Russian scientists successfully reanimate dead dog's head (1940)

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 25 окт 2024

Комментарии • 2,8 тыс.

  • @LSamZhang
    @LSamZhang  10 месяцев назад +181

    My PhD thesis was in circadian rhythm. Coincidentally, the lab I was in now focuses on near death experiences. Should I interview my PhD advisor and get her thoughts on this video? If there's enough interest, I'll make that happen.

    • @juniko69
      @juniko69 10 месяцев назад +5

      Please do!

    • @AllergicFungus
      @AllergicFungus 9 месяцев назад +8

      NDE - or Near Death Experiences are just dreams. Activated gamma oscillations support that theory... The human mind is not conscious when it fades.

    • @annauras3932
      @annauras3932 9 месяцев назад +1

      Yes

    • @pedrob.5021
      @pedrob.5021 9 месяцев назад +1

      yesssssss

    • @designercreativo2932
      @designercreativo2932 9 месяцев назад

      Y

  • @zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
    @zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 5 лет назад +4102

    1940: trying to make a dog still alive without a body
    2019: studying if the earth is flat

    • @tupimpacaterpillar8420
      @tupimpacaterpillar8420 5 лет назад +152

      40s: bring dead animals back to life
      50s: nukes on a submarine
      60s: humans land on the fuckin moon
      70s: LSD experiments on the general population for mind control
      80s:...🤔?🤔?
      90s:perfected cloning
      00s:...?🤔?🤔
      10s: test tube babies & genetic modifications is reality
      All of the above is fact and is 110% real, so conspiracy theories are completely justified in my opinion

    • @WuW0w0-m8m
      @WuW0w0-m8m 5 лет назад +3

      tu pimp a caterpillar in conclusion. Educated ppl get smarter, and uneducated ppl get more moronic

    • @orkunugurlu9967
      @orkunugurlu9967 5 лет назад

      @@tupimpacaterpillar8420 Hero

    • @kleeklee4572
      @kleeklee4572 4 года назад +8

      🤣🤣🤣

    • @isprikitikburkabush6200
      @isprikitikburkabush6200 4 года назад +62

      "Gender studies"

  • @astrobella4620
    @astrobella4620 6 лет назад +1039

    I couldn’t imagine what it would feel like to die in a lab, be lifeless, and then be brought back to life.

  • @pgoffinet17
    @pgoffinet17 5 лет назад +3065

    Nature: Death is irreversible
    Russia: hold my vodka

  • @goobydoobybooby
    @goobydoobybooby 5 лет назад +1237

    You can now infinitely pet your dog with him being able to feel it

  • @StassieUchiha
    @StassieUchiha 10 месяцев назад +164

    I’m hoping that this dog watches us from the dog heaven and feels proud that its sacrifice helped millions of people
    Good boy, you did a great job! Thank you

    • @jahdhdoflkdkwja
      @jahdhdoflkdkwja 6 месяцев назад +28

      pretty sure if he had a thought, he would tell you to fuck off

    • @swingingsteel
      @swingingsteel 5 месяцев назад

      its a sick experiment from a sick society. Pure animal cruelty, considering they obviously killed that dog to play around with its head. Russia treats animals, and humans for that matter, like absolute shit. Like shooting them into space to die alone, confused, and afraid. I hate russia.

    • @trolojolo6178
      @trolojolo6178 2 месяца назад

      Dont be silly, dogs don't go to heaven.

    • @sr-7124
      @sr-7124 Месяц назад +3

      @@trolojolo6178wtf is wrong with you? Let people believe what they want. The Bible itself is vastly debated in its meanings anyway. A lot of people believe animals go with us to heaven.

    • @trolojolo6178
      @trolojolo6178 Месяц назад

      @@sr-7124 i dont care about others feelings or what they believe. Dogs dont go to heaven. Period!

  • @zekethegeek7723
    @zekethegeek7723 9 лет назад +2342

    Obviously nobody wants to see a pup get hurt or killed for an experiment, and anyone who has done their homework understands many great leaps in science came at a heavy cost, but on a purely personal note, this is interesting to watch in action. Life support in its infancy.

    • @zekethegeek7723
      @zekethegeek7723 9 лет назад +27

      No but stupidity makes me break out in hives. Agh! There's that itch again!

    • @parkerfriends2219
      @parkerfriends2219 5 лет назад +22

      It must of been one of those dogs at the pound that they killed... I hope they didn't just kill a young dog out of then blue.

    • @worldonyourhand9681
      @worldonyourhand9681 5 лет назад +8

      This experiment may kill many of dogs becouse of failure .... And success get.... And make viedo like this and other like this

    • @xxcrinxx
      @xxcrinxx 5 лет назад +44

      I agree. Is it dog abuse? Maybe, possibly. But is it interesting and a large step in the name of science. Yes.

    • @anactualalpaca7016
      @anactualalpaca7016 5 лет назад +13

      Science is unapologetic

  • @muhammadjoshua7464
    @muhammadjoshua7464 7 лет назад +969

    Yep,
    i am on the dark side of the internet again

    • @nagys36snn
      @nagys36snn 7 лет назад +13

      Muhammad Joshua not the darkest

    • @michaelop757
      @michaelop757 6 лет назад +3

      Lord Commander were is the darkest

    • @TheRealFredbearPlush
      @TheRealFredbearPlush 5 лет назад +14

      Michael Op
      The darkest is probably shock videos. They’re litteraly so disgusting. I suggest you don’t watch but some classics are 2 girls 1 cup, bme pain olympics, 1 kid 1 sandbox, stuff like that

    • @accountp4878
      @accountp4878 5 лет назад +11

      this isn’t even the dark side of the internet, look how many people know about this, you’re just following tendencies bud.

    • @ignoremyoldcringecommentsp7602
      @ignoremyoldcringecommentsp7602 5 лет назад +1

      I feel ya, buddy

  • @thedoctor3996
    @thedoctor3996 9 лет назад +722

    3:33 Those lungs are real, they did not have the technology to perfect such movement in artificial materials.

    • @rogue0192
      @rogue0192 6 лет назад +42

      The Doctor that's so crazy holy shit

    • @JjJj-ci9lc
      @JjJj-ci9lc 6 лет назад +61

      Rogue01 they were Just pumping Air into the lungs How crazy...

    • @parkerfriends2219
      @parkerfriends2219 5 лет назад +60

      @Jeremy Hicks that's only on RUclips. We're talking about when the original video was made: 1940

    • @znightowlz6585
      @znightowlz6585 4 года назад +7

      Parker. Friends no he’s saying this video was faked in 2009🙄

    • @abandonedaccount9264
      @abandonedaccount9264 4 года назад +21

      z NightOwl z nigga, this is in the soviet experiment files, so this was always not faked bu a random dude

  • @flxmkr
    @flxmkr 4 года назад +171

    I can't even keep a plant alive.

    • @lexl6120
      @lexl6120 3 месяца назад

      Learn from youtube search it🙂

    • @KIJITUX
      @KIJITUX 2 месяца назад +2

      Si soy, Yes i am

  • @johnd6980
    @johnd6980 2 года назад +97

    This was incredibly interesting and terrifying at the same time. It looked like the dog was trying to get away from the hammer banging on the table but couldn't move away from it.

  • @lyndsbee8054
    @lyndsbee8054 7 лет назад +342

    And this is how life support came about

    • @morp9671
      @morp9671 7 лет назад +15

      I wonder when they pulled the plug on the body less dog.

    • @zatrat5696
      @zatrat5696 5 лет назад +4

      Lynds Bee weird selfie maam

    • @CathMan28French
      @CathMan28French 4 года назад +1

      And organ transplant.

    • @florintinau9979
      @florintinau9979 Год назад +1

      ​@@morp9671they reatached the body

  • @ChicoDusty
    @ChicoDusty 9 лет назад +806

    It's amazing what they were able to accomplish medically during the 1940s, and yet they still struggled with graphic overlays.

    • @yup4021
      @yup4021 5 лет назад +12

      That’s how it is sometimes

    • @javidmirza4584
      @javidmirza4584 5 лет назад +33

      Chico Dusty the footages are from 20s published in 40s when USA and USSR became allies.

    • @AlechkoMalechko
      @AlechkoMalechko 4 года назад +11

      No no proving to the 2020 people that earth is round

    • @danbenson5463
      @danbenson5463 2 года назад +10

      Bit like we can make electric cars go 200mph comfortably with incredible tyre technology and electronics etc ...but can't make a battery to power it for more than a day

    • @-touya_todoroki
      @-touya_todoroki 2 года назад

      That's cuz they weren't trying to re-convince people the world is round

  • @angelarose4799
    @angelarose4799 8 лет назад +912

    can you guys stop saying this isn't real? you can find the film in russian archives. also, I know that what they did was cruel, don't get me wrong; but thanks to what they did there, we have life support machines now.

    • @user18428
      @user18428 8 лет назад +23

      so, same experiment is preparing to do it real with human, also in Russia.

    • @angelarose4799
      @angelarose4799 8 лет назад +74

      But:
      A man is never evil because he chooses to be evil. He simply mistakes it for good, the happiness he seeks.

    • @averbalin
      @averbalin 8 лет назад +24

      Remember . . . .
      "not all good intentions lead to hell"

    • @DiddntFindANameLol
      @DiddntFindANameLol 8 лет назад +5

      How very Socratesian of you. Wisdom is virtue and all that. But in all honesty, while you may argue that the men were not evil, i would still argue that the actions were horrible and cruel. But then I'm not a Utilitarian.

    • @Smeowtime
      @Smeowtime 7 лет назад +30

      it isn't just life support though. Any type of organ transplant uses this technology.

  • @this_guy0341
    @this_guy0341 5 лет назад +90

    You know you've never seen anything like this before when RUclips has no related videos.

    • @Flyingsgetti
      @Flyingsgetti 4 года назад +1

      Nab man it's just age restricted

  • @jaydafarrell5251
    @jaydafarrell5251 5 лет назад +189

    The start of this sounds like a Disney film

    • @yeahh6123
      @yeahh6123 3 года назад +3

      @Nguyễn Hoàng Long baby

    • @willywanker1906
      @willywanker1906 3 года назад +3

      Helluva Disney film

    • @michelerusso9745
      @michelerusso9745 3 года назад +2

      Yep, Frankenweenie

    • @15MPrints
      @15MPrints 4 месяца назад +1

      u mean the end.

    • @Thomas-xt9vx
      @Thomas-xt9vx 3 месяца назад +1

      1900-1950 had that kind of tone, yes. And we are familiar with disney because they were most popular.

  • @joesitter20101
    @joesitter20101 8 лет назад +447

    This was very important, early work in the development of the Heart-Lung machine that has been used to save tens of thousands of human lives during many different types of surgical procedures that would otherwise, never have been possible. These dogs (and medical researchers) have therefore, saved many many human lives.

    • @palestar828
      @palestar828 3 года назад +17

      Screw humans. What about the dogs. This comment sounds so selfish

    • @imdyinginside1919
      @imdyinginside1919 3 года назад +65

      @@palestar828 your comment sound selfish

    • @shaswatraj7533
      @shaswatraj7533 3 года назад +8

      The dogs didn't ask for it

    • @joesitter20101
      @joesitter20101 3 года назад +6

      @@palestar828 If you or a loved one should ever need heart surgery will you tell your doctors to let you die so that you won't have to benefit from these research experiments?

    • @JulsHorrorStories
      @JulsHorrorStories 2 года назад +34

      @@shaswatraj7533 oh boy, your one of those Karen animal activist aren't you?

  • @ICECHAMP
    @ICECHAMP 9 лет назад +448

    the weird thing about this is if u look at modern hospitals of today we use these machines in some surgery or even after surgery. back in 1999 i was in hospital & my lungs collapsed they keped my lungs open with a bellows tipe machine i wouldent be hear today without these kind of people who are willing to invent & test thease machines even tho it is gruesome its gonna save some lives in years to come

    • @themajesticspider-man6116
      @themajesticspider-man6116 6 лет назад +3

      Daniel S I don't think they killed the dog in order to conduct this experiment...

    • @ewaholda1978
      @ewaholda1978 6 лет назад +3

      ♥LolitaKei♥ :
      Sadly they did not Invent Dictionaries of late 20th and early 21st century.
      For many capitalists would be useful.

    • @Antonio_s96
      @Antonio_s96 6 лет назад

      The Majestic Spider i think they did

    • @themajesticspider-man6116
      @themajesticspider-man6116 6 лет назад

      The Great Santini We'll agree to disagree, then.

    • @cameronronanwelshbeast7243
      @cameronronanwelshbeast7243 6 лет назад +1

      The Majestic Spider you're correct, the dog had already passed

  • @SpoicySpooks
    @SpoicySpooks 6 лет назад +290

    Imagine the dog being like “omg what is happening?! Why am I just a head?!”

    • @WhiteTiger950
      @WhiteTiger950 6 лет назад +59

      The dog likely can't move it's head to look down at itself without a neck and body, and they say when you lose a limb or such, you can feel a phantom limb, I'd imagine in this situation the dog can still feel it's body, even though no body is attached.

    • @단도7575
      @단도7575 Год назад +7

      @@monkeyswillbemonkeys later they actually fr reattached everything but it took hours

    • @phillapple8260
      @phillapple8260 Год назад

      @@단도7575 source?

    • @albertbaena
      @albertbaena Год назад

      Just like Pierce Brosnan

    • @bewilderedberner
      @bewilderedberner Год назад +4

      @@monkeyswillbemonkeys yes it’s sad but this experiment saved thousands of lives

  • @CRT_YT
    @CRT_YT 3 года назад +71

    even though its fucked up, sad, heartbreaking, its still pretty interesting

    • @canadianradiochemist4465
      @canadianradiochemist4465 3 года назад +7

      Numbing all pain so that the dog feels as if nothing happened isn't fucked up for me.

    • @IndividualQuestion
      @IndividualQuestion 2 года назад +4

      @@canadianradiochemist4465 It doesn't feel any pain. It was already dead, they just made it REACT to it. And this experiment made the heart-lung machine saving many people's life

    • @toxicphantxm8061
      @toxicphantxm8061 2 года назад +1

      @@IndividualQuestion 🥺

  • @jennahbright19
    @jennahbright19 Год назад +123

    This is heartbreaking, but knowing that this saved so many lives makes it a little bit better
    Im glad the pup survived and had a happy and long live after all this ❤️

    • @Whatsgoingon1895
      @Whatsgoingon1895 Год назад +13

      Jennah your bright as ur name

    • @jennahbright19
      @jennahbright19 Год назад +1

      @@Whatsgoingon1895 too bad its not real (⁠๑⁠•⁠﹏⁠•⁠)
      Not me beeing paranoid abt my privacy

    • @Whatsgoingon1895
      @Whatsgoingon1895 Год назад +1

      @@jennahbright19 really I thought it was real but yeah

    • @SomeoneNamedPika
      @SomeoneNamedPika Год назад +6

      He didnt survive

    • @MadApplesWA
      @MadApplesWA Год назад +1

      Perhaps you should have read the description...

  • @pitaandhummus7643
    @pitaandhummus7643 7 лет назад +294

    If this happenrd... imagine what Nazis did on experiments with humans...

    • @Rahm-Umbra
      @Rahm-Umbra 6 лет назад +26

      Ye, i really hope they will start doing this with liberal scum and animal rights activists.

    • @ctl4547
      @ctl4547 6 лет назад +4

      I mean they did create a sort of enhancement drug but it didn't reach production because the war ended

    • @Swukelz
      @Swukelz 6 лет назад +17

      These guys are russians...Nazis were Germans

    • @goldsilence130
      @goldsilence130 5 лет назад +5

      They did some random'ass tortures but people say that these fucking tortures actually helped chemistry. I'm ignorant so idk. Is it true?

    • @EmulatorNoob
      @EmulatorNoob 5 лет назад +13

      Well a lot of Nazi research has made it to the US. They took their research in exchange for their freedom. Those that were captured by the Soviets weren't so lucky, as Soviets actually did the right thing by executing or otherwise punishing them

  • @Jjdb8211
    @Jjdb8211 9 лет назад +150

    18:45
    "after 11 and a half minutes of dead"

  • @seoulboi
    @seoulboi 10 лет назад +744

    So my question is, is that dog capable of thinking? Or is it the natural nerves reacting to the sound, touch etc?

    • @serenity6786
      @serenity6786 9 лет назад +129

      I wanna know the answer to that too

    • @ShadowedWorld
      @ShadowedWorld 9 лет назад +254

      +Na Bi I'm quite sure it's only nerves reacting, or at least it's so far gone it does not have any concept of what's going on. If it was aware, it would most likely be a lot more active, panicking over the situation, e.t.c.
      It is however only shown to react when they stimulate it.

    • @allenlark
      @allenlark 7 лет назад +65

      Na Bi I'm pretty sure all the brain is are natural nerves...so. what's the difference?

    • @morp9671
      @morp9671 7 лет назад +75

      Na Bi well the brain does suffer permanent cell death after 4 minutes but even mentally handicapped organisms can prove they are lucid with the tests shown in the video.

    • @PSlo0over
      @PSlo0over 7 лет назад +162

      Yes, the dog is capable of thinking it's not a muscle reflex or anything. From the video we can see that it's complex reactions, if it was a simple muscle reflex it wouldn't be responding with ears pointing at the sound, licking lip when there's a taste (not just a touch, but a taste used as a stimulant), etc. All these things indicate that the brain is functioning. And actually you don't have to do an experiment to know that, the brain is the organ responsible for thinking, it it's still alive and undamaged then there's thinking.

  • @C0llapsingStars
    @C0llapsingStars 4 года назад +404

    Poor puppy, you'll be missed :( your body was put to good use

    • @AR-hj7sm
      @AR-hj7sm 2 года назад +4

      Yup

    • @emmabaker582
      @emmabaker582 2 года назад

      Uh no, should have been a human :)

    • @rheyderaredes6482
      @rheyderaredes6482 2 года назад +5

      Is fake

    • @tipco415
      @tipco415 2 года назад +30

      @@rheyderaredes6482 nope this is a real thing

    • @trzy7265
      @trzy7265 2 года назад

      @@tipco415 it's a reenactment. Definitely fake

  • @allhaillordtachanka1957
    @allhaillordtachanka1957 4 года назад +53

    This is one of the greatest feats of science I have ever seen

    • @hasssaan99
      @hasssaan99 10 месяцев назад

      brainless idiot that was a propaganda video. if your kind of people exist then god help us.

  • @noctauto
    @noctauto 8 лет назад +111

    It's Alive! Alive!

    • @thedoruk6324
      @thedoruk6324 8 лет назад +15

      ....Aaaand its dead again...

    • @LucaShutz
      @LucaShutz 6 лет назад

      The DORUK No shit

    • @minecraftisgood4585
      @minecraftisgood4585 4 года назад +1

      Luca S it’s a joke chill

    • @thatsus3410
      @thatsus3410 4 года назад

      Damn it's weird but let's a dog rest in peace but it's hard to let go of someone you loved

    • @abandonedaccount9264
      @abandonedaccount9264 4 года назад +3

      °iDemonyi° it's a dog man if the russians didn't do this then we wouldn't know we can bring a head back on a dog possibly human someday

  • @SpencerFcp
    @SpencerFcp 7 лет назад +63

    I feel bad for the dog, but pretty interesting and necessary for medical advancement.

    • @theunlawfulsponge5908
      @theunlawfulsponge5908 4 года назад +5

      I'm sure the dogs were put down for old age or sickness and then they just got permission to use the bodies

    • @dujuan9646
      @dujuan9646 4 года назад +1

      James Allan lol sure

    • @Davros539
      @Davros539 3 года назад

      @@theunlawfulsponge5908 i hope so

    • @VoyagerD
      @VoyagerD 2 года назад

      @@theunlawfulsponge5908 Unfortunately not.

    • @deathifight7408
      @deathifight7408 2 года назад

      @@theunlawfulsponge5908 no they literally murdered the dog. .

  • @420Effect
    @420Effect 3 года назад +78

    A head alone couldn't move in certain ways depicted in this video, moving your whole head involves neck muscles, from what I understand this video is the depiction of a real experiment that was conducted successfully. In reality the mouth, eyes and ears of the dog head could conceivably move but in order for the entire head to move even slightly like in this video there would have to be some kind of accompanying neck muscles. The lung and heart parts of the video appear to be real and are probably a lot easier to do anyhow.

    • @blazayblazay8888
      @blazayblazay8888 2 года назад +7

      FINALLY AN INTELLIGENT COMMENT

    • @christiantyler1483
      @christiantyler1483 2 года назад

      Also the dog at the end would never make a full recovery. 10 minutes without oxygenated blood going to the brain is a lot of tissue death. If you start CPR on a human patient (odds are not favorable to begin with) after six minutes that patient is screwed. Brain dead.

    • @Gr8Li0
      @Gr8Li0 2 года назад +4

      Exactly... And how could they even supply oxygen to everywhere in the head like they said... Back at the time, I think it is impossible as it is now very difficult already.

    • @spiderspit1911
      @spiderspit1911 2 года назад +15

      pretty sure it's a recreation for the sake of the demonstration. I don't think they had a camera crew with them when performing the experiments.

    • @aloofshark9791
      @aloofshark9791 2 года назад +5

      I think they put a curtain over the body creating an illusion of a decapitated dog

  • @AdrianaShane
    @AdrianaShane 9 месяцев назад +6

    Imagine how many dogs had to die before they actually succeeded in there experiment. It’s actually sad to think about 😭

  • @damonalfero3125
    @damonalfero3125 7 лет назад +76

    This was amazing to see. I know nobody likes the fact that dogs were the ones being experimented on but at that time period it was a lot less heinous than doing it on people. And dogs are big enough to deal with their blood vessels better than something smaller like a rat. This video is amazing and the fact that the dog was dead for 10 minutes then brought back to life was a miracle bit it led to what we now have in life support machines. Just amazing

    • @youraveragechannel9825
      @youraveragechannel9825 2 года назад +4

      Why so it’s fair for other animals but not dogs huh

    • @GoldLND
      @GoldLND 2 года назад

      @@youraveragechannel9825 Because Dogs deserve the world more than other animals such as Cats! 🤮

    • @calebbowen667
      @calebbowen667 Год назад +2

      ​@@youraveragechannel9825 stop trying to start an agrument

    • @youraveragechannel9825
      @youraveragechannel9825 Год назад +3

      @@calebbowen667 he literally said in other words i dont care abouth the other animals, only the dog!

    • @calebbowen667
      @calebbowen667 Год назад

      @@youraveragechannel9825 oh ok

  • @kaitlynbeaver1818
    @kaitlynbeaver1818 7 лет назад +174

    THIS IS AMAZING!!! I'm not horrified or shocked, just absolutely amazed with science!!

    • @AspiePilo82
      @AspiePilo82 5 лет назад +4

      Its also fake

    • @yup4021
      @yup4021 5 лет назад +22

      Mistr Dee no.
      It’s.
      NOT.

    • @raullaht9674
      @raullaht9674 5 лет назад +2

      Russian science

    • @prestigedank0373
      @prestigedank0373 5 лет назад +2

      @@AspiePilo82 how tf is it "fake"

    • @audreymai2773
      @audreymai2773 5 лет назад +5

      This is fake. The dog wouldn't be able to turn it's head, without a neck. The head would just lay there. The problem with people today, is they will believe anything they see, hear or read online. It is quite pathetic.

  • @chaijiang8934
    @chaijiang8934 5 лет назад +144

    They literally bring a dog back to life
    Who else never knew that

    • @idottechnosuperz569
      @idottechnosuperz569 3 года назад +14

      Actually if you go deep in the knowledge of this experiment. You will find that the dog was not dead but they cut his head

    • @shotokimakaze1316
      @shotokimakaze1316 2 года назад

      @@idottechnosuperz569 yes
      Its bot dog abuse the USSR doesn't give a fuck about it

    • @yuvrajrathod6535
      @yuvrajrathod6535 Год назад

      ​@@idottechnosuperz569 he was dead for 10 mins

    • @kenzie4217
      @kenzie4217 Год назад +6

      No the dog wasn't dead before the experiment. They severed the head before they did this. The dogs brain probably suffered brain damage from the ordeal. And definitely died afterwards

  • @themomentchannel3498
    @themomentchannel3498 4 года назад +44

    i have mixed feelings first cruel they beheaded a dog just to see it if could live without body the other thing is quite impressive they managed to bring a dog back to life and gave it to a adopter

  • @rmejiarosales
    @rmejiarosales 5 лет назад +118

    I find this sad, the dog is so calm, we don't know what the dog is feeling, helpless because it can't move, amazed that it's still alive, scared because it doesn't know what's going on, or happy. This is an evolution for the present day, if we can reanimate a dog, then it's possible that we found a cure for death. However, we cannot live forever, we can only live as memories from our loved ones when we die. Even Jesus died, and ascended into heaven

    • @248_cole4
      @248_cole4 2 года назад +7

      People are calm because they see the open heavens. They’ve always wanted to see what heaven looks like

    • @rmejiarosales
      @rmejiarosales 2 года назад +3

      @@248_cole4 oh no, I almost forgot this existed. Down the rabbit hole once more

    • @producedby3am344
      @producedby3am344 Год назад +10

      nice fairy tale

    • @rmejiarosales
      @rmejiarosales Год назад +8

      @@producedby3am344 ikr, all that Jesus stuff, ew

    • @79spidermanboy24
      @79spidermanboy24 Год назад

      @@rmejiarosales if you wanna comment here just go be miserable somewhere else ok? 🙃

  • @astrobella4620
    @astrobella4620 6 лет назад +8

    DOGS ARE TOO GOOD TO HUMANS TO HAVE TO GO THROUGH THIS!!!!

  • @cosmonautcyka6562
    @cosmonautcyka6562 7 лет назад +63

    omg! a living human head in a water jar like from futurama. ITS POSSIBLE NOW.

    • @sharmarlafoster475
      @sharmarlafoster475 5 лет назад

      That’s Futurama for ya

    • @audreymai2773
      @audreymai2773 5 лет назад +2

      This is fake. The dog wouldn't be able to turn it's head, without a neck. The head would just lay there. The problem with people today, is they will believe anything they see, hear or read online. It is quite pathetic.

    • @sharmarlafoster475
      @sharmarlafoster475 5 лет назад

      Audrey Mai r/wooooooosh

    • @theunlawfulsponge5908
      @theunlawfulsponge5908 4 года назад +7

      @@audreymai2773 why would someone fake this what would they gain from it?

    • @Howlzffffdd
      @Howlzffffdd 4 года назад +6

      Audrey Mai err its actually real.. its how we have life support today.

  • @DebryanWard
    @DebryanWard 10 лет назад +58

    Yeah... I made it to the dogs head. I'm done.

  • @ethanstoltzman8421
    @ethanstoltzman8421 2 месяца назад +4

    You could say that this experiment was aHEAD of its time

  • @Tirnadi
    @Tirnadi Год назад +5

    It is so weird to know this could be something for the future as a key to imortallity.

    • @life-sf1oz
      @life-sf1oz Год назад

      You can dream about it cause there won't be such thing no matter hard humans try none can escape death

  • @littlesnuggle529
    @littlesnuggle529 7 лет назад +22

    This is hard for me to watch, but it's so fascinating

  • @astrobella4620
    @astrobella4620 6 лет назад +27

    As the saying goes, “Dogs may only be one part of your life, but you are their entire life.”

  • @dyslexicbatnam1350
    @dyslexicbatnam1350 7 лет назад +13

    I didn't think this was possible today, let alone in 1940

  • @adriandasilao7292
    @adriandasilao7292 11 месяцев назад +5

    This experiment is just mind blowing but the downside is there will be a more or less a irreversible brain damage because of lack of oxygen and circulation for the past 5 minutes. As brain goes into hypoxemic state the neurons slowly dies. Even being revived but the brain damage is still there.

  • @CamiQCZ
    @CamiQCZ 6 месяцев назад +4

    It is alive, but without a soul, without a purpose, without a life to live

  • @OmnipotentZ1
    @OmnipotentZ1 10 лет назад +149

    Even though I'm offended by this, I find this quite interesting

    • @OmnipotentZ1
      @OmnipotentZ1 10 лет назад +1

      Josh p102 Don't worry about it. I'm actually more interested than offended.

    • @yetdone5889
      @yetdone5889 9 лет назад +1

      Ikr I was pretty angry but intrested

    • @MrBouncyballoons
      @MrBouncyballoons 7 лет назад +16

      No give a fuck if your offended go be offended where someone caress dip shit

    • @ewaholda1978
      @ewaholda1978 6 лет назад +3

      Saint Zayan:
      How

    • @ewaholda1978
      @ewaholda1978 6 лет назад +1

      Everything Reversed :
      No I am A Human.

  • @wormsali
    @wormsali 7 лет назад +41

    all the blood is drained into a 7/11 big gulp cup

    • @andrewtodaro2874
      @andrewtodaro2874 4 года назад +1

      Sadly we’d never be able to perform an experiment like this in New York City, thanks former Mayor Bloomberg 😒😡

  • @bruhbruh1185
    @bruhbruh1185 6 лет назад +48

    the dog was like who tf woke me up lol

    • @adrianacanizalez5123
      @adrianacanizalez5123 4 года назад +1

      i want to know HOW the dog died

    • @SofiaAgnew
      @SofiaAgnew Год назад

      @@adrianacanizalez5123someone here said they drained its blood

  • @delaneykoch7195
    @delaneykoch7195 4 года назад +23

    we should try this on a human person and see if they can remember things from what would technically be their ‘past life’,

    • @Randy8460
      @Randy8460 2 года назад +11

      Pretty sure they did secretly but no good results

    • @danko5866
      @danko5866 Год назад +3

      @@Randy8460 how are you sure?

    • @kenzie4217
      @kenzie4217 Год назад

      ​@@danko5866because HE SAID SO danko, isnt that enough evidence for you 😂

    • @danko5866
      @danko5866 Год назад

      @@kenzie4217 oops my bad

  • @jasonfireshield6134
    @jasonfireshield6134 7 лет назад +19

    Am I the only one here who noticed the Citric Acid label at 5:55 isn't real...

    • @DmitryKandiner
      @DmitryKandiner 7 лет назад +9

      Apparently, there was a Russian label in original, not translated movie.

    • @dustinwolfe9591
      @dustinwolfe9591 5 лет назад

      Yea I had to rewind but it flashes the original label for like a microsecond and you can see the Russian script. No idea what it said as I can't read Russian but I'm guessing it's whatever citric acid is in russian

    • @abdullahhatem405
      @abdullahhatem405 4 года назад

      Well cinematography was primitive back then so they couldn't put a more professional translation

  • @deeannlippincott8305
    @deeannlippincott8305 7 лет назад +13

    imagine what this technology could do for humans

  • @thebrain9384
    @thebrain9384 7 лет назад +9

    Wow, I thought there would be major drain bamage after ten or more minutes. As for the bodiless head, I figured it would bleed profusely from its severed skin and muscles, poor doggie.

    • @WhiteTiger950
      @WhiteTiger950 6 лет назад +3

      There probably is brain damage. What we're seeing is probably base impulses and instincts. The ones that were reanimated and went on to live for a time, were probably revived as soon as possible.

  • @cryptidkai
    @cryptidkai 5 лет назад +23

    Am I the only one to find this EXTREMELY disturbing? Like... they decapitated a dog and reanimated it. Imagine you wake up in some run down dingy hospital with scientists all around you but then you realize you can't move.. you look down and see the floor. No body. You follow the tubes connected to you and see across the room a heart still beating and starts speeding up as you panic realizing it's YOUR heart. This is my absolute WORST nightmare. I'm scared of scientists and doctors just because of the crazy and disturbing things they can do.

    • @jasonrodriguez5787
      @jasonrodriguez5787 4 года назад +4

      kailey lynn it wasn’t alive, they didn’t bring it back to life, they simply reanimated it so it’s nerves responded.

    • @eightycals
      @eightycals 4 года назад +6

      While yes, it's extremely disturbing, it has helped made so many scientists and doctoes figure out how to make life support machines and such.

    • @kembaI.
      @kembaI. 4 года назад +1

      Tbh💯💯

    • @kembaI.
      @kembaI. 4 года назад

      You’re not the only one.

    • @mariosmatzoros3553
      @mariosmatzoros3553 Год назад

      This brought us life support and organ transplantations so you should be thankful.

  • @finalboss.comeatmeifyoudar6688
    @finalboss.comeatmeifyoudar6688 3 года назад +34

    1940: we brought a dog back to life after it died
    2021: sorry we can't bring him back for life

    • @blackbeargamer2052
      @blackbeargamer2052 Год назад +4

      Russian are the best

    • @kvgiris
      @kvgiris Год назад

      @@blackbeargamer2052 Bro this didn't even age terribly, this was posted during the worst time,

    • @user-ix4ei8ih7z
      @user-ix4ei8ih7z Год назад

      Wdym this is basically life support nowadays

    • @kvgiris
      @kvgiris Год назад

      @@user-ix4ei8ih7z fucking ECMOs be like"

    • @saggytheii
      @saggytheii 10 месяцев назад

      1940: we relived a decapited dog
      2023: no sorry sir we got to put it down

  • @natemiller3125
    @natemiller3125 7 лет назад +110

    That's quite amazing! I thought the dog would just be twitching and not doing anything but when they put the sour citric acid on his nose and it licked it up I was like *woah!* How long did the dog live after this?

    • @shibinkattodu6074
      @shibinkattodu6074 2 года назад +1

      its just fake dude😁

    • @YT_CAPTWO_886C
      @YT_CAPTWO_886C 2 года назад +30

      @@shibinkattodu6074 it ain’t fake 🤣

    • @oliviabg914
      @oliviabg914 2 года назад +4

      But the dog cant breath.

    • @luacoder3537
      @luacoder3537 2 года назад +48

      @@oliviabg914 The dog doesn't need to breathe, as long as the blood is oxygenated and there is sufficient blood flow to the brain, normal neurological functions will continue

    • @kush.4962
      @kush.4962 2 года назад

      @@YT_CAPTWO_886C the first one with the white dog was just an enactment of the experiment, so yeah the first one was fake. How do people not understand a dog can't move its head without a neck? It's decapitated.

  • @Amy-and-Holly
    @Amy-and-Holly 4 года назад +24

    I'm watching this because I found a tiktok.....this is pretty cool but I have so many questions

  • @bossfightergaming5978
    @bossfightergaming5978 3 года назад +15

    We can see the dog's pain in its eyes😥😞😞

  • @ActionScenei
    @ActionScenei 5 месяцев назад +1

    RESPECT FOR THIS DOG WHO SUFFERED SO MUCH FOR A LAB EXPERIMENT.

  • @Mark-zo1hs
    @Mark-zo1hs 2 месяца назад +2

    This is some analog horror type stuff but the medical technology and knowledge resulting from this is lifesaving as well.

  • @sulemana6894
    @sulemana6894 9 лет назад +9

    This is really sad but its really cool. If modern medicine develops the idea it could be a long term success in medical history.

  • @flukilz3855
    @flukilz3855 6 лет назад +32

    17:00 THEY BROUGHT THE DOG BACK TO LIFE :D

    • @adrianacanizalez5123
      @adrianacanizalez5123 4 года назад +1

      i want to know how it died tho

    • @kylierose7101
      @kylierose7101 3 года назад +2

      @@adrianacanizalez5123 they drained it’s blood for the experiment

    • @Rigiroony
      @Rigiroony 2 года назад

      Dude I'm so happy

  • @dankchikenwangz1383
    @dankchikenwangz1383 7 лет назад +18

    who else thinks the narrator sounds like leon from star fox

  • @evanex2149
    @evanex2149 11 месяцев назад +4

    Does this mean that the soul doesn’t exist and we are just a brain?

    • @lizziek.1546
      @lizziek.1546 4 месяца назад

      That’s what I’m wondering, seeing how they managed to bring the dog back to life gave me mixed feelings. Disturbance is one of them, it’s fascinating but it’s so scary knowing that they came back to life like nothing

    • @mygoldenretriever-krish3740
      @mygoldenretriever-krish3740 2 месяца назад +1

      I don't think so, maybe a new soul acquired the body?!

  • @gundir7504
    @gundir7504 5 лет назад +41

    I don't care about who thinks it's cruel.
    This is the technology that'll be giving humans immortality in about 40 years or so.
    They're making progress.
    This definitely wasn't a cold war effort, because it started 7 years from this recording.
    The dog didn't want to die, it just didn't know where it was, and what was happening. It was confused. There's nothing wrong about that though.

    • @meganholliday9663
      @meganholliday9663 5 лет назад +4

      Bundi Mc Unk immortality? All 7 billion of us? How tf we gonna sustain that and still be able to eat, nevermind enjoy life, have space for procreation and be able to procreate. Death is part of the cycle of life. We shouldn’t be able to escape it because that’s the natural order. Elements- the true building blocks of everything around us have half lifes. We live so we can do good for the future when we do die. Science is amazing, but it validates the need for sustainability more than anything else.

    • @kippy-kt7wv
      @kippy-kt7wv 5 лет назад +2

      The dog had a peaceful life, it ran, it played, it walked, but if you bring it back to life it has no meaning to live, what is life without meaning? The dog is alive and well, but it is miserable, being brought back to live to do absolutely nothing, that is cruel.

    • @lordgarithos7332
      @lordgarithos7332 5 лет назад +2

      Immortality is overrated

    • @marcy9125
      @marcy9125 4 года назад +1

      And so we'll live forever, but as sociopaths with no morals, building our future on suffering and deaths of many innocent creatures - what a great predicament

    • @miami7272
      @miami7272 2 года назад +3

      You can just tell this comment was written by an edgelord kid

  • @sumeshmani8
    @sumeshmani8 9 лет назад +20

    this is how they made heart lung machine later for heart sugary, but sad to know that lot of dogs & humans "torched by them during the war .....
    may be thats why such videos are not open for public now...

  • @kangaroo432
    @kangaroo432 8 месяцев назад +12

    This is unbelievably cruel

    • @ryanadams3091
      @ryanadams3091 3 месяца назад +7

      This is where life support for humans came from, would you rather they use a baby? Science was crude in the 1930s

    • @yp77738yp77739
      @yp77738yp77739 2 месяца назад

      Whereas the military horrors around the world of the Anglo-sphere were altruistic in nature!

    • @apaixonadopeloagro
      @apaixonadopeloagro 27 дней назад

      no

  • @-kevinprogamenan-1662
    @-kevinprogamenan-1662 7 лет назад +8

    They brought that last dog to life? I am very happy for him

    • @Dopzk
      @Dopzk 7 лет назад

      he died eventually

    • @theatrickal
      @theatrickal 5 лет назад

      just like you’ll die eventually, so yeah no shit

    • @crismix7599
      @crismix7599 2 года назад

      @@Dopzk all animals and humans will die

    • @GoldLND
      @GoldLND 2 года назад +2

      @@Dopzk Later on in life however...

    • @apaixonadopeloagro
      @apaixonadopeloagro 27 дней назад

      ​@@Dopzk provas

  • @kippy-kt7wv
    @kippy-kt7wv 5 лет назад +2

    The dog looks so miserable it has life but has no meaning, it cannot run, jump,walk,or play, how saddening.

    • @nilaoooo2327
      @nilaoooo2327 5 лет назад +1

      Yes, its very sad to see a dog/pup used in these experiments, as much as i hate to say it, scientist have to so these. Something that i do find comforting is that this could save a human life or maybe another animals life.

    • @kippy-kt7wv
      @kippy-kt7wv 5 лет назад

      @@nilaoooo2327 Yeah, you have to see the bigger picture, one life can save a lot of lives.

  • @yp77738yp77739
    @yp77738yp77739 2 месяца назад +2

    Without a spinal cord I don’t see how those reflex actions, reacting to sound or taste, were possible. Unless there was enough of the spinal cord left in place in the neck section.

  • @Picturesque-ob1fw
    @Picturesque-ob1fw 7 лет назад +15

    I was supposed to be a medical student. I know that all humans want to prolong and preserve life. But i am hesitant about the desperation humans have to achieve such goals. I love life and i love the people around me that is my family and friends. But doing these experiments to innocent animals and also to our fellow human beings breaks my heart. I know i should be more scientific and i acknowledge the advantageous results these experiments have brought about in the advancement of the medical sciences . But what if we humans just acknowledge the fact that nothing is permanent in this world and that everything has an end? I just miss living in the olden days. Where everything was simpler.

    • @nagys36snn
      @nagys36snn 7 лет назад

      Para Site 'simpler'
      Ask around, uni students, graders, already doctors, how is the whole thing, maybe if you have a chance try out one semester or two, see how does your stomach 'keep up' with it. Seriously think it over, many doctors suicide after years, cause they freak out and can't deal with the stress and patients, for your own sake. These guys are fucking warriors, i could never be a doctor...

    • @Outcileon
      @Outcileon 6 лет назад +3

      They're necessary evil, we need experiments like this for the greater good of humanity.

    • @pranasvaicaitis42
      @pranasvaicaitis42 5 лет назад +2

      Tell that to thousands of young people, who were saved and their families. Without evolution of medicine, people would live maximum until 30 years. Did you know that? Death is natural thing even to this day, but we have rights to find ways to make possability to enjoy world we live much longer. And live among our family and friends.

    • @kembaI.
      @kembaI. 4 года назад

      I agree

    • @Dhfhucudu
      @Dhfhucudu Год назад +1

      Something being simpler doesn’t make it better. We live in a world with more possibilities and if u don’t like it, you don’t have to try them out. Everything “having an end” doesn’t mean giving up on making life more sustainable and better.
      It’s kinda self righteous to believe humans shouldn’t do these experiments when we have the moral right to and u not having to participate.

  • @cateatfood6634
    @cateatfood6634 2 года назад +5

    Funny that no matter how hard we try to with all of our knowledge understanding exactly how everything works we still can't reanimate a whole organism once it dies. It's like there's a missing piece that leaves once we die, the breath of life if you will, that goes back to the creator.

  • @dinosan3512
    @dinosan3512 4 года назад +7

    this was unsettling but so cute at the same time i have mixed emotions 😿

  • @JonBow_
    @JonBow_ 5 месяцев назад +2

    For anyone feeling shit after watching this: dogs in these situations dont suffer very long and experiments like these saved and wil save millions of people or even other dogs.

  • @amazingannyoing1716
    @amazingannyoing1716 Год назад +1

    There is just something so disturbing seeing the dog lick its own nose and knowing that in that state, it cannot digest anything.

  • @isaacpalaming6179
    @isaacpalaming6179 2 года назад +3

    I feel so bad for that poor dog he died and randomly began to see again

  • @alexsmart007
    @alexsmart007 9 лет назад +6

    This feels weird but, Rhett and link brought me here from ear biscuits.

  • @muffin1538
    @muffin1538 6 лет назад +10

    wouldn't 10+ minutes of death cause permanent brain damage or am i missing something? is it different?

  • @CopperD5
    @CopperD5 2 года назад +1

    So Futurama's head museum can actually happen. Matt groening you've done it again!

  • @koammudo43
    @koammudo43 2 года назад +2

    This was like 100 years ago imagine what they learned now and can do

  • @scruffylad5222
    @scruffylad5222 5 лет назад +43

    Dog: well, it is my time to go...
    Later
    Dog:
    Dog:*wakes up
    Dog: ö I’m alive!! This is a Mira- wait...
    Dog:....
    Dog WHERE THE HELL I MY
    BODY!!!
    Dog: well shit. This su- OoH cItRiC aCiD!!

  • @foofoolame9127
    @foofoolame9127 7 лет назад +30

    This isnt cruel, its expermenting to save lives

    • @baitmate6414
      @baitmate6414 6 лет назад +3

      Jaden Jones it can still be cruel

    • @congee6026
      @congee6026 5 лет назад

      agree

    • @marypreston9791
      @marypreston9791 5 лет назад

      Torturing a life to save a life is still 100 percent cruel these people should of been arrested and put to death like the nazis were

    • @BX143
      @BX143 5 лет назад

      lets experiment on you bitch

  • @al-juwaira.panganting9382
    @al-juwaira.panganting9382 7 лет назад +18

    This just proved that nothing is Impossible. Science is so amazing :D

    • @javidmirza4584
      @javidmirza4584 5 лет назад

      亮一リンゴ Exactly

    • @Mi_Fa_Volare
      @Mi_Fa_Volare 5 лет назад +1

      Why did they film it in a worse angle when they demonstrated the head's reactions. How could the head twitch so much without support? Fake.

    • @ghostcoffee1099
      @ghostcoffee1099 4 года назад

      Check out HeLa cells. Immortality has been achieved.

    • @deathifight7408
      @deathifight7408 2 года назад

      @Twin Football the video itself is fake rhe experiment happened

  • @yirehmiyahmagsayo361
    @yirehmiyahmagsayo361 2 года назад +2

    anyone can be alive again with this experiment with this machine…from USR in 1940, great video maam

  • @SnoopyDoofie
    @SnoopyDoofie Год назад +5

    Dog clearly knows that he's being filmed and will be on RUclips one day. So he's playing along knowing he's getting a treat at the end.

  • @bugraboztepe8699
    @bugraboztepe8699 2 года назад +10

    What nobody realizes is that the dog was probably in pain

  • @mr.gameandsquatch1792
    @mr.gameandsquatch1792 2 года назад +16

    After watching this, it kind of makes you wonder. If it worked on dogs, could we do this to humans to be able to find out what happens after death? I know there are alot of moral issues with experimenting on humans but it still would possibly answer alot of questions.

    • @silentcow4
      @silentcow4 2 года назад +1

      human body is way more complicated than any animal

    • @noeltlalka6476
      @noeltlalka6476 2 года назад

      We know what happens after death, read the Bible word of God Jehovah. Humans try to research but He has every answer.

    • @fuckcorruptpeople
      @fuckcorruptpeople 2 года назад +1

      @@silentcow4 that is simply not true.

    • @DedHobbit
      @DedHobbit Год назад

      I think similar studies have been conducted in secret laboratories in different countries on humans, but we will never know the results, and even more so we will not see the video from there. They are classified)))

    • @SofiaAgnew
      @SofiaAgnew Год назад

      @@noeltlalka6476no

  • @incognito9327
    @incognito9327 7 лет назад +14

    Amazing!! This is amazing it could be the answer to our heart Attacks or other things to humans if they do that to humans it could help

    • @DmitryKandiner
      @DmitryKandiner 7 лет назад +3

      There are artificial blood circulation machines, as well as artificial lungs, and all those are used during open heart surgery.

  • @scottcupp8129
    @scottcupp8129 10 месяцев назад +1

    Here I am watching this again 4 years later. Once brain death occurs, it is impossible to revive it. You can restart the heart, the lungs, other organs...but you cannot restart a brain that has shutdown. It's simply not possible.

  • @MrZillas
    @MrZillas 10 месяцев назад +1

    Dog was dead. Now it lives again and has a family.

  • @Afamefuna
    @Afamefuna 8 лет назад +150

    GMM Anyone ?

  • @lib.777
    @lib.777 6 лет назад +4

    They bought the dogs back to life? Amazing!

  • @dat_kitkat5226
    @dat_kitkat5226 5 лет назад +14

    This is just sad I'm more of a cat person but jeez I cried during this

    • @-mochaicecream-9864
      @-mochaicecream-9864 4 года назад +1

      Dat_KitKat why :/

    • @S0ll0xx
      @S0ll0xx 4 года назад +2

      This may be sad for you but I think their bringing a dog back to life

    • @kembaI.
      @kembaI. 4 года назад

      💯

    • @terenceshawn2253
      @terenceshawn2253 4 года назад +1

      This is the reason some people are still alive and kicking today

  • @qgqtq
    @qgqtq Месяц назад +2

    What about the fact that they are telling us that the brain dies after 5 minuts without oxygen? How did the dog get back to normal life if his brain didn't get oxygen for so long? Maybe dog's brain is somehow more resistant, is different in some way, but that different?

  • @PetrifiedbyU
    @PetrifiedbyU Год назад +2

    If this scientist have 1k year of lifespan they would've created reviving humans by now

  • @KamiyaKun69
    @KamiyaKun69 5 лет назад +5

    This is amazing! Glad I found this.

  • @coolcatanja2244
    @coolcatanja2244 8 лет назад +49

    Asemblance wtf. why you send me here!

    • @MeR0bert
      @MeR0bert 8 лет назад

      Wtf man why am i here?! Y you so weird game?!

    • @coolcatanja2244
      @coolcatanja2244 8 лет назад

      +aserta ok?

    • @byrnjolfvertz9880
      @byrnjolfvertz9880 8 лет назад +1

      I was just watching Jesse's video on Twitch and got sent here

    • @coolcatanja2244
      @coolcatanja2244 8 лет назад +1

      Eric the Defiant i watched his stream he had the same reaction that i did

  • @the-memeiantor2775
    @the-memeiantor2775 4 года назад +3

    Wait the dog at the end got its body back

  • @militantpacifist4087
    @militantpacifist4087 Год назад +2

    This reminds me of the the episode of Futurama called “Jurassic Bark” where Fry wanted his dog Seymour brought back to life; but later he chanced his mind. I wonder if 1000 years from now science will be able to do almost perfect and people will want to bring back their pets and their family members to life.

  • @kingdweeb3493
    @kingdweeb3493 2 года назад +1

    With this machine it can revive a head of a important person that got murdered and ask him who kill her/him

    • @ahmedmx3575
      @ahmedmx3575 2 года назад

      Nope he wouldnt be able to talk

  • @altmash5080
    @altmash5080 3 года назад +4

    It was great achievement even in the 1940s. They should continue this can save a lot of lives.