Water Is Thicker When You’re Smaller
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- Опубликовано: 6 сен 2024
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That bacterium at 7:20 was I think the biggest one we found. They create giants before cell division and mesmerizing to watch!
-James
Thank you! Also, very interesting video! 😊
Hello! I have a question about the Spirochaete at 7:20, is that a chain of daughter Spirochaetes? Thanks a lot for your enlightening videos.
@@someshwari_debi That’s a single individual, not a colony. :)
I was amazed to see just how fast the "tail" was moving in the last clip... while slowed down 500x! 🤯😱
You do a great job capturing great shots for us; thank you!
@@KY_CPA I think it's slowed down to 500% meaning 5x slower.
Fluid mechanics is cool as long as you don't actually do any math.
So true
Then it becomes cooler (but your head explodes).
You will oneday realize you need maths.
It's cool with the math.
Maths is cool as long as you don't do any fluid mechanics.
Something interesting about viscous fluids -- when the Reynolds number is low enough, reciprocal (reversible) motion doesn't work. If you try to push yourself forwards with your arms, you'll just pull yourself back when you bring them back up. So microbes have to come up with time-chiral ways of motion, usually ones that involve spirals or alternating patterns and such.
So butterfly stroke then
@@juniormynos9457 Butterfly still has a recovery...
in the case of spiraling bacteria, since the viscosity is so dominant, could their motion be considered more similar to a screw pulling itself into wood than to propulsion?
@chu Harry That only works along the surface of a fluid
The viscosity of the water at that scale is also why flippers/fins aren't seen in the microbial world.
Spore lied to me!
i'll show you my fin you'll see, size dont matter.
What abtu filpoer the dolphin genus
@@wongelfski4681 Your comment is a case study in poetic irony.
@@ansemvanverte This is just my layman's guess, but I think what we see in the slide is not indicative of the day-to-day lives of tardigrades. I'm thinking that they usually have more stuff to hold onto.
Wow, I'm a Mechanical Engineer with 11 years experience, took thermofluids, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics - THIS IS THE BEST EXPLANATION OF REYNOLDS' NUMBERS THAT I'VE EVER HEARD!
i keep reading comments like this on 10-30 minute videos of all kinds of different topics "i studied this for 10 years and this video sums it up better than i learned in 3 years of studying" and other versions of this comment .....
.... seriously makes me wonder how much academic studies actually is worth ....
@@thekito4623 l'm not quite sure mechanical engineering would be generally classified as 'academic'.
It's a practical qualification,like electrical engineering (in which my father is qualified and which he always said was a longer,more complex field of study than mechanical)
They both compare more to architecture, or training as a doctor or dentist.
Academic qualifications require writing a thesis,research into new areas of study,they are PHD's, or maybe MA's .
They are about learning what is already known about a subject,then trying to find out more about it though personal research and experimental work. Basically,expanding what science (or history,archaeology,etc all sciences in their own way)knows.
Mechanical engineers do things like supervise the building of roads,tunnel,power stations.
So yes,it is worth spending the time and effort studying/qualifying so you can do your job competently and safely.
Pays reasonably well too,and most companies give a decent pension 😁
I am become syrup, topological features of worlds
You win the day
Because your heart in your land resembles sweet like syrup?
Microfluidics is a really interesting field. You can get outrageous yield in microrreactors, but the mechanics of micro pipes are something else.
Are those outrageous yields at small scales how life is able to do anything? Most biological reactors seem pretty small to me.
@@abramthiessen8749 Life pretty much cheats having access to enzymes.
Ah yes when Reynold's number is
@@Kastor774 life cheats getting access to enzymes. That sounds really cool to me. Can you explain further please ?
@@ayushupadhyay801 In our scale, in order to speed up chemical reactions we use catalysts. Thing is, that even now, we're not absolutely sure how they work, we just make up some crap about activation energy.
Life uses enzymes that are so specific that they can cleave and merge molecules pinpoint, that's the point we want to reach with nanotechnology.
*It's not easy swimming smol, just trying to get around is an entire workout!*
There there
I love you
5:29 -
Bizarre things we see in the microscope world: A single-celled organism trying to eat a multi-celled organism!
That tartigrade said "b#%÷× I don't think so!!"
eukaryote trying to eat another eukaryote
This is all very mind blowing, but my question is: as you get smaller and smaller, at what point does the Brownian motion of the fluid begin to dominate the viscosity? I’m wondering specifically about small molecules floating around inside cells... haha and as long as I’m on the train of thought, would also be interesting to peek inside the internal structure of a thermophile
There's a really good educational paper about this, actually! I think it's called Life at Low Reynolds Number or something like that, and they mention how important diffusion is for bacteria.
a52Productions reading it now, thanks for the suggestion!
@@a52productions Yes, there is a lot on this subject. This is a very good reference. :-)
The way I perceive it, is that the smaller you get, to a point of being on a scale where atoms, both positive and negative attract other atoms to each or repel each other which in turn, has an effect on the environment. In that environment, it would have to be like wading through stirrup because the micrscopic organism would have to be subjected to greater forces of atom attraction/repulsion.
I could be wrong but, that's how I see it, until I can read some proper papers on the subject.
“Sometimes the syrup is water, and sometimes the syrup is you” ~Hank Green
Hank stop it's maple syrup just shut up and eat your pancakes! 🤦♂️🤣
We're 70% syrup.
I just made the same comment hahaha
And daddy's thirsty
Char
5:30 "Single-celled organism tries to eat a tardigrade"
Are you kidding me? You tried to eat to the John Wick of the cell world!?!?!?!
"Fluid dynamics ahead"
Students: *COLLEGE PTSD FLASHBACK.*
Uhhhh ok ok what is B-Bernouli again??
Fluid dynamics is the most difficult, mathematically defined, classical physics subject. From the prevalence of wind tunnels, it's clear that applications of fluid dynamics is still a very much of a "cut and try" science, just as biology and geology are.
Post traumatic *D O W N S Y N D R O M E*
College...lucky ...in uganda we do fluid mechanics in HIGHSCHOOL...FUCKING HIGHCCHOOLL
This is one of my favourite science concepts. Purcell's paper 'Life at low reynolds number' is absolutely amazing
Yes, even from 1976 it's still good. "The viscosities have a big range but they stop at the same place. I don't understand that." I'm guessing that it's that liquids can change smoothly to gasses. Consider a phase diagram of a liquid/gas. The liquid/gas transition line ENDS at a POINT. At that unique P,T,density, there is no longer a difference between liquids and gasses. I have always found that fascinating. If you have any information about this subject, I will eagerly read your reply. Ed
I was binge watching this channel and now a new video appears. Service 100%
The word Microscosmos hits you very differently when you suddenly realize the absolute minboggling amonts of space the bacteria are working with. It quite literally is another world.. wow
All this DIC footage is incredible!!!
Lol no channel is safe from these jokes
Nobody:... Me: “DIC???!?????”
I don’t know why I like this series. It’s just so relaxing to look at.
And listen to!
@@PeterVJaspersFayer Yes. With Hank's ASMR voice!
As an aerospace engineer, this is probably my favourite episode so far. I hope you make more videos about microcosmos propulsion!
Oh, that smooth, buttery 4k60fps... thank you so much!
2:07 aww he's trotting :D
It’s so cute !!
Thanks for thoroughly creeping us out with the spirochaete ending.
I wish this channel would dig much deeper into the science
This was a particularly well explained episode.
4:25: I just love the way that broad-tailed blue-colored snake thing moves.
Love the content, it would be great to see some creatures from sea water, there is whole other world out there :)
Good idea!
Yeah thumbs up!!!
Yeah definitely 🤘🏻
1:37 - it looks like flying eggs
"Sometimes the syrup is water, and sometimes it's you!" 😆
Is moving 30 picometers a second really "fast"? Or are they actually moving slowly and the zoom factor to a full screen is what makes it seem fast?
Do you mean micrometers? Because picometers are absurdly small, like smaller than atoms.
I thought so too, but relative to their size it's actually quite fast
@@67tedward oops yes haha
And that's why doing miniatures in movies involving water is so hard... water doesn't scale.
That and fireworks. Sink the Bismarck comes to mind.
Same problem doing scale RC aircraft - you always have to enlarge the tail to get it to fly
@@ThisFinalHandle I know you mean the movie, but the song always springs to mind first
4:56 Heteronema looks a lot like lacrymaria to me. Guess you gotta do a Heteronema video!
6:25 Was on the edge of my seat waiting for that thing to topple over
"If a man does not have sauce, then he is lost. But the same man can get lost in the sauce."- Gucci Mane
Words to live by
02:15 The Milnesium might be tied with tardigrades! That thing is adorable; why haven't we seen more of them?!
We need a whole video just to learn about these little ones!! 😍🤩🤏
That Arthrospira around 06:30 is mesmerising. Right-hand thread, I guess they all are probably. Even the Australians.
I love what you said "but for microbes it is just home"
7:57 little elefant spirochete
1:44
Hank [Intellectual monologue]
Me: "Hurr hurr, fried eggs go whizz"
Yay!
rotifers be like [kirby inhaling sound]
*Got it- I'll just bathe myself in water and become resistant to coronavirus :)*
To be fair, I bet the virus can't pass on through water 🤷♂️ you might be on to something there
As everyone knows (I thought, but apparently not based on your comment) it infects via the lungs. So good luck with having water in your lungs. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Sounds like fun💙
Imagining syphilis as a tiny corkscrew worming its way through my blood somehow made the concept of syphilis worse.
Realizing how big protist cells are when you see that one trying to eat a tardigrade which, if I recall correctly, are comprised of about 2000 cells and here this single-celled protist is larger than the tardigrade!
Glad to know I'm Home.
Sometimes it’s syrup. . . sometimes it’s you ! Yikes ! Sounds like a line in a horror movie trailer. Haha. Love it !
I love it that Microcosmos is becoming more frequent in its posts!
Reynold's Number....I have just learned something!!! Never too old!.......
Narration worthy of a major award on its own 🙂
The arthrospira at 6:10? Amazing
Came here from the scishow ep about big cells, and I'm so excited about this channel! Huang and Green are a good team. :)
this video is so interesting. I was wondering why syrup seemed so fluid when I put it in a large container but then its viscosity went through the roof when I poured it into a spoon. This video helped me realize that the scale matters
It may also be thixotropic.
Like ketchup or emulsion ceiling paint, the more you agitate it, the more liquid it becomes.
the milnesium crawling upwards is so bloody cute
Kind of like the reciprocal of the speed of light. Thanks for the video!
Oo! Seeing the slowed down footage made me think, you guys could set up a proper slow motion camera to look at microbes with flagella! It would be really cool to see those tiny little hairs moving in a more perceptible way in really high resolution and framerate.
Dayum I feel so lucky to find this channel today.
I have been interested in footages of microscopic world, no doubt that there are plenty of videos about these microscopic organisms uploaded by institutions which show, the footage but hardly explain anything about it.
Thanks for sharing this stuff with the world!
+1 sub from me
Thank you james
Excellent presentation and great voice
This in my opinion would lend itself well to a superhero with the proportional powers of a human-sized microbe.
Imagine a guy who looks like an Amoeba just casual walking through a wall or ignoring a moderate ocean current.
the most soothing voice on youtube.
wait till i tell my homie whats in that syrupp.
ayo
Especially excellent photography this episode---- absolutely mesmerizing...
Such an underrated channel. Thank you for this amazing content
Yes
Wow! It’s really difficult to get bacteria to show up clearly in light microscopes! I’m really impressed by the footage of the spirochete toward the end of the video.
One of these days this channel is gonna drive me to impulse buying a microscope, and it's gonna be AWESOME.
Love One Another God Bless Everyone
Slowed down 500%? Wouldn't slowing something by 100% make it... stop? Do they maybe mean slowed down by 80%?
I was looking for this question. I believe slowing down 100% is stop. 50% is half speed.. slowing down by 500%... I don’t know what this is supposed to mean.
@@theniha Maybe it's negative speed, which will lead us to discover negative energy required to build warp drive! [I wish...]
Just commenting to see the answer
My guess is the intended meaning was slowed down by a factor of five.
A literal but certainly unintended interpretation would be going backwards 4 times as fast the normal forward motion.
Crayfish walk forward slowly. If they are startled they rapidly fold up their tails in a way that squeezes out a jet of water propelling them backwards very quickly. If we use the convention that their typical walking speed is 100%, and slowing down by 100% is stopping, slowing down 200% would be walking backwards, a crayfish escape maneuver would be slowing down by 2000%.
@@theniha conversion of terms:
20% speed
=500% slowed down.
=500% time take
=[Some say that is 400% more slow or some addition, but this is confusing when not really a quantity]
Different thing, he did a percent of an action, a function. Not a percent of a property.
2:00 *he strollin*
although i don't know how possible it would be, i'd love to see an episode about fairy wasps and how their wings and flight mechanisms have adapted to the micro scale. for those who don't know, fairy wasps can be smaller than some amoebas.
@2:15 so cute watching it walk upside down to the macroscope.
6:59 the photobombing ciliate tho
Bacteria at 6:37:
*weeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE*
Could the viscosity of honey account for some of its antiseptic properties then? If water is thick when you're small, honey must be like tar to microbes.
Those little dudes sure are fast! Pretty cool!
Spirochete has figured out how to harness the spiral force
The RYAN reynolds number.
... _fixed that for you_ 😃
When i saw the milnesium a 2:00 I audibly gasped. I LOVE TARDIGRADES!
In the context of microbes swimming in a slide, should we also account for a( the decreased height and/or b) the pressure of the top of the slide? Are there techniques in microscopy to image the goings-on in a droplet, to confirm the reasonable applicability of observations on a slide? Or is the vertical compression of the environment negligible in comparison to microbe sizes?
The slide does exert a pressure on the water. For the cell, it just feels like it is deeper in the fluid. I haven't seen any data that cells can detect that pressure as water is almost incompressible. Now, I'd just love for you to prove me wrong. That would be a great discovery.
Subscribed. This is so hypnotic
spirochetes are enchanting.
Wow! If only my high school science teacher had made it this interesting. Amazing. Thank you
Journey to the Microcosmos
-awesome
I knew from the title that this episode was about fluid dynamics. And it was obvious that smaller creatures experienced greater viscosity. However, I didn't think bigger, as with the whale. And I didn't connect movement with the Reynolds number. And it's clear that the Reynolds number connection is as important as you describe. Also, the connection with microcosmos locomotive organs is very insightful. The differing kinds of locomotive organs is also very great and not predictable to our limited experience as humans. Specifically, the difference of cilia and animal legs is as large as the scale differences. Legs work very well at the interface of a solid, low Reynolds, and the tenuous air with very high Reynolds numbers. As Feynman pointed out, all of that IS in the equations of fluid dynamics, but we have just the smallest glimpse of the solutions of the equations. (I know, Feynman wasn't speaking about specially about fluid dynamics, but rather differential equations in general and physics in particular.) I'm retired, but I can't help but wonder how my life would have been different if mathematics was used so much in other sciences than physics and math when I was young and choosing a career. Thank you for another very insightful program.
Had not watched the video yet, but wanted to say thank you for being awesome and keep up the fantastic work
Warning: Fluid dynamics ahead.
I felt that.
Muchas gracias.
wow 06:14 that spiral
Could you guys plz do a video on a range of recommended microscopes to buy for those of us that really want something good for home use.🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Hell I'll even just take a list of recommendations in a reply
Thanks for the episode~
it’s goodyou’re the brother with the cool youtube channel & not the one that got bullied off tumblr
i can't believe liquid dynamics uses the dennis system
Literally Hank could read a shampoo bottle and I would be transfixed... Love ya Hank!
sir... we need information of Nitrification bacteria activity...
please... 🙏🙏🙏
What about a video on ageing and lifespan duration?
If you could increase the bacterias Reynold number, would they be able to accelerate with each wiggle & go really fast?
Not sure why, but i like the concept of bacteria in water that turns super critical (maybe kinda related). I imagine they would all feel gravity for the first time & fall out of the fluid.
Superb 👏👏👏. Thank you 🙏
Thank You!
Can you make a video to show how microcosmos reacts to temperature, light, pressure, chemicals and synthetic materials please?
Well show. Good information.
Marvelous.