Sodium-Potassium Alloy: Blue Solvated Electrons in Water!

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  • Опубликовано: 15 сен 2024

Комментарии • 518

  • @Muonium1
    @Muonium1 Год назад +316

    Hi Feliks, beautiful exposition as always. However, it is worth noting that you are actually witnessing something *even more rare and exotic here* than the blue color of solvated electrons - in fact, you are also seeing the violet color of pure sodium gas. If you go to 5:00 in the video you can notice the violet color is not "adhered" to the surface of the metal droplet in the way the solvated electrons are, but rather floats around along with the droplet like a foggy haze. The vapor of potassium is green and that of sodium is violet for the same reason the vapor of iodine is colored, it exists as a homonuclear diatomic gas of Na2, and the electronic states of the molecule are vibronically coupled to the vibrational modes of the two atoms comprising the molecule, causing a multitude of regularly spaced absorption peaks throughout the visible region of the spectrum. Like iodine vapor, it should also fluoresce when irradiated with high energy light!!

    • @pattheplanter
      @pattheplanter Год назад +13

      The paper mentioned "part of the metal evaporated". Can you explain the orange swirls in the droplet as the molten hydroxide/metal gets clearer before becoming pure sodium hydroxide?

    • @Muonium1
      @Muonium1 Год назад +12

      @@pattheplanter haven't the slightest idea, but if I had to guess I'd say something to do with the shifting absorption band wavelengths with respect to temperature as seen on the combined spectral plots near the end.

    • @aretorta
      @aretorta Год назад +3

      @@pattheplanter I was thinking about this too. After some thought I speculate that it is the last bits of metal dissolved in the hydroxide. You can see that, as soon as the swirls appear, transparent orange appears right next to opaque blue. That indicates to me the it's not due to the droplet being red hot, but rather the last bits of sodium and potassium (maybe in clusters???).

    • @jaywerner1648
      @jaywerner1648 Год назад +4

      Couldn't it be blackbody radiation? NaK has a boiling point of 785C, which is well into the orange range. It's basically just red-hot metal because its been kept from blowing itself apart and continued to react with the surface.
      I bet if you look at other videos of alkali metals getting thrown in water, you'd see orange globs of molten metal skittering across the surface due to the leidenfrost effect as well

    • @Muonium1
      @Muonium1 Год назад +1

      @@jaywerner1648 I believe that if it were above the Draper point of 525C the view of the internal swirling blue solvated electrons would be obscured. I have seen these spheres incandescently glowing in other videos though. A simple test would be to turn out the lights while recording!

  • @sbreheny
    @sbreheny Год назад +27

    Awesome! Just wanted to make clear for your viewers that "liquid ammonia" here means cryogenic anhydrous ammonia, NOT ammonia dissolved in water (which is what household ammonia is). The NaK would explode on contact with the ammonia water.

    • @niji4894
      @niji4894 5 месяцев назад +1

      So its not piss...?

    • @Arycke
      @Arycke 3 месяца назад

      ​@niji4894 piss isn't just ammonia, but, yes, it's not pịss. Average, healthy adult urine contains around 1 mg/L ammonia.

    • @niji4894
      @niji4894 3 месяца назад +1

      @@Arycke i meant that as a joke. My bad if that didn't get through.

    • @Arycke
      @Arycke 3 месяца назад

      @niji4894 no apologies necessary! I didn't know if it was a joke or not, haha. I just figured I'd answer nonetheless cx

  • @ProjectPhysX
    @ProjectPhysX Год назад +176

    I've first seen solvated electrons on Thunderf00t's channel. Your slow motion shots are fantastic as always! Amazing to see this phenomenon in such great detail. Thanks for the video!

    • @TheThinkEat
      @TheThinkEat Год назад +66

      The paper he shows is from philip mason witch is no other than thunderfoot ;)

    • @dedr4m
      @dedr4m Год назад +12

      Same. Wasn't it TF who also submitted one of the earlier papers into the journal too?

    • @ProjectPhysX
      @ProjectPhysX Год назад +17

      @@dedr4m yes he discovered the Coulomb explosion and did a lot of the research NaK! Yeah, science!

    • @wowplayer160
      @wowplayer160 Год назад +1

      I remember when thunderfoot used to be good. Now he's just shit.

    • @roderik1990
      @roderik1990 Год назад +33

      Honestly wish he did more of the cool science stuff, instead of the reactionary opinionated stuff he often brings out these days.

  • @jimsvideos7201
    @jimsvideos7201 Год назад +25

    I knew of NaK from an amateur interest in nuclear energy, but seeing it with ammonia and steam was new! Thank you for putting your cameras in harm's way to get this!

  • @BertNielson
    @BertNielson Год назад +23

    This was such a neat phenomenon when Dr. Mason published it. So cool to see the work being recreated by another fabulous RUclips chemist. Thank you!

  • @TheOpticalFreak
    @TheOpticalFreak Год назад +17

    This is wonderful!! 🤩 Even Thunderfoot and Periodic videos didn't know what this effect was when the droplets turned transparent!! 😁👍 you did it!! 😃😄🎉

  • @HowWeedGrow
    @HowWeedGrow Год назад +6

    This video is mesmerizing. I added it to my psychedelic playlist will watch again when Im tripping

    • @ryaneverett9901
      @ryaneverett9901 7 месяцев назад

      That's a great idea. 👍🏻 Micro Dosin is MEDICINE!!!! 🍄 🍄 🍄 🍄

  • @BackYardScience2000
    @BackYardScience2000 Год назад +8

    God I love Sodium and Potassium! Two of the coolest elements, in my opinion. Especially when mixed together and in large amounts.

  • @me0101001000
    @me0101001000 Год назад +336

    You sure have a NaK for these things, don't you? Hah, get it? Knack? NaK? Okay, I'll stop...

    • @kahe7436
      @kahe7436 Год назад +2

      😅😅😂

    • @ian5395
      @ian5395 Год назад +30

      Knack nak, who's there?

    • @steadycruisin619
      @steadycruisin619 Год назад +3

      That was good! Don’t stop! 😂

    • @TheOpticalFreak
      @TheOpticalFreak Год назад

      Get out! 👉

    • @dwaynezilla
      @dwaynezilla Год назад +12

      I thought "should I make a chemistry joke?" But then I thought "Na"

  • @At0mix
    @At0mix Год назад +24

    I read in a paper that at very high concentrations solvated electrons start to behave like a metal, switching the color from blue to gold. Do you reckon that's what we're seeing when the NaK droplet hits the ammonia at 3:15?

    • @AureliusR
      @AureliusR 7 месяцев назад

      If you want to see the beautiful colour it makes, check out Applied Science's videos on distilling ammonia. He dissolved a bunch of lithium metal, and it turned this beautiful metallic bronze colour in the test tube!

  • @therealtime-o
    @therealtime-o Год назад +13

    You are the best in making Videos of chemical reactions. I love your Videos, thank you.

  • @mariodistefano2973
    @mariodistefano2973 Год назад +4

    Hi Feliks, really asthonishing footage! @2:20 I think it's one of our best "simulation" of what happens when two black holes / neutron stars / stars collide, collapse and finally merge in a single entity! Congratulations! *FANTASTIC* !!!

  • @jpolowin0
    @jpolowin0 Год назад +35

    That's really nifty stuff. The slow-mo oscillations of the drops as they merge is fascinating, as is the brief appearance of the blue colour.

  • @JohnLeePettimoreIII
    @JohnLeePettimoreIII Год назад +17

    ThoiSoi and Thunderf00t have both pursued many experiments with Na, K, and NaK. these elements are endlessly fascinating and i hope the chemistry community never stops experimenting with them.

    • @roriegilligan8134
      @roriegilligan8134 Год назад +5

      The second guy you mentioned is the first author of the paper linked in the description.

    • @peetiegonzalez1845
      @peetiegonzalez1845 Год назад +1

      The main author of the paper he's referring to is Phillip E Mason. a.k.a. Thunderf00t. It's great to see so many RUclipsrs now picking up on it.

    • @peetiegonzalez1845
      @peetiegonzalez1845 Год назад +1

      @@roriegilligan8134 Wow youTube didn't show me your comment before I typed mine. Glad there's a few of us who noticed!

  • @j_sum1
    @j_sum1 Год назад +2

    Lay a piece of filter paper across a petri dish full of water so that it becomes wet. Drop a small piece of sodium on top. You will see many of the same effects including the solvated electron blue colour, spontaneous ignition and a clear bead of hydroxide that later explodes.
    Simple and illustrative.

  • @giyahan8840
    @giyahan8840 Год назад +3

    Awesome. I remember a time when finding footage of this experiment on the internet was hard to come by. It's so cool seeing more and more papers (and subsequent footage) of this effect-and all the little details people are now studying/writing about/experimenting with

  • @jamescrawford1534
    @jamescrawford1534 Год назад +2

    I love the blues that come from oxidation and reactions. My first 'experience' seeing it was as a welder when drilling mild steel would create blue chips and strands. Seeing that reminds me if the colour.

  • @Psychx_
    @Psychx_ Год назад +8

    These blobs of liquid metal have quite the surface tension. I've only worked with gallium-based liquid metal alloys for electronics cooling before, but they seem to have very similar physical properties.

  • @srideepprasad
    @srideepprasad Год назад

    Hands down the most cinematic chemistry channel on RUclips.A perfect amalgamation of visual art and science. I’ve been hooked ever since I saw the cold phosphorus flame video which was a cinematographic masterpiece.

  • @science_and_anonymous
    @science_and_anonymous Год назад +1

    Thunderf00t did some incredible work with this phenomenon and is an expert on alkali metals.

  • @ph08nyx
    @ph08nyx Год назад

    Капля расплавленного гидроксида на поверхности воды, как бы наполненная оранжевым дымом, постепенно становящаяся прозрачной - это одно из самых красивы вещей, которые я видел!

  • @Simonjose7258
    @Simonjose7258 Год назад

    These videos are so enthralling that I'm always half-way through before realizing that I'm watching at 480 and I have to turn up the quality tobwatch it again.

  • @worldtraveler930
    @worldtraveler930 Год назад +1

    After watching this video I can't help but think this fella must have the ability to make some truly exotic and outright Kick Ass lava lamps!!! 🤠👍

  • @johngilbert184
    @johngilbert184 Год назад

    Video photograph - outstanding. Experimental design - outstanding. Concept - outstanding. Must win some award! Going back on my Patreon support list. Thank you.

  • @HingleMacCringleberry
    @HingleMacCringleberry Год назад +1

    I'm shocked your channel doesn't have more subscribers considering how amazing your work is.

  • @bassmaster9781
    @bassmaster9781 9 месяцев назад

    The slowmotion is WOW just WOW.
    Theres a lot to lurn from that! Thank you!

  • @jonpopelka
    @jonpopelka Год назад +2

    Cool chemistry aside, watching those alloy blobs merge was frickin DECENT

  • @christopherleubner6633
    @christopherleubner6633 Год назад +3

    Breathtakingly beautiful reactions. Highly recommend this to chemistry teachers 🤓❤

    • @menjolno
      @menjolno Год назад

      I also highly recommend this to common core 🤓🤓🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸

    • @crabsaresilly8317
      @crabsaresilly8317 Год назад

      @@menjolnonerrrrrrrrrr

  • @marghea4008
    @marghea4008 Год назад +2

    I love studying chemistry, because sometimes it's more like "look at all these materials, techniques, compouds etc that revolutionised our lives" and other times it's like "look at this cool blue solution i made, isn't it neat :)"

    • @crabsaresilly8317
      @crabsaresilly8317 Год назад

      Would you consider leaving on a red cloth regular table lamp in the bedroom and a tubular vintage oval bulb desk lamp in the office, and seeing which type of bulb burns out first after a while, "doing an experiment" ? ., ;

  • @SuperAngelofglory
    @SuperAngelofglory Год назад

    One of the best chemistry experiments ever recorded

  • @pheargoth
    @pheargoth Год назад +3

    I notice that the paper you referenced had Phil Mason's name on it.
    That's who's channel i first saw this phenomenon on but not filmed as clearly as this.
    I think Phil/Thunderf00t would love to see this.

  • @ILikeToSayCaKaw
    @ILikeToSayCaKaw Год назад +2

    I had seen drops of alkalai metals turning colorless before popping on the surface of water and had wondered what was going on there. Hydroxide droplets make perfect sense!

  • @drecknathmagladery9118
    @drecknathmagladery9118 Год назад

    bubbles coming together is so cool in slow motion never expected it to quite literaly be like mitosis in reverse that is wild

  • @spenny3403
    @spenny3403 Год назад

    I love it thanks!! I always love watching sodium and potassium getting cut like butter before inevitable explosions! But I've never seen it turn blue like that, that was amazing with the slow motion!

  • @pyr0duck676
    @pyr0duck676 Год назад

    This is an active area of my research! Glad to see it featured on this channel!

  • @benruniko
    @benruniko Год назад

    I imagine if we could see atoms reacting and forming bonds with our eyes it would look like those beautiful slow motion shots of the NaK balls merging. Great camera work!!

  • @decepticonne
    @decepticonne Год назад

    i dont work in labs anymore so this is the closest ill probably ever get to witnessing electric blue. and it's beautiful! tysm

  • @MinusMedley
    @MinusMedley Год назад

    The slow mo shots are a testament to the relation of gravity and surface tension.

  • @CreamusG
    @CreamusG Год назад

    It seems so obvious to me now that water would produce these results too since ammonia does, but I genuinely did not even consider for a second this was possible. Awesome :D

  • @OuroborosMotorbike
    @OuroborosMotorbike Год назад

    That could be the coolest thing I've ever seen filmed!

  • @chemistry-experiments78
    @chemistry-experiments78 Год назад

    Footage of you cutting alkali metals is oddly satisfying!

  • @FhtagnCthulhu
    @FhtagnCthulhu Год назад

    This was a great one! A very unique spin on the original solvated electron demonstration.

  • @MBroam
    @MBroam Год назад

    the slow mo footage of the droplets merging was fantastic!

  • @noscreadur
    @noscreadur Год назад

    The slo-mo shots are amazing; like real computer graphics!

  • @fraserbuilds
    @fraserbuilds Год назад

    such beautiful footage! i had no idea water could solvate electrons this way. such a fascinating phenomenon.

  • @janewray-mccann2133
    @janewray-mccann2133 Год назад

    It appears that not to many of you chemists out there are aware that all humans have around 5 milligrams of sodium and potassium contained in a little pea sized sack called the sino atrial valve. It is found on the left side of your heart and it provides the O.01 voltage that provides the electrical energy needed to operate your heart and brain. Great video Felix, Rory, Tasmania.

  • @Fish-ub3wn
    @Fish-ub3wn Год назад

    i knew e- are blue but never seen such beautiful footage

  • @MrRedeyedJedi
    @MrRedeyedJedi Год назад

    I remember dr Phil Mason doing this last year and its amazing seeing solvated eletrons

  • @barry_g8443
    @barry_g8443 Год назад

    Absolutely amazing experiments...how do you even imagine lighting a match with water... Brilliant!

  • @AureliusR
    @AureliusR 7 месяцев назад

    I knew of this phenomenon because of Applied Science's video about liquid ammonia. He dissolved lithium metal into a test tube of it, and at first it was blue like yours because of the solvated electrons. But then it turned this absolutely BEAUTIFUL metallic bronze colour. Apparently these solvated electron solutions are excellent conductors, which makes sense, but I'd like to see someone actually pass a current through it and measure the voltage drop. Would be interesting to see what class of conductor it is. Wouldn't be a superconductor but probably so conductive it's be hard to measure.

  • @thommyneter
    @thommyneter Год назад +1

    Really cool! I always had the idea that they would be more light blue like lightning or the Cherenkov radiation blue color

  • @mcdubstrizzle
    @mcdubstrizzle Год назад +1

    That same blue color appears as potassium slowly cools in the presence of a long chain tertiary alcohol. Tetrahydrolinalool and dihydromyrcenol both work. It may just be a refractory thing on the surface of semi-molten potassium, but if that's the case it is a very convincing imitation. The presence of lithium metal makes it happen more consistently, though molten lithium does some really strange things to mineral oil.

  • @drayen667
    @drayen667 9 месяцев назад

    This video really bring out the beauty in chemistry.
    You sir are a scholar and an artist!

  • @cpchehaibar
    @cpchehaibar Год назад

    Hi! With your videos I can click thumbs-up before watching and I won't be disappointed.

  • @Bubu567
    @Bubu567 Час назад

    The color depends on the concentration. The color shifts from a blue, to bronze gold color, depending on the concentration of solvated electrons. The reason for the specific color is unknown, but is seen in all examples of proven solvated electron reactions.

  • @fano72
    @fano72 Год назад

    The blue vapour around the nak ball in water is not from this world. Fascinating!

  • @siyuyangzhang6995
    @siyuyangzhang6995 Год назад +1

    Great job! Thanks for making this video.

  • @danwhite3224
    @danwhite3224 Год назад +1

    Wow, I've never seen this experiment before but it looks incredible

    • @crabsaresilly8317
      @crabsaresilly8317 Год назад

      Would you consider leaving on a red cloth table lamp in the bedroom and a tubular vintage oval bulb lamp in the office, and seeing which type of bulb burns out first, doing an experiment?

  • @davidgailinas8979
    @davidgailinas8979 Год назад

    6:40 That gave me a chuckle. Honest man.

  • @Gargamoth
    @Gargamoth Год назад

    That is so alien looking. It could actually be in a movie scene for the next scifi film

  • @hunnybunnysheavymetalmusic6542

    The way the alloy stuck to the copper made it look like molten solder.
    All in all, really cool stuff!

  • @TheHuntermj
    @TheHuntermj Год назад

    It's mesmerizing watching a coulombic explosion in slow motion as all it's protective electrons bleed away instead of detonating and the final naked Sodium/Potassium mix reacts all at once with the water.

  • @JeremiahHalpin
    @JeremiahHalpin Год назад

    Electron blue. Beautiful color.

  • @ionutsfetcu4550
    @ionutsfetcu4550 Год назад

    It seems that’s how bodies in the cosmos behave.that’s amazing.being smart is cool.

  • @zachreyhelmberger894
    @zachreyhelmberger894 Год назад

    WoW!! Nice super closeup at the end with the steam.

  • @drhaese
    @drhaese Год назад

    The beauty of chemistry at work.

  • @WillTellU
    @WillTellU Год назад

    yup, thunderfoot's paper. We all knew alkaline metals go boom, but now we know why and much more!

  • @MrKarlGP
    @MrKarlGP Год назад

    I remember seeing an old Open University demonstration where Sodium metal was dissolved in liquefied Ammonia gas producing the intense dark inky blue of solvated electrons, then a cyclic crown ether was added to clathrate half of the Sodium cations, resulting in an ionic complex obtainable as a golden crystalline solid when the ammonia was evaporated, a sort of sodium salt of itself.

  • @PaulSteMarie
    @PaulSteMarie Год назад

    Very cool! I knew about alkali metals displaying in ammonia and releasing free electrons, but not water.

  • @jrersinghaus
    @jrersinghaus Год назад

    Oh you have just given me the most amazing ideas for analysis on this!!! Fantastic work!!!!!!

  • @jesscorbin5981
    @jesscorbin5981 Год назад +1

    I knew, but I got to see more!

  • @tjpprojects7192
    @tjpprojects7192 8 месяцев назад +1

    Genie, "You have three wishes"
    Rando, "I wish to be able to eat sodium and potassium without them exploding"
    Genie, "You have three wishes"

  • @robertlapointe4093
    @robertlapointe4093 Год назад +6

    I have heard of this effect before with water (I think from one of Phil Mason's videos) and have seen the ammonia version first hand (along with bronze-phase Na/NH3). The slow motion of the NaK drops coalescing was great. I wonder if the beating heart experiment (mercury, iron nail, sulfuric acid and an oxidizer in a watch glass) would look as interesting in slow mo?

    • @sootikins
      @sootikins Год назад +1

      Did you notice that Phil is lead author of the paper shown in this video?

  • @br6768
    @br6768 Год назад

    Coolest science video I've seen in a while

  • @aqdrobert
    @aqdrobert Год назад

    You have a NaK for uploading great videos.

  • @christianterrill3503
    @christianterrill3503 Год назад

    Never seen the ammonia "reaction" soooo cool!

  • @hasanx8317
    @hasanx8317 Год назад

    Wow ... Magnificent... Praised is the best of creators!

  • @bertarissen6568
    @bertarissen6568 Год назад

    I regularly make NaK for my students and they are always impressed by the reactivity. So it seems contradictory to use it as coolant in nuclear reactors, yet it is done, because of it’s thermal conductivity and fluidity at room temperature.

  • @emilydolcett2238
    @emilydolcett2238 Год назад

    I have heard of it before but never seen such good video work on it

  • @scottybadmoon3857
    @scottybadmoon3857 Год назад

    That last 1 in space. Steam n sodium metal. Super heated. It thermal dynamics in a nutshell. Bonkers Kool...seabeck effect.

  • @Galejro
    @Galejro Год назад

    5:25 Oh crap you created a small Palantir! You're in league with Sauron!

  • @stevengill1736
    @stevengill1736 Год назад

    NaKadelic baby! NaK vs. surface tension, neat!

  • @berukadehikari2634
    @berukadehikari2634 Год назад +1

    Seeing how the liquid blobs combine, I wonder if it's possible to make a NaK lava lamp. Maybe with a clear inert liquid with a similar density to NaK and sealing it in glass container filled with argon.

  • @JuanHernandez-ig5cd
    @JuanHernandez-ig5cd Год назад

    Those shots where stunning

  • @xaxoon69
    @xaxoon69 Год назад

    Extremely interesting but also a bit spooky

  • @Astrofrank
    @Astrofrank Год назад

    Spectacular slow motion!

  • @HiwasseeRiver
    @HiwasseeRiver Год назад +1

    A company called Teledyne-Commodore used sodium-NH3 solvated electron back in the 90's and early '00's. I worked for them. You can look up the applications and details. The chemical reduction process was paired with a high pressure cutting jet that used liquid NH3 to cut into objects to obtain chemical materials that were to be reacted with the solvated electron solution.

  • @TheMeilinger
    @TheMeilinger Год назад +2

    Oh, a alkali metal paper by Dr. P. Mason? I Wonder who that could be :D

  • @SoumavoGhosh36
    @SoumavoGhosh36 Год назад +6

    Hey Feliks! If Na-K alloy is so much more reactive than Na or K on their own, I wonder how reactive what an alloy made of all the alkali metals would be! (Just a random idea occurred to me.) Would be great if you could show experiments with such an alloy, if possible, or just a Rb-Cs alloy. Thank you.

    • @ingolifs
      @ingolifs Год назад +2

      I always assumed the increased reactivity of NaK was due to it being a liquid at room temperature - allowing more material to transport freely to surfaces of reactivity, instead of reacting then remaining in place to hinder further reaction like in a solid. I suspect other eutectic mixtures of alkali metals will do the same.

    • @SoumavoGhosh36
      @SoumavoGhosh36 Год назад +1

      @@ingolifs Maybe you are correct. If that's the case, Rb-Cs alloy should react even more violently than pure Caesium.

  • @freekingawwsome
    @freekingawwsome 4 месяца назад

    I'm following you now that was FREAKING WICKED AWESOME

  • @JamesBakerOhio
    @JamesBakerOhio Год назад

    Aware yes, able to fully appreciate its beauty, not until now. Very nice 👌

  • @sealpiercing8476
    @sealpiercing8476 Год назад +2

    Wow, this is really illuminating about the different reactions that happen to a reacting NaK droplet on water

  • @Swaaaat1
    @Swaaaat1 2 месяца назад

    WOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!! THUNDERF00T BABYYYYYYYYYYYY YEEEEEEEEEEEEEESSSSSSSSSS!

  • @ignilc
    @ignilc Год назад +1

    thunderfoot also explored these phenomena. though you didn't explain why might me the reasons the NaK alloy seems to turn transparent before exploding.
    Fantastic video!

  • @Psychx_
    @Psychx_ Год назад +1

    You could even see the blue color formation on contact with water without the inert atmosphere.

  • @FloridaMeng
    @FloridaMeng Год назад

    Coolest thing Ive seen all year wow

  • @Fish-ub3wn
    @Fish-ub3wn Год назад

    the slo mo footage... just wooooow.....

  • @budwilliams7908
    @budwilliams7908 Год назад

    Those slow-mo shots look like mitosis in reverse

  • @BackMacSci
    @BackMacSci Год назад

    Beautiful! I did not know the hydrogen combustion in alkali metal + water reactions was what caused the explosion so that NaK in water under an inert atmosphere was mind-blowing!

  • @FarhanAmin1994
    @FarhanAmin1994 Год назад

    This. Is. Sheer. Art.
    You are awesome to the power a thousand!!! 😊😊😊❤❤❤🎉🎉🎉