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The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is the most common method used by geotechnical engineers to quantitatively measure the relative density of soils. The data obtained by a SPT is used to estimate the strength and stiffness parameters for beating capacity and settlement analysis of foundations.
Geotechnical testing is done to investigate subsurface conditions and materials, determine the physical and chemical properties of the earth materials, evaluate slopes and soil deposits' stability, assess the risks posed by site conditions, design foundations, and monitor site conditions and foundation construction.
Geotechnical engineers perform a variety of tests to determine the properties of soil and rock, including in-situ and laboratory tests:
In-situ tests: These tests are performed in the field and include the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT). The SPT is performed at regular intervals during borehole drilling, while the CPT provides a continuous soil profile.
Laboratory tests: These tests include the Modulus of Elasticity & Poisson Ratio test, the Cerchar Abrasion Test, the Brazilian Tensile Strength Test, and the Proctor Density Test.
Soil compaction testing: This test is performed in the field or in a laboratory to verify that soil has been compacted as specified.
Classification and Index Property Tests: These tests determine soil properties.
Water content determination: This test determines the water content of soil.
Density-Void ratio determination: This test determines the density-void ratio of soil.
Atterberg Limits: This test determines the Atterberg Limits of soil.
Particle Size Distribution: This test determines the particle size distribution of soil.
Specific Gravity of soil solids: This test determines the specific gravity of soil solids.
The type and extent of geotechnical testing depends on the structure's type, size, and expected ground conditions.
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4 Types of geotechnical testing: What is the best option for you?
Vertek Team · April 8, 2021 ·
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Geotechnical testing is performed by geotechnical engineers, geotechnical technicians, or engineering geologists to understand the characteristics such as the physical properties that exist underneath a work site.
An essential part of the planning and constructing building and infrastructure projects (comprising various types of structures as a foundation, roads, bridges, excavation pit, land reclamation, beach nourishment, etc.) is the knowledge of the subsurface conditions.
The geotechnical investigation with its respective services shall be carried out. Their nature and extent depend on the structure’s type, the size of the structure, and the expected ground conditions.
#Geotechnical testing is conducted by site characterization, laboratory testing, and professional interpretation of data obtained to complete the design and construction of the site improvement.
Tests generally fall into 4 categories, test pits, trenching, boring and in situ testing.
Test Pits
Test pits are much like you would expect, a pit is dug either manually or with an excavator in order to reveal the subsurface conditions to the depth desired. Generally, this is for siting shallow foundations.
#Trenching
Trenching is similar to test pits except that in this case, the pit is elongated over some distance in order to establish how the subsurface conditions change over various parts of the worksite. This method allows for identification of different sedimentary changes over a longer distance.
A range of soil samplers can be used to extract test samples from these test pits for lab analysis and visual identification.
Boring
Borings, usually deployed by a drill rig and drill crew, can vary in diameter and provide the opportunity to assess density through standard penetration testing (SPT) to physically remove soil or rock samples for assessment and testing.
#Borings provide the advantage of assessing field density and letting you observe the actual materials extracted. Generally, soil samples from the above tests are taken to a lab where they are evaluated. Borings offer you the opportunity to set piezometers to assess groundwater table seasonal fluctuations.
In Situ Testing
In situ testing methods include penetration tests such as Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), which penetrate via drilling, percussion-based investigation techniques, sonic vibratory drilling methods, and various static direct push Cone Penetrometer Testing (CPT).