Marian Reforms and their Military Effects DOCUMENTARY
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- Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024
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By the end of the II century BC, Rome became the dominant state in the Mediterranean, defeating Carthage, Macedon and the Seleucids, yet the internal problems and the arrival of the Germanic Cimbri showed that the victorious Roman legions are in need of a reform. Although some of the changes were started to be implemented previously, it was the new brilliant general - Gaius Marius, who reformed the legions, changing almost all aspects of their fighting and paving the way to more conquests. Unfortunately, for the Republic, this military reform would have a long-standing effect on the political life and would make the likes of Sulla, Caesar, Pompey, and others very powerful
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Sources:
Christopher Anthony Matthew - On the Wings of Eagles: The Reforms of Gaius Marius and the Creation of Rome's First Professional Soldiers
Michael Gambino - The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in their Social, Economic, and Political Context
Patricia Southern - The Roman Army
Adrian Goldsworthy- The Complete Roman Army
Osprey - Armies of the Carthaginian Wars
Osprey - Roman Battle Tactics 390-110BC
Polybius
Livy
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsou...
#Documentary #Rome #Legion
Sulla once said that he "saw many Mariuses in Caesar", so getting 1 Caesar t-shirt is like getting many Marius t-shirts: bit.ly/2RW5iMS
Please, don't buy our merchandise, if you can't afford it and only buy, if you are using your own money.
This comment is too good. It's going to destroy the Republic.
@Mr Seboss on a related note a video about Roman winter gear would be awesome
I wonder if Caesar learned any organisation or leadership skills from his Uncle Marius?
Reading this with the narration voice is pure gold.
Ottoman Battels pleas
I like how he used total war games for some visual aid. I'm a big fan of total war so I appreciate it.
Thank you for watching!
Mods used in this video:
-Divide et Impera
-Celticus' Marian Romans HD (WIP)
-Petellius' Particle enhanced
-GEMFX
Best wishes,
Malay Archer
Divide et Impera is the dankest mod imo
Oddish Yeah, I couldnt continue my campaign without it.
@@MalayArcher So, you're a Malaysian ey
Malay Archer So you're a archer, ey?
D.E.I.!!
But can Skillshare teach me how to bathe in the blood of my enemies and drive the barbaric horde from the gates of Rome?
perhaps in two different courses
But maybe Skillshare will teach you how to use more reliable sources than wikipedia... Like this:
"Modern historians have often assumed that Gaius Marius introduced wide ranging and long - lasting reforms that greatly transformed the Roman army and had a profound impact on Roman politics as well. The so - called Marian reforms supposedly involved both tactical innovations and significant reorganization of military recruitment and financing. These included: the elimination of the Roman cavalry (to be replaced entirely by foreign auxiliary cavalry), the disbandment of light - armed troops and the standardization of the weapons and kit of heavy infantry, the reorganization of legions into cohorts (replacing the earlier, manipular structure), and perhaps most significantly, the recruitment of landless soldiers who previously would not have met minimum property qualifications. These new recruits would be mostly volunteers and receive grants of land upon release. Lastly, it is often assumed that these reforms were permanent. Thus, according to the communis opinio, Marius permanently transformed the Roman military into a professional army that was mostly composed of landless citizens equipped uniformly. Yet, despite the widespread acceptance of this view, there is actually very little evidence for the Marian Reforms."
- François Gauthier, The Changing Composition of the Roman Army in the Late Republic and the So-Called Marian-Reforms.
you should´ve studied the blade for that
He might not had a revolution in mind, but the outcome was positive.
Reign in bloooood, from a lacerated skyyyyyy
I was always furious when the Marian reforms took place in Rome Total War, and my beloved Triarii units became obsolete. =(((
Thanks for helping me understand why this happened, 16 years later haha.
but beating up the julii and scippii with fresh legions againts their doomstack like hastii was good then feeding their generals to the dogs was great
Triarii will always be my favorite unit. Sucks that you need a level 4 barracks to get them. Even when you get them, most likely it’ll be your capital cities or other capitals of other factions (assuming they also have the equivalent barrack)
@@jessegordian2498 hell, i tax the shit out of my plebs so in my campaigns i usually hit the reforms before i even have a city large enough to go tier 4
I never used triari, were too expensive...was cheaper to use principes , and hastati for most roles...and town watch to take on cavalry lol. Mercs did everything else.
@@abcdedfg8340 Triarii was shit from my memory, no point in using them
Extra trivia: Marius was also responsible for the redesign of the Roman shield into the rectangular tower shields people associate with the Legion today. Prior to this, Roman shields were actually oval. Marius found that this was not conducive for being slung on the back on the march as the tips of the oval would bang the legionnaire on the back of the neck and the back of the ankles.
Marius thus ordered the tips of the ovals to be removed for the next gen of shields resulting in the tower shields we associate with Roman infantry from then on until the empire's fall.
In italian we call them "I Muli di Mario"...the Mules of Mario, because his soldiers were not only fighters, but also engineers, sappers, builders and so on. The legionnaire myth starts from here.
It is stated in the video
probably also plumbers as well
What is the legionnaire myth if I may ask?
Legionaries were essentially both frontline heavy infantry, as well as their own engineering corps.
@@Elador1000 maybe he really meant to say legionnaire legend? Either way, he is right. Most people look at Roman legionaries as some of the fiercest soldiers of all time, but they were also great engineers. Using their incredible organization, legionnaires built the famed Roman road system as an example.
6:22 "Contubernium" meant "squadron of soldiers living on the same tent", and after the fall of Rome it has been used for people reuniting (or plotting).
Never heard about the second instance. Interesting!
@@KingsandGenerals For example in Spain the francoist propaganda called "Munich Contubernium" to the congress made in 1962 between Spanish democrats in the city of Munich. In Spanish: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contubernio_de_Múnich
Curiously, a "contubernium", with its same meaning of "tent together" was also a weird kind of "mock marriage" between two slaves, or between a master and a slave. It was somewhat important to determine the paternity of slave children born of female servants, which could influence their value on the market or their inheritance, if they ever became free. So this method of "official" union was devised, since slaves couldn't be part of a "matrimonium".
It became more relevant with the advent of Christianity, because leaving slaves to just mate at random like beasts was seen as hypocritical, unethical, unchristian. It was more appropriate to pair them up. Similarly, there are instances of masters (in the late christianized empire) deeming it inappropriate to separate "families" of slaves. "Families" which had their base in this "contubernium".
So,..."contubernium advocato est contubernium" ?
Also Contubernium in Greek is Σπείρα which means a team or a gang and you commonly hear it, in the news for example for criminal gangs "Σπείρα Κακοποιών".
There are some notable mistakes here.
1: The Germans. This is arguably the most deeply entrenched myth of Marius. He did NOT reorganize the army as a result of the Germans. Marius' "reforms" actually took place in 107 BC when he was given command of the war against Jugurtha. Marius was not allowed to raise a new army for the war, but to seek replacements instead. To do this, he broke with the traditional recruitment pattern and sought men as volunteers from outside the normal manpower pool. When Marius took command of the war against the Germans, he disbanded his African army (Made from a mixture of his new volunteers and men raised in more traditional manners) and assumed command of the army of Publius Rutilius Rufus, as he considered them better trained and disciplined. Rufus had raised this army after news from the disaster at Arausio reached him, and brought in gladiatorial drill instructors to train his Legionaries.
2: A Standing Army. The Roman army of the Late Republic is best described as a semi-professional army. Legionaries did not have a fixed service time, and it was common for troops to be disbanded in short order after a campaign similar to previous times, though more and more men did also serve longer as professional soldiers and the army was certainly more permanent in nature now. The old Manipular system and the newer "Marian" army may have even existed side by side for some time, before the Legion organized around Cohorts became the norm.
3: Gaps In The Line. The Triplex Acies used by the Cohortal Legion still had wide intervals in it, and was arranged like a checkerboard. The first line had four Cohorts, while the next two had three. The Cohorts were not stacked directly behind one another, and as before gaps would remain even in battle with the formation. In the Triplex Acies, Roman units were meant to reinforce one another through the gaps in the battleline, not rotate between them. The Cohort was not a better tactical unit because it condensed the men more tightly together.
4: Smaller Things. The Romans did not suffer repeated defeats at the hands of the Gauls and Germans because the latter had better cavalry as is stated at one point, that simply never happened. The Pilum, while it could bend as recorded by Caesar, was not made from flimsy metal that just bent when it hit anything. It was entirely acceptable after all to use the Pilum as a close quarters weapon, as Caesar's Legions did at Pharsalus, 48 BC, and as Antony's Legions did against the Parthians in 36 BC, and in neither of these or future cases was this made harder by the Pilum bending. Legionaries at the time also did not wear greaves, or if so it wasn't as universal as depicted here. The Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus depicts Legionaries from this period, and none of them wear greaves.
And these would be the most glaring errors at least. You might imagine I'm hating on the video if your reading this, but I'm not. Huge respects to Kings And Generals for their hard work on the page! However, mistakes are mistakes, and it is always good to correct them. I don't of course mean disrespect here or to discourage them from continuing what you do, just constructive criticism :) Roma Aeterna Est!
Took the words out my mouth. I assume that means they will be ignoring the reforms made by Octavian which is why I don't care that much about them putting Marian era troops in lorica laminata/segmentata. Perfection is impossible for a channel that wishes to make videos going in to the history of every region of the world in every and all eras. Still, they do pretty well.
Very informative, thank you. 😊
I'd just like to point out that in terms of point 4a, serious setbacks =/= defeats, and they definitely suffered for a lack of quality cavalry in plenty of battles after having gained victory over the other Latins as well as the etruscans.
The only specific example coming to mind of this would be Cannae, where the roman cavalry was entirely outmatched and eliminated from the equation, contributing quite a bit to get the outcome we got.
Also the information about how pila were employed was a little off the mark. The shank of the pilum bent due to the hard tip, it's softness, length, and momentum when thrown and hitting it's target. The added bonuses were that an enemy often could not throw it back and if impaled in a shield would render the shield useless.
I agree, I put some sources to support some of your point in this comment: ruclips.net/video/UIRS_PMeVVY/видео.html&lc=UgxIG_ukRbpZlL7xO6N4AaABAg
10:25 Cavalryman in the right bottom corner falls off his horse, then glitches back onto it.
That's just Legolas, he's like that.
@@CogitoEdu hahaha good one :)
a mere ruse, to confuse the enemy
@@Enrico_Palazzo_opera_singer All warfare is based on deception. -Sun Tzu
*Gets knocked off horse only to float back up onto it*
"Nice try, you made me use 10% of my power!"
I like how Marius equipped his soldiers with Kings and Generals t-shirts 9:12. The most underrated reform.
Marian reforms is a classic example of revolutionary military thinking. Great video.
Revolutionary? In Rome? Hardly. More like someone with his back to the wall needing to recruit soldiers which he could not according to the old property lots. As to the organisation, it was just common sense. Have you ever been at work in an organisation that is loaded with half-arsed managers who think they know loads but you, as a practical person knowing what is wrong, because you have to function within its limits on a daily basis, given the power, would reform in a blink. For example you might easily notice that your company is top-heavy and it is not a bunch of managers straight out of educational establishments that you need more of, but better delivery systems which are crying for common sense reforms. And all workers in your position would know it because they would be swearing about it every day of each week. Then, the company is taken over by a rival, three quarters of the managers end being fired and the delivery system is revamped and you say to yourself: I could have done that myself, so obvious. That is what Marius did, the obvious.
From Barbaric Warbands to Greek style Hoplites, from Greek style Hoplites to Camillius style Legions, from Camillius style Legions to Marian Style Legions. The Roman army are somewhat similar to the German armies since 18th century until 20th century, they take what ever is necessary from the neighbours in order to evolve to counter the threats. Necessities is the mother of all inventions.
（窮則變、變則通）
Grand Moff Tarkin, the Romans combined versatility and adaptability with robust training.
and the heavy cavalry cataphracts from the persians in the late roman and byzantine army . romans adapted to any new developement , this is why they last form 2200 years from romulus to constantin paleologos
And we germans laugh about whole europe xD Man you are all poor as fuck
@@Messiah114 Why? The Germans had a highly efficient Military since the Prussian Reforms after they got defeated by Napoleon. They were masters of logistic, thank to the railroads (like the Roman Roads), this was the reason why they won the Franco-Prussian War. If you compare Romes Army to one Nation then its Germany or Prussia. There was no Army which could match the Discipline or efficiency of the Roman Army except the Prussian German Army.
@@mich722 Were are you from?
Marian was also the uncle of Julius Caesar and fought in Africa against the Numidians.Historians often forget to mention that this helped Caesar defeat the Pompeian army in 47 B.E. in Africa because many cities still had strong feelings for Marian's family. Eventually, the army of Cato would be defeated and one year later, after a brief fight in Hispania against Gnaius Pompeius (the son of), the civil war was over...
Thats so cool, I just finished watching Historia Civilis' video on this.
Belonging to MARIUS (the man), therefore MARIAN. Thus the reforms of MARIUS are called MARIAN. The man himself is always called MARIUS and never MARIAN.
Marius was a military genius.His reforms basically converted a citizen army into a frightening,fully professional killing machine.
Was often referred to as "the third founder of Rome."
His actions during the Cimbrian War proved his talent.
The first and second being Romulus and Remus?
Feynstein 100 Romulus, and Junius Brutus, founder of the Republic, who ended the much earlier kingships.
@James Njuguna Ah okay. Thanks for the info.
Feynstein 100 I’m just messing with you... yes Romulus and Remus, and then Marius. People forget Brutus, but I count him over Remus.
When you talked about the logistics of the legion and why so many non-combatants were needed. It reminded me of a War College saying. “A mobile and offensive fighting force can only maintain its offensive status only if the the 3 B’s are maintained. The 3 B’s are Beans, bullets and Bandages.
Napoleon: An army marches on its stomach.
This is a particularly good balanced presentation of the profound changes the Marian reforms worked to the previous organizations.
For anyone interested,the novels of Colleen McCullough are the first I have read that really make the lives of Marius, Sulla, Caesar and others come alive. Historical novels that use Caesar as a character are a dime a dozen.
Usually wooden or 1 dimensional. Not hers. A good adjunct to this.
Well done.I like the stuff you put out. Cheers.
Currently reading Storm Before the Storm by Mike Duncan, and it's cool that both of you give credit to other Roman officers who were also reorganizing the army alongside Marius.
Absolutely brilliant, very well done K&G, the most underrated channel on youtube!
Thank you :)
Hello! It’s a me Mariu!
shit that's good
Hellooooo back!! It's enoooooooo!
Thank you. This is the first step in a series of events in Western History I enjoy very much. Marius, Sulla, Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Marc Anthony and finaly Augustus. I enjoy the high quality of the things you make.
I literally retained 90% of this information. This is how courses should be formatted.
Without the mistakes of course, of which there are several in this presentation. Not howlers, but mistakes nevertheless.
The irony that you used post-Marian soldiers wearing Lorica Segmentata to portray pre-Marian soldiers.
Ya and it wasnt used very widely either.
Bronx Bull What? No they didn’t the only time they showed pre-reform soldiers were the small bit on the 3 old classes. While it is still too early for segmentata it was used at the end of the first century BCE.
Have never heard of this channel before. Really enjoyed the video and the historical knowledge I never learned at school. I subbed
The reforms were a product of a declining recruitment pool because previous roman conquests had flooded the republic with slaves, therefore cheap labour and rich romans bought uncompetitive, bankrupt small farms and consolidated them in estates in order to make latifundia and land reform and land ownership was in steady decline. This resulted in masses of landless people and Marius was smart enough to realize that a standarized military unit with supplied equipment could be arranged using those people as manpower by quite an affordable amount since cheap slave labour and it was expected that soldiers would loot for themselves, with part going to the state, recouping some losses.
A side note is since legionnaries were granted farmland plots in conquered territories, it helped to romanize conquests faster and garrisoned those lands with a caste of settler-soldiers, quite similar to the macedonian practice.
On the less bright side, since the Senate never consolidated its power over the new standing army as an extension of the state in part due to the decentralized nature of the Roman Republic/Empire and they fought more for a sense of profit that of loyalty or defense of their own property, the decline and fall of Rome is indirectly a product of such reforms, in which frequent civil strife and wars were common.
Quite correct apart from the use of the word legioNNaires (incorrect). The right word is legioNaires with a single N. The reasons for the Decline and Fall are far more varied than simply civil wars and the erosion of manpower or lack of loyalty to the state, in this case, Rome. In fact I neither see it as a decline nor a fall. Societies flex and wane and over periods running into centuries fundamental changes are bound to happen. One of the fundamental problems that Rome never solved was succession. Also, empires of the Roman extent tend to be ungovernable also because of the time and distance factor. That classical Rome lasted so cohesively and so long through so many challenges attests to not only the intellectual formamentis of these men but their ability to project it over their environment and against incredible odds.
The Rome: Total War players coming in to see why the fuck they’re getting a notification about Marius changing their army for no reason
This channel is pure gold. I just let the videos roll one after another. Fascinating stuff.
Thank you very much :-)
Yeah another Romans videos again 🤓
Gonna be lots of Roman stuff within next couple of months.
@@KingsandGenerals Nice, can't wait to see them all, keep up the good work mate :)
@acevitamin Never enough Greece/Byzantium is what I say ;-)
Romans are overrated
@@MizanQistina Gee, they only conquered a massive empire that would last over a thousand years. Sure sound overrated to me lol.
Caesar is not only a *tactical genius* but also a *political master.* The entire time he was wining battle after battle in Gaul, *which btw he would hold the world record of pitched battles fought until Napoleon,* he was also out maneuvering his political enemies such as Cato the younger who are also brilliant.
Caesar is a good candidate for the title of *genius* because in both aspects of life, *combat and political* he dominated his enemies. *Very few people have ever done this.* Not even Alexander can claim this.
Scipio Africanus was a better general and politician than Caesar. Though Caesar's life was cut short so we don't know what he would have done, had he lived longer.
Caesar was the best in the ancient world
It's hard to say who was “the best“. There are a lot of generals and rulers who never lost a battle but they are not so popular or accounts of their briliance is not recorded in details as is Ceasers or Alexanders. Plus military history tends to be eurocentric. There are lot of arabian, turkish, indian and chinese generals who could be nominated as ““goat“ of battlefield and govermant.
@@ThePanosassasin Oh the contrary I have and *Alexander fought only a handful of big battles* he had more skirmishes then large battles fought. I smell butthurt
@@mrtokyofrank *Pure conjecture on your part.* History disagrees and why Caesar is considered *one of the greatest generals of all time.* This only furthers my point that Caesar is far above his rivals as he also out played his *very abstinent and down right hostile political enemies.* Which those said enemies called themselves the boni "good men". Scipio was a good general calling him anymore than is just pure speculation.
This channel is such an inspiration for ours in terms of quality and consistency :)
*desire to purge gauls intensifies*
Alright calm down, Macron...
AVE GALLIA
Down with Macron.
@Dalton K It was just a silly joke. Some time ago Macron made some comment about 'stupid gauls', referring to a portion of the French people he doesn't like.
@Dalton K Because Marcon is an anti France puppet
cringe
I have marathoned a lot of your content.
Brilliant stuff!
Thank you!
Fun fact, Marius is still a popular name in Romania.
Stands to reason. The grandfather of my first wife, who was Romanian was called OCTAVIAN, same as the first emperor of Rome.
This video presents these changes so clearly and simply that it is very easy to understand. Thank you for creating this video, I have learned some very valuable information.
Thanks for watching!
This is making me want to reinstall Rome - Total War.
>install
Imagine deleting in the first place
It's always a delight to see a new video from you....
Have a good week....
Same to you, my friend!
Elitist Attitudes have been the bane of many societies throughout History. Imagine if in 1775 the Colonies only allowed men of means to fight the British. The British were composed of impressed and poor in Rank and file and the men of means bought their commissions. If a poor man can dream of upward mobility you have a motivated soldier.
The shank of the pilum bent due to the hard tip, it's softness, length, and momentum when thrown and hitting it's target. The added bonuses were that an enemy often could not throw it back and if impaled in a shield would render the shield useless.
Not only that, after a successful battle, damaged Pili would be collected, given to the Legion's blacksmith, who would reforge the Iron tips, and re-attach the Shaft. Same thing with Arrows.
Recyclable weapon...
By the way, its Legionary ( Legionarius) not French Legionnaire, a 19th cent Derivation of 1831.
Correct except for the word IT'S. Little language lesson to get rid of your bad habit: ITS (belongs to it), IT'S (it is). So, ITS target, not it's target.
Having watched tens of your videos of wars & military tactics thought me one scary thing. Our primal need for conquering territory will probably never end. We will probably never grow out of this phase
The hope is that we are better now.
@@KingsandGenerals That is true though. By the way keep up the good work, i'm loving these!
War. War never changes.
@@absentiambient Actually we are growing out of it right now. Only the 24h Newscycle makes it appear if more wars are happening. When in reality it is less.
@@MithridatesOfficial Except that it *is* ending by any worthwile statistic.
I guess you might also be on about that old "Population explosion" theory? Because that one has been prooven wrong too in the last decades: ruclips.net/video/QsBT5EQt348/видео.html
" The soldiers became conditioned by their heavy loads"
- Kings and Generals, 2018
@@S0nyToprano You must be fun at parties.
@@S0nyToprano Jesus Christ you wet blanket ass losers are pathetic
@Kings and Generals May I suggest you longer pauses between the sections of your videos? For example, between the summary at the beginning and main narration, or just before the sponsor. It really helps with the flow, in my opinion.
Your channel is indubitably the greatest
Proletarians of the world unite!
Marius-105BC
Absolutely love these videos. Short, sweet and to the point.
Yes! Proper Latin pronunciation! I subscribed as soon as I heard it! Great video anyway!
Thanks and welcome aboard!
Hugo Vieira da Silva Is it really? ...maybe you should have another listen.. or clean out your ears?..
فيديو بمحتوى رائع ، شكرا
A great video about many aspects of the Marian reforms: tactics logistics personal... even political consequences.
The army began to dominate the state rather than the state dominating the army ( the terrible legacy of the Marian reforms)
@@guzelataroach4450 Yes lots of roman ruins are still in perfect shape.
You can visit lots of sites, tebessa soug ahras, timgad, djemila, tipaza, mdouroch.
I am from tebessa by the way, we still have the Roman walls, the gate of caracalla, the temple, the olive oil production unit, the amphitheatre....
5:01 The Minotaur did the whip before us.
That moment you unlock it in Rome Total War.
> Martian reforms and their military effects
I was dead certain this was an Expanse lore video
Expanse! I need to read new books.
Cant describe how much i love this channel
Thank you!
Says the mongol lol
Absolutely loving these videos!
Is there any chance that your channel will be doing any of the following battles/wars?
• Japanese invasion of Korea (1592)
• Battle of Tours (732)
• Battle of Carrhae (53 BC)
• Siege of Szigetvar (1566)
• Battle of Ankara (1402)
Any of these would be incredible. Keep up the great work!
You have the absolute perfect voice for this .
Well, now I know I have to disband all Vellites from my armies in Rome II - Total War campaign after Marius reforms.
great video
Looking forward to _Decline of the Roman Legion_ , for that is a topic I am least informed about. It occured so gradually that its hard to perceive
Thank you!
Hell yeah, been waiting for this video. I loves me some Marius.
More on the way!
Romam Imperialism System next please, even if its only a 5 minute bonus extension video to this! Look at me trying to widdle out a few extra minutes!!! Thanks for the videos fellas, these videos are so good they make me wanna play Total War. These videos and Devin's NLP. Devin's latest, "Wings of Eden," is brilliant! Thx again!
Gotta say, Marius was a pretty cool... *GAIUS*
I'm leaving now
Was waiting for this video since the video about the Cimbrian war.
With well developed military organization and standardization, crossbowmen would have really fitted into roman legions.
Imagine legions with crossbowmen, tightly packed, it would be a terrible enemy to deal with.
Almost no weaknesses and nice counter to the later faced parthian horse-archers.
In general, the Romans weren't big fans of the missile units, which is interesting. I wonder if it was a cultural thing.
The Chinese Tang Army was equipped with Xbow and Archery behind shield infantry. In fact, every soldier was armed with 2 weapons, a long weapon as well as missile weapon. For a standard army size of 14000 strong, 2000 men would be armed with Xbow and spear, another 2200 with Bow and spear, 2900 with shield and 4000 calvary typically with spear and Bow. One such army lost to the Arabs at battle of Talas after some of the Chinese allies flipped side.
Love ❤️ this channel 👍🏾
Do you still have access to the sources used for this video? I'm doing a school project and found your video very useful, though I need the source names or links before I can use it.
I love seeing how solutions to current problems lead to tomorrow's problems, the more needed reforms & less seen drawbacks, the better.
Yes they almost always do. You are single and cannot be happy with your singlehood and decide to marry at which point you may really start to discover how fortunate you had been. But let us say you were not so unlucky and for the most part the relationship worked and then you finally retired from work and decided to buy some nice place abroad and you just love France and are a student of military history or simply love to read history especially WW2 and would prefer to find a chateau in Normandy which would be cheaper than in the south of France. But the wife prefers the warmer weather of the south. Love and life are full of compromises, especially bad ones. So, be wary what you wish for.
Really enjoyable historical information. Clearly outlined. Well made. Thank you.
Supplied by the State but paid by the Generals;way to go Mr Gaius Marius and I certainly won"t be buying any T shirts with your face on them!
Love the Total War audio in these videos.
You should do a video on the Mali empire.
8:13 Apparently the bending of the shank was not an intended effect; lifting a big heavy shield with a bigger heavier pila would be futile in battle regardless of whether it bent.
But it could still be removed and used against them. So…
@@LuisBrito-ly1ko ...not with nearly enough ease or convenience for a real battlefield situation.
Say you're a Gaulic soldier who just had a pila thrown at you by a rapidly advancing Roman ~10 meters in front of you. Do you really think enemy soldiers would give you the time to drop your shield, figure out how to unstick the possibly barbed spear poking out of it without bending it, then grab your shield again and the pila this time, ready, and throw, all while not being trampled by the thousands of men behind you?
Battlefields are not a friendly or permissive place my friend.
@@WynnofThule
The point of the Pilum is not barbed. Besides, that’s only if the Pilum penetrates the Shield. If it only gets partially stuck, it can be removed easily.
Besides, there’s also the pila that ended up in the ground that could be used against them as well. And it already happened, which is why they modified it later on.
@@LuisBrito-ly1ko I didn't know a better word for a spear that goes in way easier than it comes out as if it were barbed, but now I remember the word pyramidal is a thing. Still nets you the same effect, shield or ground.
@@WynnofThule
It comes out fairly easy from the ground, as proven by modern experiments. But I guess the issue here is how people imagine things.
Battles can end up in a stalemate or last several days. During those pauses, there’s absolutely enough time to pick up scattered pila and remove them from shields.
Greatest history channel ever.
Thank you!
Amazing documentary! I had a presentation about this topic 2 days ago. Nice coincidence :) I am happy with that.
Thank you for watching :)
These animated video's are The Bomb !
I find ancient history, complete with great battles , fascinating...
Marius, pulled the Roman Army together and he was able to create a STANDING ROMAN ARMY.
Keeping order and loyalty among all the Roman provinces to Rome was a challenging task for the army of Rome.
I give much props to Roman Leadership. When your empire spans many continents, shit gets difficult. So, The Roman's utilized sophisticated organization to overcome these challenges.
The Roman Army goes down in history as one the most skilled and most powerful army the ancient world has ever known... The End !!!
Videos, not video"s - Videos is plural of video. Video"s means belongs to a video.
Requiring soldiers to be property owners was pretty smart before it became impractical. Owning land prevented the soldiers from abandoning or going rogue and gave them something for them to fight hard for.
Marius is so cool he saw an eagle with 7 clutches in a nest and was predicted to be consul 7 times, which happened
Romes early ideas just seem insane, having a property requirement and disbanding after campaign???
In many ancient societies to fight was a privilege only the citizens had, and they had to pay for their equipment, and obviously they had to mind their own busuiness when they were not fighting. It was like that for both the classical Greeks, the Gauls and the Germans.
Rome had a mass citizen populace and which theoretically could be called up into action and any society has to be careful about arming slaves, however this property requirement seems absent from Greece, Persia or Egypt as far as I know the only restriction I'm aware of is that there was a certain "warrior class" which I feel makes some sense as it would ensure they were taught in the ways of honor and self sacrifice and had an honor they needed to defend perhaps?
but property just seems like a weird requirement
@@64standardtrickyness The census worked in Sparta for example. You needed a certain income to be a full citizen and serve as an hoplite (and worse, the only way a Spartan could earn money was through land possession). The fact that the soldiers had to arm themself (and an hoplite panoplia was expensive) worked as a practical barrier in other cities.
Mind that, in the early days of Rome, only patricians were full citizens and only patricians fought. The admissions of plebeians to the army came with the war with Veius, excluding only the poorers of them (there were 8 classes of census, two for aristocrats, patricians and equites, and six for plebeians. Only the last class was excluded, while the class immediately above fought as velites, since the light equipment of the velites was all that they could afford).
@@nottoday3817 1. there was a quite rigid division between soldiers and commanders. An ordinary citizen could became a centurion ar most, while to be a tribune was part of the cursus honorum, so they came from the senatorial class (patricians or rich plebeians).
I assume people didn't PAY money to fight wars so the property requirement just seems very short sighted, wouldn't it be better for the state to at least give prospective soldiers a loan instead?
@Neutron Alchemist I'm not sure what you mean by "The census worked in Sparta" my understanding was that sparta was a hereditary military class (although helots were occasionally armed? idk) but basically all spartan citizens were provided with their equipment while helots were forbidden to own arms
Marius was an uncle to Caesar. According to Plutarch, as a kid , once Marius found seven eggs of vulture in a nest. This event is itself rare, as vultures are not known to produce so many eggs at one time. However, these seven eggs denoted seven consulships of Marius. Vulture denoted, the blessings of Jupiter as a vulture is the favourite bird of this mighty god. Good video. Congrats
Sulla was also an uncle of caesar.
If you haven't yet you should do a full video on the causes and events of the Sulla-Marius civil wars
haha
Since Pak government is not very rich, Pak army runs all sorts of businesses to partly fund the army. (like shopping malls on free land of bases closer to highway or in cities, farmlands of Chamb captured from India in 1971 war, schools that have better education standards and discipline than corrupt government ones etc etc)
Maybe that is why troops are more loyal to their generals than politicians.
Also, all generals come from poor-middle class men. And politicians are mostly aristocrat or old feudal lords etc.
yeah. but the roman army launched several successful wars of conquest, our army does not have one successful offensive to talk about.
@@shehryarashraf5840 very true
Woah! I ran into you again. Looks like we have similar tastes when it comes to you tube channels 😉
Hooray! I love this topic! Can't wait.
Thank you for watching.
Absolutely love the video. A question: how was the pilum effectively different from the old two nail version. Wasn't its purpose always to become useless and encumber the foe?
Great video like always
Gaius Marius, and underrated figure in Roman history.
Really love these informative videos!
More on the way!
Thoroughly enjoyed
12:07 PM 10/27/2020 Didnt watch the video. I talked about this out loud the other day wasnt for sure if people hear me talking or not. I was talking about how each Legion is unique in a certain way. All the legions have organization from Rome but each one is based out in a different part of Europe with a different culture so you will see something different with unit history and performance. I think this is cool when you are looking down on this. In a civil war how would you distinguish whos who in battle? All of them have the shield and gladius and equipment but Im pretty sure the shields had different symbols on it for each legion kind of like how it was with medieval knights. For example a Legion in Spain at war with a Legion from Germania you could tell the difference. Germania Legion had German culture in it and Spanish Legion did the same with Spanish culture.
was waiting for this! farken awesome
Thanks!
Great Video!
I really think that Marius and Sulla, if indeed the reforms come from the Cimbrian War, represent the fact that the "Great People" of history can be both great, and simultaneously, an unmitigated disaster for the history of their realm. "Great and terrible" as the expression goes. No contesting Marius' military skill, and the importance of his achievements, but he was rapacious, self serving and entirely disdainful of the law. And in the end, he unashamedly built up a system that 'bred' these traits into the society of Rome (more than was already present).
Love the details! Merry Christmas!
Marius did not breed those traits. Those traits produced people such as Marius. So it's the other way around. As to 'great' that is what men call other men for their own reasons, like ancient Romans were mesmerised by Pompeius and called him Magnus (great), Caesar's contemporary. One Indian guru I know, calls Alexander the Great Idiot. And let me tell you, the guru is not at all wrong.
@@sincerelyjhing5730 this is all based on? I never said Marius was the origin of the traits. I said Marius' reforms encouraged these traits within Roman society. It created a system of soldiers that would allow individuals like Sulla, Caesar, Pompey, Antony and Augustus to dismantle the Republic.
And you entirely missed the point of what i said about greatness.
Well done.
Excellent job,I love your videos, but The Roman ones are my favorite
Thanks for watching!
Fabulous! 🙏🏼👏🏼
very awesome video.
Keep up the good work!
`You guys must also be looking forward to Imperator Rome. Can't stress this enough but these video's brighten my day, they are so well made! keep up the good work love this channel
In the italian anthem we sing "stringiamci a coorte, siam pronti alla morte l'Italia chiamò" which can be traslated with "let us join in a cohort, we are ready to die Italy has called".
Great video, great job! But Russian subtitles are not very high quality.
The cohort Was commanded by the Primus Pilus ( Senior Centurion )
>be me last night
>drinking w/ friends
>sees Kings and Generals notif
>"Hold my beer, watch this"
Good :-)
*Thanks Uncle Marius*
Gaius really did lay the foundation, at least militarily, for what the Roman empire would be built upon.
Can you make a video about the Numidian wars against the Romans, (Jugurtha wars & takfarinas wars etc.....)
Thanks from algeria 👍❤
Great video! Please put a primary source reference list up... With Balearic slingers I know you have one.
Great work, thanks for sharing...
Great video. Only critique: too early for segmentata
FREAKING LOVE THE VIDEOS!