Neuroglia | Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Ependymal Microglia Cells | Blood Brain Barrier | BBB

Best medical/nursing lecture explaining
Neuroglia | Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Ependymal Microglia Cells | Blood Brain Barrier | BBB
Astrocytes
These cells form the main supporting tissue of the central
nervous system . They are star shaped with fine branching processes and they lie in a mucopolysaccharide
ground substance. At the free ends of some of
the processes are small swellings called foot processes.
Astrocytes are found in large numbers adjacent to blood
vessels with their foot processes forming a sleeve round
them. This means that the blood is separated from the
neurones by the capillary wall and a layer of astrocyte
foot processes which together constitute the blood-brain
barrier.
Oligodendrocytes
These cells are smaller than astrocytes and are found in
clusters round nerve cell bodies in grey matter, where
they are thought to have a supportive function. They are
found adjacent to, and along the length of, myelinated
nerve fibres. Oligodendrocytes form and maintain myelin
like Schwann cells in peripheral nerves.
Ependymal cells
These cells form the epithelial lining of the ventricles of
the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Those
cells that form the choroid plexuses of the ventricles
secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
Microglia
The smallest and least numerous glial cells, these cells
may be derived from monocytes that migrate from
the blood into the nervous system before birth. They
are found mainly in the area of blood vessels. They
enlarge and become phagocytic, removing microbes and
damaged tissue, in areas of inflammation and cell
destruction.
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