I had a chance to sit with Leo before a concert that I did sound for. He is a very gracious, humble person. He talked to me like I was somebody! He knows what he wants for sound!! He can pick out the smallest infraction in your sound system. He always said thanks after a show, after spending some more talking with the crew. He is an amazing player, as well as a fantastic comedian.
Martin Koch....Are we to take your comment as a thinly veiled attempt to make us thing you "Are" Somebody? It didn't sound that way! Implying that others say things with motive shows your true nature and the way you were raised...or lack of a good raising... You must have been there to overhear the conversation between Leo & Brian...were you? Many players that make top shelf never forget how hard it was and it has a positive effect on them, like Leo...So what if he was just trying to make someone feel good...what's the harm in that? You invest your time to insult and try your best to bring people down.... You are not the kind of person we should be mad at...you are to be pitied! I'm truly sorry for you...
I've seen him about five times. He is my hero. My worship began in college in the mid-1970s. When a friend of mine, decades later, took me to see him at the Lensic, I thought I was going to faint from joy. Then saw him in NYC the next several times. I brought my original stereo record with the beat-up jacket that I'd held tightly to since sophomore year, backstage for him to autograph, and I have to say he was the sweetest, dearest, sincerest, realest, most generous, most gentlemanly person I think I have ever met in my life thus far (now age 63). He made me feel 100 feet tall. Thank you, Mr. Kottke, from your forever fan, Robin.
I've been luck enough to buy or own all his records from the first. A friend played his first record for me, and there was no turning back. It is amazing how he has pulled in fans and how he is so appreciated by everyone thru today.
I'd been playing for about a month when a mate said to me "So, youre learning guitar eh? Have a listen to this..." 'Twas a cruel blow.Took another month to pick the bloody thing up again and a further five years before it was possible to decipher a Kottke tune from vinyl but...Thank you Leo (and old mate Ian) for showing me a world of joy. Gracias
Take a bow Sir, your comment had me in hysterics on this grey, foggy morn in Sherwood forest. Thank you, things were looking pretty dull up to that point : )
@@loddude5706 - too funny mate. Thanks for cheering up my bleak day years later. I put on the tune, read the first comment and thought “that guy has the same story as me” then saw yours. Your good turn deserved another, so thank you.
My dad loves his guitar playing and his character .back in 1990 I was 15 years old .my father took me out in Phoenix to one of his shows. He said "watch this . Ur Gona love it."
heard him first in 72, middle of the night on the radio. Goosebumps! Saw him live twice; goosebumps and tears in my eyes. He is just that good. Turned out to be a funny storyteller as well. 41 years later still great and never gets boring. Only one thing wrong with him: doesn't come over to Holland often enough.
Saw him live in Perth. He finished a song then looking down he picked at something on the back of his neck, suddenly he looked up at the audience and realized what he was doing. He immediately said, " I found this spot on my neck three shows ago".
Very nice touch he has, never heard of him before, and I am 58 years young, shows that really time flies, not enough time to do it all. There is sure to be billions of people who never heard of me as well. So it goes, that's why music can bring us together for however brief of journey we have, helping to break lonliness and boredom.
i was blown away by Leo when I first heard Greenhouse in '72. From the Cradle to the Grave was amazing (as was the whole album), then I went back to Mudlark and heard Hear The Wind Howl. Great show and thanks for posting this.
Lifelong player as well as a fan for life....I don't have to tell you his incredible playing... but for me personally. his music is very intriguing...yes from the Midwest..in a weird way I can definitely relate.
Hey "Advertisers"! The surest way to get me to NEVER buy ANYTHING from you is to put your annoying ad in the middle of an important part of the video!!!
It never ceases to amaze me that various marketing entities decide THIS is the best way to advertise their products. The one thing I do remember from their annoying ads is the brand and company, to NEVER buy anything from them, ever. I wonder if there is any real data on how many sales of the [fill in the blank] is directly from these annoying ads . . .
Hot turned onto Leo at the age of 12 in1972. My floor master in boarding school played me Vaseline Machine Gun. I was hooked. Seen him 3 times. The last in 2018. And he played VMG! Sooo good!
I won two tickets from a radio station to go see Leo Kottke perform in Omaha when I was a teenager back in the '70s. I had no idea who he was, but I thoroughly enjoyed the show. I'd never seen anyone play like that.
In the 70’s we had geniuses like the the great Leo Kottke. We admired achievements that take a lifetime to master. Today we have “influencers “. To be honest, I’m glad I won’t be around much longer. The world breaks my heart everyday now, that’s what life is now. Sucks
A radio station I loved KQRS in Mpls. used to play a Jesse Winchester song whenever there was the first snow of the season- Winchester was a southern boy who went to Canada to escape the draft during the Vietnam War! “I was listening to the nightly news when the weatherman mentioned Snow. As soon as I heard that four-letter word I was making my plans to go.”
Classic Leo. Brilliant musicianship and droll hilarity. This is from ACL. Leo looks downright boyish. Must be from the ‘80s. I, too, saw him as an opening act at the Spectrum in Philly. He opened for Mahavishnu Orchestra and Zappa!
I've seen Leo twice, both times a revelation. Most interesting was at Philadelphia's Spectrum in the late 70's where he was the middle act between Orleans (Dance with me ... yuck - the Philly audience nearly booed them off the stage) and Linda Ronstadt. I'm sure that Leo was expecting similar harsh treatment from the crowd, but little known to him was the fact that he had a very large Philadelphia following - Most of the crowd had come to hear HIM, not Linda! He came out, was beautifully received, and finished his set. Linda came out with her band, and the audience is shouting, "We want Leo, we want Leo." She couldn't even begin - didn't know what to do. So she invited Leo out on stage to do a couple numbers with her, the crowd went wild, Leo walked off, to a standing O, and Linda finished her set in peace.
I remember when a venue here in Orange County, CA had on a grunge band ahead of Leo. The crowd came in and there was all this crap on the stage, an they had 7 or 8 members. Awful music. "open my veins, kill me" type of stuff. The crew and the band then spent about 30 minutes clearing the stage. The house brought out a chair, mic stand, and two guitar stands. Of course we all know that about Leo, but it was funny to see this contrast between acts. I've seen him probably 15 times, an appreciate it a lot.
Saw a bad called Ace front for and Yes in Philadelphia in 1975. The crowd was there for Yes. By the time Ace got to their one hit, “How Long Has This Been Going On?” The crowd was chanting “TOO LONG!” Brutal.
One of stories about his early days involved his extreme concentration while playing, frequently with his eyes closed. One time he realized he'd been playing closed eyed. And looked out at the audience all fascinated looking. Then looked down and saw hed been drooling.
A truly great and grand performance artist. My first wife was a folk singer w/guitar in the mid-Sixties, so I quickly learned about this world. He carries the tradition of the traditional acoustic guitar very well, and w/Ry Cooder completes N America's contribution to this genre!
Kottke (born in '45) created music that seems timeless to me and I'm delighted to find this bit of history on RUclips but ... I nevertheless wish the uploader had included the date
Oh man, what if Leo & Ry pulled off something together? Both are incredibly inventive, they know a thing or a million about the guitar, each can tell a story or twelve.... 'Scuse me a min, gotta go throw my guitar in the fire.
I used to have a consistent argument with someone where I worked that John Fahey was a better guitarist, however Fahey never could finish a song without a mistake.
Such an incredibly SMOOTH player. I can listen to him for hours. Him. Tommy Emmanuel. Chet Atkins, and Mark Knopfler. They all, at various times, hit just the right "groove" that can stop me dead in my tracks...to just stop and listen.... The CD, "Essential Leo Kottke", was the one that turned me on to him. Just smokin' great guitar. Can't really say that I enjoy listening to him sing...but boy do I love his guitar.
If you want to be good at something, practice, practice, practice. But if you want to do this, you need to be born with it or make a deal with the devil.
"I wanted to hear some other guitar, which was at the time hard to hear in Muskogee. I found a record that had Montoya on one side and Sabicas on the other. These are two guys who rarely meet. And I put Sabicas on first and the first thing I heard was a rooster. So the first record I found while looking for guitar music contained a lesson in production for me that I didn't learn to appreciate 'till many years later when I had the urge to add animal noises to my own record."
I think I recognize that backdrop, and at minute 5:15 or so, I think I just saw the capital dome, of Austin TX. That is probably the old version of the Austin City Limits recording studio theatre. Yep, probably is.
Saw LK live in a small venue around 76. Great show. John Hartford was the other act. LK would explain what a song was about, when he wrote it etc…and then play, with no lyrics. That caught me funny.
I understand what you mean, for I have a friend who is also of your kind and unable to tell at all what he does. BTW: Kottke himself said to me when I asked him in 1996, how he avoids the touching of the octav strings, that he didn't know and that he is "just playing" - which made me upset!
I had a chance to sit with Leo before a concert that I did sound for. He is a very gracious, humble person. He talked to me like I was somebody! He knows what he wants for sound!! He can pick out the smallest infraction in your sound system. He always said thanks after a show, after spending some more talking with the crew. He is an amazing player, as well as a fantastic comedian.
Brian, you aren't somebody.
I hope you appreciate how gracious Leo was.
He said that to you to make you feel better.
troll elsewhere Martin.
As it happens, I've just been reading an article on the Hindu value system of Ahimsa - non-injury. I can strongly recommend it.
Martin Koch....Are we to take your comment as a thinly veiled attempt to make us thing you "Are" Somebody? It didn't sound that way! Implying that others say things with motive shows your true nature and the way you were raised...or lack of a good raising... You must have been there to overhear the conversation between Leo & Brian...were you? Many players that make top shelf never forget how hard it was and it has a positive effect on them, like Leo...So what if he was just trying to make someone feel good...what's the harm in that? You invest your time to insult and try your best to bring people down.... You are not the kind of person we should be mad at...you are to be pitied! I'm truly sorry for you...
He is simply an awesome person.
I've seen him about five times. He is my hero. My worship began in college in the mid-1970s. When a friend of mine, decades later, took me to see him at the Lensic, I thought I was going to faint from joy. Then saw him in NYC the next several times. I brought my original stereo record with the beat-up jacket that I'd held tightly to since sophomore year, backstage for him to autograph, and I have to say he was the sweetest, dearest, sincerest, realest, most generous, most gentlemanly person I think I have ever met in my life thus far (now age 63). He made me feel 100 feet tall. Thank you, Mr. Kottke, from your forever fan, Robin.
I've been luck enough to buy or own all his records from the first. A friend played his first record for me, and there was no turning back. It is amazing how he has pulled in fans and how he is so appreciated by everyone thru today.
One of true fingerstyle acoustic pioneers.Great Leo Kottke.
Started listening to Kottke 40 years ago he simply amazing
At the start of this video, I was a guitar player....by the end I had become just a guitar owner
Yup.
You should not even joke about that. WITH is wrong with you? Self deprivation is no way to pay a comment.
Witin my budget sir..
Def in one ear...eat rotten beets
I'd been playing for about a month when a mate said to me "So, youre learning guitar eh? Have a listen to this..."
'Twas a cruel blow.Took another month to pick the bloody thing up again and a further five years before it was possible to decipher a Kottke tune from vinyl but...Thank you Leo (and old mate Ian) for showing me a world of joy. Gracias
Take a bow Sir, your comment had me in hysterics on this grey, foggy morn in Sherwood forest. Thank you, things were looking pretty dull up to that point : )
@@loddude5706 - too funny mate. Thanks for cheering up my bleak day years later. I put on the tune, read the first comment and thought “that guy has the same story as me” then saw yours. Your good turn deserved another, so thank you.
@@mathewhale3581 - My pleasure Sir, & after a month of rain, the Greenwood skies have just cleared again, so 'thank you' also! : )
@@loddude5706 :D
Yeah I saw him live 50 years ago...I tried that for many years 'til I gave up and found my own style...but he's addicting !
Sometimes it sounds like several instruments at once. Kottke is amazing.
My dad loves his guitar playing and his character .back in 1990 I was 15 years old .my father took me out in Phoenix to one of his shows. He said "watch this . Ur Gona love it."
THIS is the guy Wayne and Garth should be bowing to. It sounds like he's playing three guitars at once, and with his 6-string!
heard him first in 72, middle of the night on the radio. Goosebumps! Saw him live twice; goosebumps and tears in my eyes. He is just that good. Turned out to be a funny storyteller as well. 41 years later still great and never gets boring.
Only one thing wrong with him: doesn't come over to Holland often enough.
Very heartwarming story.
Saw him live in Perth. He finished a song then looking down he picked at something on the back of his neck, suddenly he looked up at the audience and realized what he was doing. He immediately said, " I found this spot on my neck three shows ago".
You're a big girls blouse but nice story.!
Rolf Fransen same in New Zealand, still remember it!
Very nice touch he has, never heard of him before, and I am 58 years young, shows that really time flies, not enough time to do it all. There is sure to be billions of people who never heard of me as well. So it goes, that's why music can bring us together for however brief of journey we have, helping to break lonliness and boredom.
i was blown away by Leo when I first heard Greenhouse in '72. From the Cradle to the Grave was amazing (as was the whole album), then I went back to Mudlark and heard Hear The Wind Howl. Great show and thanks for posting this.
Just the most beautiful guitar playing I‘ve ever heard. That second piece almost brought tears to my eyes! And he‘s so funny!
The second one is named "Arms of Mary", a deep spiritual one
Thanks!😁
Lifelong player as well as a fan for life....I don't have to tell you his incredible playing... but for me personally. his music is very intriguing...yes from the Midwest..in a weird way I can definitely relate.
I have only heard him for the first time today. I am looking forward to listening to his albums.
Hey "Advertisers"! The surest way to get me to NEVER buy ANYTHING from you is to put your annoying ad in the middle of an important part of the video!!!
SAYIN' !
Preach! ^_^
It never ceases to amaze me that various marketing entities decide THIS is the best way to advertise their products.
The one thing I do remember from their annoying ads is the brand and company, to NEVER buy anything from them, ever.
I wonder if there is any real data on how many sales of the [fill in the blank] is directly from these annoying ads . . .
Charles Ostman Amen brother, but remember this is a revenue generating tool for YT as well. It takes two to tango as they say.
Ever heard of Adblock?
1971 in the student union of University of Nebraska, Omaha. He played with Sun House, I sat on the floor about 4 feet away.
Hot turned onto Leo at the age of 12 in1972. My floor master in boarding school played me Vaseline Machine Gun. I was hooked. Seen him 3 times. The last in 2018. And he played VMG! Sooo good!
Saw him three times live...he never gets old in my mind :-)
heard him for the first time when I was 12 years old.and still blows my mind how good he is and so humble.the best ever as far as im concerned.go leo.
First tume I heard Leo waa at the club Tulagi in Boylder Colorado where I was working at the time. Totally blown away to this day.
Did you learn to play then?
Thank you for the encouragement to put more of this kind onto youtube!
Been a fan since the beginning. Great talent
I won two tickets from a radio station to go see Leo Kottke perform in Omaha when I was a teenager back in the '70s. I had no idea who he was, but I thoroughly enjoyed the show. I'd never seen anyone play like that.
Doing some pre-concert listening... heading to Kent, Ohio to the Kent Stage for his show tonight... it is sold out, glad I have a ticket
Bought my first Leo album 50 years ago.....still amazed!
First heard Leo Kottke at the student union at San Jose State Universty back somewhere near the beginning of time.
I'm back to hear him talk...he's so good at tuning and making it worthwhile with the talking. ❤
In the 70’s we had geniuses like the the great Leo Kottke. We admired achievements that take a lifetime to master. Today we have “influencers “. To be honest, I’m glad I won’t be around much longer. The world breaks my heart everyday now, that’s what life is now. Sucks
An amazing guitar player
I saw Leo in concert many years ago, he was with Jimmy Buffet and Jesse Winchester! It was one of the best concerts in my life!! Will never forget it!
A radio station I loved KQRS in Mpls. used to play a Jesse Winchester song whenever there was the first snow of the season- Winchester was a southern boy who went to Canada to escape the draft during the Vietnam War!
“I was listening to the nightly news when the weatherman mentioned Snow.
As soon as I heard that four-letter word I was making my plans to go.”
Classic Leo. Brilliant musicianship and droll hilarity. This is from ACL. Leo looks downright boyish. Must be from the ‘80s. I, too, saw him as an opening act at the Spectrum in Philly. He opened for Mahavishnu Orchestra and Zappa!
Kottke can take me from total peace to driving well over the speed limit - Vaseline Machine Gun was responsible for my first speeding ticket!!!
√aseline Machine Gun was definitely the most energizing on that I "pushed repeat" on frequently!!
I saw him play in the mid-1070's was an instant fan. I went to see him play 2 nights ago and look forward to next time. Front row center seat, too.
" I had been abused by a trombone for the preceding 6 or 7 years. Guitar seemed fairly benign to me."
Very benign, Leo.))
I've been listening to Leo since the early 70s. I'm still a fan.
I've seen Leo twice, both times a revelation. Most interesting was at Philadelphia's Spectrum in the late 70's where he was the middle act between Orleans (Dance with me ... yuck - the Philly audience nearly booed them off the stage) and Linda Ronstadt. I'm sure that Leo was expecting similar harsh treatment from the crowd, but little known to him was the fact that he had a very large Philadelphia following - Most of the crowd had come to hear HIM, not Linda! He came out, was beautifully received, and finished his set. Linda came out with her band, and the audience is shouting, "We want Leo, we want Leo." She couldn't even begin - didn't know what to do. So she invited Leo out on stage to do a couple numbers with her, the crowd went wild, Leo walked off, to a standing O, and Linda finished her set in peace.
The Philly audiance obviously had no taste.
John Ferris Philly folks are fuckin animals. The only one that has put them in their place is Bill Burr. Look up Bill Burr’s Philly rant on RUclips.
I remember when a venue here in Orange County, CA had on a grunge band ahead of Leo. The crowd came in and there was all this crap on the stage, an they had 7 or 8 members. Awful music. "open my veins, kill me" type of stuff.
The crew and the band then spent about 30 minutes clearing the stage. The house brought out a chair, mic stand, and two guitar stands.
Of course we all know that about Leo, but it was funny to see this contrast between acts. I've seen him probably 15 times, an appreciate it a lot.
Philly crowds are brutal ; ask Bill Burr 😉
Saw a bad called Ace front for and Yes in Philadelphia in 1975. The crowd was there for Yes. By the time Ace got to their one hit, “How Long Has This Been Going On?” The crowd was chanting “TOO LONG!” Brutal.
I mean, who else can play like this man?
Noone 😀
Kottke has one of the most mezmerizing slides ever.
Leo's funky rhythm slides amaze me ..
I had a tape, Leo kottke and 12 string guitar, it had an armadillo on the cover, I loved it
The old Tacoma label.
My Guitar Player Friend in High School turned me on to Leo Kottke Got Hooked to his Incredible Guitar Instrumentals
That 80's look... love it
Yeah, Leo! You are a hero on guitar.
makes me smile
When he first started playing publicly, he was so shy he couldn't look at the audience or the camera. He played only instrumentals (Brilliantly)
One of stories about his early days involved his extreme concentration while playing, frequently with his eyes closed.
One time he realized he'd been playing closed eyed. And looked out at the audience all fascinated looking.
Then looked down and saw hed been drooling.
Berklee accepted me because of my slide playing. Nobody there wanted to understand that.
Leo Kottke is a motherlode.
Holy crap he is good
Arms of Mary is one of the most beautiful songs I ever heard. I wish he would play it live.
It's on Leo Live!
i forgot all about him! i think i saw him live a longgg time ago. so good that i rediscovered him!
leo's the frickin man! ever since 1975 and i was 10 yrs old,man!
Olson...one of the most beautiful instruments made...
Such an awesome player. I saw him in Portland tonight. Awesome show. Great playing....
The tune at 12min or so sounds like he s playing slide..and he s not. Beautiful
Absolutely amazing ..
love to hear you sing and play your guitar, Leo!!!
The best bit is no-one screaching through the music. If you're responsible for this sort of sound production- well done, and thank you.
Right on top shelf audio.
listen to this over and over again en it getting better everytime, besides a man after my heart
And right about 6:40 my heart just melts.
yeah, i like that part too.
Wow.. really wow..thanks for the post ...mark knofler insperation..
I love leo
Sad day. Needed this.
A truly great and grand performance artist. My first wife was a folk singer w/guitar in the mid-Sixties, so I quickly learned about this world.
He carries the tradition of the traditional acoustic guitar very well, and w/Ry Cooder completes N America's contribution to this genre!
Beautiful....Saw him once years ago.Opening the show; Michael Hedges!!!
Kottke (born in '45) created music that seems timeless to me and I'm delighted to find this bit of history on RUclips but ... I nevertheless wish the uploader had included the date
Well, it's the 80's. That's as close as I can get by his appearance and the speed he's playing.
I did a little digging and I'm going to guess it was Austin City Limits, Program 1802. Recorded August, 1992. Marc Cohn was on the same show.
no one can ever top leo on acoustic guitar. NOBODY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Jerry Reed, Buster B Jones, were as good. Different, but as good. IMHO Reed was the best, but Leo is a freak of nature no doubt.
Michale Hedges. If he doesn’t top Leo, he was an equal.
@@HazHarpoLet's not forget Alex DiGrassi ...
Greetings from Varaždin in Croatia.
Zdravo from Atlanta
Maestro de la Guitarra!!!
Stunning!
Leo is Amazing!!
Leo is my first guitar god.
Wow wow wow 1👏👏👍👍💪❣💙💛
FANTASTIC. &. . . delightful
Oh man, what if Leo & Ry pulled off something together? Both are incredibly inventive, they know a thing or a million about the guitar, each can tell a story or twelve.... 'Scuse me a min, gotta go throw my guitar in the fire.
I used to have a consistent argument with someone where I worked that John Fahey was a better guitarist, however Fahey never could finish a song without a mistake.
Thanks for sharing! Great stuff.
impossible to not enjoy this as a person with ears
I bought Leo's guitar, the Taylor LKSM 6 string. Best sounding 6 string I ever played. Now if I could only play like Leo.
Such an incredibly SMOOTH player. I can listen to him for hours. Him. Tommy Emmanuel. Chet Atkins, and Mark Knopfler. They all, at various times, hit just the right "groove" that can stop me dead in my tracks...to just stop and listen....
The CD, "Essential Leo Kottke", was the one that turned me on to him. Just smokin' great guitar. Can't really say that I enjoy listening to him sing...but boy do I love his guitar.
Guys this accomplished blend 2 guitar parts in one.
Sense of humor most welcomed!
If you want to be good at something, practice, practice, practice. But if you want to do this, you need to be born with it or make a deal with the devil.
simply the best 🐂🐠❕
When you see a player holding an Olson, you know shit is about to get real, LOL! Leo is a master player!
Lol, any putz can hold an Olson - when you see Leo holding ANYTHING you know shit is about to get real. ^_^
Great comment :-)
Nobody else sounds like Leo!
Sweet playing -- has that Kottke style all over it.
"I wanted to hear some other guitar, which was at the time hard to hear in Muskogee. I found a record that had Montoya on one side and Sabicas on the other. These are two guys who rarely meet. And I put Sabicas on first and the first thing I heard was a rooster. So the first record I found while looking for guitar music contained a lesson in production for me that I didn't learn to appreciate 'till many years later when I had the urge to add animal noises to my own record."
I've seen him dozens of times and love him so much. I think this was the ACL show in the 80s when Lyle Lovett made a surprise cameo?
Leo playing an Olson. Goodness.
I think I recognize that backdrop, and at minute 5:15 or so, I think I just saw the capital dome, of Austin TX. That is probably the old version of the Austin City Limits recording studio theatre. Yep, probably is.
Saw LK live in a small venue around 76. Great show. John Hartford was the other act. LK would explain what a song was about, when he wrote it etc…and then play, with no lyrics. That caught me funny.
Yep, circa 1992. I recorded it on vcr off the air from public tv, but picture and sound were miserable. This is good stuff!
Saw him mid 70's at the Nassau Coleseum on Long Island. I think The Mahavisnu Orchestra was on the same bill.
What a player
Finally, someone posted the Available Space segue. Priceless stuff, thanks!
Arms of Maryで打ちのめされ、Oddballで度肝を抜かれる。
Very good.
I. Met. Leo. K. 2. Times. In. The. 70s.
I understand what you mean, for I have a friend who is also of your kind and unable to tell at all what he does. BTW:
Kottke himself said to me when I asked him in 1996, how he avoids the touching of the octav strings, that he didn't know and that he is "just playing" - which made me upset!
sublime.
I cant play it note for note, but its pretty close, they do offer a tab for the song through Stropes, I do believe. Its a great tune and good luck.
That ended too early. He is phenomenal.
I've always loved his work but I'm gonna 'Duck' him and dig deeper.
not bad young lad. keep it up. maybe you'll go somewhere. someday. LOL.