Chola Empire Invasion of Srivijaya Empire
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 25 ноя 2024
- In 1025 CE, the Chola Emperor Rajendra I launched naval raids on Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia, Chola has been expanding to control maritime silk route by conquering Sri Lanka and Eastern chalukyas up to Pala Empire in Bengal. Several places in present-day Indonesia and Malaysia were raided by Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty. The Chola invasion furthered the expansion of Tamil merchant associations such as the Manigramam, Ayyavole and Ainnurruvar into Southeast Asia. The Chola invasion led to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya and the rise of Kahuripan Kingdom in Java. Nevertheless as Chola occupied with war in mainland india against the Chalukyas, Sri Samara Vijayatunggavarman manage to turn the tide and overthrow Chola yoke in the archipelago and helped the Sinhalese under Vijayabahu I in its struggle against Chola occupation.
Journey to Mecca: In the Footsteps of Ibn Battuta (2009)
Sinbad (2012)
Game of Thrones (2011)
Angkor: Land of the Gods (2013)
(2011) راه آبی ابريشم
The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012)
Rätsel um Tempelanlage Borobudur (2020)
Anna & The King (1999)
Puteri Gunung Ledang (2004)
Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (2011)
Lara Jonggrang (1983)
Ken Arok - Ken Dedes (1983)
Roro Mendut (1982)
Pesanggrahan Keramat (1988)
Satria Madangkara (1988)
Sesepuh Majapahit (1995)
Barakati (2016)
Babad Tanah Jawa (2014)
Sultan Agung: Tahta, Perjuangan dan Cinta (2018)
Veeram (2016)
தசாவதாரம் (2008)
காஷ்மோரா (2016)
அரவான் (2012)
பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 1 (2022)
பொன்னர் சங்கர் (2011)
அகவன் (2019)
ஆயிரத்தில் ஒருவன் (2010)
മാമാങ്കം (2019)
ഉറുമി (2011)
గౌతమిపుత్ర శాతకర్(2017)
ආලෝකෝ උදපාදි (2017)
මහරජ ගැමුණු (2015)
සිරි පැරකුම් (2013)
කාල (2017)
ทวิภพ (2004)
ตำนานสมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช (2003)
ปืนใหญ่จอมสลัด ตัวอย่างภาพยนตร์ (2008)
สุดสาคร (2006)
อุโมงค์ผาเมือง (2011)
不肯去觀音 (2013)
music:
Raden Agung - Fanfare of Srivijaya the Great Kingdom (Dato of Srivijaya Soundtrack)
Raden Agung - Nirupadrawa Subhiksa Wanua (Dato of Srivijaya Soundtrack)
Raden Agung - Pagoda of Srivijaya (Dato of Srivijaya Soundtrack)
Raden Agung - Marching of Srivijaya (Dato of Srivijaya Soundtrack)
Raden Agung - Main Theme (Dato of Srivijaya Soundtrack)
Richard Beddow - The Battle of Panipat (Empire Total War Soundtrack)
![Twenty One Pilots - “The Line” (from Arcane Season 2) [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/E2Rj2gQAyPA/mqdefault.jpg)
Hearing my native language Tamil in a video like this all of a sudden gives me goosebumps.... That too in such an old and pure form
Same feeling here, although I'm a Bengali, but it gave me chills hearing Tamizh. Cholas were a formidable power at that time.
Tamil hindu king was the greatest at that time.
One of the greatest empires of Bharat.
They took clips from Tamil movies in this video
@@arohitvarma9195 ill recognise dasavatharam anyday lol
OMG! The editing and even the languages match perfectly to each frames . Such an amazing job!!!
Yes, I agree. Its amazing, how does he finded the refrences?
@@negeridaridesa I have no idea!
@im hadmaster which the school u study good job
@@imhadmasterwhichtheschoolu1965 That's right bro.. they are Malay people who are ashamed to admit their ancestors were Hindu, maybe they thought their ancestors came from the Middle East even though only a handful of traders stopped by and married local residents, very different from the Javanese, they are people who are open about history
@@maulanarahmanfathur7126 just shut up, it’s none of ur business
*proud about our granddad* !.
long live his name.☺😁🐯. வாழ்க தமிழ்.வெல்க தமிழர். thanks for the content!
உண்மையில் அருமையான கானொளி வரலாற்றை இலகுவில் புரிந்துகொள்ள உதவுகிறது மேற்கே ரோமம் பாரசீகம் மத்தியில் தமிழகம் கிழக்கே தென்கிழக்கு ஆசிய நாடுகள் சீனா வரை நடந்த உலக வர்த்தகத்தில் ஶ்ரீவிஜயம் செய்த குழப்பத்தால் தான் இராஜேந்திர சோழன் இந்த கடற் படையெடுப்பை நடத்தினார் அதிலும் 9.00 போர்க்கப்பல்கள் முன்னேறும் போது வரும் பின்ணணி இசை மிரட்டலாக இருக்கிறது பொன்னியின் செல்வன் இரண்டாவது பாகத்தில் இதனை படமாக எடுக்க வேண்டும்
@abhi 😁😁😁😁😁
@abhi who speead sanskrit here??
@@righttime6186Why are bringing a Indo European language here ?
Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff."
Source: Song Shi. Page 489
Most underrated Indian royal Dynasty with there empire stretching from peninsular India to south east asia , with such a formidable maritime power 🚩🙏
@@myindia9232 You have minimal knowledge of the subject . Migration never happened at once . The same way it can be said that all south indian people migrated from africa but it doesn't make any sense . Only politically motivated Tamils make such stupid claims .
@@myindia9232 What's wrong in migration ? Look at america which is a stolen land but it is considered most powerful democratic country in the world but that's not the case here . Earlier many tribes migrated from one place to another and that is known as natural human migration like your blackie ancestors migrated from African jungles 🤣
Most tamilian actors and cricketers have sanskrit name be it vijay or natrajan what's that then ? You need to read more and read right stuff not me .
@@myindia9232 Differences are not big but little you tamilians also follow same gods like us your women also wear sarees like us but the Dravidian idiots want to create a false history . We are one people from North to south and east to west children of bharat mata your politics cannot take away our real history .
@@myindia9232 Modern genetics prove india is a country with a mixed gene pool from North to south and we have steppe aryan , ancient indian and ancient Iranian dna . Some people have less of one or other and that's an issue of science , genetics and dna study and what happened 10000 years ago cannot make others as non natives or foreigners we are as indians and natives like any other our ancestors gave blood for bharat bhumi what has yours done ? Many indians who settle in foreign countries become citizens of that country within few years and they are not called as foreigners but part of that country and here you're calling your fellow countrymen as foreigners because their ancestors might have migrated thousands of years ago which is a really shameful thinking you need to be ashamed of yourself for such behaviour only those people who lack general knowledge , rationality , logic , basic education , filled with hatred can talk in this manner and dravidianists like you are masters in this satan's dirty trick .
@@myindia9232 Indian subcontinent is part of africa 🤣🤣🤣 wow your blackie African ancestors are in a good mood today to joke 🤣🤣🤣
The reason of why Cholas invaded Srivijaya is because of trade conflicts. It is important to note that Indonesian sources said the Chola Empire did not annex Srivijaya, and Indian people did not came to Indonesia as invaders or conquerors. The territories of Srivijaya was included within Rajendra Chola’s sphere of influence, but not as part of the Chola Empire itself.
Throughout most of their shared history, ancient Bharat and Nusantara (old name for Indonesia) enjoyed friendly and peaceful relations, therefore this Indian invasion is a unique event in Asian history. In the 9th and 10th centuries, Srivijaya maintained close relations with the Pala Empire in Bengal, and an 860 CE the Nalanda inscriptiom records that Maharaja Balaputradewa of Srivijaya dedicated a monastery at the Nalanda Mahavihara in Pala territory. The relation between Srivijaya and the Chola Empire of southern India was friendly during the reign of Rajadiraja Chola I. In 1006 CE a Srivijayan Maharaja from Shailendran dynasty - king Maravijaya Tunggavarman constructed the Kudamani Vihara in the port town of Nagapattinam.
Some Indonesian historian opined that the attack of Rajendra Chola to Srivijaya is a punishment for the Srivijaya harassing and oppressing Tamil immigrants and merchants in their territory with very high taxes. (This article detailed this opinion, but unfortunately it is in the Indonesian language Alasan Cola Serang Sriwijaya )
The Cholas sacked the Srivijaya Kingdom not because of expansionism but maritime rivalry.
The Chola dynasty that ruled South India for a long time, engaged in naval expeditions in the late 10th and early 11th centuries in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
While Hinduism and Buddhism spread in Southeast Asia much earlier, the Cholas came to focus on trade and maritime activities.
It was just a matter of time before the Cholas military and naval expeditions followed.
While the Cholas militarily expanded towards the Ganges River, it conquered Sri Lanka, considered part of South India by dispatching their navy.
Before the Cholas, there were no military or naval expeditions in Southeast Asia, only cultural and religious.
Unlike in India and Sri Lanka where there were attempts at expansionism, the Cholas under King Rajendra were not too keen to do likewise when it came to the Malay Archipelago.
As far as the Malay Archipelago was concerned, the Cholas were merely interested in trade and maritime activities. They wanted free and fair trade, not with restrictions.
As soon as the Cholas were engaged in trade and commerce in Southeast Asia, a maritime problem cropped up with the dominant Srivijaya Kingdom that controlled the seaways and land areas in Sumatra, West Coast of Peninsula Malaya and as far as the coast of Southern Thailand.
The Srivijaya Kingdom was a vassal of China under the Sung Dynasty. Then China was a power to be reckoned with especially in the seas of Southeast Asia.
The Srivijaya Kingdom recognised China’s status by giving it preeminent status as a maritime power.
In order to please China, the Srivijaya Kingdom downgraded the status of an emerging power of India under the Cholas.
It was a matter of time before unfair trade practices were imposed on the Chola ships including the imposition of unfair levy on their trade goods.
This was not acceptable to the Cholas as they preferred equal treatment on par with China. In the end, failing to convince the Srivijaya authority, they were compelled to declare war.
In and around 1023 AD, the Cholas invaded and sacked the Srivijaya Kingdom’s settlements along the coasts of the present-day Thailand, the West Coast of the Peninsula Malaya, including Kedah and Gangai Negara, the present day Beruas in Perak, the settlements as far down to the present-day Singapore and not to mention Palembang and other places on the island of Sumatra.
Historical records indicate that the Cholas were in the region for 66 years.
There was no expansion or control of territories, they came for a specific purpose, stayed for a while and left for India.
History also says that even the state of Kedah or Kedaram was restored to its former ruler.
It is wrong to say that Cholas was an expansionist or imperial power in regard to the Malay Archipelago.
The main causes of conflict between the Chola and the Srivijaya are as follows:-
1. Srivijaya practiced naval trade monopoly that forced Tamil traders vessels that passed through their waters to call on their ports or otherwise being plundered.
2. Chola invasion of Srivijaya By King Rajendra Chola.
3. Rajendra Chola I after the successful naval raid in 1025 married Onang Kiu, the daughter of Vijayottunggavarman.
4.The peace deal was brokered by the exiled daughter of Vijayottunggavarman, who managed to escape Palembang and came to the court of King Airlangga in East Java.
Hello, While I agree that it was most probaly the cause of chola vs srivijay war, I still dont get about your statement that SrivIjay is a vassal of China. AFAK, the chinese naval/maritime power is not dominant in SEA, not until 15th centuries when Majapahit had fallen and early malacca become chinese vassal to protect from Java, Pattani, and Khmer. Before that maritime SEA was dominated by Srivijay, Srivijay-Medang /Ancient Mataram in Central Java (Palembang Srivijay then attacked Medang, and finally Srivijay sacked by Chola), Singasari after Srivijay, and then Majapahit (east Java). Furthermore, as the video explained, both Chola and Srivijay had their own allies in Indochina and Malay peninsula, also Chinese didnt do something to defend its vassal ? Though I understand that these SEA maritime kingdoms often send tributes and emmisaries to maintain trades and relation. I personally even suspect that Chola naval is stronger than chinese at the time to came up with clever strategy and be able to defeat predominant force.
@@totokprasetyo5170 i'm agree with you. The statement about srivijaya was vassal of china i think it is not true, baseless.
vassal ndasmu!!
and waht u mean Nusantara mean old Indonesia? not event entirely true. Malaysia, singapore, brunie, thailand & philipines are also nusantara.
@im hadmaster which the school u study nope, no solid prove of that.
Definitely one of the greatest & most influential empires in history. Chola empire was glorious and Raj Raja Chola one of the greatest leaders ever.
poodah🤣
@@dzulk4117 bau kenapa sebab belacan😂
Imao🍺🤣
@@dzulk4117 ....poodah pinjaman dari chola gak
Yeah one of the greatest king in history.
Rajendra chola🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 kadaram kondan,gangai kondan,mummudi cholan,Siva patha segaran
Army
Soilders - 20,00,000
Calvary - 125,000
War elephant -60,000
Doctors -20000
Navy - 1000above
And that time one on only powerful army in the world 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Hoax
@@bedubed404 hoax in Indonesian history not in world history
@@ImperialIndic World? Winners can write their own history...
actually the number of army is exaggerated but, indeed chola was a conqueror on South Asia sea that time for about 100 years
@@bedubed404 the world don't fake history collectively. If all history is the same except one, so u know who faked it.
According to Chinese accounts, there was indeed direct Chola administration over Srivijaya for at least 50 years. An inscription in a Taoist temple in Guangzhou, dated to 1079 CE, declares Kulottunga, King of Chulien (Chola) to be the supreme chief of the Land of San-fo-tsi (Srivijaya). Kulottunga Chola died in 1122.
Sanfoqi wasn't Sri Vijaya. Sri Vijaya was invented by George Coedes.
@@cudanmang_theog well at the very least the kuttolunga ruled kedah, which he subdued in 1068.
@@mint8648 not even a single evidence found for the dumb conclusion of the Sri Vijaya scheme. There was many small independent Malay kingdoms throughout the Malacca Strait, eg Melayu, Kedah, Johor, Songkhla, etc but there was never a Sri Vijaya empire, which is a bad history/pseudohistory pill, a pure fraudulent forgery
@@cudanmang_theog not songkhla you mean langkasuka
@@cudanmang_theog al these Malay small kingdoms u mentioned were srivijaya's vassal under Mandala system
Being a Andaman Tamilan proud of our great great grandfathers chola dynasty ruled concurred all over South East Asia 🌏 Raja Raja cholazn
Chola never rule South East Asia. they just raid the port
Very great. We Thai people have acquired Indian culture and changed a bit to be our own culture.
Lol only Malay peninsula and Sumatra island
@Hari haran learn back history bro
@@Hariharan-gw1oe yes Islamic empires indeed invaded India, but they never invaded Southeast asia
I am proud of my ancestor Srivijaya (I'm Visayan from the Philippines strongest and bravest tribe of the Philippines ^_^
Srivijaya was an Indonesian/Malay empire
@@bobbyo3867 Philippines was part of srivijaya empire when it wasn't called Philippines
Benar, sriwijaya adalah sebuah kerajaan yang didirikan oleh Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa di pulau Sumatra yang meluas ke perlbagai tempat seperti pulau sumatra, pulau jawa, tanah melayu, segenting kra, khmer, sebagian pulau borneo, filipina dan bahkan ke Pulau Papua. Pada zaman sriwijaya, pulau papua diberi nama Pulau Janggi
@@bobbyo3867tolol
@@shahrulnizam5966 Papua cuman sampe paruh burung aja Tapi emang si Nusantara itu Dari Indonesia Malaysia Patani filipina selatan Sama Papua ya meskipun gak sampe ketimur
When someone says “only Europeans are imperial” I’m going to send them this video
Don't forget the mongol
@@widodoakrom3938 those are badass
The problem is Chola imperialism was financed by the Jew who used them as a proxy for world domination like they used the British and now use the Americans. In Sri Lanka the Jew had corrupted the Kingdom of Anuradhapura, and began pillaging it of wealth like they did to Babylon, Germany, and now America. When a new king emerged and expelled the Jew, the Rabban Dynasty of Jews financed the Cholas to conquest Lanka. Because 1,600 year old Anuradhapura Kingdom had by that point became broke and weak, the Cholas were able to sack it and continue southward until they hit a dead end. But after 100 years of Chola rule, Buddhism was made extinct in Sri Lanka and the Sinhalese and been subjugated to enslavement. The Sinhalese would break out of this, giving rise to the Kingdom of Polonaruwa which decimated the Chola at their heartland, paving way for the Empires collapse.
@@NarasimhaDiyasenaI looked up at internet but didn't find any mention of Jewry in India and Sri Lanka during those times.
I was thinking that too 🤣🤣🤣
Cholas had a great navy and elephants, skilled soldier forces to conquer the South East Asia with in a straight 1 year time ..
And it ended with being colonized by the British. It's common knowledge that not all supposedly strong and powerful nations have a fortunate fate.
I am Indonesian Muslim but my ancestors were Hindus.
Whoever your kingdom but we Southeast Asians and South Asians are Hindus children.
We are the children of Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma
Even though today we are separated by religious differences, whether you are a Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim or Christian it doesn't matter most importantly we are brothers.
My name is Dheni Setyawan
But i think my name in sanskirt is
Prabhu Dhanu SatyaWarMan
प्रभु धनु सत्यवर्मन
That is really cool Hahahaha
Kamu punya sejarah bangsa kamu sendiri tetapi kamu dengan mudah menjatuhkan air muka bangsa mu sendiri demi dapat perhatian. Kamu harus sedar kamu itu adalah bahgian dari Austronesia atau Malay ancestors. Memalukan !!!
Good to hear bro ✌️✌️✌️.
Har har Mahadev 🔱
There is more than 274 ethnicity in India and every religion of the world which is not found anywhere is also safe by taking refuge in India and 1400 years ago and more than 2000 years ago only one religion was in the whole world, which is the world's first and oldest : Hinduism, the descendants and lineage of Hindus is spread all over the world
Now the question is about you, then you people believe in the Ummah, not the country.
Lovely salute to all our brothers and sisters of Indonesia
@@ahmadsadeq4530 malay were hindus too..
@@harisingh-uh7qy the first religion was Islam by the first Human was Prophet Adam and his wife was Siti Hawa. They worship Allah after coming down from Heaven
Yes, modern Visayan people of the Phillipines are basically the descendants of the Srivijayan Empire from Sumatra...
Yes. They are from Hindus/Buddhist Srivijaya Malays not Chola Indians. I dont know why in wikipedia Sri Lumay is from Chola Dynasty. Who edited that wiki. If u read the Laguna Copperplate, u can clearly see it was written in Old Malay with some Javanese word, and some local Tagalog and Sanskrit honorific titles. I am a Malay and can understand more than half of the inscription.
@im hadmaster which the school u study Indianized kingdom but Malay by race/ethnic.
@@harryrinaldi2812 srivijaya is only Buddhist Kingdom, not hindu.
@im hadmaster which the school u study Sriwijaya is not hindu, they was buddhist.
@@mitsubishi3285 thrs collective of Dharmatic faith in srivijaya
Mahayana Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism, Hinduism
and Animism.
Sriwijaya was a federation. Most of chola hit located in the now days Malaysian territory. They even installed some chola into the royalty, that is why we got a "raja chulan" title. A title that unknown in the Indonesian part of territory.
Good information for the detail
@im hadmaster which the school u study every kingdom in Hindu-Buddha Indonesia was indianized. But none of the royalties were cholan. You just shoving those names out of no where. Implying Hindu-Buddha kingdoms royalties were cholan/ South Asian, is as BS as claiming Islamic kingdoms and modern day Indonesian government rulers as Arabs 😂
@im hadmaster which the school u study Indonesian historian never reject the truth about history. From beginning, in all of your statement, you never put the sources. There was a habits of our ancestor, to notes some of important moments and incidents, including their true country (if Hindustan was their true country) but there's nothing. And also if we compare the skill of sail and sea navigation, in that old times, according to the notes of European historian, the only greatest sailor of southeast Asia, with their legendary ship 'Jung Java'. Not tamil, babu, cola or something like that.
@im hadmaster which the school u study source : trust me im a gamer.
@@jonpaul3868 that is right there is no way they gonna let that happen because in acient Indonesia with Buddhist influence blood is important. many Chinese have been there for millennial (most of them are refuge from masive war in china) and never even been a royalty(the closest thing are langfang and that is not even a proper kingdom but one of many companies that take part kongsi war or companies war). and Majapahit is Javan empire not malay empire (even in name of majapahit is javanese for bitter fruit) and they born because failed invasion yuan/mongol to Sriwijaya. and this record not only present in Indonesian records but also in Chinese records as well. i swear to god many young Indians eat Hindu supremacy propaganda like a cake.
Dari sini kita paham klaim China soal laut Natuna Utara adalah klaim absurd 🤣,karena peguasa lautan disana dari Sriwijaya ,lalu beralih ke chola 🤣,masa seorang penjelajah seperti chengho yang hanya singgah sebentar dibilang pernah berkuasa disana 🤣🤣🤣🤣.
Dimana2 semua orang tau sifat cina itu serakah,mangkanya dibantai Jepang
Otak cina sebelas dua belas ma otak Yahudi, gan. Asal klaim seenak jidatnya
jelas klaim cina itu mengada2.. penguasa laut china selatan itu pedagang2 nusantara, catatan sejarah bilang klo kapal2 dari jawa itu gede2 ukurannya. sejak joko tingkir jadi penguasa demak dan pindah pedalaman, kejayaan maritim juga hilang.
Raja chola hanya berkuasa sementara dia memulihkan kedaulatan Sriwijaya & Rajanya setelah Raja Sriwijaya bersedia bersujud dikaki raja chola sebagai wujud takluk+permohonan maaf.
Catatan kekalahan Sriwijaya atas invasi Cholamandela disebabkan faktor krisis dalam negri akibat berlarut2 terlibat konflik dngn Medang
@@MRNDESO-ps7bz waktu itu blm majapahit, tapi Medang (mataram hindu) yg pada akhirnya kekalahan sriwijaya ini membuat melayu berdamai dengan kahuripan.
Wow this video gives a brief explanation of Srivijaya kingdom and how some nations appear from the war of some kingdoms. From Srivijaya to Majapahit (after that). Thank you from Indonesia. It's awesome
edhaje is indonesian too, I believe
Nusantara not indonesia
@@christianwinata2983 dia lupa samudra pasai
@@christianwinata2983 Indonesia ❤ but including malaysia, thailand, Philippines
The best navy in this world was only in the hands of the Cholas.🔥❤️
Semma bro
@@ArghyadeepPal how do u know thamizh
@@harisvc6665 I don't actually know Thamizh, but just a few Thamizh words.
The British royal navy says hi
@@ArghyadeepPal Bro i am tamizhan. Your non offensive love towards tamil makes me to feel goosebumps. My salutations to you. India needs more people like you.
I loved you work man, நன்றி
So cholas actually conquered most northern part of southeast Asia
No expansion .cholas made an ally with khmer.
No they are get failed. Even yuan mongol get failed to invading southeast asia
@@mitsubishi3285 no the didn't fail. Cholas control south east Asia for 300 years.
Chola invaded almost entire south east asia . Rest of them weren't invaded but had heavy chola influence
They not conquered southeast asia even they cant conquered sumatra island but some indian people now always glorifying chola attacked as conquered of southeast asia which is wrong,hindu and Buddha came to southeast asia because traders and And intellectuals long before chola attacked sriwijaya incident
What a beautiful, artistic way of telling history!
Now I will try to find a book to read more about the Chola empire!
Watch ponniyin selvan released today another one pride movie from tamil cinema. i think english language also available
@@ManiKandan-hc7fx based on a fake ass novel
@@XRajakumaraa95 that novel is a mix of fact and fiction. The reason is nobody knows who and how formed a plan to kill Aditya Karikalan. Only that dangerous and dark period of chola empire was fiction. At the end it got tethered with history.
And eventhough majority of it is fiction it gives an idea about Chola. It's a good start to learn.
@@aasamspb967Bro , It is mentioned in Tamil inscriptions that Four Brahmins killed Aditya karikalan
@@mscreationworks5787 nope it didn't.
Rajadhiraja Chola faced multi-front war from all directions. Wow!!!
From the North - Western Chalukyas
From the West - Cheras
From the South - Pandiyas and Vijayabahu of Sri Lanka
From the East - Srivijaya
Damn! I wouldn't want to face such a nightmare war.
And yet Cholas prevailed (albeit with a loss of territories) and managed to vanquish all enemies during Kulothunga Chola rule.
Hats off!
Yes
Except pandiyas😅
Greatest navy any Hindu or anyone from Indian ocean had was the Chola navy between 10th and 12th century
Lol get kicked by kahuripan
@@widodoakrom3938 what????? Why false narration. It is not that humiliating after all Indians were superior to you at that time
@@prosperousangel6965 Indian? There's no such thing named "indian" back then peoples at that time it was the Tamil and they didn't event to dare to attack kahuripan aka the Javanese kingdom so the alternative routes in Sunda strait remains open
@@widodoakrom3938the term people referred to them were cholas rajar and there wasn't no term called tamil used for them
@@BsksunChola itself Tamil
They used Tamil Pallava brahmi script for writing
I am a Filipino 🇵🇭 of Cebuano (Visayan) ethnicity in Northern Cebu, Philippines 🇵🇭
Daghang salamat kaninyo tanan
Cebu's king was of cholan lineage when spanish army arrived there.
Indian kings were deadly when their trade routes were challenged.
Tamil Kings....
I was just wondering, how communications was done during those warring days? Chola's official language was Middle Tamil, Srivijaya's was Old Malay, and Kahuripan's was Old Javanese. These are vastly different languages (sure, Malay and Javanese are sibling Austronesian languages but the difference is quite big). Surely there must be communiques detailing diplomatic attempt to resolve conflict, or diplomatic attempt to confirm surrender. Was it done in Sanskrit, the substrate language in all three languages, I wonder?
The old language of NUSANTARA between island to island for trading, business etc was the trade old malay language (melayu pasar kuno) and nowadays it has involved with many influences for centuries and becoming as we known today as Bahasa Indonesia.
Yes, Sanskrit is the connector between India and Indonesia at the time. Some of old Javanese was influenced by Sanskrit so there is connection in the language
They used Sankrit
They communicate through sharing written language sanskrit. Everybody understand sanskrit as it was lingua franca for millenials... This is how easily hinduisme spread to nusantara those day
Tamil is a lingua franca for trade during those times.. Even the Portuguese traders acknowledge that
Srivijaya is Sriwijaya Kingdom located in Sumatera Island, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia,
Palembang is the capital city there. I'm from there, need to watch this movie, where I can find this full movie?
Yes I NEED IT
Raja raja Chozhan and Rajendra Chozhan are great kings 🔥🔥. Proud to be a Tamilan
Don't forget karikala cholan.
What's chozhan
Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff."
Source: Song Shi. Page 489
@@tiadanama4512 hahahahhaha stop it please i can't stop laughing... Please don't say this to anyone..
@@dharmamvibe5430 been saying everywhere and will keep saying it
My ancestors were sailors(the first human to successfull Circumnavigate the earth, he is Enrique moluccas(maluku Island),they were great, greetings from East far, hind/srandep, swarna dwipa, java dwipa(atala)lemuria,varuna dwipa, sula dwipa nusantara Indonesia... Is a wonderland... The motherland of the world and universe.
Just aking don't take it othereise please. Are you still hindu 🕉 or muslim? were your ancestors belong to hindu religion?
@@IshantSrivastava-mj7wkIndonesia majority religion now is Islam, you can see Islam and Muslim everywhere in Indonesia it happened when the Hindu Empire of Majapahit collapsed due to Demak Sultanate and sultanates emerges everywhere in Indonesia.
In Bali Island Indonesia the majority is Hindu, but Balinese Hinduism is really different with Indian Hinduism.
I am Catholic Christian.
I don't think this video receives enough credit it deserves... Very underrated. Keep up the good work sir.
Imagine if we still had the ancient cultures and nations but with modern technology. Would be so much cooler.
we will just have world war but they speak sanskrit
@@ENGRAINING no one speak Sanskrit
Founder of Navy.... Indian Ocean King 👑🔥🔥.... rajendra chola the great....
Loll😂
Read history 🤡 @@FlyHighx7
Chola don't attack Srivijaya. Srivijaya attack chola. Here is an excerpt from a letter written by a Song dynasty official to his emperor. "Chola kingdom is subject to Srivijaya. This is why we wrote to its ruler on course paper with an envelope of plain stuff."
Source: Song Shi. Page 489
@tiadana😂ma4512
@@tiadanama4512 the letter is real but ur ruler "lied" in the letter, He was boasting his power infront of the chinese court abt cholas being their vassals and shitz, Infact this lie alone was the reason why cholas conquered u, cus they saw this as an insult. They conquered u, Ur emperor was captured alive and his daughter was taken away as a bride to India by the emperor as ur capital was burning to flames and ur cities were getting looted.
Baru aktif lgi kh min?
Lihatlah Sriwijaya ...kerajaan di Nusantara ini ....yg persatukan kita bangsa nusantara....🙏
Majapahit
@@lutfi888 yg nguasai setengah pulau Jawa itu ya
@@lutfi888kalo sriwijaya terbukti kerajaan besar dengan bahasa Melayu nya yg menjadi lingua franca sampai saat ini bahkan menjadi cikal bakal nya bahasa Indonesia, majapahit apa? Cuma dongen kerajaan yg sebatas nguasai pulau Jawa aja dan itu pun hanya setengah pulau jawa udah jadi rahasia umum bro
Rich heritage of Hinduism and Buddhism in South India and South east Asia can be seen. Imagine the South Indian Cholas colonising and plundering the wealth of South East Asia then. Great fightback from the South East Asians too. The British they say have probably plundered more from India and South East Asia, but nobody talks about the Indian super power who plundered South East Asia back then.
Well technically chola only plunder Malay peninsula and Sumatra island
@@widodoakrom3938yes but their influence is all over south east asia
@@raghuls1515 wrong
@@widodoakrom3938 every kings in SEA paid tribute to the emperor rajendra chola ...the controlling of malacca made cholas more rich eventually cholas become the richest empire in the world ... Which reflected in their grand architectures ....imperial cholas had 1.the greatest emperors of its time - Raja Raja the great , rajendra the great ...
2. Most powerful navy of its time
3. Largest GDP of its time
4. Finest architecture of its time...
@@raghuls1515 source: trust me bro besides there's song dynasty and Seljuk turk who was more powerful than chola empire in 11th century chola empire couldn't do whatever they wanted bcs it would triggered song dynasty
Saya bisa memahami peristiwa tersebut dan jadikan pembelajaran berharga bagi generasi berikutnya, agar tidak melupakan siapa jati diri kita berasal...
We'll say bro. I'm Indian born in Malaysia. Banyak sejarah telah dimusnahkan masa British.
@@suhansathuraman6548 Sejarah ape bro....kasi cerita
Proud to be a tamilian from Thanjavur chola place
Wow, thanks for your effort in compiling this awesome clips of video and summarize the long history of the Nusantara!
as a javaneese, i can confirm that the medang king is speaking gibberish
Luarbiasa..paduan film..Rajendra cola..yg menyerang Sriwijaya..entah apa penyebabnya...dn inilah penyebab Sriwijaya kemudian mengalami kemunduran.
Sri Vijaya lied to chinese that they control bay of bengal and collected ship protection fees. Cholas were actual control of bay of bengdl. Cholas got angry that sri Vijaya collected that and attacked
In Nalanda India
inscription discovered by Hirananda Shastri in 1921 in the anteroom of the Nalanda Monastery, Bihar-India. This inscription describes king Devapaladeva from the Palla Kingdom (Bengala- India) who has granted Sri Maharaja's request from Swarnadvipa (Sriwijaya) to build a Buddhist monastery in Nalanda. In addition, there is a statement that five villages in Calcutta-India are exempt from taxes for the purposes of the Buddhist mission of the Srivijaya Kingdom in India.
This inscription dates to 860, from the interpretation of the manuscript mentions Sri Maharaja in Suwarnadwipa, Balaputradewa son of Samaragrawira, grandson of Śailendravamsatilaka (mustika of the Śailendra family) with the nickname Śrīviravairimathana (killer of enemy heroes), Javanese king who married Tārā, son of Dharmasetu.
This inscription is in Sanskrit and is written in Pallawa script. The following is the translation of the contents of the Nalanda Inscription according to Cœdes:
"We were asked by the illustrious Maharaja Balaputradeva, king Suwarnadvipa through a courier arranged by me to build a monastery at Nalanda which this decree granted to dedicate to the blessed Buddha, the abode of all the great virtues such as prajnaparamita, for worship, offerings, knowledge , shelter, alms, bed, needs of the sick like medicine;
There is a kind-hearted king who comes from Suwarnadwipa(Sumatra) named Balaputradewa from the Sailendra dynasty who is a Buddhist descendant of Wirawairimathana who helped spread Buddhism in Nalanda India.
Sriwijaya and Sailendra Buddhists helped spread Buddhism at Nalanda University in India but here it is said that the Cholas attacked Sriwijaya instead????
Srivijya did not spread budhism to India, it was the other way round. Lands were given to vassal kingdom to build Buddhist vihara out of religious values. Dont get confuse and twist the fact,
Proud to be a cholan
🕉️⚔️⚔️⚔️⚔️🚩🚩💪💪💪
🕉️🚩🕉️💪🧡🕉️
🙏🙏I watched PS1 Ponneyan Selvam (Tamil version) and was so impressed that I had only one question for not just Tamilians but all Bhartiya people - From the great dynasties liked Cholas whose Thanjavur temple Gopuram is way difficult than the pyramids, how come some white races and their periyarite-Evangelist-Crypto brown Sepoy have made us so pissfull idiotic confused people? I feel so cheated...
@@amitpratap7551 That's because we weren't united and we trust people easy because we are such people and that messed up 🤦🏻♂️
@@amitpratap7551It is Fake story created by Novelist
Most of the characters appear in the movie does not exist in History
This was a really well-composed video, seeing all the different regions join the scene.
I love your shows. They portray the history of a region we in the West rarely find out about. Your production values are outstanding; the historical knowledge you impart, nonpareil.
I have one request. You give a map study of the situation in the first few minutes of the show. Thereafter, we are adrift in a sea of five- and six- syllable kings' names, races, cities, nations and states at war and at peace with one another, familiar to your native audience, unfamiliar to us in the West. More detailed maps in each show, intermittently, please!
Kisah negara negara berperang di wilayah samudra Hindia. Bisa buat game ini kayak total war, apa jenis Shin sangoku jidai.
Chola history powerful 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
What happened at last all were massacred
@@souravkumarpandey6691 no one massacred but Finally Tamil Chola Empire invaded by another Tamil Kings Pandyas and they ruled later Pandyan Empire
@@righttime6186 please see the video don't live in foolish dream
@@souravkumarpandey6691 i already saw the vedio
@@righttime6186 ok then be happy
Watching with full of tears,my cholla empire how great was they are at the that time,but now their decendants of now the last cholla king living like nothing now so sad🙏😓
Nusantara(Indonesia) aku sangat mencintai negriku, dahulu Indonesia di sebut Nusantara, pasti kalian tidak tahu bagi yang bukan orang Indonesia
oran malaysia brunei & singapura tau
yups, sebagian dari sriwijaya adalah malaysia, sriwijaya pakai bahasa melayu kuno..
di yakini yg menyebarkan bahasa melayu adalah sriwijaya
@@jayationg3089 tp di semenajung banyak tamilian ,malaysia bukan nusantara,tapi tanah kekuasaan tamil dri jaman sri wijaya sampai sekarang tamil lebih banyak disana,yg masih nusantara ,brunei,indonesia,malaysia dh ke lelep tamil dri dlu,buahahaha
@@acepnanangnanang4069 tamil dan tionghoa pendatang, menang populasinya besar, hampir setengah populasi jika di gabung...
Kemana aja? Orang malaysia sama filipina masih menyebut Nusantara sbg nama lain dari bangsa mereka.
great video as always! btw , can u do a video about the Bagan kingdom , from its rise to its fall? thanks and cheers.
I'm doing a colossal realistic map of the world for Age of Empires 2 HD which I don't lan on sharing with anyone unworthy. It's been about a month of workingn on it, and I'm still not finished with the forms of the continents, but I'm almost done with Eurasia's mountains and shapes. I almost can't wait for getting to see India VS China, or Malays VS Mongols or The Mongol Empire VS Europe or Africa VS Asia or América VS Asia. I have other gigantic maps available for anyone interested, in my earlier uploads mostly.
But this map is 4X bigger than "gigantic," just like my map of América where it takes over five minutes for a trade cog to travel from London to Hong Kong through the Northwest Passage.
One of the scenarios I plan to do on this pending one is Cholas VS Proto-Indonesians.
Man, PRC claiming most of South China Sea through their 9 dash line and ROC through their 11 dash line, applying the logic of "belonging to China since ancient times", I think Tamils and India now should also apply the same logic to claim most of the eastern Indian Ocean and entirety of Malacca strait as ours lol giving the same logic "since ancient times" lol. (Before anyone gets offended, this is a sarcastic comment highlighting the ridiculousness of the "since ancient times" logic, that PRC often uses to claim territories of other countries)
U are going to make conflict against Malaysia Singapore and Indonesia
I believe when India becomes technology strong, it will do… but first BJP should be removed.
Tamil was the Lingua Franca of the maritime trade of the entire southern hemisphere for thousands of years. You have Tamil merchant guild's stone inscription scattered all over SEA and pot spread with Tamil names at red sea port. If you don't believe Google Tamil inscriptions in Myanmar, Thailand (gold touch stone tamil inscription), Thai King coronation ceremony by reciting Tamil திருவெம்பாவை, Indonesian inscriptions , combodia temple inscription , Vietnam Tamil inscriptions , ghengis khan grant Tamil temple inscription to name a few.
This is very interesting!
I should read more from this story later... Thank you for the best editing!
👍
Can we get more ottoman videos? Sulieman specifically
No
He probably already did Lepanto, when the Spanish Empire saved Europe from Islam. The other day a Portuguese idiot claimed that the Portuguese were called by the pope to join in the Mediterranean agaisnt the Turks, but in English's (therefore anti-Spanish) Wikipedia article on it, there is no mention whatsoever of the Portuguese.
Sultan Suleiman
As a Filipino, the last part where Datu Puti and other 9 rulers arrived on the islands that would become the Philippines. 🇵🇭
Panay island
So unfortunate they are US allies now 😢.
@@anartaroy711 sad reality 😢
Our ancestors was living life between wars now we are complaining about internet connection
I like the way you compile various kingdom movie into one vid. So simply to watch the of history
Woww ❤kerajaan indonesia/nusantara adalah yang terhebat❤ aku dari suku jawa bangga menjadi rakyat indonesia❤ ... sungguh indah negeriku ❤
Untuk admin kontenya bagus dengan pengambilan gambar yang terasa nyata klo dibuat film mungkin ini akan jadi film favorit q 😂
Amazing work adding the AOE 2 sounds! Love it!
Sejarah ini menceritakan perang hindu vs budha. Setelah srivijaya kalah, negara bawahannya langsung merdeka. Orang srivijaya adalah orang austranesia. Srivijaya adalah pusat pembelajaran agama budha. Hindu dan chola sangat cemburu dengan kekayaan kerajaan srivijaya dan agama budha. Sekian terima kasih
👍
Sebab utama perang nya itu sebenarnya konflik dagang, kalo permasalahan agama itu bermula dari dinasti Syailendra yg mengubah agama ke Budha dan "menganakemaskan" agama baru mereka yg menimbulkan kecemburuan terutama dari saudara mereka dinasti Sanjaya dan Isyana.
Ini konflik perdagangan, jangat putar belit sejarah
Ini si ricky ariadi hanya lihat sejarah hitam putih, ga ada perang agama antara Chola dan Sriwijaya: itu hanyalah murni perang pengaruh dan perdagangan. Konsep Hindu itu sangat beragam dan itu konsep kepercayaan Indo-Arya sentris, bukan Dravida yang merupakan budayanya Chola.
Pergi bljr sejarah betul² lah ... Perang ini sebab perdagangan bukan agama ... Dan tahu tak berapa kaya kerajaan chola ini ? Sampai sekarang pun kawasan pegangan utama meraka kaya dengan apa apa saja walaupun dah sampai dkt² 800 tahun tanpa naungan orang Tamil sendiri ...
Excellent video, really appreciate the effort taken and please Indonesian people and others also should watch a new Tamil language movie has come out PONIYAN SELVAN-part1 on chola dynasty , with mixed fictional novel and very true legacy about the chola empire.
Orang Indonesia tidak tertarik nonton plem tamil😂😂😂
@@periawan8586yes they are interested in p*rn movies
We indeed really need a time machine to see the truth about the past.
One of edhaje's videos was deleted for some reason and I want to know the name of the video's song. And I believe that deleted video was on Japan's "Meiji Restoration".
Barus is currently a small town in what is now Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province.
Bang coba buat tentang serangan balasan sriwijaya ke chola ke daerah selatan india sama sri lanka yang menjadi salah satu faktor runtuhnya kerjaan chola,pasti seru tuh banyak yang nonton
🤣
Boleh bang beritahu saya dulu tak ?
@im hadmaster which the school u study jayavarman is Khmer king bro... Majapahit founder is Raden Wijaya
@@joel12388 they maybe didn't invaded India, but they did invaded Sri lanka
Dude cholas were weakened by cheras n pandyas from south india. No south esst asian kingdom ever entered indian region as there were already very powerful Kingdoms were there till 1200. After the Vijayanagara empire lost mughals started gaining power in india but before that none able to invade or conquer any indian region 🤦
Glad as South East Asian, knowing our region was very rich in history and culture
Amazing editing man💥💥💥 voices are also match perfectly
Thank you so much. Congrats your hardwork
love how u mixed seemingly random Tamil, Sinhalese and Malay(?) movies, as well as voiceclips from AoE 2 (lol😂) into a good historical documentary
keep up the good work 🤎
After watching this video South India was the true pride of Hindus.
Sriwijaya are budhist
See my video on my debate with a Hindu where I prove his religion is wrong.
The reason the unjust caste stystem remains in India, and always will, is for as long as Hinduism exists, its teaching that some humans are superior to others by birth, will remain, and when someone is blamed for misdeeds no one can prove they committed, that is called slander, and that is called evil. Hinduism is evil.
@@bosbanon3452 I'm talking about great chola empire🤦
@@scintillam_dei you are evil don't say bad things about others religion.
I'm not a hindu.
Well ... But Tamil empires don't usually identify their religion same as the one in north especially cholas ...
I also so proud with my ancestor Khmer Empire 🇰🇭
yes thanks for building the biggest hindu temple and the largest religious structure in the world, you took the arcitecture from cholas and outdid us in terms of scale . very impressive!
@@anitathakur9340 hahaha Chola didn't make anything
@@utaofficial2966 yes , khmer took inspirantion from cholas, it was the comdian hindu who build this temple, dont let tamil nationstist claim this
@@anitathakur9340 haha chola make what? rob
@@anitathakur9340 we, Khmer adopted the Indian culture, literature and religion from Chola( India). Therefore, we must do something to bring that very same culture to the next level during that time to show others of our share civilization. The Khmer Empire had also spread this culture within its Empire which included today Thailand, Laos and Southern Vietnam.
The Pandiyas Also Great Marine Navy💥 And the greatest empire in world history
Cuplikan film yg dipakai itu film produksi malaysia...dan bberapa dari indonesia
Zaman segitu Sriwijaya dan Khmer lagi jaya jaya nya Thailand blm ada
Instead of wasting money on useless masala movies and losing money Indian directors much consider of making a movie on chola conquest of srivijaya
Didn't you see there is a movie coming soon in India which is called Ponniyin Selvan which is the story about Chola Kingdom. There is actually 2 parts. The first part is coming on September 29
PS 1 is the answer
Wuiih udah lama ndak liat postingan di sini. Selalu amazed! Kenapa produser dalam negeri ndak mau bikin film ginian.
Produser dalam negeri lebih bangga mengiklankan Drakor...he he
Nanti kalo sudah di bajak Ama negri Jiran baru,kebakar jenggot..😭🤣😂😅🤑
Thank you for this video proud to me mukkulathor thevar cholas community of tamil peoples
Illa bro.. cholargal ellarum vellalargal,
Prof sejarah gak ada obat nih... lanjutken min...
Nicely done! i landed on your video, while casually browsing I thought it'd be another boring, yakety yak rehash of jingoistic myths. Yours was different.
I see you took the list of nations mentioned in Chola inscriptions, clippings from various movies and shows and Made it into a video.
I didn't even realise the clippings until I saw some familiar ones and your own description listing those movies. Good choice of clippings.
Overall, it was an interesting tale told through smart semblage of clippings. Your subtitles were apt and good, clean language. Like the way you covered the years!
Kudos. Hope to see more videos like this. Good luck!
It is not tale , it is History
Thanjavurrrr 🔥.. Goosebumps 🔥🔥
If only they would have traded fairly..Too bad!
The wrath of Cholas was too powerful.
Interesting Videos of Cholas! Do you have more videos about SriVijaya Kingdom and Indian connection?
What documentary/movie are these scenes from?
one day, India will rule Asia again, Jai Hind
Jai bharat
Beautiful Buddhist and Hindu civilizations.
Gautama, the Hindu heretics, contradicted himself, saying that freedom from sufffering comes by ceasing to desire, bu tnotice he never followed his own teaching, since he NEVER STOPPED DESIRING TO EAT TO SURVIVE, as provven by the fact that he didn't die of starvation. He DESIRED to eaet, and this inevitably means the RISK of NOT GETTING WHAT YOU WANT (at least on time), so he was NOT free from suffering, BY HIS OWN STANDARD, which means he is a fraud. SO-called "bUDDHA" was not enlightened, but just an agent of Satan to make Asia more atheistic, paving the way for communist shit to come, which would make places like China nad Vietnam and Cambodia, extremely atheistic places where, since atheist teach that humans are just accidents and animals, were places were people were treated as animals, and worse.
The architecture of "Buddhist" countries is the least appealing to me. Mayan architecturie is far superior in beauty, for example.
Cholas were tamils and if you want to see it from religion aspect well ... They are shaivites ....
Ikr 🥰🥰
@@joshuaniiroshan9306 shaivites are hindus
@@joshuaniiroshan9306 Shaivism is still a branch of Hinduism, like Vaishnavism.
Cholan da...... 🔥
8:47 to 10:22 pure goosebumps !!! 😊😊🔥🔥🔥
Terimakasih sudah diberitahu, saya bangga menjadi bagian dari bumi Sriwijaya, dari video ternyata ibukota Sriwijaya adalah palembang😊
Rajendra chola 🔥
Southern India was much more richer than whole middle east. Here they are showing wrong dresses of South Indians.
Actually Dresses are pretty accurate.
Bcoz Indian didn't used to wear much clothes bcoz of hot and humid weather.
Men :- Dhoti and Gamchha on Shoulder
That's it
Women : Thin sari With/Without blouses (depend upon area and culture).
o wow you still alive
Bro where part king cola has been kill by sultan from kedah tua kingdom?
what a beautiful film collaboration, I am so amazed
Kalo sejarah jalur sutra di sekitar selat malaka dijadikan film pasti seru
Seru tapi gakada yg nonton. Mayoritas bioskop di indonesia diisi remaja yg mereka suka hanya pacaran dan hantu. Kalau filmaker bikin film begini sudah pasti gak balik modal
@@instgtr5200 wkwkkwk ya isinya cinta-cintaan aja kalo gitu
There wasn't any budhha in 1000 year's ago because he born 200 year later in a hindu family and he was a avatar of Narayan.
🤣🤣🤣
Amazing work ...hats off
Saya Senang Bersejarah KEDAH Sejak Zaman Pahlawan KEDAH Antara Berdarah Antara Pasti Bangsa MELAYU KEDAH
Can you plz tell from where you take all these clips, I recognize only one clip the Iranian movie maritime silk road
Indian kings were praised by the north Indian historians and they fight in land only. The Chola emperors with a massive naval forces traveled up to present Malaysia, Indonesia and defeated that kingdoms.
In northern Indian many kings fighting with foreign invaders to protect their land in 12th century North Indian kings becoming weak and no one southern Indian kings helped to protect india result we lost delhi in 1192 then we know what happened
Good video :)
But he left us hanging on the fate of the Khmer.
I live in Cambodia, so I want to learn more about this humid place where smoking near babies is accepted because something is wrong with this people, and atheism has to do with it. I'm looking at you, Khmer Rouge.
Edhaje is back !