Transcaucasia in World War 1 I THE GREAT WAR Special
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- Опубликовано: 5 сен 2024
- A big thanks also goes out to Nate Maddex for helping us to make sense of this region and its complex history.
The Caucasus region with its many different ethnic groups and its resources was always of particular interest to the greater powers like Russia, Persia or the Ottoman Empire. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the idea of ethnic self determination and resulting national movements, the fluctuating powers situation caused by World War 1 created a unique situation for Georgians, Azerbaijanis and Armenians.
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» WHAT ARE YOUR SOURCES?
Videos: British Pathé
Pictures: Mostly Picture Alliance
Background Map: d-maps.com/cart...
Literature (excerpt):
Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. A Complete History, Holt Paperbacks, 2004.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. A Combat History of the First World War, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. 1914-1918, Profile Books, 2013.
Stone, Norman. World War One. A Short History, Penguin, 2008.
Keegan, John. The First World War, Vintage, 2000.
Hastings, Max. Catastrophe 1914. Europe Goes To War, Knopf, 2013.
Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Schöningh Paderborn, 2004
Michalka, Wolfgang. Der Erste Weltkrieg. Wirkung, Wahrnehmung, Analyse, Seehamer Verlag GmbH, 2000
Leonhard, Jörn. Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, C.H. Beck, 2014
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» WHAT IS “THE GREAT WAR” PROJECT?
THE GREAT WAR covers the events exactly 100 years ago: The story of World War I in realtime. Featuring: The unique archive material of British Pathé. Indy Neidell takes you on a journey into the past to show you what really happened and how it all could spiral into more than four years of dire war. Subscribe to our channel and don’t miss our new episodes every Thursday.
» WHO IS REPLYING TO MY COMMENTS? AND WHO IS BEHIND THIS PROJECT?
Most of the comments are written by our social media manager Florian. He is posting links, facts and backstage material on our social media channels. But from time to time, Indy reads and answers comments with his personal account, too.
The Team responsible for THE GREAT WAR is even bigger:
- CREDITS -
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Written by: Indiana Neidell
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Just a note: most of Georgia has been historically Eastern Orthodox Christian, so the reference to Georgians abandoning "Islamic tradition" there is off. As always, the episode was interesting.
@@2omgwtf318 What are you talking about? Georgia has always been eastern orthodox
Georgia has a large Islamic minority in regions like Abkhazia and the borders with Chechnya and Daghestan.
Only Georfians in Turkey is predominately muslim
@@kuroazrem5376 those people are not georgians though in apkhazaia there are now apsua people they were islamic and ossetians originate from iran so they were muslims too
@@2omgwtf318 what you know about chechens?
Man, what a mess! But you made a great video again and manage to hold the red line through out the whole story. Well done Indy.
Indy and team
Those colourised photographs are amazing.
They are not colourised. These are actual early colour photos: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photos_of_the_Caucasus_by_Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky
Yes, wonderful! Thanks for finding those!
I love how this chanel manages to cover these small yet very significant and meaningfull histories and regions. Realy hope you cover us lithuanians and our war for independence wars in 1918
Ironically you updated it on the anniversary of the birth of a famous Georgian: Joseph Stalin, who was born december 18th, 1878.
That might have been intentional.
Romulus Numa Probably.
the man of steel
Us germans prefer him to be classified as "Austrian painter"
:^)
Very original subject matter on which little information can be found! Congratulations. This is also the first time I have got the first comment in!
It was a nightmare to research but yes, it's also very, very interesting.
Hey Alan.
The amount of effort that has been put in this series is unbelievable
1:43 Isn't Georgia an Eastern Orthodox country?
Cezar-Iulian Blebea Yes
Gagik Gharagyozyan Then why Indy said "Islamic traditions"?
Cezar-Iulian Blebea Maybe he's commenting on the Muslim minority.
Senpai's Special Play Toy "Secularization of the country as many Islamic traditions were abandoned"? Doesn't sound to me like he was speaking about a minority.
he probably just made a mistake
Those colorized photos of Georgia are amazing!
I understand it's not in the range of your show but you could have mentioned the most famous transcaucasian of all time, Michael Jackson .
omg
Lol
Ok that's actually pretty funny.
My grandfather served in the Cacausus fighting for the Austria-Hungarians..
I wonder when has this region ever not been troubled in it's long history? Nice job.
Regards from Georgia, great show! Democratic Republic of Georgia, shall live on!!! :)))
As a Georgian myself, i thank you for this enlighting this subject.
I hope you can have a special episode on Persia someday.
We hope so too.
I'm surprised you left out how the Kurds turned on the Assyrians after the British refused to support Mar Shimoun. My wife is Assyrian and her grandfather "attended" university in Moscow prior to the revolution. Spent most of his money drinking and chasing women, according to family stories! Thanks Indy and Flo give our regards to all the support crew!
Well, that's more something for it's own episode. You really need to narrow topics down in this region for them to work.
Great story! My wife is Georgian and the history is lively. Respect to you and yours.
The story of the 26 commissars and Baku was very interesting
"Seen as a troublesome region" "endless conflict between moutain tribes bound by their own militant political or religious organisations" Yeah the balkans am I right?
"Where they fought over territories in the black sea" Oh. My bad.
The Balkans border the Black Sea.
@Matthew Sosnicki Calm down Sparky.
The balkans border the black sea tho
For those interested in the subject, look up the azeri magazine "Molla Nasraddin"
An incredibly well done video! Bravo!
I think an important thing to mention for historical context are the massacres in the Ottoman Empire against christians and mostly Armenians during the 1800's as this is a reason why the Armenians were a "troublesome population" for the ottomans
Guys read Ali & Nino (don't watch the movie or at least watch it after the book) and the Journeyman has great documentary on Baku during WW1!
Thanks to bringing me some light in the this part of history, you guys making really a great show!
I've learned a lot from this video in particular, and The Great War channel in general.
TY guys for another great video & wishing you all Happy Holidays.
Fantastic video as always, keep up the awesome job! Love you guys! Greetings from Boston!
Who can possibly dislike these videos? Amazing work and research, thank you guys!!
Al Mol Given the comments so far that could dislike the video.
They are correcting Indy and research team on the religious majority at the time of the war.
Awesome images! thanks for the video guys.
Finally my region is here. Salute to all Caucasians.
Cy haber brother, happy to see us recognised somewhere, greetings from the Tats
Greetings from Abkhazia
Interesting.
Too lazy to make a username .___. You mean Georgia?
Giorgi Abramishvili nope) Abkhazia
Question for out of the trenches: What was happening in places like Persia and Afghanistan during the war? I know they were "independent states" but did they favour any sides? And were there German spys sent to Afghanistan to convince the tribes their to attack India? Thanks, love the show, keep up the good work.
Ottomans fought British and Russians on Persian soil
Azeris didn't serve not because they were refusing to adopt the Russian regime (one of the non-essential reasons only), but because Russian Empire was not allowing Muslims, especially of Turkic origin to serve in the army and be trained militarily. Same case in the Ottoman Empire (Christians were not allowed to serve, it started only at the latest stage of the Ottomans under the pressure of European countries, in Balkans 10% of the troops were Christian lately).
It's opposite
The basmachi revolt started in Russian Turkestan, Russian Empire because Imperial Russian army began Conscription of Turkic muslims in army which they didn't want
@Theworldsucks-kg5jv Well, we are talking about two different geographies. During the First World War, the Russian Empire desperately needed those troops. One of the highest commanders of Muslim forces was Azerbaijani (Turk or tatar as they were called by Russian authorities those years), Khan Nakhichevansky, and Azerbaijani troops served with Chechens in the second brigade of Caucasian Native Cavalry Division, first earned a St George's order for their commander, fought and repelled Austrians many times. The Savage Division saved Russians in Romania in 1917, became an Army Corps, and was one of the most feared units. In history, they are best known under the name of Savage Division.
Big fan here. Caucasus Tribes are pretty much a hard topic to tackle. Nice Job Indy and the gang.
Tribes. Yeah sure.
Su Lomebio I will call It peoples and countries but the ones that caused this are either colonial ambitions by outside powers, religion or tribal problems between peoples there.
Love what you do! Also you handle all the info and get to the precise point.
Excellent video! I think this part of the world was often overlooked during the war, despite it being such an important area. Great video, Indy and company! A fan from New England region U.S.A.
Came to this most recent video to make a comment that hopefully the staff of 'The Great War' will see. I only recently discovered your channel and am now on Season 2 of your WWI series and I just simply have to say that Season 1 (and the other "side" videos I've seen so far) was some of the most riveting content I've seen in my entire life and I am not exaggerating. I am big into WWI history and have several books covering various stories and topics but I've never seen something like this in my life, a week-by-week re-telling of the events of the war as it happens is just amazing and you are so thorough and objective. I can't wait to reach the timeline in your series when USA gets involved so I can learn more of it - I had family serve during the war and none came back so to learn more of the individual skirmishes and battles will be something special. Thank you and God Bless - Justin.
Thanks and welcome to the show.
"Georgia Abandonded Islamic Traditions"
Wait... What??!?
Georgia Was Orthodox Christians Even Before Islam itself
BTW, I love all the mistakes in this video xD
Perhaps you have never heard this story before. Back in the day, the muslim population of Georgia wasn’t nearly as heavily outnumbered before Russian rule over the Caucasus. When the Tsardom took hold, the religious situation changed in favor of the largest religion in modern Georgia.
It’s somewhat odd that three seemingly independent factors could have on the region. But strategic national defense, religion and history are all just domino bricks.
@@erikthomsen4768 I'm Georgian myself so don't convince me that you know my country's history better than me.
Before the 8th century, there were a lot of Muslims in Georgia because of Arabs, but the majority was Christianity! Before the 12-13th century, the majority of Caucasus was Christianity(Including Noth Caucasus).
Russia has to do nothing with Christianity in the Caucasus since most of the Russians did not even know what was Christianity for a long period of time.
I don't say that there were not Muslims. There was but only a minority!
BTW, he mentioned Islamic traditions... He's kidding I hope! There were not Islamic traditions in Georgia... We had our own traditions, Caucasian origin - Kartvelian traditions :)
I know absolutely nothing about Georgia. And according to you the guy I asked knew even less.
Good job. My brain is all full. Talk about a can of worms; difficult to tell who is what and friend or foe with whom... and that's just for today! You guys did a great job of making it understandable. And truly appreciate your going the extra mile in rounding up the pictures, film, newspaper articles, etc. of the time in such a remote (at least to us Americans) region of the world.
1:40 Georgia was Georgian orthodox right? Not Islamic (although there are some small patches of islamic Georgians)
Christians were always a majority in Georgia.
@@unclefester7905
Thank you for using the term 'Christian' rather than the sectarian term 'Orthodox'.
eastern orthodox yes. always has been, always will be.
Still hoping for a Denmark episode. Would be interesting since many ethnic Danes fought for Germany due to the German conquests during the war of 1864.
They did one some weeks ago.
Thanks for covering such a complicated and controversial region.
Very nice subject to disscuss,congrats!
Wow bakus old city looked pretty much the same as now and now we have f1 cars screaming past it
The future: 90% the past, 9% stuff you can predict, 1% "where did that come from?"
I'd say F1 cars in Baku is in the 1% of things.
So this region like Poland was stuck between 2 rival empires
More like the Balkans. They're even on the opposite sides of the same sea!
3 if you count persia, but in those days they are busy getting rid of british influence on iranian soil, sucking up their oils
@@InugamiTheHound A German victory was better for Poland you mean so they suffer successfully without that Austrian painter but under German landlords' rule?
@@viktorpetukhov727well Poland would get the land from Russia, Austria-Hungary and secure western Galicia from Ukraine.
@@viktorpetukhov727 poland hated both Russians and Germans. Stuck in the middle and abused by both.
Greetings from India Indy great work keep it up
1:30 But Georgians where (and are) christian
Stas Granin there were still Muslims in Georgia. Just not as many as Christians.
Random Person Those were not ethnically Georgians. I think you mean the Abkhaz, Ahiska Turks, Azeris and Chechens who were largely chased out of Georgia by Russia.
Pontus Euxinus Ajars are muslims too
@Random Person But majority was Christian population from 4-5 centuries... From the first century, there was a minority of Christians since Jesus's death...
@@farrukh_b No they are not... I'm laughing so hard because kids are reading something in Wikipedia and think that they are philosophers...
Few months back i was searching for a documentary on sykes-picot agreement & found this channel.!! binge watched all the videos and now am enjoying them on daily basis. Its difficult to say if there is any other channel on youtube that has such diverse viewership. Great work guys you've got fans from all over the world. It would be a dream come true if we can have such detailed coverage of WW-|| in the future. [ Near future ;) ]
I learned more about this region in 13 minutes than I have cumulatively in 30 years. Complicated and fascinating.
Nice video, as your videos always tend to be. However, maybe it just seems to us Georgians but the video definitely shows Orthodox Christian Georgia as Muslim majority country which can't be farther from truth. Our whole military history was basically the struggle to not become one.
Lasha Macharashvili Why do you think that the video shows Georgia as Muslim majority country? There was a mention of massacres of Georgian Muslims (Lazs, Adjars) by Russian forces, no more.
Tommy DeLynn I understand that but see 01:40 it seems as if Georgia's secularization comes directly from abandonment of Islamic traditions.
Lasha Macharashvili I agree that it can confuse, but actually it was about Muslim influence in Georgia, that was pretty strong before the absorbtion by Russia due to Safavids and Ottomans. You can even find Azeri and Persian titles in Dasturlamali, e.g. mdivanbegi, topchibashi and etc.
Well, then - make it clear so it is not confusing.
strelnikoff7 Who have to make clear?
11:29 - the man that mattered after all.
Next video should be “The Levant in WWI”
Man thank you for making this! Were you planning on it before i asked?
I was waiting for this special. My great grandfather was stationed there (persumably) as part of the German Caucasus expedition. He never spoke of the war to my mother though.
We want to cover that expedition too.
@@TheGreatWarplease do! Or did you guys stop this project???
Another informative, educational....entertaining....in other words, another great video, inspired me look deeper into that area!
Phenomenonal work as always Indy & Co!
Pour yourself a large one! 🍻
Congrats to the dighill80 team. May history be preserved
That was one of your best episodes! An extremely interesting analysis of an often neglected period of the war. Also, I greatly appreciated how well-balanced your presentation was, which marks a significant improvement from your first episodes. From very good to perfect, that's the hardest progression and you have achieved it! My most sincere congratulations.
Just a note, you should use the term "Azeris" rather than "Azerbaijanis". One refers to ethnicity, the other refers to nationality (a nation that only existed after the Great War). Otherwise really interesting!
Alexander Waters It is much more complicated than that. Azerbaijanis were called (Trans)Caucasian Tatars before the Great War.
He did say Azeri at least once though.
It’s so everyone understands it
Today I learned! I had heard both terms, and never knew they were related.
Azerbaijani language has existed during the Safawids times and the region of today's Iran has been called Azerbaijan historically, there is no race Azerbaijani as the race is Turkic with elements of mixing Persian,Caucasians, Russians and etc!
I expected a brief reference to a very famous Georgian of the time... Ioseb Jughashvili...
Huzzah! This is The Great War at it´s best - delivering easily comprehendable history lessons on seemingly obscure topics. Plus Indy pronouncing everything in a real funny way... :-D
Well done as always. I don't think i knew any of this, other than the fact there was a lot of strife in the region. That quote from the Russian soldier about Bolshevism is very illuminating.
Someone mentioned Stalin. His real name was Ioseb Jughashvili, born in one of the toughest, cruelest towns in Georgia. Before he settled on "Joe Steel" (Joseph Stalin) he used approximately two dozen aliases for his writing. See the book "Young Stalin", fascinating, excellent read. Typical bluster by Jugashvili: "Hey, people have been calling me 'Stalin', so I adopted it!" BEE ESSSS.
The so-called Turkish fleet bombardments of Sebastopol, etc. were probably the German ships Goeben and Breslau, which outran the British to get to Constantinople, and pressure the Ottoman government to join the Germans. The ships left Constantinople, and entered the Black Sea. The German sailors dressed in Turkish naval uniforms, and the ships flew the Turkish flag.
Some researchers say that Джугашвили is actually Ossetian last name. Trotsky called Stalin "Sly Ossetian". The word Джуга might come from old Georgian word for steel. Maybe that's why Stalin took this nickname. You can read about it in article by Georgiy Lebanidze from 1988.
Weird, why was Armenia barely mentioned?
Because they are not ethnic people of Caucasus and they are traitors for each countries.They came from İran with Gulistan and Turkmenchay and Turkey with Kichik kaynarca and Aya sthephano.They they tooh old Agvan churchs and says Caucasus is armenia like moon
Great video. And to think before I watched it I thought Transcaucaia was just a condition Michael Jackson was going through.
Great job man! Very unbiased history
For more information on the war and the postwar period in the area I highly recommend Richard Hovanissian's excellent History of the Republic of Armenia and Azerbaijan's most famous novel "Ali and Nino."
Just got your Austro-Hungarian 99probs hoodie, it's so comfffyyy!!!
In David Fromkin's A Peace To End All Peace he delves into the complex and often confusing subject matter about the of the Russian Civil War in Transcaucasia, and all the insane events as a result of it. Though never going into deep detail due to the fact that is not the main subject-matter of the book, it highlights the multi-faceted nature of wars and ethnic tensions in that region - I do hope that Indy and crew will explain even more on this fascinating subject!
This tragic moment in history is sadly often forgotten in the history books. I want to thank you for shining light on these events and this region through a medium that people will find appeasing.
Keep up the great work.
Thanks Indy, mountains will not forget you
@5:05
colt lightning rifle second to last.
Very interesting!
Oh boy this comments section is going to be a mine field
Aviation lord Why?
Aviation lord dont worry well just send some russian penals to clear it
TheGodYouWishYouKnew Special about the Caucasus on Stalin's birthday.
Great Vid!
Just been listening to The Sweet Little Willy because of u Indy, top tune 👍🏻
I'm indy neidell ,welcome to another exciting episode of "the second war"
Also "druzhiny" (дружины), is a plural for Russian noun "дружина", it can be militia, men at arms or citizen patrol. Long ago it ment a military unit, a brotherhood of Russian knights (just note, back then it was Kievan Russ, Novgorod republic and other states, there was no Russia in current sense). "Друже", "друг" in the root of the eord meaning "a friend", some might know the word "droog" from "the Clockwork Orange".
Very nice episode
Feels so familiar. As though everything happening now in the world news happened in the same way before.
imagine how we would be forward if those wars never happened :(
As a Georgian, I'd like to correct something, it was mentioned that Georgia was muslim country, which is wrong, Georgia was one of the first country to accept christianity and still is, maybe you have mistaken periods where Georgia was occupied by muslim empires for few years, but it never changed anything, especially in religion side, we still kept Orthodoxy, but generaly speaking in Georgian history fighting Muslim Kingdoms/Empires is normal thing, we were unlucky with neighbours for sure, but we still going strong.
Gimli 12% of the population are Muslims. Although he didn't say that the country is Muslim.
Gimli The first nation to accept Christianity was Armenia
bring back watch sunday baseball
i miss swedish knock knock girl
Georgia was majority orthodox chrisrian not muslim!
In not one sentence in this video do we say the opposite. We do however explain that the muslims that lived in Georgia were prosecuted or influenced from the Ottoman Empire. Is that such a shocking revelation for a melting pot of a region 100 years ago? Can't you handle that?
Guram Beraia They were apart of the Eastern Roman Empire, then later on the Byzantines. Both Orthodox empires, reason why there were so many Muslims is because of the Muslim invasion that started in 1350.
Spartan325117 Reinhardt Main No reason is Ottoman conquest and forced conversion of southwestern Georgia
The Great War In video it appears as if Georgia was majority Muslim country which is false. I have nothing against muslim Georgians as they are my countrymen but facts should be represented correctly.
Thank you, i was sayng just that, we in Georgia tolerate any religion and we have muslims/jewish communities since ancient times, i`ts just you portreited us badly.
No offense or something generally i liked an episode
Hey Indy and crew, great job as always! Just one thing didn't sound "bulletproof" to me, as you mentioned the secularization of Georgia referring to the "many islamic traditions" that were abandoned. Wasn't Georgia (as still is) a mainly Christian region? Though most of its neighbours were (and are) muslims indeed.
Georgia had a sizeable Muslim population too and they abandoned their traditions.
The Great War But you do see how the phrasing of the sentence implies that it was? I mean secularisation is separation of state and religion but islam was the minority in a Orthodox dominated country
I think it would be very interesting an episode about Georgian Josef Stalin in your "Who did what in WWI" episodes.
Also, a curiosity for me. How did Portuguese troops went to the Western Front? By sea or though Spain? I'm interested in this issue cause I am Spanish.
Thank you very much.
I did a project on Sakartvelo yesterday, neato.
Do a uprising wars, balkan wars,and the fight for whole control of Macedonia region between greeks bulgars and serbs as a special. Since it's a prelude to WW1 and it would be a higly controversial topic hence the rivalry at that time that continues to exist today.
Transcaucasia is where other regions dress up as the Caucasus
Cossackgender: neither male nor female but cossack.
Are we going to get a special on Georg von Trapp?
Who puts a thumbs down on this? I'd like to know. It's information.
Steven Dee butthurted internet crusaders unfortunately.
yes!!
Chaim Marks no
Andrew Black maybe
Flo, thank you. If I can assist you on this topic, just let me know. I am an expert in this region.
Well I can send you info about Georgia including everything : Ww1, limbo state, independence and annexation
Can you contact us on Facebook?
The Great War sure thing man, Florian I love you .
This video is excellent.
Indy you should do a historical analysis on BF1 Turning Tides trailer
What was the reason behind the spike on German helmets during WW1? Was it for decoration and if so why?
Watch our German uniform episode.
intimidation purposes, those were less practical but more decorative
The Great War will do thanks
@: Although Germans love their brats, that spike was instead to hold their favorite snack, a pickle. That's why they are called "pickle helmets." (just kidding) :-)
Question for out of the trenches, why were the Germans called the huns or Jerry or fritz and did the other centeral powers, such as Austria-Hungry and the Ottoman Empire, have Nick names or slurs like the Germans did. Love your guy's work, keep it up.
i would love to see you TALK ABOUT THE BALKAN WARS and analyse them ! both the Balkan wars ! are exciting as "Beep" sorry for my bad language
Good movie about the Azerbaijan struggle for independence: "Ali and Nino".
Well done.
Where the heck did you get these gorgeous contemporary color photographs of the region?
A few years before the War, the photographer Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky began travelling the Russian Empire to document the various peoples and regions in some of the earliest colour photographs.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photos_of_the_Caucasus_by_Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky
Thanks for the link. The photos are incredible -- even by modern standards.
Can you cover Ottoman Storm Troops?
For another video game anylisis you should do Verdun 1914-1918