ONLY 3 Things to Say to The Police!
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- Опубликовано: 27 июл 2023
- In this video, I'm teaching you how to deal with the police when you're involved in a law enforcement investigation.
If you're ever questioned by the police, remember these three simple things: Remain silent, call a lawyer, and know your rights. These tips will help you stay safe and protect your rights, and will help you to ensure a peaceful investigation!
1-307-686-6556
Just Criminal Law owner and lead attorney Christina L. Williams is featured in this video.
Learn about your legal rights in Wyoming and South Dakota and what you can do as a citizen to protect your legal rights.
www.JustCriminalLaw.com
Doesn't matter what u tell cops..they will get mad and escalate the situation as much as possible
I was going to comment much the same. As soon as you say "I don't want to discuss my day" it will lead to detainment, dog searches and arrest for disorderly conduct, obstruction and resisting.
That’s why you don’t speak to them
Right. Cops are punks and violent sociopaths. But you don't have to talk to them.
i've been stopped many times over the years, never pulled any of this nonsense, and never been detained.
@@Educated2Extinction it will happen eventually. Many people have been innocent of anything and still have had their rights violated.
The biggest problem I see in these body cams of traffic stops is when the cop, says "yes, you're being detained." Oftentimes the person begins to argue.
That is JUST what they want you to do because then they can turn that into some kind of resisting or some kind of evidence guilty.
You ask the question if they say, "yes you're being detained."
You say, "excellent. I won't be answering any questions. I will need an attorney before I do."
And then no more words come out of your mouth.
NO MORE WORDS... NONE!!
Think of it as a contest:
,- If he gets you to speak, you lose,!! possibly your freedom. - But if you get HIM to stop TALKING, you have won your freedom!!!
FOR HEAVENS TO BETSY STOP TALKING!!!
STOP ARGUING!!!
STOP TRYING TO PULL YOUR HANDS AWAY!!!!
I'M BEGGING YOU PEOPLE,!!! DON'T LET THE COPS WIN LIKE THAT!!!
I agree completely, adding that if one is pulled over on the side of the road, the LEO that stopped you is investigating you for an infraction or criminal offence.
Why in the hell would anyone assist their investigation? Verbally assert your rights, (This is critical!), then shut up and play the game.
@@Turnkeys42 Right!!! and the only one, the only FREAKING one, who can resolve that conflict is the judge. Arguing with the with the cop does no freaking good WHATSOEVER. It only gets you more charges
Good advice, but from a lot of videos on YT it looks like black folks often have the mega bad judgement to do the opposite. Even so dumb as to try to run away seems to be a black trademark move. DUH!
Great comment!
Right on!
This is what I would say verbatim: "Here's the deal. I don't answer questions without lawyer present and I don't consent to any searches or seizures. _Do you understand that these are my constitutional rights_ ?" The reason to include the last part is to very specifically remind the cop that took an oath to uphold the constitution so there should be no room for qualified immunity if they violate your rights and to very clearly signal that you, a reasonable person, does know your rights. If a reasonable person knows the law and tells a cop that they know the law, and the cop violates their rights, then the qualifed immunity is out of the window because a reasonable person is on tape reminding them of their oath to the constitution.
Just because something is a procedure, it doesn't mean that it's Constitutional.
God bless America. Now that I am a US citizen, routine traffic stops will go a lot different.
@@MinutemanX1 Yes. As a citizen, you have the full protection of the constitution. Please remember this. If you are stopped and chose not to answer questions or consent to a search and the cop orders you out of the vehicle YOU MUST COMPLY. The Supreme Court has ruled that the police do have the legal authority do do so but the only thing they can do legally is pat you down. If they put you in cuffs, don't fight it but that is probably a violation of department policy. File a complaint. If they violate your rights, you can sue.
@@shenmisheshou7002 The constitution also protects non-citizens.
@@Scepticalasfuk Where? What Article? What Amendment?
I got pulled over in a small town between LA and Sedona. AZ.
The officer asked me “Do you know how fast you were going?”
I answered “About 47, 48”.
“That’s right” he said. “Do you know what the speed limit is on this street?”.
“Ummm, 30”.
“That’s right” he said, clearly astonished that I didn’t lie, perseverate, mislead, complain or become angry.
After thinking a moment, he told me to please slow down and walked away.
Lesson learned: if you’ve been speeding, admit it. The officer may be so dumbfounded at hearing an honest answer, he might let you go with a warning.
I believe at 3:53 where the officer says you are not being detained would be the time to say, cool, have a nice day and roll up your window and start to pull away.
Be very careful about driving away with a cop at your car. If they "believe" you were trying to run them over they can kill you and often do. There is no shortage of videos of them doing just that.
Problem is......he has your license and registration
@@davidking4838 Well, okay. lol
Good luck withy that
and immediately get a felony fleeing charge...brilliant.
#1 DON'T TINT YOUR WINDOWS! #2 Have your license, registration, and proof of insurance in arms reach and get it out. Provide it without being asked the less you say the better.. #3 You have the right to remain silent, DO SO!. I would add if asked "do you know why I pulled you over" the answer is NO. And I would be more direct. "I don't answer questions without a attorney" and "I don't consent to any searches or seizures". #4 If asked to exit the vehicle you are required to do so. However, take your keys AND phone. While exiting the vehicle roll up the windows at the console, shut the door, and lock it with the key fob and put your keys in your pocket. Now the cop can't search your vehicle without a invasive seizure of your keys or breaking the window. And he can't interrogate you without a attorney present. You should start recording to document that you are invoking your rights. Don't rely on their body cameras for they are very likely to withhold it from you. Many times it's posting them violating your rights on RUclips that gets them to be accountable. If they keep asking you questions, "I SAID QUIT INTERROGATING ME WITHOUT A ATTORNEY!" #5 They can lie to you so never ask them what your rights are because you are only telling the wolf that you are a ignorant sheep. Anything you say WILL be used against you so shut up and don't snitch on yourself.
Right when you open your mouth he can claim you slurred your words or he smelled alcohol. It’s very bad advice to tell anyone to utter even a single syllable to a cop. Write it down that you invoke the 5th. Over.
You sound like you're trying to project hate and make yourself sound guilty. It's not difficult to avoid answering anything while still being polite. If you project hatred toward him, won't he be more likely to issue you a ticket just to spite you?
*Libertine:* _"They can lie to you so never ask them ..."_
That's good advice. But it's sad that it's necessary. Sadly, we can never trust anything a police officer tells us, ever, because they use lying as a tool of their trade. (Why do juries trust police testimony?)
@@KenJackson_US not speaking is simply a right. Idk where u get all that stuff from. Nor should they feel that way toward you. If they do their job correctly in fact, they cannot hold not speaking against you, as their job is to uphold the constitution. But where I will agree with you is that they will hold it against you and their ego will be fueled to the point of throwing the book at you. Whatever bs fee and charge they can muster. You’re way off base and so are they.
@@bluedoggum8373: OTOH, ever since I visited Villa Gesell, Argentina, I've been convinced that no speed limit enforcement is ever necessary. That beautiful resort town had no traffic signs, no speed limits, and essentially no traffic accidents. Before I went there, I had always assumed that enforcement was a necessary evil. It's not.
But OTOH, if we get stopped, we can help ourselves by stroking an arrogant officer's ego a little. I know it's hard to do, but it's to our own benefit. I'm sure you hate to admit it, but cops are people too.
@KenJackson_US
I used to think that someone would have to be doing something intentionally &/or insanely ignorant or stupid to have any sort of intervention with cops or the so called justice system, however, time and experience has shown that there so many compounded, redundant and even ridiculous laws since the first was ever created, along with human and any other nature of cops, judges, lawyers and their staff that anyone could be harassed &/or be made out as a criminal or otherwise violating some sort of law, code or ordinance.
This can be reduced to TWO things:
"I don't answer questions" and "Am I free to go"
@@sonnypruitt6639 so you were bein' a prick to where the cops put a gun to your face??
This is the best. Fewer words than the others.
And, "I don't consent to searches."
It's an extremely sad state of affairs when the average citizen has to exercise such caution and protect his or her rights against predatory law enforcement officers who have sworn to protect our rights and a condition of employment with a law enforcement agency.
Their a Company. They don't work for us. Our tax dollars no longer pay their salary's.
A citizen is a slave!
Cops have become a necessary evil
The officer is trying to ascertain if you are driving impaired.
The law sets bumpers and procedures.
Most LEO are not out to get you.
And as a citizen, I am glad when someone operating impaired is off the road.
citizen: " i don,t want to talk about my day" Cop "10-54, we have a combatant:"
And recording on a cellphone.. then it's dangerous all of the sudden
A "citizen"?
What is a citizen?
Can you tell me?
I know what men and women are, but what is a citizen?
🤔🧐
This IS a serious question.
🤔🧐
@@petesevern7638 i couldn,t give you a legal definition, it,s just a term i use to differentiate between... um , between,,. um ,... people? and cops.
@@user-gx2yy1df6f , Paul, let me give you a little help, one of the biggest avenues of brainwashing the government has deceived the public into believing - is citizenship.
Please notice that whenever our government (public servants) refer to us, "We the people" they rarely call us men and women. No. Usually it's citizen or resident.
And there's reasons for this.
Government did not create men and women, thus their authority over men and women is v-e-r-y limited.
Government created citizens and residents. And what the government creates it can control and regulate - and rightly so.
By using the term resident and citizen, you're calling people government created entities. Residents AND citizens are govt terms, government subjects.... Creatures of government.
Government didn't make me, my parents made me.
The same applies with the terms driver and passenger, but for different reasons.
Paul, I hope this makes sense.
@@petesevern7638google it?
_"I don't answer questions without my attorney present. I don't consent to any searches of my person or my property."_
You make it sound so smoothly. It never goes that smooth. Never
It might if your a white guy
@@kimthomas781there are thousands of videos showing white people being beaten and abused by cops. But I do agree that blacks are profiled and pulled over unnecessarily.
Yeah it does. Treat the cop like you want to be treated. It goes a long way. It did for me over 40 years.
This is what you should say: “I do not consent to a search on my body and my property including my home or vehicle. “Followed by “I wish to exercise my right to remain silent.” Silence is golden.
So if you keep talking,,,,, that's "fools" gold right!
"I do not wish to discuss my day". Thank you for that. That shuts down a ton of their leading questions.
It certainly does...
It is a diplomatic manner of saying to those nasty people with dangerous loaded guns. The police, piss off,
we are NOT going to play your psychological games..
4:19 _"Then that's when it's time to say I don't want to answer any more questions; should I call my lawyer?"_
*NO.*
It's not "Should I call my lawyer?", it's "I want a lawyer." (Or "my" lawyer, if you prefer.)
Never try to assert your constitutional rights by asking a question. It won't work. The courts won't recognize it. You have to assert your constitutional rights directly and affirmatively. Clearly and unambiguously.
The courts are always trying to negate your constitutional rights, so you have to eliminate any wiggle room by being *clear* and *direct* when asserting them.
What you failed to mention was this advice will more than likely hurt the cop’s feelings and his ego will kick in resulting in retaliation.
So you should just confess so you don’t hurt there feelings lmao😂
You don't have to give them your info, only present it by putting it up against the glass so they can see it. Never agree to a search. Do not agree with what they accuse you of. Also you only have to roll down the window enough to communicate. And always film them.
"You don't have to give them your info, only present it by putting it up against the glass so they can see it."
This varies by state.
Excellent point. Not a lot of people know this. Thanks for the info.
Read James Duane's THE RIGHT TO REMAIN INNOCENT. Try to say nothing aside from "I make no statements to law enforcement without the assistance of an attorney."
Excellent book. I highly recommend it.
The first thing he missed in this scenario was to ask the officer his name and badge number and if his body camera is running. Plus, before the stop, you need to be sure you are recording, for your records, and try to be sure the officer sees the camera running and that hes being recorded.
All my camera(s) are hidden, on person and threw out my automobile, I want them to violate me without them knowing I'm recording = $$$$$$$$$
It's better to NOT let them know you're filming them.
@@since1876 A +
Exaclty cause then the will ask you step out of the car get you out fo camera range and arrest you for somehing like ressiting arrest or whatever, then they will go back to your car and seize that camera or phone and try and delete the evidence if the video did not go to the cloud and off that phone it most likley will be deleted by them. @@since1876
I advise that asking for name and badge number only raises the cops suspicion that legal technicalities will follow. Simply use your dash, etc. camera and record his/her face for later ID purposes, and silently record the name and bedge number. Most likely you will get that info on the inevitable citation, anyway. Do be congenial and DONT argue; or inevitably, the revenue collector will reconstruct the 'report' to your disfavor.
From watching body cam videos, I think this its important to point out: once the cop HAS arrested you, you don't get your lawyer and phone call until you are booked. People seem to be confused on this point (granted, they seem to be drunk drivers) but the police are oddly reluctant to clarify this for them. Also, I had a cop, after giving me a (sketchy) speeding ticket, say "is there anything else illegal in the car?" In a rare savvy moment, I said "there is nothing illegal in this car" (there wasn't). It seems to me if I had simply said "no" he would have had probable cause to search my car.
So why aren't these cops walking into government buildings and investigating someone? definitely reason to believe crime has taken place!
If that was the case, the white house, congress & the senate would all be EMPTY!
@@RKZX2 be fine by me
Jurisdiction!
@@sonnypruitt6639 ain't the only time it's OK to ignore stuff like that is when there is corruption destroying the country? All the citizens would stand with law enforcement if any was willing to enforce the law in the place where its most important but I don't think any cops want to lock up any politicians that are committing crimes, he'll they won't even arrest cops or local politicians doing it.they just wanna pull over regular citizens heading to work and harass them until they find something to destroy them over, see that every day but going after the big time criminals naa
Always Film the Government because they are trained to LIE, LIE, and then LIE! And they can turn off their cameras, sound or ? And not go to Jail for this illegal activity. Wow.
First thing to do is, when you are pulled over. Lock your doors, and only open your window enough to hear the cop and pass paperwork to them.
When it comes to small talk, I take over the conversation to draw the officer off track. After I got pulled over for not using my turn signal, after the officer me how is it going, I told him I was aggravated over completing my tax Federal taxes and brought up some obscure aspect of the tax code and after a couple of minutes he told me to have a good day and to remember to use my turn signal.
I wouldn't do that. He now has it on record that you are in an aggravated and distracted state of mind. They can turn ANYTHING against you. You can't draw them "off tract", they are trained for any answer you give. This not the time to get cute. Say as little as possible. This video is spot on.
I’ve been stopped twice since my ‘97 retirement, once for going over the speed limit a bit & the other for going too slow. Both times I cooperated & was released w/a warning within a few minutes. Experience taught me to be polite, cooperate and things will go okay. If not file a formal complaint w/the officer’s supervisor after the encounter is over and save the arguing for court if you receive a citation.
This video sounds like a lawyer commercial.
That's EXACTLY what it is.
lawyers are criminals too
So?!
This is absolutely the way to handle the situation when you've been stopped, however you have to take into account a cop's EGO, which is ENORMOUS, and they do NOT like people who know their rights and don't want to answer their questions, and they will often escalate or take retaliatory action against you in some way... remember that you have a camera in your pocket, so always hit that record button as soon as you see that you're being pulled over. Cops can and will lie to you in order to get you to incriminate yourself, and believe it or not, they will lie in court and on police reports. Without that video evidence, it's your word against the cop's, and we all know who wins in court in that scenario...
You're gonna get dragged out of your vehicle
@Backwoodspornfilms...... stereotype much. You think all officers have an enormous ego? Sounds like you get into trouble frequently...... could well be the problem.
If a cop tells you that you’re detained ask him “Are you detaining me… or am *I* detaining *you*?
I reently learned from an attorney that officers are allowed to lie and receive considerable training on how to use lies to manipulate the person they are speaking with. Doing so is referred to as good police work. That is why 1, never trust a law enforement officer and 2, an attorney present during questioning is a good idea.
EXACTLY. MOST ARE ASSHO735
That is not always true there are good officers out there ok here it is you work some where if you don't treat a customer right all the time the they should just burn your store to the ground and say that everybody that does that job is a bad person and is a butthole right
Please see my comment, fellow G!
So more training in deceit than knowing the Law.
Officer, is it true that you are trained to use lies to your advantage in an investigation? NO? (liar) Yes? - your response is the same either way - "sir, thats why I will only answer questions with my attorney present as is my constitutional right."
What is your suggestion about this: After asking if I am free to go or being detained and being told I am free to go, it If just say "Goodbye then", roll up my window and drive off?
Next question: Same scenario but cop pulls the "I smell marijuana and alcohol" routine, and my response is "I don't use either of them, maybe you should stop using them and you wouldn't smell them"? Any comments about that?
Cop: "I smell marijuana and alcohol"
Me: "I smell bullshit."
" I smell alcohol/Marijuana." Well I don't know why, because I don't use either of them. What's the date of the last time you had your nose CALIBRATED ?? Because it's obviously malfunctioning. So is your honesty.
If you're free to go..... ✌️...
In most states you're only required to "present" the document required... Nowhere does it ever state that rolling a window down and handing the documents into an officers hand is required by law.
Avoid this trap by placing required documents against the driver window as so it can be seen ..... Hence "presenting".
@anthonycop1 I've had the same thoughts. I believe that the wording in my state is "must have the license with you when operating a motor vehicle, and present it for inspection upon request. Not surrender it to any officer requesting it. Only a judge can order you to surrender it, upon conviction of a serious moving violation.
For an officer to take your license into his possession, is to render you unable to legally drive, as you no longer are able to have it in your possession to present it for inspection. Just another way to hold you, without actually declaring that you are being held. And in my view, assuming the authority of a judge.
I've never "gone there" during a traffic stop, but I've considered the issue. I would verify the exact wording before trying this.
This State requires me to have a valid driver's license in my possession while operating a vehicle, and to present it upon request. Doesn't say anything about on condition of the officer having a reasonable suspicion of me having committed a crime. It's to verify and confirm that you are legally allowed to operate a motor vehicle in my state. So in my view, those individuals refusing to show their license until they are actually arrested, or the officer has stated his intent to charge them, don't have a leg to stand on in my state. But the manner in which it is presented is a completely different matter.
commonwealth vs barr 2021 - odor is NOT probable cause!
I was always told by police officer friends years ago that if the officer says he clocked you on radar you need to ask “when was the radar unit last serviced?” And to also ask “did you check the calibration at the beginning of your shift?”
Yhey are allowed to lie to you. That is for court!
How about this: A) have a functional vehicle B) obey all traffic laws. This will solve most problems with traffic stops, or eliminate stops altogether. Have your license, insurance, and registration handy, and be polite should eliminate problems if you do get stopped. Oh yeah...leave the dope at home, if you’re a drug user. That always helps.
Your advice is accurate. Because to police officers and prosecutors you're just a number but by remaining silent they have a much more difficult case to prove and since prosecutors go after the low hanging fruit first the chances are if the prosecutor concludes your case looks like too much time and work for the reward it will be dismissed. After I was falsely arrested arrested for DUI by two corrupt police officers I learned police have many hidden agendas and financial incentives to arrest people like Asset Forfeiture laws. Always prepare yourself for a police encounter psychologically by remembering under the law everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law and that the burden of proof rests entirely on police. Always keep your registration and insurance documents where you have immediate access. If a police officer starts barking orders at you should respond to each and every order by asking if it is an order or a request, because that will be an extremely important detail later if the case goes to trial. If its a request you should say you decline but if it's an order then you should respond by saying I will comply under duress against my will under the threat of violence if I don't comply. Always refuse consent to conduct any type of search. Police may search anyway but you need to understand ahead of time you're not going to get justice on the streets. The best you can do is to be firm but polite with police while asserting your rights. Never antagonize police because you don't know if you may be dealing with a psychopath cop who carries drugs to plant on people to "teach them a lesson" and beside that you don't want to look like a disrespectful jerk to police which may later prejudice a judge or jury against you because what ultimately matters is what happens in court.
All cops are psychopaths. That job is ideal for them
Only thing a policemen wants is to be able to lay a charge.....They are not there to safeguard your rights. So if they accuse you of speeding, or in Canada you are simply stopped show them your licence, insurance and ownership. If they start asking you any questions simply say I don't answer questions, if they keep on repeat, if they ask a third time simply look at him or her and ask am I being detained if they say no roll up your window and leave if they say yes then ask why, if they come up with some bullshit answer then reiterate I don't answer questions without my lawyer present and then clam up till the either leave or arrest you for whatever trumped up charge they choose. And remember record everything on your phone or dash cam to protect yourself from their abuse.
"I do not consent to a search" is pretty important, too.
In the role playing you made it confusing and prolonging the stop at 4:24 ("SHOULD I call my lawyer?"). It's been my experience asking a LEO such a question ("SHOULD I ...") elicits questions from him/her of "Do you need a lawyer?" or "Why do you need a lawyer?" or "Why? Do you have something to hide?"
I like the wording, "I don't wish to discuss my day," but this is the first lawyer-made video I've watched in which it wasn't emphasized that you must actually use the words, "I am invoking my right to remain silent" to protect yourself in court (if it comes to that).
Christina, you said SHOULD I call my lawyer. Did you mean to say, I SHOULD call my lawyer.
Just got stopped last week for no front plate in a state that mandates them. When he asked why I was driving over the lane line I pointed out I had my own car cams front & rear he quickly dropped the question.
I have wondered about this. Personally, I think I would be hesitant to reveal that I have my own camera for fear that he will then confiscate the memory card as “evidence“, and leave me with nothing. I’m thinking that I would let him ticket me for that and then use that video as evidence in court, because it will still be in my possession. Either way, I’m glad that it worked out for you.
The only problem is when you don't want to answer these unwarranted and intrusive questions the police will often escalate, thinking you are hiding something. Your stop will become longer and you might end up standing on the side of the road for an hour while they search your car and rifle through your personal effects, not because they have actual cause or suspicion of a crime, but to satisfy their ego and put you through a little trouble for not kissing their ass. It's happened to me, and there's nothing I could do because I can't afford a lawyer and could never take all the time and effort to go through the legal process just to give the offending cop a paid day off.
So true. Which is why the system is broken. If cops can lie, if they can pretend not to be aware they are violating your rights, if they can use your rudeness or over politeness to raise suspicion how are we suppose to call them for help? Isn't weird that they swear an oath to uphold the Constitution but when they encounter you they immediately try to trick you out of your constitutionally protected rights?
The reason they are asking questions is because they are always suspicious. It doesn't matter how much the police might think you are hiding something - the most important thing is to know your rights, to exercise your rights, and to defend your rights. That is the way that you can de-escalate the situation. If you waive your rights, the police can escalate the situation very quickly themselves, and you may end up paying for your mistake.
If they search without a warrant, or consent, you already have a violation of your civil rights and can sue.
You have a right to remain silent idiot. Say I don't answer questions over and over.
They can only detain you for an amount of time required to complete the stop on the traffic violation, so holding someone longer is unconstitutional.
@ just criminal law do you have phone numbers for lawyers outside the two states listed in the description?
Thank you for this reasonable & polite advice.
The first thing I do when stopped by the police is to roll down both front windows and maintain both my hands on the steering wheel, at night, I turn on all interior lights. When the officer approaches and starts with the usual, I change the subject with 'Yes Sir, I'll happily give you those documents, but first you need to know that I have a Concealed Weapon Permit and am/am not armed today, What would you like me to do?' You have just done a number of things; established your respect for the officer and his/her safety, stated without saying it 'I'm one of the good guys or else I wouldn't have the CWP', and shown a co-operative attitude. In thirty years of carrying a permit and handgun, I have been stopped by the police a handful of times and this approach has always resulted in a friendly warning or a minimal citation. One exception, a rural Nevada Deputy Sheriff was pretty clear he didn't give a damn about my permit or firearm, he was just writing a speeding ticket and it was obviously just a business transaction, oh well, can't win 'em all. Why tell the officer if there is NOT a firearm in the auto? He may well already know that you have a CWP from his computer check of your license plate, but this again establishes everything above. In over fifty years of driving I have NEVER had an officer start down the road of questioning me or ask for information that might give him probable cause to search my vehicle. When you start with the 'I don't answer questions' routine, you are starting to flirt with 'sovereign citizen' bullshit and the officer's antenna is going to twitch. IF asked for permission to search my car, I would simply say 'Sir, I do not waive any of my rights, but you do your duty . But I'm telling you right now, other than the handgun we already spoke about and dealt with, there is nothing in my car of interest to you.' If it went beyond this, then I would go silent other than asking for a lawyer.
I hate that phrase: "Do you know why I stopped you?" Just tell the driver who you are your Department and why you stopped them. The citizen will feel you are setting them up. I never let any of my trainees say this. Another great video.
I can’t stand that phrase either! It’s like scolding a child, I will say the police here in my area do not start the conversation this way, which I appreciate.
There's a reason they ask you. Confession is powerful.
@MikeMiasuki-vy3xx
The phrase that really lights me up is, "If you have nothing to hide, you shouldn't mind me searching."
*Everyone* has something to hide. Doesn't mean what one is hiding is criminal, it can merely be private.
How many people, LEOs or not, would allow a complete stranger to examine the contents of their wallet or purse? Or copy the contents of their phone and upload those contents? The idea is as absurd as the presumptive question.
Something I heard somewhere else which I like is the response “It’s not that I have something to hide, but that I have something which I value, my right to privacy.”
Or another, that I heard, this one, I think, was said by Snowden, “People who give up their right to privacy, because they have nothing to hide, are like people giving up their right to free speech, because they have nothing to say.”
I live in CO and I often drive into WY and I tend to drive fast. It has been my experience that the majority of cops are looking for 3 things from you.
1. Be polite and respectful. It ain't the cops fault that you're speeding. He/she is just doing their job and all they want is to go home at the end of shift whole and intact. Your advice comes across as adversarial from the beginning. I realize that cops often ask , where you're going, and where are you coming from to determine if you're lying to them, but if you're honest I don't see the issue. I tell them I'm going canoeing on the N Platte up near Saratoga, driving up from Aurora, or what ever. I'm not smuggling anything and not doing anything illegal so I don't see a problem. If they ask to search, I'll insist on a warrant but I've never had a cop ask to search my truck...ever. I was pulled over once heading S out of Torrington during a winter storm and a Trooper passed me, turned around and pulled me over. The first thing he did was ask where I was going. I told him I was headed to Aurora CO. He just said, "watch your speed as you enter Hawk Springs, there's a bad patch of black ice there. Dive safe and have a nice night." Had I told him that I didn't want to talk, he'd probably have walked back to his car mumbling SUCKS TO BE YOU.
2. If you know you're speeding, admit it. It's just a speeding ticket. Cops are lied to all the time and often, when they are faced with honesty they are happy and impressed and much more likely to cut you some slack.
3. Tell them you'll try to be more aware of your speed as you continue the trip. It's not a lie as I'm only promising to "TRY to be more aware."
I've been pulled over for speeding more than a dozen times between CO and WY in the past 5 years and following these 3 steps, I've only had one ticket to pay, the rest were verbal warnings and some of those were from cops who started out pissed off at me.
So as a former police officer for 14 years myself....There is a whole other side to this equation you clearly either don't understand, or are completely clueless about. Let me first say there are a great deal of good cops out there that truly are just doing what's right day in, day out. I worked with some really solid people in my career. With that said though, there are some really bad apples too. And the bad ones' go around acting as a hammer and every human in sight is a nail. To some, it is their personal goal to jamb someone up some way or another for anything they can. It becomes personal to them which is mighty dangerous.
Keeping this in mind, this video isn't intended to make you dishonest, or come across as "adversarial". It's just simply to protect you as a citizen with rights that you were born with from getting caught up in crap, especially when it's one of the bad apples I described. It's no cop's business as to where you're going or where you're coming from. That is irrelevant to your car driving faster than a posted speed limit sign. The small talk like that is used as a possible entry way into getting you jammed up into something. The more you talk, the deeper you go. So it's always best to just keep it to what's actually required (driver's license, registration, proof of insurance) and nothing more. Provide these items...let whatever the outcome be what it is..and just remain silent beyond that. Your rights are made to protect you.
correct! be nice answer a few general questions. Never agree to a search w/o warrent. Let them know you would like to be on your way. Always ask am I free to go! Always record, Always record, Always record,
So some people seem to think we should be "good little order following subjects" and answer almost any question asked?! INCORRECT!
The instant you are pulled over, the encounter is already adversarial. There is NO need to be polite or accommodating towards someone trying to take money out of your pocket! Be Professional. Be Brief. Be Aware of Your Rights!
To add another little perspective... I'm a retired cop (Utah) and most cops around the US will have a tendency to say something like "what are you trying to hide? you know only guilty people want to talk with an attorney" - so if you can give any advice on how to respond to this - it might be helpful... I've tried to tell people that a good response could be "my attorney helps protect me from my rights being violated (or something like that) - any thoughts?
An old black and white British whodunit movie had an aristocrat being threatened because he wouldn't allow even his doctor to examine him for a bullet wound. If wounded, he was innocent. If no wound then he was guilty. London bookies were taking bets both ways. Eventually the guilty person was found and he was asked why he did it if he was innocent. His answer was that it was the principle that mattered.
I am not a lawyer, and I'm not law enforcement, and have never been or plan to be either.
But my educated answer would be, "Officer, with respect, I am exercising my right to remain silent. If I'm not being detained or arrested, I'd like to leave, please."
If it's at the point where the need for a lawyer has been invoked somehow, I guess it becomes "Officer, with respect, I am exercising my right to remain silent and to refuse to answer your questions." No need to continue saying the word 'lawyer'.
Then of course, you have to remain silent, other than saying this. :)
Cop: "You know only guilty people want to talk with an attorney."
Me: "You know only a fool would want to talk to you without one."
Someone else was guilty.
Never trust a COP because they're lying to you...
I'm a looong way from Wyoming so could you please answer me 1 question ,when the officer tells you your not being detained can you just drive away even if he's still trying to ask you more questions? The info. you supplied was very helpful thanks again.
Always record, Always record, Always record, it SAVED my ass!
Cop walks up to your door and demands you exit the vehicle for “officer safety “…! Lol opens your door for you.
From a defense position, this is proper advice.
However on a practical basis, a less confrontational approach can have benefits.
Of course, it helps if you have no contraband or you are under the influence.
Been stopped only few times and each time I ask “is there a problem officer” (when I know I was speeding a little) and answered a few mundane questions politely and never got a ticket but a warning…..hmmmm🤷♂️….maybe than being argumentative to a degree just abide by questions and see what happens…probably all good.
My understanding of Miranda Warnings is that ANYTHING AND EVERYTHING I SAY/DO IS GONNA BE USED AGAINST ME....Immediately INVOKE THE RIGHT NOT TO INCRIMINATE YOURSELF!!!
Glad I live where I do. All our Deputies and police are very cool and professional.
I was a cop.
If you're stopped be polite answer truthfully.
K keep your hands visible stay in your vehicle unless asked or told to get out.
Don't argue, that's for court.
And don't volunteer info not asked for
If you're innocent it will come out in court.
If your guilty, maybe you'll learn something in jail.
Ma'am, is your contact information good for anywhere in the USA (50 States)? Thank you for your time!
Great question, hope it gets answered.
Just Criminal Law ??
Never say, SHOULD I call a lawyer, say I WANT A LAWYER!!!
I’m not usually in the habit of attracting the attention of law enforcement. The last time I was pulled over was for not having the registration sticker on my license plate, though it was registered. I think I disarmed him a little when I didn’t respond in a way a normal person would. As he came to my vehicle, it went something like this:
“How’re you doin’ today?”
“Hello.”
… “I pulled you over because (something about the registration)”
My approach is to be cooperative, friendly- I've gotten off with a warning to be more careful.
It's not just asking to search the vehicle that is a violation of the 4th amendment, asking for documents from you, such as driver's license or proof of insurance, are also violations of the 4th amendment, and the 5th amendment since they could be used against you in court. Therefore, you're within your rIghts to refuse to give anything to the officer without a warrant, in addition to not answering any questions without counsel present. Asking the officer if he has any probable cause that a crime has been committed would be good to get on record if you think this is actually going to court later or if you need to sue the officer for violating your rights.
4. Record the encounter. It is your right.
What if after you have handed over your license, registration, and proof of insurance, the cop starts asking irrelevant probing questions can you respond with: I invoke my right to remain silent and I do not consent to any searches or seizures.
You can, and you should.
Additionally, ask if you're free to leave. A traffic stop starts a clock. They won't tell you about it, but it's running. They may only hold you roadside for as much time as "is reasonable" to conduct the investigation for the stop. Engaging in idle banter does nothing but extend the clock, and expose you to additional liability.
If they've written you a citation and handed it (and your papers) back, the stop, and their authority for that stop, ends. You don't have to sit and listen to their 'copsplaining', or the drug dog. Roll it up and leave.
What happens if the officer denies your suggestion to contact your attorney ("Do not call anyone, put your phone down!"), won't let you go and still asks questions implying he or she will take you to the station for questioning if you don't answer them here.
Expect to be abused and have your civil rights egregiously violated. Consider yourself lucky to survive the forced encounter.
That’s why you always record the piggies.
Cops CAN'T make you put the phone down as it's your right as affirmed by the US Supreme Court we have the right to record cops. Let them abuse you as you say, it'll just add more $$ to the lawsuit.
“I don’t want to discuss my day.”
“Why are you being so difficult? That’s kind of suspicious. I’m just asking questions. Seems like you’re trying to hide something.”
@@justthinkin5956 the arrogant f ers already made up their mind before they stopped you I promise
"Where are you coming from?" - "Your mother's house. I left from the backdoor".
That’s funny but generally not advice I would try without making sure my life insurance was up to date first
I'm in Pursuit of Life, Liberty and Happiness. And wish my civil and Constitutional rights be respected.
If you're being "detained," the cop is hoping to get you to say or do something to incriminate yourself, justifying probable cause for arrest. If they try and arrest you and you're not actually resisting, the cops may also say, "Stop resisting." This is a tactic used to justify use-of-force.
I've watched tons of videos. They almost always start yelling " Stop resisting "
Once ask if you're being detained or free to go when they say you're not being detained then say, ok be safe and drive off. Don't give them time to ask more questions.
The problem with these scenarios is that the cop will rarely give a straight answer. Ask a cop if you are being detained and he will give a vague non-answer like 'I was just wondering where you are going." "I was just asking a question." "I'd just like to see your license." Etc. That way he can tell a judge he never said you were detained. He will leave himself plenty of weasel room for deniability. If you stay, he will continue to screw with you. If you leave, he will arrest you for fleeing. There are thousands of videos on RUclips showing cops not answering questions. And I have 50 years of experience in the military and corporate world where sociopaths do the exact same thing.
Always record your interactions. If they're vague or ignore the question, repeat the question, recording their non-reply.
Also, this "temporary detainment" is legal bullshit. As soon as those lights roll, and you pull over, you *are* arrested. They will try to sugarcoat it as detainment, call it temporary. It is a defacto arrest.
US v. Mendenhall, a person is seized, within the meaning of the 4th amendment, when an individual is physically restrained, or detained by show of authority, and considering the totality of the circumstances, a reasonable person would conclude they are not free to go.
A seizure, under the 4th amendment is an arrest.
“Do you have any weapons of any kind in your car?”
“Why, what do you need?”
Great Advise, Thank You. 🇺🇸
Because of the pretzel logic that comes from SCOTUS and other courts, don't forget about "I invoke all of my rights under the US Constitution, including the right to remain silent." (Because we all know that a right isn't a right unless it's invoked.) This will just about guarantee that you'll be cited instead of being given a warning.
And, don't forget the oldie, but goodie, "Are you attempting to extend this traffic stop?"
If you’re being stopped ask politely what am I being stopped for. And typically they will tell you before you ask that question. Be polite and do what they want. Pretty simple.
In NJ if you did any of this before you know it there would be a half-dozen police cars surrounding you.
I got pulled over in my home town. The officer asked me "Do you know why I pulled you over?" I replied "If you already have forgotten I'm not going to remind you!" 🙄
Loved this. Thank you.
What about insulting his mothers footwear?
can you call anytime from any state?
Do you have to roll your window all the way down or can you leave it cracked
If you ask to call a lawyer after they have stated you are not being detained. Does that give them the claim of suspicion?
It doesn't matter if they are suspicious or not. Suspicion is not reasonable grounds to detain or arrest someone.
@ ifeelallright :
1. If the police have stated that you are not being detained, then just leave.
2. If you *_are_* being detained and questioned (but not yet under arrest), just invoke your 5th amendment rights and don't answer any questions.
3. If you have been *arrested* and are being questioned, invoke your fifth amendment rights and also ask for a lawyer. This will stop the questioning.
As for number 2 and 3, it is reasonable to think that the cops might think you're guilty if you invoke your right to remain silent and your right to an attorney. *But it doesn't matter if the cops think you're guilty.* The cops think _everybody_ is guilty.
What matters is what the *jury* thinks. And they will only know what is being testified to in court under the rules of evidentiary procedure. They will not know that you invoked your 5th amendment right to remain silent or your 6th amendment right to an attorney, because the police cannot testify about that. (Invoking your constitutional rights is not evidence of guilt.)
So if you are ever being questioned by the police, whether you're being detained or not, be sure to assert your constitutional rights -- even if you're innocent. Sometimes what seems like a harmless, innocent comment can be taken out of context and/or twisted around and used against you in ways you cannot possibly predict. The only way you can protect yourself is by asserting your constitutional rights and *_not_* answering their questions. As long as you make it clear that you are invoking your constitutional rights, your silence cannot be used against you in court.
In some states, if you don’t use the words “I invoke my right…” you have not done so.
“I would like to call my lawyer” does not invoke that right. The cop could reply “well, I’d like to enjoy a donut but here we are!”
Thank you for the advice.
Is this offer and phone number for an attorney good for any state? Say Indiana or Kentucky?
When I get pulled over, its because I am speeding. I can usually get out of it. I usually start with “Hello officer” while holding the mask I keep on my steering wheel over my mouth. Then I say. “Excuse me, for your safety, You might want to put on a mask. I would feel bad if I made you sick.” Everything is about making the officer feel that I am concerned about him instead of answering his questions. If I get a girl cop. Forget it, I am getting the ticket.
My license is in my wallet, and insurance and Reg are attached to the Sun Visor in front of me, so I don't have to lean over to the glove box. I ask permission to get my wallet out. Always record, SCOTUS says you have a constitutional right to do so. And yes the camera can be hidden.
"Legal Storytelling Specialist?" That's pretty funny..
Great wisdom you have, thanks for the information, about time for straight up information, like fresh air for the mind
Why the police ask, and why you should never answer the question, "Where are you coming from?/Where are you headed?
The reason they ask is they is, if there was a crime committed at the location you just left, or if a crime is committed at the location you are headed to, this could link you to that crime. You (or even the police) may not even know a crime took place where you are coming from at the time of the traffic stop.
Lets say 30 seconds after you leave 7-11 someone walks into the store and shoots the clerk. On your way home you get pulled over and you tell the cop you just came from 7-11.
It may be at the time he's pulling you over he doesn't even know there was a murder at 7-11. The cop finishes the traffic stop and you drive off. Later the body of the clerk is discovered and that cop is dispatched to the 7-11.
Guess who that cop is going to think of first? You could easily find yourself charged with murder.
This is way too complicated. The only answer you should ever give a cop to any question they ever ask is “I don’t answer questions.”
Period.
Almost every single thing a cop asks you or says to you is agenda driven. Don’t assist the agenda, ever.
Sounds like that scenario would make for a good comedy movie! I would add a can of tuna accidentally shoplifted for plot depth. :P
Just drive off! He said you were free to go! But drive off slowly and say have a good day!
I always like when they say as she stated i would like to talk to my lawyer, seriously how many people have lawyer on retainer
I've had a few cops tell me they laugh if you ask if you're detained when pulled over bc scotus already ruled any time you're pulled over it is a detainment. They laugh bc they assume if you don't know that they can bs you on other things
Then just ask if you are free to go.
Or, say “I’d like to be on my way, am I free to go?” That also makes it clear that you are not staying there willingly. If you are staying there willingly, then they are not extending the stop beyond what is reasonable because they will argue that you are willfully remaining there without voicing your desire to be on your way.
I see the cop responding
" why are you making this difficult?"
Officer , I involk ALL of my constitutional rights . I am NOT being combative, i do not wish to have any consensual conversations . Am I being detained or are you trying to unlawfully extend this traffic stop ?
Hellow! Christine, how are you? Hope you well, love your videos, quick question, does your law firm service Las Vegas nv?
Regular people don’t have a “lawyer” standing by.
Rodriguez vs. United States 575 US 348 (2015) The supreme court has ruled that extending a traffic stop in order to conduct a search after the normal business of that stop has been concluded (such as issuing a ticket) is a 4th amendment violation. So if an officer has issued the ticket or concluded the business of the initial stated reason for the stop, and they continue to "detain" you, then you may have cause for a good 4th amendment lawsuit.
So no matter what word they choose for their illegal restriction of your movement, it doesn't change the fact that according to the supreme court, they're required to finish the business of the stop and then let you go, unless they find (and state) further probable cause while doing the preceeding.
This supports the argument that "detained" = "arrested" and the cops do not have the right to detain you without probable cause and a valid legal reason. Detainment equals coersion:
Detainment also allows the cop to switch from "I smell beer" to "you must be on drugs" to any other fabricated reason for continuing detaining someone, and cops have lost plenty of law suits for doing that.
This is absolutely brilliant content marketing, brilliant. Exceptionally well done. I congratulate everyone
Thank you for the video. Your number has been saved in my phone!
Being detained just means you're not free to leave. For example, when you're pull over to be issued a traffic citation, you're being detained.
In any event, if you have your girlfriend in the passenger seat then the cop will simply talk to her and she will tell him everything you didn't want him to know. He can separate the two of you if necessary. That's perfectly legal for him to do.
Just make sure you talk to your gf, or in some cases, your wife so you both know what to do and don't get manipulated. The cops do this stuff every day. They're pros at it, and you can't outsmart them.
BTW, if the cop persists on asking you questions after you've stated you don't want to discuss my day. You really don't' need to change your narrative. Just keep repeating the same response every time he ask you a question. I would say "no comment" to every question not involving the traffic stop.
Public safety is number one not officer safety!
In my Opinion, It is not a passenger it's a friend, because a passenger is a person hiring you to transport them from point a to point b for a fee. What I would say is, Hi Officers, what is your emergency and how can I help. When he ask for the license and insurance, I would say, "why?, Are you accusing me of doing commerce on the public highway for personal gain?" Then he will say YES or NO. If he/she say's NO, I would state, "NO!... are you not suppose to be policing commerce activity on the public Highways? If you pulled me over for no commerce violation, are you suspecting me of a crime?....
If he/she answers Yes, then ask " What proof do you have that I was doing commerce since I don't have a passenger only a friend since the definition of a motor vehicle is not define by the the definition of the word "motor vehicle" but by it usage.
A Judge would love to hear this in a Court room of record.
18 USC Ch. 2: AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES
(6) Motor vehicle: The term "motor vehicle" means every description of carriage or other contrivance propelled or drawn by mechanical power and used for *commercial purposes* on the highways in the transportation of passengers, ...or cargo.
(License is for drivers doing commerce in a motor vehicle and not for private Americans traveling for pleasure. )
Black Law Dictionary 6th edition
Commerce: means trade, traffic, transportation, or communication among the several States, or between D.C. or any Territory and any State or between any foreign country.p269
Passenger: In general, a person who gives compensation to another for transportation. (one who pays another for a ride) Shapiro v. Bookspan, 155 Cal.App.2d 353, 318 P.2d 123, 126.
Texas Supreme Court: Payne v. Massey, 196 S.W.2d 493 (Tex. 1946)“A license is merely a permit or privilege to do what otherwise would be unlawful.(commerce on public highways) The object of a license is to confer a right or power which does not exist without it. A license fee is the sum extracted for the privilege of carrying on a particular occupation or business, and it may be imposed either for regulation under the police power or for revenue, or for both regulation and revenue. 37 C.J. 168, sections 3, 4 and 5; 33 Am. Jur. 325, section 2.Escobedo v. State 35 C2d 870 in 8 Cal Jur 3d p.27 (19 Cal.Jur. 54, § 407.) "Streets and highways are established and maintained primarily for purposes of travel and transportation by the public, and uses incidental thereto. Such travel may be for either business or pleasure ... The use of highways for purposes of travel and transportation is not a mere privilege, but a common and fundamental right, of which the public and individuals cannot rightfully be deprived ... [A]ll persons have an equal right to use them for purposes of travel by proper means, and with due regard for the corresponding rights of others."
Tuner v. Driver (2017).... firth circuit court case held the the people have a first amendment right to photograph and record public servants while in the capacity of duty.
When pulled over turn on your dome light (at night). Keep your hands visible on the steering wheel. Don't start reaching for documents as cops can see you grabbing for something but not for what you are trying to reach. When asked for documents let the officer know what compartments you are about to open. When opening a compartment, slowly open and then pause and allow the officer to see there is no pistol in the compartment. Be polite, but not talkative. Don't give them undue flattery or false praise. They have seen people try to butter them up and may resent such a blatant ploy. Never argue their reason for pulling you over. Do that in court. They'll likely appreciate you not hassling them for every little bit of the pullover. You could thank them for certain information, as in Thank you for letting me know my tail light is out, but don't overdo it. Don't prolong the stop by indulging them in small talk or answering irrelevant questions. They will always be fishing for a reason to arrest younamd small talk is a ploy. From where are you coming? Where are you going? Have you had anything to drink? But don't prolong the stop with fruitless arguments and declarations. Why aren't you tracking down real criminals? I'm not doing anything wrong. Let me go home! They love you turning on the dome light and keeping your hands in view as they walk up. You could even roll your window down down and rest your hands on the door. They love you letting them see in the compartment before you quickly reach your hands inside and grab at unknown and unseen items. Make their job easier and they'll have a reason to make your life easier. Unnecessarily make their life difficult and they can find dozens of reasons to jam you up for an hour. I smell alcohol. I smell marijuana. Do you consent to a roadside sobriety test. (Never consent to a roadside sobriety test.!) I'll need you to wait for a K-9 unit to come on scene. I'll need to search your vehicle. Your refusal to let me search or to do a roadside sobriety test may be probable cause to search your vehicle. Let's argue about what constitutes probable cause for half an hour.
"Your refusal to let me search or to do a roadside sobriety test may be probable cause to search your vehicle."
This can never (legally) be converted into PC by itself. But anything they can point in your behavior as you engage in small talk, can support PC.
@@Turnkeys42 I don't know what PC means in your mind. That being said, I'd don't know what your point is. I'll say this while acknowledging I don't know what your intent is ... there are plenty of videos on RUclips showing cops, illegally and unethically trying to twist a perfectly innocent amd legal circumstance into what they think is probable cause to *violate* your rights. Refuse to do a roadside sobriety test. They'll accuse you of being drunk. Refuse to let them search your vehicle. You must have drugs. Heck, the Supreme Court in Salinas versus Texas supported the cops who interpreted the sudden silence of a suspect as guilt instead of an unspoken use of the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent and obtained a search warrant based off of the undeclared use of the right to remain silent. I'm not saying cops are politically correct (PC? -Question mark) to violate your rights because you refuse to meekly surrender your Constitutional rights and submit to their unreasonable and unlawful demands. I am encouraging people to defend their Constitutional rights by using their Constitutional rights, even if a cop demands you let go of your Constitutional rights and cooperate by letting the cops violate your Constitutional rights. I hope we agree on that. I am left to wonder if you think I'm justifying the irresponsible behavior of tyrant cops by mistakenly assuming I'm labeling their underhanded tactic as politically correct or PC. I'm not condoning the behavior of cops who assume you are guilty because you invoke your Constitutional rights. I'm condemning such behaviors. Cool beans? 😎 I hope we agree.
All good advice, BUT, I’d say 75% of the times I’ve been pulled over, coming on 40 years of driving now, all for speeding and one right turn on red where not allowed, I was let go with a warning. I found being friendly and having a sense of humor went a long way in getting me out of tickets I earned and admitted to while being cooperative. I think stating you won’t answer questions will come across as having an attitude which is more likely to get you that summons because they will just rely on the evidence they already collected without your admission. I dunno. In theory I agree with the advice offered in this video, but in practice I think your chances are better just being cool with the cop… unless you’ve done something really stupid and both you and the cop know it, then yes, by all means shut your mouth. Invoke the 5th from the start and repeat when asked anything. For a dumb minor moving violation though, just be nice… and I had an Ohio State Highway Patrol-woman lie to pull me over. I didn’t call her on it, and she let me go. She just wanted a look at the BMW I was driving. It was unprofessional as hell, but this was pre-body cam, so I potentially avoided false charges by being cool and letting her get her look at my X3, which she admitted to being in the market for. Okay… I’m done now.
Oh dear. Betty White.
You can answer questions just discern the right ones to answer.
I agree with you completely. I’m 69 and have driven many sports car to this day including new Ferrari’s and a C8 corvette when they first came out. Driving home from the dealership I got pulled over even though I knew I wasn’t breaking any laws. I was with my brother ans he said be cool they just want to see the car, which the cop admitted 😂. I showed him how the automatic hard top worked and the front lift and a few other things. I have deserved speeding tickets but either the cops let me go or I got it reduced to a parking ticket because I was respectful and courteous.
Totally correct. Totally.
This only works if you’re white, middle aged or older, drive a “respectable” vehicle and already have a connection or vibe with authority figures that some people just don’t possess, and not because they’re hiding something. Some people just don’t have that type of interpersonal skill. I’d say you’ve been blessed to have all the “right stuff” that results in warnings but no citations. Many just don’t have that, and they will be ticketed.