Parkinson's Disease and the Basal Ganglia
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- Опубликовано: 25 июн 2024
- Parkinson's Disease affects 1 out of 100 seniors, leading to debilitating motor problems that make life difficult for both the seniors and their caregivers. How does damage to the basal ganglia, an area of the brain, cause symptoms such as slowed movement, muscle rigidity, and resting tremors? Find out the reason and other information about Parkinson's Disease in this episode of Medicurio.
Medicurio's goal is to give the public a general understanding about the mechanism and symptoms of various diseases. Many of these diseases are so complex that it would take hours to explain, so these videos are definitely not completely comprehensive. Good websites to check out for those who want to learn more, or are interested in supporting organizations that fight Parkinson's:
Neuroscience Online discusses the direct and indirect pathways to a much greater detail than in this video. neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/ch...
Another treatment that wasn't covered in this video is Deep Brain Stimulation, which involves surgical insertion of an electronic device into the brain that can block certain brain signals that cause symptoms such as tremor. Learn more here: www.parkinson.org/understandin...
Nonprofits that support Parkinson's Disease:
Parkinson Canada: www.parkinson.ca
Michael J. Fox Foundation: www.michaeljfox.org/
National Parkinson Foundation: www.parkinson.org
Parkinson's Disease Foundation: www.pdf.org
...and many more! 
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This is literally the first video that really helped me understand the communication within the brain structures themselves. Currently studying for my physical therapy Parkinson’s semester. Thanks a lot!
A big thank you to everyone who watched my first video! I was pleasantly surprised at all the support I got from both the Reddit and RUclips community. Many of you have told me to get a better microphone, so hopefully this video's sound is an improvement from the last one. Once again, thanks everyone for the support!
It's cool to be one of the first subscribers to a youtube channel that's gonna be so good :)
Medicurio very informative!
This is the clearest explanation I have found - thank you! The "talking" basal ganglia and motor cortex were a nice touch.
This helped a lot for my pharmacology class!
Keep it up. I am loving this series.
TierZoo brought me here. Please keep up the good work :)
Super useful! My psych prof showed us this video today. There was a girl at the camp I worked at who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at age 8 or 9, really great to know more about it.
This was so clear and easy to keep up with, thank you so much!
You are life-saver! Finally I understand it! Thousand thanks to you!
the concept is presented in a very well organised and easy to understand manner. Great video
The animation was very good and the description was also very clear and to the point. Thanks!!
So well explained. Thanks!
I'm studying for a psychology test and this video really clarified many questions I had. Thank you so much for making it!
Really well explained! Thanks a lot and again really good video!
I discovered this channel very late, concise and sufficiently informative 👍
This video was amazing I am so glad, as a med student im about to watcht these videos all the time!!!!!
Thanks this was so helpful!
Excellent! Great patient teaching tool.
Again great explanation, keep it up man :)
You don't disappoint! Keep it up bud!
This a great video to understand Parkinson. Thank you.
Damn this is heaps good, the one i was exactly looking for! thank you so much and keep up the good work
Intuitive and clearly illustrated , thanks
Good video crystal clear explanation. Thanks
Dope videos man. keep up the good work
Thankyou really a very great and easy explanation !!! Congrats
u made it very simple..... thanks 😊
Great video, It would have been cool if you went into more detail about the Substantia Nigra!
Great video !
wow! great video, I understand this topic much better now!!!
Nicely done thank you so mutch
Thanks...Love from Berhampur, Odisha
Brilliant video, saved a lot time to read papers
Thanks 🙏
good explaination👍
yay for reddit, keep it up. last video was cool too
Well Done!
Dude, you sound exactly like Prismo from adventure time ! So cool, as well as the series !
Very clear
Very very good.. Very informative, scientifically. We like to watch, in future, more videos of this type, on diseases, with scientifically explained, in details. Many many thanks.
this channel is lit
Great!
Please make more videos :)
Excellent.TY
3 areas of the brain are involved in voluntary movements :
Motor cortex
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
These 3 areas are connected by excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
When we want to move the motor cortex sends a signal to the basal ganglia.
The basal ganglia regulate movement by either activating or inactivating the inhibitory. neurons connecting the basal ganglia and the thalamus.
If these inhibitory neurons are activated the neurons connecting the Thalamus to the motor cortex are not allowed to send signals. if those neurons do not fire the motor cortex receives no feedback and no movement occurs. Conversely if these inhibitory neurons are inactivated then nothing is stopping the neurons connecting the Thalamus and the motor cortex from being excited so they activate the motor cortex. which sends signals down the spine to cause certain parts of the body to move.
Therefore the basal ganglia essentially decide whether a movement is allowed or not.
Two distinct pathways within the basal ganglia can be activated.
If the direct pathway is activated the inhibitory neurons connecting the basal ganglion and the thalamus are inactivated and movement occurs.
If the indirect pathway is activated the inhibitory neurons are activated and movement is prevented.
In fact the indirect pathway is constantly activated allowing you to stay still at rest. When you want to move your body you want the indirect pathway to stop being activated and the direct pathway to be activated.
Dopamine released by neurons in the substantial niagra can both activate the direct pathway as well as inactivate the indirect pathway initiating movement. This is because dopamine released by neurons in the substantia nigra can cause both excitatory and inhibitory effects by binding two different receptors :
It can bind to the D1 receptor in the starting neuron of the direct pathway to activate it as well as bind to D2 receptors in the starting neurons of the indirect pathway to inactivate it.
In healthy people these dopaminergic neurons slowly die out as age increases but in patients with Parkinsons disease this decreases is dramatically accelerated. The reason for this is not known yet. Without dopamine the initiating of movements becomes extremely difficult.
Tier zoo sent me here aswel you got an subscription.
Late/extreme stage Parkinsons can actually get close to killing. Parkinsons destroys swallowing ability in some cases to inhibit intake of fluid/food or necessary medications.
Genetic and pesticide **correlates** are tangential. Medicine is better served by avoiding statistical comfort and fundamental causation.
nice
awesome video, trying to explain to my family almost seems as hard as rocket science. i have fahrs disease, my mother was mis diagnosed with Parkinsons...i always knew it was connected because i have the same symptoms, only not constant and way too young, also parkinsons isnt inherited through a mutant gene. if they would have done a ct scan on her earlier in life it would have been uncovered also my whole family has the tremors. ive had tremors since i was 20, but only recently it has become resting tremor ans not Always. i also have many other parkinsons traits such as memory loss, loss of motor skills, slow coordination etc. could you pkssibly to a video on Fahrs disease or familial basal ganglia calcification?
I will look into those diseases!
What is cause for rigidity when there is less stimulation of direct and indirect pathway
Rigidity in Parkinson's is a symptom that isn't well understood, but it likely involves damage to other areas of the brain along with the basal ganglia. Here's a good article about the pathophysiology of rigidity: Baradaran N, Tan SN, Liu A, et al. Parkinson's disease rigidity: relation to brain connectivity and motor performance. Front Neurol. 2013;4:67. Published 2013 Jun 5.
You cant offer proper and loving care if you have no idea what causes it.
omg this is so hlewpful omg sdo helpful i now have an a+ i n everything ogmm
shit wrong video
which type of pathway occurs in parkinson's disease? direct or indirect?
Both are affected due to the loss of dopamine. Stimulating the direct pathway initiates movement, while stimulating the indirect pathway inhibits movement. Dopamine stimulates the direct pathway and inhibits the indirect pathway, which allows movement to occur. Therefore, a lack of dopamine means less stimulation of the direct pathway and less inhibition of the indirect pathway.
Thanks a lot
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Thanks alot
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