7. Behavioral Genetics II
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- Опубликовано: 30 сен 2024
- (April 14, 2010) Robert Sapolsky continues his series addressing the link between behavior and genetics. He covers the complex endeavor of gene isolation and variability and heritability and wrongly eliminated environmental influences in heritability tests -- finding that genes and environment are infinitely interconnected and co-dependent on each other.
Stanford University
www.stanford.edu
Stanford Department of Biology
biology.stanfor...
Stanford University Channel on RUclips
/ stanford
"We'll come back to the amygdala, don't panic."
subtle pun
Yes, what we need is not TLC but a bit of CBT
what does this have to do with the Amygadala?
i have the CD-r with my MRI.
i have mtDNA A3243G and my doctor knows it.
ahhhh sooo fucking good. I wonder if he’s been saving that.
this guy is giving me an excuse to blame my parents all over again
Sad and true
I actually feel the opposite: since there is no free will, and only environment and biology - could they do differently really?...
no free will = they couldn't do any different. also if you blame your parents for your failures you also have to credit them for your successes
@Maria Callous wtf?
you didn't actually listen did you?
They should investigate plant IQ in the environment of my home, as they all tend to die.
And please don't come and say the common factor is me. They die even if I'm away for a month.
+Mattias Sollerman
Humour++
i know it is a joke, but i wonder how hot is the climate where you live.
Mattias Sollerman, lol
If you can't rule out your effect on the first hour of their existence, then you can't prove that the plants who had longer living parents lived 19x longer when you were gone because of genetics. They might have lived longer because of mitochondria. Or because all of the ones with longer living parents were placed in "ear" shot of beethovens 9th Symphony on a loop. Or because a certain, particularly high water content bug preferred to die in their pot.
wait..... they are supposed to last longer than a month? i thought it was because i was just buying the cheap ones
This one kid has been coughing for the past four lectures! I hope they get better =(
Seven years ago it was allowed to cough during lectures. Not anymore.
@ 👍 be a
@ 👍🙏👍🙏 your email address 🙏
How do you know it's the same kid?
For real, shit's gettin on my nerves
Just to vent, this camera person is blowing my mind on how they decide to not show the visuals on the board that Sapolsky's directly talking about. They're problably not even listening, just thinking 'gotta keep his head in the middle, gotta keep his head in the middle, gotta keep his head in the middle, gotta keep his head in the middle.'
Kevin Lopez Yeah, I'm guessing the camera men are just bored, following the head by intuition because it's easy. They're probably thinking about something completely different.
Could be a tracking program.
is it filmed statically wide angle then edited digitally maybe
Exactly! I'm here for the cute puppies, man...
I can see myself doing this XD
Can we all appreciate this guy's intelligent humor
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
yes
Russkie Metro Dogs
behavioral vs molecular genetics review,
prenatal environment
Lamarckian evolution
Modern methods: 80s, find diff in phenotypes
Genetic Marker method, find a family w disease hemophelia, etc
Bioethical considerations
Sequencing genomes
17:00 Microarrays, Bioinformatics
TL, macromutation
Basil Crescent hormone, mice v monogamous v polygamous
Genes for autism, social propensity
BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor trains amygala to be anxious or fearful
Dopamine, pleasure anticipation, novelty craving
NP
31:00 Chance: Brownian motion, mitochondria
40:00 Heritability
1:09:00 25 yr study, Duke U, heritability of aggression, anti-social (formerly sociopathic) vs abuse by cold distant moms
1:22:00 Math & verbal performance vs gender vs nation / environment
+Arthur Sulit thanks alot for taking notes!
This comment needs to be higher. Good work 👍
Has anybody actually managed to find the printed notes which Prof. Sapolsky had distributed back then?
Nice
nice :)
"By controlling for the environment, you have removed your ability to see the role of environment "
That's such a great point.
I'm going to invent an app that identifies when I stop paying attention and pauses the youtube video.
have a pupil dilation detectors embedded in your app, using the front cam.
As soon as the pupils are relaxed pause the video and play some scary sounds that should bring back the focus.
It would be quite useful for meditation
It's been nearly a year, have you done it?
@@dalep.2508 There's been some delays. I might have to outsource it to @kaushal shukla and @Jernej Kavka. Check back next year.
I'd like better integration with Bluetooth devices (button mapping to the same thing across the desktop and mobile version, skipping adds ect.)...not your project but where else would I whine?
where ever the beard goes, is where the camera goes
This is absolutely amazing. This entire lecture series is a total gift for those of us who don't have the means to attend a Stanford class. Sapolsky is brilliant and this material will tie in nicely to the courses I'm taking in community college. Thank you for making this public!
So, not too sure how I landed here, and I don't have anything important to say, but in my perusal of the comments, you mentioned your taking community college classes, and then I noticed this was 2 years ago and figured you'd be done by now with you classes and wanted to know how that worked out for you? Did you finish? are you still in class and pursuing the same thing?
@@peterepete3571 @Pete Repete Hi! Well, funny way to end up in a comments section. But yes, I did finish with a 4.0 and went on to a university in Colorado. There I score two different internships - one with NOAA doing GIS work, the other with the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology department, AND (because I had the chance to create an independent project) I joined forces with NOAA again, but this time their Space Weather Prediction Center. :) I'm considered a senior now but I'm going to double major and stretch it out an extra year. I was hired on as an intern yesterday for the EPA in the Spring. :) I did ok. Sapolsky's lectures are still one of my favorite things. What I'm looking at now, in terms of graduate programs is studying how space weather and heliobiology affect the evolution of life on earth in different mediums. I hope to be one day on the edge of astrobiology.
@Jon Doh! Hey there
@@peterepete3571 Same here. I was watching a beekeeping video, when this series was suggested by You Tube. It has been 45 years since I last read about genetics, this was before I took another professional path and I thought, ah, well, lets see how this knowledge has developed. Now I am hooked. It is like meeting your high school sweetheart at retirement age.
This science is amazing. The professor is even more.
Get his book behavior, it's awesome.
"When you look at things like juggling your DNA just when you are making new neurons, what you see over and over is what human genes are about most dramatically is coding for ways in which you have freedom from the effects of genetics"
Totally blew my mind. When you end a lecture on that note its hard not to immediately move to the next one. So thankful to Stanford for bringing this up.
yes this is the moment that did it for me, wow!
I think you need 24-48 hours between lectures just to process all the information and implications.
He is the Bob Ross of biology
Incredible ability to lecture without reference to notes. Astonishing memory along with knowledge.
If you look carefully he does spread notes across the desk top and sometimes even glances at them. But he has been teaching all his life. In one of his interviews he says that when doing post grad work in an institution which didn't let him teach he got a part-time job at another college so that he could teach.
Well said❤️
I’m sure he gives the same lecture 3x a week.
he's been teachhing for decades, you too would memorize the stuff with that amount of repetition
anyone else taking a 5 min break whenever he tells, in real time? :'D
No
No
no
LMAO these trolls in the comments. Of course we do take a break when our professor says so..
Yes, sometimes till the next evening :-D
This exemplifies the true spirit of education. Thank you Stanford for saving us from having to watch television and allow our brains to melt away.
If every professor were like Robert Sapolsky I’d be taking college courses for fun
·nature/nurture has left the chat·
Hi Stanford. I have just finished my masters degree in psychology and am currently unemployed. I will gladly record and edit lectures for you for free as I have a lot of free time on my hands. Please say yes. I know the internet is hungry for these kind of videos in better quality. With a non-clicking camera-man.
You Can Record ME Dribbling A Basketball And Shooting A Basketball If You Don't Get The Stanford Job.
The transportation cost is not on me.
Jurij Fedorov I Said If You Don't Get The Stanford Job You Could Always Videotape ME Dribbling A Basketball And Shooting A Basketball. I Can Pay For Your Trip To A Basketball Court Near ME Where You Could Meet ME And Film ME Dribbling And Shooting A Basketball. Or I Could Just Meet You At Stanford And Have You Film ME There.
Haha... if you can pay for my ticket from Denmark, then I will film you dribling a ball around.
I don't think they read the comments on these videos.
Please get a better camera person next time. Specifically: 1. Point camera at the diagram the lecturer is pointing at. 2. Point camera at the audience when lecturer asks them to raise hands. 3. Point camera at picture that lecturer puts up (think Arctic Fox from previous lecture). Otherwise, really enjoying this lecture series.
It could be automated to follow Dr. Sapolsky.... idk just possible.
+Manuel Galvan I doubt in 2010, then had the algorithm figured out on controlling solenoids to follow a person, this badly. it's definitely a person controlled camera. random zooming or paning. They just follow object(spaced out). the topic is beautiful, the lecture is amazing, the camera guy, he has some learning to do. maybe that's why he is there, he is learning his camera abilities? peace and love
Mark Ovich I took biochemistry in 2010 in Sweden. The lectures where really early in the morning and the class was huge. Prof used a webcam with face tracking to film the lectures so those who liked mornngs showed up at the lecture and the ones who would rather study evenings watched the videos that got uploaded 3 hours later. Like I said, the camerawork was automated and it looked exactly like this. Weird pannng, slow actual reaction with proff walking out of the screen etc etc. This might very likely be automated.
As for the students, it's a matter of privacy which needs consent. I know that because at the beginning of anothe class, the professor asked the student to give consent in a legally binding form. Sapolsky had given his consent, his students had not.
I was delighted that years ago I had seen, and remembered a BBC program about the Arctic Foxes
I think this dude breathes through his ears. Never pauses. I took 6 semesters of biology, chemistry, pathophysiology and medicinal chemistry each and 2 semesters of physics in college and honestly don't think I'd know how to takes notes in these lectures.
Voice recorder/rendering his board models in shorthand.
He tells you at the beginning not to bother taking notes because he talks too fast. but he does hand out notes to the lectures -- or at least he handed them out long ago when I used to go to his lectures: now if you're in his class you get them online.
@@kimcooper87 ohhh that’s nice. One of my favorite teacher in high school was doing the same, really helpful, wish more teachers would do that
I watch at 2x speed lol
Same! I have 6 semesters of college chemistry, one year of A&P, one semester of college physics, and 2 semesters of psychology in my undergrad. Granted, 2 of the chemistry courses were related to food chemistry, but still, ochem and biochem were prerequisites for each. This lecture would have blown me away to try and take notes in.
I hope all these students got to rewatch these lectures in the early ‘00. Their tuition certainly deserved it! It’s amazing and overwhelming all at once.
Excuse me while I replay this….
I can't stress enough how much I like this guy classes XD and I don't even know what i'm doing here I'm just have a bachelor's degree in translation studies and I'm from Venezuela XDXD
These classes are so amazing! Thank you for sharing all this knowledge Standford University and Mr. Sapolsky, the studies mentioned about the importance of the environment related to gender performance are very revealing!
The kid filming does a very diligent job following the speaker, but never zoomed out to show the figures the speaker is drawing. For Christ sake, look to the right!
He’s very entertaining, and keep her attention.
"number of fingers is massively affected by genes but has 0% heritability, and tendency to wear earrings has 100% heritability despite being entirely cultural" These examples perfectly capture the difference between "trait x has high heritability" and "trait x is genetic"
@Phi6er nope I think you missed the point
@Phi6er The real problem is that we don't read the scientific papers, we read the media version "translated" by a scientifically illiterate journalist.
@Phi6er I agree that scientists can often be quite bad at considering how the terminology they use will be interpreted by laymen, but to suggest that they are purposely misleading the public for attention is silly.
@Phi6er So we have narrowed it down to pop scientists at least. Anyway, there's a difference between misleading and simplifying.
@Phi6er Wait so is the underlying science real or is it all a big scam?
behavioral genetics in 2 words: it depends
i want to give a thumbs up, but i was involved in an industrial accident.
After some physics, and behavioral science, you get to intuit that Brownian motion is not random per se, but stochastic - a result of complex interdependence (Gleick's book can help you intuit, which I why, I think, that Sapolsky put it in required reading).
The intuition can be followed up by studying complex statistics ( it now requires complex algorithms - computer programs, instead of the more basic stats we get undergrad). I guess this is why any team working on biological behavior has to include a total number-crunching computer programmer or three.
Einstein's stuff on Brownian shows that there is a tendency to remain within some limits - this, too, is important to remember in genetic and biological science:
that limits occur, including the one which Sapolsky has only just touched - optimality vs. the complex constraints he is going through. The use of "infinite" does not mean what many think it means.
Categorical thinking, warned against at the beginning, is a cognitive heuristic; generalization can lead to missing variation.
Just to illustrate both overgeneralization, and use a generalization heuristic better, Moscow dogs which he mentioned are several different groups. One, the wolflike furry-tail, is the one most avoidant (NOT in subways) of humans. There are social dogs who read individual (relevant) human characteristics, more and less territorial ones, subway socialites, subway travelers just using it as do pipples.
By the way, wolves vary in the adaptive traits these dogs show - I study wolves, with some focus on individual differences; none of the differences mentioned in material about these dogs are foreign to wolves, although they are generally avoidant of humans (humans are death to all wild, self-willed animals. One recent wolf in Germany, just watching, evaluating, learning, a basic wolf trait, was, of course, shot by official fiat due to humans' idea that anything having teeth not running away from them is dangerous. Overactive amygdalae in your species...).
Wolves use BDNF too, but their lifespan is only 4k-5k days, 130 to maybe 190 moons, at best, in the real world. This means their evaluation skills are more quickly developed, and must be more accurate - wolves have no time for psychopaths, Machiavellians, the large capacity humans indulge in for complex deception and betrayal. They can recognize these things, when presented by humans - at least the ones who survive it.
Please recall that NOTHING is actually random. Not even random number generators.
🤭🤫
Come talk to people in MN and WI. They have wild, irrational fears of wolves. It’s heartbreaking 💔
Sapolsky putting every piece of information right where it has to be, and so fluently and undertstandable. My brain tickles after watching a video of him
Loving this series. Behavioral Genetics I & II were pretty difficult to get through though. I think the big take away from them is genetics vs environment is complicated, so don't get too excited about correlation graphs.
Nature is the major systematic force that makes us who we are. Nurture is essentially irrelevant for accounting for individual differences. I’m starting the second lecture now, hopefully it’s better than the first. I love Sapolsky, but his presentation of behavioral genetics and trans-generational epigenetics was appalling. He made it appear that DNA differences aren’t that powerful while epigenetics is the most compelling part of the story. Heritability accounts for the majority of differences between people, and the environmental effects are almost always confounded by genetic influence. Nurture is irrelevant, and the non-shared environment has not been tractable as a systematic factor. Read “Blueprint” by Plomin and “Innate” by Kevin Mitchell if you want the most accurate and up-to-date analyses of behavioral genetics.
@@armoda1057 The way I see it is that genes determine potentials and environment determines how those potentials manifest.
‘Nature or nurture?’ “isn’t wrong simply because the answer is nearly always “both,” or because the categories themselves are flawed, but also because once you understand that there is one common evolutionary goal, getting precise about mechanism is less important than understanding why a trait came to be... ...The false nature versus nurture dichotomy is disruptive, as it interferes with a more nuanced understanding of what we are and the evolutionary forces that have brought us here.” -Bret & Heather Weinstein, "A Hunter Gatherer's Guide to the 21st Century"
@@armoda1057 Sounds like Plomin has been widely discredited, and by way of arguments that in their essence are contained in this very lecture. Perhaps instead of being appalled, give this one another listen.
@@armoda1057 I think you've missed the point of this lecture. The are plenty of lectures here on RUclips by Plomin which present a far more balanced view than what you have presented.
Robert Sopolsky is one of thee most talented pro's I have ever encounted I cannot thank him enough. It takes alot to catch and keep my attention and he did it hands down..........SQUIRREL
She coughed 85643 times.
I love reading comments complaining about free content on RUclips.
Jeffrey Soto Why does it matter that it's free?
Jeffrey Soto I directly pay RUclips $15.99 a month to have no ads. Those who do directly pay are still a customer paying by watching ads, by being a consumer of said ads. I also pay some RUclips names I personally enjoy more than normal by I.E. Patreon and the like. So I end up pay about $46.00 a month for “free content”.
@@craftycriminalistwithms.z3053 Well, whose fault is that? It's not Sapolsky's fault that you pay for free content...
I’m just here for the free comments.
US tuition makes people think of money when they receive education beyond what's reasonable (buying his books would be reasonable unless it's mandated).
I like how theres a continuous trashing of things he just taught. Watching 7 of these in 3 days probably is a little skewed though, as the actual trashing happened over years or decades. But it really speaks to how little we actually know, even as I am aware of his approach I keep coming to conclusions in my head like "well, this explains X" and not 5 minutes later hes like - let me just wipe the board clean. again.
Really appreciate the uploads! Thank you! Man, this Internet thing is cool.
Hahahahaha i can relate
yeah like how he cited autism being more common in males and simon baron cohens extreme male brain theory about autism but those arent thought to be true anymore and its only been 10 years since these lectures
I like turtles
I knew he was gonna say scandinavia when he was talking about math. Swede here, math is easy :)
Yeah that's right, but he didn't mention that the more the egalitarian the country is the more the gender gap in the science fields are rather increased than decreased.
www.thejournal.ie/gender-equality-countries-stem-girls-3848156-Feb2018/
It is not a surprising he didn't mention that, because he indicated the opposite. The gender gap in careers is fact and I'm sure there is an associated level of math skill that accompanies that. He says gender gap in math skill in Scandinavia is zero. I really doubt it. How can there be a gender gap in STEM careers without a simultaneous gender gap in math skill. For that to hold, for every man in math intensive profession, there would have to a woman who has equal skill in math, but a career in some other field. All the extra male rocket scientists are balanced out by women who learned rocket science math as a hobby. That would be truly amazing.
@@jameseames4754 That is PRECISELY the situation!!! and I have no idea why you'd find that amazing. The best math students at my university were girls who eventually entered med school (and two biochemists, as well). I was somewhere lower down the pecking order, at least in physics courses, but chose to go the physical chem route.
Your fabricated anecdotal evidence combined with a sophisticated use of punctuation makes a persuasive case.
@@jameseames4754 Ah, but you're ignoring both the anecdotal evidence and the documented, controlled evidence referred to by Sapolsky. You are obviously the one with an agenda (as a guy who identifies with exactly zero feminist causes-well maybe I accept that women's contributions to science and art have been downplayed or out-right ignored, but otherwise I view current day feminists as a bunch of science-denying cows, with the obligatory simps in tow-I'm not sure what agenda you'd think I could be pushing). As such, I'm not surprised you'd accuse me of fabrication, as you probably know no other modus operandi. As for my "sophisticated use of punctuation", you're welcome to take each punctuation mark you don't like and stick it up your rectum.
I feel so lucky to be attending lessons all over again :D And with this amazing amazing professor :D The only challenge is, where do I start? What do I watch next? lol ...
here is the playlist ruclips.net/video/NNnIGh9g6fA/видео.html
This guy's puns are fresh and make you assimilate things more clearly, am pretty sure it's a requirement for being a Stanford teacher. I mean, 1:05:31 "The Swiss cheese index of the brain" you gotta have an advanced degree to come up with that kind of stuff.
Why am I paying so much for tuition fees when this stuff is free?! Mind blown in every lecture!
Because the government guarantees the loans that the bank gives, thereby increasing the supply of funds available for degrees, which increases the amount universities can charge for a degree, which increases the number of people who have degrees, flooding the market with degrees, which decreases the scarcity and therfore value of every degree, which causes employers to set a degree as the minimum requirement of employment as a minimum test even where the degree contained nothing of direct benefit to the company.
Internet watchers don't get to see the cute puppy/fox pictures, we also dont get the reading list or other materials, or access to the prof.
// , Don't you want your expensive obedience training certificate?
Because all you get here are the lectures. It then becomes entirely up to you to figure out what books to read, what homework to assign yourself (including papers), how to evaluate the work you actually did, and how to persuade anyone that you have actually learned something. You also don't get to ask the prof questions.
TANSTAAFL.
Companies that hire you, care more about your resources to pay for an education and your patience resources, and obedience resources than your RUclips selection. Cold hard Truth.
A twice graduate, UCSC and Kaplan Online University.
Yep, the basic fallacy "Correlation = Causation".
this series really exposes the American myth that anyone can achieve the American Dream. thank you
That’s not a scientifically accurate statement
@@4philipp the American myth is a dream, you have to be asleep to believe in it.
interesting - according to Jordan Peterson Scandinavian countries didn't end up having smaller gender differences in STEM fields (as a consequence of much greater gender equality in their societies) but quite the opposite. I'd love to see some references as these are quite opposite results/conclusions. Anyone?
Short summary:
Genes are the default settings of humans. Since we are very adaptive to our environment (cf. epigenetics), we get far away from our default settings very rapidly. Therefore, genes do not define much of the variability between us but for people evolving in very similar contexts.
In this lecture, he proceeds to give various example of the interactions between genes, environment and their respective effects on human behavior
This lecture started a little bit "slowly" but towards the end there were some really interesting and important points!
After reading a few comments about the bad camerawork and still being unconvinced, I finally see what you people are talking about. A third of the information is missing!
Had a wonderful afternoon googling the Russian metro dogs. What an amazing planet we live on.
I know why you show up here... it's for us. thanks, Sapolsky.
1:02:15 The camera operatos should be shot for NOT SHOWING what is on the whiteboard. I am really mad now.
It's probably in the study notes, someone uploaded...I lost the link tho
It's probably in the study notes, someone uploaded...I lost the link tho
This guys straight up lies about how the math score differential between the sexes varies across countries- it actually grows as the countries become more equal
I had a cramp in my stomach after this lecture. You just trashed anything and everything I did know and used for my thinking process.
Thanks for doing that ;)
Perhaps it’s that predefined way of thinking and our willingness or reluctance to revamp it that makes all the difference in our lives. Or it’s impact is hardly measurable.
🤔💓😜 thank you! Love love learning about the function of the amygdala. I'm giving a biology presentation about fear of climant change and aspects of human behavior.
Where can i access the referenced extended notes
(at about 7:00)
for the lecture?
"Is there a gene for picking at grubs or is there a gene for if you are really tall and you peck at grubs and people don't make fun of you" - I need this one bad
Thank you Robert Sapolsky. I will never be able to look at genetics in the same way ever again. You completely changed my views on the matter and for that I salute you.
1:29:00 Wait, what now? The more gender equal a society is the... greater the advantage in verbal skills is for women. Ok. How do we go from that to "it has nothing to do with whether you have a Y chromosome"?
I don’t understand his conclusion around 1:29:00.
If a small gender difference in verbal ability becomes more pronounced in more egalitarian societies, isn’t that an indication of a genetic influence being allowed to express itself?
I was thinking exactly the same!
I think one of the things that blew my mind the most....
"Data are plural." 0.o
for most of us, it's a collective noun, like water or rice.
You start the video. And, from the very first instant, what strikes you is the irresistible flow of verbal energy coming from our Incredibly Learned Professor. It's as if his brain is under pressure from all the ideas packed in there, all jostling for expression, and opening his mouth acts at once as a welcome vent for the pressure to explode and dilate in the free air. The term that comes to mind is the ancient Greek word PNEUMA, the blast of breath that projects the inspired soul of a prophet. Of course the prophet here is spreading the message of science, of demonstrable knowledge.
Notice also the inseparable physical energy, how the professor’s compulsive rhetorical outpour is supported by an incessant back and forth pacing, with emphasis projected through sweeping arm gestures. It is the same source of energy that globally activates the legs, the arms, the voice and the brain, driving the words out and fuelling the body’s obsessive motion. The total effect has a certain theatrical power, and keeps the students awake and hanging to every word from the start to the end. A distant modern echo of Aristotle's style of giving his lessons ceaselessly walking through the gardens of his Lyceum in Athens, surrounded and followed by his mesmerized students.
Do you have an English Literature background? Your words sound good. Are you an artist?
Sapolsky is wrong here on so many levels.
1. Having more environment/gene tests will not necessarily invalidate genetic effects since there could be an additional confounding variable (Iceland doesn't have much use for math skills in tech, it's a resource-based economy so men are less inclined to learn math or to continue to higher education + on small scales it's easy to get artifacts or fake data. Having lived there for several years, I wouldn't trust their data).
2. When you run your experiments AS LONG as they fit your political ideology you are no longer a scientist. There is no reason to believe evolution is a PC snowflake that has no distinctions between race, gender and other attributes.
3. Even when you have differences between different environments, still you can not conclude that "changing" the environment to the more "correct" one will yield the result (even w/o a confound) since correlation doesn't imply causation.
This is so cool. So packed with awesome information. This stuff is a bit more difficult than previous sections, but the payoff is great. Go Dr Sapolsky. Go Stanford.
WOOW how can you select genetically if the effect depends on the environment and environments change? this messes with everything I thought I understood from the last 6 lectures
"Amigdala has a lot to do with fear and anxiety and that sort of thing and we will come back to it. Don't panic."
😂
1:28:11 -- are we assuming no gender bias in countries like Iceland, or could there also be new educational biases? Either way, his point about environment would still stand.
Blessings on you, Prof Dr Sapolsky. Your work is a welcome antidote to output of behavioural genetics.
Does anyone have notes from these lectures?
Here is the reading list docs.google.com/document/d/1LW9CCHIlOGfZyIpowCvGD-lIfMFm7QkIuwqpKuSemCc/edit?hl=en_US
www.robertsapolskyrocks.com/behavioral-genetics-ii.html
Hover the mouse over "Hum-Bio" section and choose the lecture from a pop-up list.
@@zinaidaroshu7970 Thank you. Much appreciated..
@@SA-sp8hl You are welcome! Also, Sapolsky's book "Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst" represents the same material in an equally ingenious manner.
@@zinaidaroshu7970 Sure thing. Cheers.. I've been researching on neuroscience behind human behaviour, stress response etc and I came across his lectures and I've been hooked ever since.
Can anyone please talk with me about this lectures like we talk about marvel movies or something? Cause I couldn't find anyone around me who are willing to watch these lectures like i do
It would have been good to show the white board once in a while.
I was going with if and only if you were in Asia, I mean, there's so much rice and hence carbohydrates
One small criticism of the camraperson, at about 1:03 the professor's head is being tracked well, but we can't see the information he introduces he introduces on the board. There was a similar problem on an earlier lecture mentioning tame and untame foxes, when the image above the board was not visible. It would be handy in many cases to be able to zoom out or radically change the view to see context, audience reaction, things like that. I realize this isn't a tv production though.
The curious case of a phenomenal professor and a dumb cameraman (show the white board. Damn!) !!!
This is the first frustrating lecture in the series. The camera cutting out the diagrams doesn't help, but I suspect Sapolsky is not as good at communicating more mathematical concepts.
the coughing from the students drives me up the wall
Yep she’s still coughing, since first day of class. She needs a doctor
1:24:31 A woman studying in a physics PhD program in Turkey here. It is so sad to see my country listed as one of the worst. I would like to think the situation is improved since then. But still. :(
I listened to a couple of his presentations and a strong anti-genetic agenda seems to influence him a lot.
He mentions so many things in his arguments but he seems to fall for the same fallacies as the scientists he sometimes mentions.
Example:
He says "girls in iceland are better than boys in math due to environment"
1) He most likely refers to PISA results, so it's quite young kids.
2) To get a more complete picture on gender difference he'd need to look at the PhD gender difference as math gets complex there
The Iceland government has tons of statistics, only 24% of the PhD students are female. Suddenly the gender gap opens up to an extreme.
Certainly he is right, it's undisputable that environment plays a massive role in outcomes.
However he brought up a couple such examples and when genders are involved he suddenly stops to tell the whole picture and focuses on single aspects.
Maybe in lecture 10, 20 or 30 he does close those gaps of information but at this point it's just confusing to students.
Because only 24% of PhD students are female has no impact whatsoever on female intelligence or math competency. It is more likely that fewer females were interested in pursuing that field.
Dersi dinleyen Türkler, dersi ağlayarak dinliyorlar. Bu dersi online dinleyip bu derslere Trde ulaşamadıklarından mı yoksa dersteki örneklerin bu dersleri oralarda dinleyememize neden olmasından mı?
I don't know why youtube recommended me this , but i will never regret it . I want to become a doctor and this will help me a lot .
Concerning canine genetics and Russian feral dogs reverting to wolf appearance, many pet dogs have traits that are not so perfect for survival. For instance, it is thought the upright ears of wolves or wild canids have advantages in better hearing. Many domestic breeds have floppy ears which may or may not hear as well but which also can be prone to infections and other maladies, not to mention easier to bite and tear in fights.
I’m going to be a D4 Receptor for Halloween!👻🎃🍻🏁
57:28 tripped me out what the hell I was saying 100% in my head before he explained it
I am beginning to see how we need to take everything with a grain of salt, even if on a low salt diet.
"Nature or nurture?" Either way, it's your parents' fault.😂
The moment he mentioned vasopressin being social I was waiting for the autism comment.
I was not disappointed.
Dijual rumah dan halaman luas harga negoDijual rumah dan halaman luas harga nego
One in the audience is still not aware about tuberculosis treatment.
a learning disability? at math? i can't do math.
this is my most absolute favourite teacher
What he said at the end about difference in math scores is more complicated. In 2018 Island has a slightly higher score for boys (3 points). Some countries go as far as 32, with the UK having 21p for boys. On the other side, UAE has 6p for girls as well as Kyrgyzstan and Quatar has 5. The UK is known for trying to remove all inequality and in Quatar .. well, I wouldn't say that girls have it that good. It looks like in this case, environment is not such a defining factor as mr. Sapolsky thinks.
Mothers are generally teaching young boys certain skills (protection / providing) and girls another set (beauty / nurturing) she gives boys toys that promote spacial awareness and mathematics. Girls are given dolls and taught to care.
1:26:10
actually, you still want to know their gender. because statistics
Where can I find the extended notes for these classes? Thanks!
It's long overdue seeing this stems from 2011... But I have to say that the camera person should have done a better job at filming what Robert Sapolsky drew on the whiteboard.
This guy is a legend, but I can not ignore this lady who coughs non-stop, for some reason it's really irking me.
It’s truly grating. It was being recorded, why did you go to class and disrupt everyone?! Main character syndrome
If I were taking this class back in the day, I would’ve needed this lecture recorded. It is SO rich in content, I’d want to listen to it multiple times.
i wish the camera person would pan just a little to the right so i could see what hes pointing at on the whiteboard
Plants IQ... Something I will be giving a lot more thought to and doing research on.
Nobody picked up that " must have been thanksgiving" lol
This is the video when my brain exploded
"volume of a rectangle" haha
I think he probably did that intentionally to make sure it wouldn't be taken too literally. (genes)x(environment) is more complicated than length x width, so adding an extra hidden dimension is prudent.
I would say it was his sense of humour :D
Where does the vesopresin gene mutation come from that is more prevalent in autistic families?
Currently I'm fascinated by the autistic neanderthal theory, and more generally the understanding that breeding with ancient hominids has changed us. Could it be that autism is the pathologisation of the neanderthal neurotype that we have inherited?
wouldnt that mean a higher incidence of autism in europeans when that isnt thought to be the case?
@@MC-tl5bf Not just europeans but all non africans - since making my comment I've done more research and I think that this is much more complicated than "neanderthal DNA contributes to Autism" - Environment interacting with the genetics is obviously something that needs looking into - but more generally I do think that Neanderthal DNA does effect the way people think.
@@shiftybroccoli8891 but autism occurs pretty much equally in africans, there isnt a reason to believe otherwise. there is inequality in diagnosis rates because of money/lack of access to asessment, not because there is actually a lower rate of autism in people of african descent.
So far, there isn't any reason to believe than Africans do not have a reduced rate of autism BECAUSE of the lack of access to assessment - however you could be right.
This is partly why I am less convinced by the Autistic Neanderthal Theory lately.
However, this has resulted in a more refined hypothesis:
Admixture from hominid sister species may be the cause of not only some phenotypical traits in modern humans, but also psychological traits.
I think really what we need is an in depth analysis of ancient DNA present in modern humans and its effects (if any) on the brain.
Stanford University
Lecture 7. Behavioural Genetics II
Robert Sapolsky
1:03:46 min ... "PKU" ... 1:04:51 min ... "labels on ... food" ... "phenylalanine free diet" ... 1:05:38 min ... "environmental intervention" ... "reduced heritability"
1:09:37 min ...
1:11:12 min ... "translating that into English .... "
1:11:28 min ... "what we're seeing over and over again is the only way to answer it, or, over and over it is, going to be a, it depends, it depends on the environment."
1:11:43 min .. "ultimately" "the only really truly scientific way you can answer a question like that is, what does this gene do in this particular environment."
1:12:11 min ... "quote" ... "summarises this entire point ... "
1:12:31 min ... "there is no such thing as a gene influence outside the context of an environmental interaction."
1:14:39 min ... "ok, you're an epidemiologist ... the answer is: what sort of environment ... "
1:18:09 min ... 1:20:54 min ...
13:52 min ... "really really major room for things going wrong in terms of it being then applied clinically"
14:33 min ... "bioethics"
15:50 min ... "actually finding the gene"
32:09 min ... "chance"
32:38 min ... "Brownian motion"
(MIT OpenCourseWare
18. Itõ Calculus
Instructor: Choongbum Lee
ruclips.net/video/Z5yRMMVUC5w/видео.html
0:50 min ... Brownian ...) ... ?
50:29 min ... 50:40 min ...
(B.t.w. completely non sequitur, cute accent after, "the only".)
Taking a completely wild lunge, trip and fall, smack down on the floor in the dark, i.e. me being me and putting a foot most likely not on a line while not having optimal proprioception, and making a something of myself, culminating in blushing profusely, but .... I'm curious ... has something like PKU have anything to do with the following ....
0:14 min ... "this conflict began nearly 20 years ago"
0:16 min ... "2443 US Military KI"
0:19 min ... "3800 contractor and DoD civillian KI"
0:23 min ... "1144 allied troops killed in action"
0:27 min ... "over 30000 veteran suicide since 9'11"
1:44 min ... "infrastructures needs did not leave 10 to 15000 Americans, stranded."
1:50 min ... "climate change did not cause this catastrophe."
1:53 min ... "combat is not a power point briefing."
1:55 min ... "American lives are at stake."
1:58 min ... "get our countrymen out of Afghanistan."
2:01 min ... "the mission is only complete, when they're out, not one minute before."
Approximately, 2500 military killed in action compared to 30000 veteran suicides ... 1:12 ... ? For every military person who was killed in action, 12 veterans committed suicide?
It looks like more contractors and civilians were killed in action than those in the military? Do they exhibit suicide rates similar to veterans? It doesn't sound like they do? What is the difference?
'GOP Lawmaker: 'No American Should Be Willing To Tolerate' Conduct Of Afghanistan Withdrawal'
Forbes Breaking News
ruclips.net/video/cUgvrS78lbc/видео.html
Also, I don't have a reference for the following, however, I thought I heard it said in the last day or so, on some media yt video or fb, that President Biden mentioned, his son and other military personnel, who returned from Iraq and had some sort of brain complications within a year or around a year later?
I updated my yt name ...
@@eleonoraformatoneeszczepan8807 is this incoherent rambling about a dozen topics supposed to mean anything? Why are you quoting random video parts? I don't even know why I'm asking, you're probably a bot.
@@twrk139 are you a bot? What's up with language these days. Some people, I don't know.
@@eleonoraformatoneeszczepan8807your comments really sound like they're coming from a schizophrenic
Consider the following:
a. We are taught that we should treat others how we ourselves would like to be treated, basically the 'golden rule'.
b. If an individual causes society to suffer, society often causes the individual to suffer.
c. But now, with individuals who want to die, especially terminally ill people, and society keeps them alive, maybe because society writes a law whereby suicide for any reason is illegal, then society is prolonging the suffering of the individual first.
d. The individual would then have the 'right' to prolong societies' suffering since society prolonged the individual's suffering first, and since we are supposed to treat others how we would like to be treated, obviously society must want to have their suffering prolonged. Otherwise, why is society prolonging the suffering of the individual first?
Hence, since I am terminal with cancer, and society here in Michigan won't let me die, I will prolong societies' suffering, due to that must be how society wants me to treat them since they treated me that way first. I will do it via telling society the real truth about life and their future.
The 6th mass extinction event has already started on this Earth, most of you are all going to die, most probably a horrible death too. AND life itself is all ultimately meaningless in the grand scheme of things, at least from Earthling's perspective. There is more, but I will prolong your suffering. (Just trying to keep the suffering books balanced here.)
Why won't you let terminally ill people die who want to die? Why are you prolonging the suffering of your fellow human being? But by doing so, and since you did it to me first, I have the 'right' per the 'golden rule' to now do it to you.
Paybacks can be a bitch. All you had to do was let me die. What was so terribly horrible about that?
Especially considering that our true destiny is:
1. We are ALL going to die one day from something.
2. We are ALL going to forget everything we ever knew and experienced.
3. We are ALL going to be forgotten one day in future eternity as if we never ever existed at all in the first place.
(Or so the current analysis that I have done seems to indicate).