9710
      @pranavnyavanandi9710 2 года назад +2

      But how do you assume that initial root or factor? You just take something between 1 and 9 and try it out? Practically, that may not feasible but at least exam wise...
      Edit: Figured it out. It's the rational roots test. Should have watched more.

  • @nerd6414
    @nerd6414 4 года назад +128

    Heres a quick trick- If all coefficients add to 0, then 1 is a zero

    • @nicolasellis7417
      @nicolasellis7417 4 года назад +26

      we appreciate this chief

    • @aarohansharma4551
      @aarohansharma4551 3 года назад +1

      no way!!! is this real?

    • @nerd6414
      @nerd6414 3 года назад +9

      @@aarohansharma4551 Try it lmao, what do you need? A 56 page thesis?

    • @aarohansharma4551
      @aarohansharma4551 3 года назад +1

      @@nerd6414 😁ok I'll try

    • @ItsMe-ic5oc
      @ItsMe-ic5oc 3 года назад +2

      Holy sh***** wtf YOURE A GENIOUS

  • @user-yr3uj6go8i
    @user-yr3uj6go8i 4 года назад +37

    I just finished Calculus 1 with an A (your videos saved my grade) and I still don't know how to do this. I hope I finally understand it this time.

  • @Canis_Fatalis
    @Canis_Fatalis 2 года назад +29

    I love when I get all answers correct, but there is always that one I forget to simplify. Overall, I'm satisfied.

  • @snekback.
    @snekback. Год назад +6

    On the test i got (x-1)(x-4/3)(x+2/5)(15x+30) so it's interesting how the answers may vary depending on the first zero we find.

  • @martinmoraleta7802
    @martinmoraleta7802 6 лет назад +4

    Wow! This video made a boring and confusing 2 hour lecture into a simple 10 min entertaining video! Thank God for this video.

  • @simonqvistgaard2902
    @simonqvistgaard2902 3 года назад +29

    thank you for making this video, i was working on a equation solver in c++, but had no idea how to make a system for solving huge equations like this, without just guessing. Ive implemented this in my program and it works lige a charm

    • @bananprzydawka7129
      @bananprzydawka7129 3 года назад +3

      Can you show how it works, or send source code?

    • @palaaaurinkoon
      @palaaaurinkoon 2 года назад +5

      ​@@bananprzydawka7129
      I imagine it might go something like this:
      1. def parse_tree("A*(x**3) + B*(x**2) - C(x) + d... == 0") -> return parse_tree (in infix)
      2. def eval_equation(parse_tree, xVal) -> do DFS traversal to evaluate parse tree -> if eval == 0 return true, else false
      3. create a main function:
      --3a. loop through values for coefficient and constants (separately) from 1...(a||d) -> if ((a%i==0) push it into array a if (d%i==0) push into array d
      --3b. write a list comprehension/reducer that takes those two arrays, takes a val from Arr1 (a) and Arr2(b) and combines them (a/b) into new array (C)
      --3c. prepare a result array and loop through (C)...for every x_value of C,
      ----3c1. if eval_equation(parse_tree, x_value) -> push x_value into results
      ----3c2.if eval_equation(parse_tree, -(x_value) -> push x_value into results
      4. return results
      Let me know what you think!

  • @jane7963
    @jane7963 4 года назад +40

    Your explanation alone was very impressive. I like your articulation of words. Great work professor!

  • @georgesadler7830
    @georgesadler7830 3 года назад +15

    Professor Dave, thank you for an excellent analysis of the Synthetic Division and the Rational Roots Test that is used to solve Higher Degree Polynomials.

  • @VijayKarajgikar
    @VijayKarajgikar 3 года назад +2

    You don't need to factor any further from the point of when you got only binomials or trinomials. The maximum degree of your factor is 2 in order for you to not do any synthetic or long division. Then you can, using either completing the square, or quadratic formula to find all your zeros.

  • @abhiche24
    @abhiche24 3 года назад +1

    coolest channel i ever came across the internet

  • @Alexutzugold
    @Alexutzugold 5 лет назад +20

    Really good. That helped me a lot.

  • @Bruhhn
    @Bruhhn 3 года назад +14

    0:53 (x^6 + 1) is not prime polynomial. It could be factorised as
    (x^2 + 1) (x^4 - x^2 +1)

    • @samarthtiwari5532
      @samarthtiwari5532 3 года назад +10

      x^2 +1 and x^4 - x^2 + 1 both only have imaginary factors so they are prime

    • @someone-jl4sj
      @someone-jl4sj Год назад

      @@nimishporwal2658 That is not how you check prime polynomials lmao. x^2+1 is prime polynomial but at x=7 it gives 49+1=50 which is not prime

  • @earthlyf3rn
    @earthlyf3rn 3 года назад +2

    Thank u for helping me learn an entire unit in a single night :)

  • @anirban7493
    @anirban7493 4 месяца назад

    It's a shame, I totally forgot about this method and came here to look for other ways to solve higher-degree polynomials without using graphical methods, when I got stuck in a quantum mechanics problem where I am supposed to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenstates of a given Hamiltonian of a quantum system. Thanks, Professor Dave for this walk down the memory lane.

  • @krishnabhattacharya3539
    @krishnabhattacharya3539 5 лет назад +18

    what if I'm not given the second root i.e (x-3) ... is there any process that can let me skip using Cardan's method ?

  • @Duke_22
    @Duke_22 Месяц назад

    the savior is in time as always big respect

  • @trendmemez6701
    @trendmemez6701 2 года назад +1

    Ty, my brain grew stronger after that.

  • @ikshasenthet37
    @ikshasenthet37 3 года назад +235

    According to Indian Education System this is to be taught in class 9th

    • @bosniangamer5509
      @bosniangamer5509 3 года назад +29

      yeah it sucks, i hope they change the curriculum soon

    • @78anurag
      @78anurag 3 года назад +9

      Same here

    • @memrman8331
      @memrman8331 3 года назад +22

      I’m here in 7th grade

    • @maniyarawat9938
      @maniyarawat9938 3 года назад +22

      @@memrman8331 preparing for jee probably?

    • @aasmamazumdar2750
      @aasmamazumdar2750 3 года назад +12

      @@maniyarawat9938 in india these are the topics of class 6 and 7

  • @jamesmccamish3901
    @jamesmccamish3901 Год назад +2

    Excellent! Now a fan of synthetic division and Prof Dave!

  • @Jhay_07
    @Jhay_07 7 месяцев назад

    I never understood it during highschool days ..and now I completely understood this now

  • @dima_math
    @dima_math 2 года назад +1

    0:53 x^6 + 1 = (x^2 + 1)(x^4 - x^2 + 1)

  • @galaxydeathskrill5607
    @galaxydeathskrill5607 28 дней назад

    you just answered all my questions on polynomials in 10 minutes, and I was looking at my notes for clues for days...THANK YOU SO MUCH! also i was late to my first class that started with them hence why I couldn't understand anything

  • @HeliosBeats
    @HeliosBeats 7 лет назад +16

    this is great as highschool review! I have my first uni calc test tomorrow that might require me knowing this

  • @AlexTheNab
    @AlexTheNab 6 месяцев назад

    been watching the series for some time but it's my first time commenting. really amazing channel with understandable yet detailed explanation of maths. makes you wonder what those teachers out there are doing, taking a year to teach all that and still people don't understand it.

  • @abhishek2002_
    @abhishek2002_ 4 года назад +2

    Thank you very much sir🙏🙏🙏 with love and respect from INDIA

  • @JR-47
    @JR-47 3 месяца назад

    Such high -quality lectures! Thanks

  • @water6683
    @water6683 День назад

    I was confused up until comprehension , i managed to get all right answers in like 15 minutes

  • @supriyodey3811
    @supriyodey3811 5 лет назад +148

    Loved this video now I will top my engineering classes lol😅😅

  • @masthera73
    @masthera73 Год назад

    At a high school level i learnt alot from this Thank you😭🔥🔥🔥🔥

  • @huzaifaali3969
    @huzaifaali3969 2 года назад +1

    (5:21) how are we getting 1,2 a factor when there is only one constant and that is 2. Same for the denominator how are we getting 1,2 when there is just 2x^3.

  • @Jourvence777
    @Jourvence777 Год назад +1

    Great explanation

  • @rishabhkumar1631
    @rishabhkumar1631 6 лет назад +8

    Professor Dave Explain hcf process by synthetic division.

  • @jayavallarasum4369
    @jayavallarasum4369 5 лет назад +2

    Great.... Love from India Sir... Namaste 🙏🙏

  • @HimanshuSharma-pz5gm
    @HimanshuSharma-pz5gm 4 года назад +1

    x^6+1 can indeed be factored . the factors are (x^2+1)(x^4+1-x^2)

  • @SEGAClownboss
    @SEGAClownboss 6 месяцев назад

    This is the one I'm completely stuck on in terms of that test at the end. It's gonna take me way too long to test every single one of the possible solutions, I think. I had to look for the answer this time. But I'm grateful I get the concept at least.

  • @maximizerboy
    @maximizerboy Год назад +1

    3:04
    Multiplying two negative numbers makes a positive. Why are you factorizing two negative numbers when the end result is still a negative number?

  • @axolotl4323
    @axolotl4323 2 года назад +5

    but i got like 40 possible factors for polynomial in checking comprehension. you literally need more than an hour to solve that. or am i doing something wrong?

    • @fei_073
      @fei_073 4 месяца назад

      Perhaps, that's what it means to be a real mathematician (I gave up after 2 attempts)

  • @syko-73
    @syko-73 Год назад +1

    thank uuuuu!!! struggling with this for so long, u explained it so well, like its so easy to understand, u saved my life:))

  • @yadnyeshfirke9483
    @yadnyeshfirke9483 4 года назад +4

    Thank u so much....
    I never knew factorizing 3rd degree and 4th degree polynomials was so easy 😅

  • @ohmygodestovaaserepicopapu383
    @ohmygodestovaaserepicopapu383 2 года назад +2

    8:42 got confused on the 4/3, i tried doing synthetic with 15x - 20 and it the last part equaled to zero, but where will the you put the remaining dropped 15 by the synthethic division?

  • @surajinsha665
    @surajinsha665 6 лет назад +16

    really amazing i am not understand before clearly that concept

  • @cyahrus
    @cyahrus 2 месяца назад

    im in alg 2 your videos have saved me man

  • @errebusaether
    @errebusaether Год назад +3

    Wow, even Basic Calculus isn't as tiring as finding a rational root. There are so many options! 😫

  • @ZenDoggie
    @ZenDoggie 2 месяца назад

    Thank you! I was looking for a good vid to share with my students on synthetic division. Awesome!

  • @akhileshnaik4606
    @akhileshnaik4606 4 года назад +3

    At 7:06 can't we just solve the quadratic equation with our traditional method of finding roots?

  • @ahnafalnafis
    @ahnafalnafis 2 года назад +1

    Man! it was live saving!

  • @red_dulge
    @red_dulge 3 года назад +6

    I know it's gonna be good just watching that intro, lmao.

  • @briandaka3779
    @briandaka3779 3 года назад

    given that x^4+kx^2+4x+2 is a polynomial p(x),when p(X)divide by x+3, the remainder is 8
    find the value of K and the remainder when p(x) is divided by x-2

  • @dakk3
    @dakk3 4 года назад +2

    Am i correct that 8:25 equation has 40 possible solutions? How to know the right one without going through it 40 times?

    • @MrDeni23n
      @MrDeni23n 3 года назад +1

      What I did was used this method until I got a quadratic equation (15x^2 - 14x - 8), then used the quadratic factoring method.

    • @ElinorMerijan
      @ElinorMerijan 2 месяца назад

      Where did find 40 solutions

  • @SeanBietz
    @SeanBietz 10 месяцев назад

    You got me with the opening jingle!

  • @rishukumar8605
    @rishukumar8605 5 лет назад +36

    How can i find out the imaginary roots of a 4th degree..... Equation.

  • @mohit8002
    @mohit8002 2 года назад

    Tip -we can check solution faster by direct putting possible solution in equation.If equation satisfies than we can continue with division method .

  • @ivorscott
    @ivorscott 8 месяцев назад +3

    Rational root test for the comprehension question returns 40 possible solutions.
    5 constant factors x 4 leading coefficient factors x 2 ( for +- options)
    1,2,4,8,16 / 1,3,5,15 = a very long list indeed
    I tapped out and ended up looking at the answers then proving why it works. :)

    • @jeniferleal2004
      @jeniferleal2004 2 месяца назад

      I think you can use just the prime factors, in this case: 1, 2 / 1, 3, 5. maybe I'm wrong, but I did this way and got the correct answer :)

    • @rakuyo8639
      @rakuyo8639 Месяц назад

      ​@@jeniferleal2004 no as the rule says, you need to include all factors, non prime included

  • @kevinalzatefranco5008
    @kevinalzatefranco5008 10 месяцев назад

    Excellent explanation

  • @elostasam
    @elostasam 8 месяцев назад +1

    I don't understand where the 1 comes from when choosing the factors of the constant term for the numerator and the factors for the leading coefficient for the denominator?

  • @23jeninaangelind35
    @23jeninaangelind35 3 года назад

    To test if x-1 as factor, add all coefficients to see if it equals 0 and add alternative

  • @maheshkurtkoti5241
    @maheshkurtkoti5241 5 лет назад +2

    Have my test today

  • @needleinabunchofneedle
    @needleinabunchofneedle Год назад

    Wow, this is so clear sir. Awesome, you just gain a new subscriber.

  • @ibitorucookey-gam7503
    @ibitorucookey-gam7503 6 лет назад +12

    Dude, you are better than #crashcourse .

  • @ankaiahgummadidala1371
    @ankaiahgummadidala1371 3 года назад +1

    Excellent explanation .
    Thank you so very much .

  • @kennethvalbjoern
    @kennethvalbjoern 4 месяца назад

    x^6 + 1 can be factored over the complex numbers, and other fields. You should have told what field you're factoring over.

  • @aditya-vz9kl
    @aditya-vz9kl 4 года назад +1

    Thanks for explanation.

  • @ShlokSengupta
    @ShlokSengupta 7 месяцев назад +1

    dave why cant i just directly plug in the ans that i got from the rational root test ans see which one works

  • @thiruveedulabharathi3619
    @thiruveedulabharathi3619 4 года назад

    He explained me in a very easy way Thanks

  • @lattupalliharishkumar7684
    @lattupalliharishkumar7684 4 года назад

    Very good explanation sir

  • @sunitakumari6062
    @sunitakumari6062 2 года назад +1

    🤩🤩Amazing person sir, you are. This video is very useful for us.

  • @suwilanjisinyangwe2347
    @suwilanjisinyangwe2347 3 года назад

    The explanation was lovely

  • @shahwarmukhtar6780
    @shahwarmukhtar6780 3 года назад

    I have forgotten it ... long ago .. and when need to use couldn't recall.. but ur video help alot ... obliged

  • @georgemissailidis3160
    @georgemissailidis3160 4 года назад

    But x^6+1 can be factored: x^6+1 = (x^2+1)(x^4-x^2+1), through noting that x^6+1 is the sum of two cubes.

  • @cailynnthomas769
    @cailynnthomas769 4 года назад

    THANK YOU PROFESSOR DAVE

  • @ModernEducationYt
    @ModernEducationYt 4 года назад

    I am only 9 th grade and yet i can understand and this is because of ur teaching . Thank you so much

  • @sureshbabupula7151
    @sureshbabupula7151 3 года назад +1

    Superb video

  • @mertcancapkin8198
    @mertcancapkin8198 3 года назад +5

    I just want math2 to be as easy as that in Turkey,unfortunately that is impossible. :( love ur videos btw great work!

  • @navodit1465
    @navodit1465 5 лет назад +1

    Very effective method to solve higher degree polynomials..... ☺☺

  • @lullabymemo8520
    @lullabymemo8520 5 лет назад +4

    That was really good , I like it

  • @drakomercury7130
    @drakomercury7130 2 года назад +1

    I got the same solution but in a different order: (x+1) (x+2) (3x-4) (15x+6). is it still being okey ?

  • @maonomnom
    @maonomnom 6 месяцев назад

    dave you are a godsend

  • @vasanthamalarvijeyashankhe657
    @vasanthamalarvijeyashankhe657 4 года назад +1

    Thank you for helping me in this sum

  • @AbhishekRai-qo2fj
    @AbhishekRai-qo2fj 3 года назад

    Lots of Love from India

  • @sibusisomdluli1605
    @sibusisomdluli1605 2 года назад +4

    Hi Prof. Dave what would be the steps in facorizing 6x^3+25x^2+3x-4 ?

    • @kfjfkeofitorhf9520
      @kfjfkeofitorhf9520 Год назад

      1/3
      6/27+++25/9++6++3/3--4
      2/9++25/9+1--4=
      27/9+1-4=
      3+1--4=
      4-4=0

  • @mathandphysicsbysaifanali6169
    @mathandphysicsbysaifanali6169 3 года назад

    x^6+1 is not prime. It has factors. They are (x^2+1) and(x^4-x^2+1)

  • @shadowflame9099
    @shadowflame9099 2 месяца назад

    4:06 where did x²-5 come from?

  • @Dharmendra1096
    @Dharmendra1096 3 года назад

    another good way to solve higher order eqn is finding if it is reciprocal eqn or not. this gives couple of methods to solve eqn of degree 4,5,6 etc.

  • @rupamsarkar3635
    @rupamsarkar3635 3 года назад

    THANKS A LOT DUDE...U LITERALLY SAVED MY DAY

  • @karthikgoud4900
    @karthikgoud4900 4 года назад

    Best intro video

  • @jonsnow5129
    @jonsnow5129 4 года назад +1

    Now these methodes i didnt know.

  • @atharvapunde646
    @atharvapunde646 3 года назад

    Intro was nice 😁

  • @mindyourbusiness46
    @mindyourbusiness46 7 лет назад +3

    Amazing Video as always

  • @megawar108
    @megawar108 2 года назад

    thanks prof dave its the video i was looking for

  • @syedsameed1307
    @syedsameed1307 5 лет назад +2

    if none of the solution fraction give a solution .... then what to do??
    i am having this problem in this question " X^4+X^3-x^2-3X+2=0 "

    • @ssrijan03
      @ssrijan03 4 года назад

      Same problem brother, my question is x^4+2x^3-x^2-6x-3=0 ,
      And I think this method works only for the equations which have atleast one integral root.

    • @carultch
      @carultch Год назад

      ​@@ssrijan03 This method only works when there is at least one rational root. There do exist formulas to solve cubics and quartics, but they are complicated, and are seldom taught outside a math degree.
      I've used the cubic formula before, and it is not that difficult to make sense of, and it is something that probably should be taught in high school math, even just as a simple introduction without testing students on it.
      The quartic formula by contrast is a lot more challenging to use. You are probably better off using Newton's method to approximate the roots, for any practical application. Or use Wolfram Alpha, which has this formula programmed into it.

  • @cezaragalliu347
    @cezaragalliu347 9 месяцев назад +1

    Ciao prof ho una dommanda: 6:49 wy (x-1) and not (x+1) ?

    • @trhll5635
      @trhll5635 Месяц назад +1

      The reason why it’s (x - 1) and not (x + 1), is because the factors themselves should equal to zero, so if x = +1, then it should be (x - 1), so it becomes (1 - 1) to give 0

    • @cezaragalliu347
      @cezaragalliu347 Месяц назад

      @@trhll5635 Sorry, still not sure in oposite version, and so if x=-1, then it should be (x+1), so it becomes (-1+1) to give 0

    • @trhll5635
      @trhll5635 Месяц назад

      @@cezaragalliu347 Correct, if x = -1, then the factor is indeed (x + 1), because the factors should equate to zero

  • @indhupriyadharshinisakthiv1104
    @indhupriyadharshinisakthiv1104 3 года назад

    I have been searching for how to find the possible roots. This video explain it. Very helpful.

  • @poonamshah8817
    @poonamshah8817 3 года назад +1

    Wow, your teaching is awesome💖🤩 tysm🌠✨

  • @supremeleader9579
    @supremeleader9579 5 лет назад +2

    Is the equation: x^6 + 1 one of the ways we know that there are infinite prime numbers?

  • @Tapleoca
    @Tapleoca Год назад

    what if we don't have a constant term? Say for example, y(4) + y(3) + y(2) = 0

  • @saguftasimran5082
    @saguftasimran5082 4 года назад +2

    Thank you so much .. sir .. for teaching us like this .. ❤️❤️