Brady your editing is so on point my man. The way you use editing to tell a coherent story like a script from seperate interviews is really good and makes learning all that more fun!
Facinating what we are able to understand through mathematical calculations. Dr Smethurst and Dr Copeland were excellent. I apreciated their breakdowns/explanations.
This was so fun. What was a dichotomy has become a blurred mess. It is great to have such major discoveries still being made, even if they won't get me replicators and warp drive.
At 2:43, the professor mentions that white dwarf stars are a remnant of a "regular supernova." My understanding was that white dwarfs are the end product of stars too small to initiate a supernova. Have I been wrong my whole life?
Probably a mistake on her part. Supernovae leave behind neutron stars or black holes. If any white dwarfs can be produced from supernovae, they must so rare that no references I've looked up ever mention them.
2:46 Are white dwarfs remnants of supernovas? I’m pretty sure white dwarfs come from the out layers of the star slowly evaporating (for lack of a better term) over a long period of time.
You're correct, white dwarfs are not the result of supernovas. It's strange because she even confirms her mistake later, when she talks about 2 supernovas being involved (3:36).
3:30 No, type 1a supernova involve white dwarf stars [1]. These objects are the end result of stars like our sun which end their lives *too small* to go supernova. Only with the added mass from a companion star do they go supernova. This happens once. Not twice. 1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova 2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf
One interesting idea is the possibility of finding optical counterparts for black hole mergers. If they could be found, I would think the number of "standard siren" data points would go up by quite a lot.
There is also a third way to measure Hubble's constant by analysing the light coming from distant quasars subjected to a strong gravitational lensing. The project is literally called "H0LiCOW" (H0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL’s Wellspring).
I so enjoy these videos. All of them, but particularly those that feature Dr Smethurst or Prof Copeland, because they gently lead me to the edge of the bottomless pit of my ignorance (I know, I'm a masochist).
That's funny. Back in the 90s there was an episode of Animanaics featuring Death. He said something about the beginning of time. The Warners asked him when that was. He said, "I think it was a Tuesday. Very few people know that."
Regarding the statement on all Type-A Supernovas blowing up with the same energy due to the electron degeneracy pressure; wouldn't the constituents of the white dwarf star influence the mass before the explosion? In other words, if the star contains material beyond electron degenerate matter, perhaps material it accretes from the red giant, or leftover material from the first supernova that didn't escape, wouldn't the mass in non-electron matter not contribute to the mass before explosion, but perhaps contribute to the brightness of the explosion?
I love how they pronounce " xxxx - ation " words :D the whole team sounds wonderful. I sometimes show some part of videos such as these to teach my kids about different accents :D
This particular discussion is about WYSIWYG and the Measurement of AM-FM time-timing modulation sync-duration integration.., ie quantization identification of holography and logarithmic condensation. Shining Laser Light on a Diffraction Photo or Grating is the best way to recognise temporal-spacing singularity positioning coordination in Perspective, the mental gymnastics involves visualisation of pure-math probabilistic relative-timing in which we are embedded, and nothing else. The Laws of Mathematics indicate the absolute fact of Infinity/Eternity Singularity Reciproction-recirculation distributed by e-Pi-i interference positioning ->holographic point projected pixel of ONE-INFINITY. Visualisation is difficult, putting it in words that someone with a mind already "full" of integrated knowledge can make sense of.. This is why "you have to think for yourself". Shortcuts like popping a pill or memorised mythological narratives are likely to end up in fantasy land.
In the early days of the universe, matter/energy was packed much more tightly together, which should imply, due to General Relativity, that time was running more slowly. Has that been taken into account in these calculations?
Imagine if we get it so precise one day that we could give a real "year one" and have the date marked as the exact number of years since then. True universal time.
Thanks. That was a lot more comprehensible than a video on a similar topic that I just watched. I would still like to have all the assumptions involved explained, though, such as that business about the "standard candles". You say something like, "We know how bright they should be." You don't say HOW "we" know that.
I did the math too, and I got Friday, November 13th at 2:19pm EST. I know the error bars are such that one can't really get that exact, but it was fun anyway. For anyone else that wants to do this, the LIGO detection was August 17th, 2017 8:41am ET
Yeah, I figured people would forgive me, since back then, only the space lizards had calendars, and their language requires two throats and an extensive knowledge of holographic theory.
When I took cosmology, the age of the universe was only 13.7 Gy and now it is already 13.8 Gy. Time sure flies fast.
13.97 Gy. Heretic!
I seem to recall the age being listed as 14.5 Bn back when I was in Uni (1990-ish)
I remember when the entire universe revolved around the sun and included all seven planets. Those were the days!
hpekristiansen it was Tuesday as well!
Now it’s 13.8 billion and one day.
Dr Smethurst is such an amazing addition to the team. And of course, everyone loves Prof Copeland!
I wish I had a teacher like Prof. Ed Copeland when I studied. Please keep the videos coming guys. This channel is one of the gems on RUclips.
what a great moment it is to be notified for a new Sixty Symbols video!! thank you!
Tuesday, March 6th, give or take a couple hundred million years.
This calls for a discussion of precision vs accuracy.
Sam
I second this
give them some slack... they didn't say if it was in the morning or the afternoon...
I second +12/-8 this.
Of course, they didn't even use the correct length of a year, which is 365.2422 days. They added about 110 million years of error just from that! lol
I am really enjoying Dr. Smethurst's contributions. Keep up with the excellent videos!
I see prof. Copeland, I press like.
The universe can be measured by how big his smile is
He's so loveable :)
Brady your editing is so on point my man. The way you use editing to tell a coherent story like a script from seperate interviews is really good and makes learning all that more fun!
Copeland will be giving a talk at my institution this upcoming tuesday. So excited!
How was it?
That are some nice vertical writing skills at 6:19.
7:57 is the probe saying that the rebels are on Hoth
Dr. Becky is lovely.
Facinating what we are able to understand through mathematical calculations. Dr Smethurst and Dr Copeland were excellent. I apreciated their breakdowns/explanations.
You drew that plot so quickly and neatly, even writing lopsided. And a convincing line through a point cloud like that! Wow.
I could watch Professor Copeland talk about the universe for days
I could listen to Becky for hours.
Another great video from sixty symbols!!! One of the greatest science channels on RUclips.
Finally we can celebrate birthday of the universe.
Thanks Becky. Love you.
Haven't seen the video yet, I just jumped out of bed because I saw the notification of a new video including Prof. Ed Copeland!
We need more Dr. Becky
It was a long time since you did a video combining two interviews in this way. Love it! 😍
Becky did a great job explaining in this video. Love these
My favourite topic! Great to see someone I went to uni with on these videos!
ED IS BACK!!!!! AND ALSO BECKY!!!!!
Edit: also assuming the statistics are accurate, big bang happened on Tuesday... wow!!! Brady is awesome!!!
Dr Smethurst's handwriting could be a font.
Dunno how some people can be that tidy.
Being someone who takes a lot of pride in the neatness of my handwriting, I don't know how people can't be that tidy.
Function over form, Dean.
She’s practically perfect!
@@Qermaq ew
Wonderful stuff. Thank you. Dr. Smethurst is the best.
This was so fun. What was a dichotomy has become a blurred mess.
It is great to have such major discoveries still being made, even if they won't get me replicators and warp drive.
I think this is the most beautifully succinct video you've ever made.
Another great video, Dr Becky is the best :D
I've missed ed doing all that physics stuff instead of these videos! ;´(
Love Dr Becky!
In Dr B we trust 👌👏
"Another great video, Dr Becky is the best ", yeah, and cute too.
Possibly your best video. Well done all in producing it :).
At 2:43, the professor mentions that white dwarf stars are a remnant of a "regular supernova." My understanding was that white dwarfs are the end product of stars too small to initiate a supernova. Have I been wrong my whole life?
Probably a mistake on her part. Supernovae leave behind neutron stars or black holes. If any white dwarfs can be produced from supernovae, they must so rare that no references I've looked up ever mention them.
You are very much correct, Richardfrieman.
march 6th is my birthday too.. gotta love Becky & Ed
A Tuesday feels about right for a universe to be born on.
I love the Star Wars reference muttered under your breath. It always bothered me that the film makers didn't bother to google that first
I understand the units work out. Can someone explain to me why the inverse of the Hubble constant is the age of the universe?
this was great, love the depth and fun
I ❤️ Dr Becky!
She's great
The last bit was really funny. Kudos. Cheers, Russ
I get irrationally excited whenever I see a notification for a new sixty symbols video.
Love your space videos so much
2:46
Are white dwarfs remnants of supernovas? I’m pretty sure white dwarfs come from the out layers of the star slowly evaporating (for lack of a better term) over a long period of time.
You're correct, white dwarfs are not the result of supernovas. It's strange because she even confirms her mistake later, when she talks about 2 supernovas being involved (3:36).
its amazing that people have figured this stuff out!
3:30 No, type 1a supernova involve white dwarf stars [1]. These objects are the end result of stars like our sun which end their lives *too small* to go supernova. Only with the added mass from a companion star do they go supernova. This happens once. Not twice.
1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova
2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf
I rewatched that bit 5 times before looking at the comments and wondered how that got past Prof. Merrifield. I thought he'd peer review these videos!
PhysicsPolice happy someone else caught it!
Was looking for this. Sounded kinda weird at first, when I watched the video, but then I double checked wikipedia and my instinct was correct
Yeah that weirded me out as well.
This was a really great video!
Dr Becky is the best
Another humbling video. Thank you for this information.
Count the rings?
Dr Smethurst is so lovely and smart.
One interesting idea is the possibility of finding optical counterparts for black hole mergers. If they could be found, I would think the number of "standard siren" data points would go up by quite a lot.
Unfortunately no such things are likely to exist for black holes. They can even swallow their own Supernova during birth.
Good to see prof. Copeland :)
fantastic video. one of the best ive seen.
What did he say from 12:04 to 12:30 ? Can anyone make me understand ? Plz .
Well worth all the effort to finally discover the day of the week the universe was born on! :D
Eds back!
COPELAND! You're why I keep returning
There is also a third way to measure Hubble's constant by analysing the light coming from distant quasars subjected to a strong gravitational lensing. The project is literally called "H0LiCOW" (H0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL’s Wellspring).
I so enjoy these videos. All of them, but particularly those that feature Dr Smethurst or Prof Copeland, because they gently lead me to the edge of the bottomless pit of my ignorance (I know, I'm a masochist).
Never could get the hang of Tuesdays...
COPELAND FINALLY! :D
That's funny. Back in the 90s there was an episode of Animanaics featuring Death. He said something about the beginning of time. The Warners asked him when that was. He said, "I think it was a Tuesday. Very few people know that."
Regarding the statement on all Type-A Supernovas blowing up with the same energy due to the electron degeneracy pressure; wouldn't the constituents of the white dwarf star influence the mass before the explosion? In other words, if the star contains material beyond electron degenerate matter, perhaps material it accretes from the red giant, or leftover material from the first supernova that didn't escape, wouldn't the mass in non-electron matter not contribute to the mass before explosion, but perhaps contribute to the brightness of the explosion?
Anyone knows what kind of glove that is in Brady’s office? Looks rather special 🧐
Why cant cephid variables be used instead of SN 1a type for closer galaxy?
2:50 Isn't a supernova remnant a neutron star, and a white dwarf the rest of a Sun class star?
Thank you a billion times for this great channel (and the others too).
Big Bang... on a tuesday... damn, I would have bet on a Friday.
How loud is a gravitational wave in freedom units? I'm American please speak my language.
Quality content as always my man keep it up
Goddamn she can hand-draw nice graphs really quickly!
Ikr! Beautiful handwriting, too!
Happy birthday Prof. Copeland!
One more awesome video! Thank you for that!!!
Awesome video thank you
I love how they pronounce " xxxx - ation " words :D the whole team sounds wonderful. I sometimes show some part of videos such as these to teach my kids about different accents :D
Great video, good job everyone.
Excellent video
How do they know what the apparent brightness of type I supernova should be? Its not like one is close to earth?
Not very tactful, trying to find out the exact age of the universe. It doesn't look a day older than 9 billion as far as I'm concerned.
LOL :-D
So perfect, Tuesday.
Well, at what time happened the big bang? I hope not too early in the morning, I'm more of an evening person.
4:42am
I slept through it and woke up just in time for the creation of the moon.
This particular discussion is about WYSIWYG and the Measurement of AM-FM time-timing modulation sync-duration integration.., ie quantization identification of holography and logarithmic condensation. Shining Laser Light on a Diffraction Photo or Grating is the best way to recognise temporal-spacing singularity positioning coordination in Perspective, the mental gymnastics involves visualisation of pure-math probabilistic relative-timing in which we are embedded, and nothing else.
The Laws of Mathematics indicate the absolute fact of Infinity/Eternity Singularity Reciproction-recirculation distributed by e-Pi-i interference positioning ->holographic point projected pixel of ONE-INFINITY.
Visualisation is difficult, putting it in words that someone with a mind already "full" of integrated knowledge can make sense of..
This is why "you have to think for yourself". Shortcuts like popping a pill or memorised mythological narratives are likely to end up in fantasy land.
In the early days of the universe, matter/energy was packed much more tightly together, which should imply, due to General Relativity, that time was running more slowly. Has that been taken into account in these calculations?
Is speed influences time what is our time relevant to the moving universe.
What time are we speaking of.
I've always been told, if you're going to start something new - always do it on a Tuesday..?
Isn't Earth gravitational time dilation change our view of distant galaxies speed and other stuff?
LordNezghul yes
Very nice video.
Imagine if we get it so precise one day that we could give a real "year one" and have the date marked as the exact number of years since then. True universal time.
Thanks. That was a lot more comprehensible than a video on a similar topic that I just watched. I would still like to have all the assumptions involved explained, though, such as that business about the "standard candles". You say something like, "We know how bright they should be." You don't say HOW "we" know that.
This was a fantastic video :)
Thanks for the video - fantastic stuff! Do you think you will get into trouble sampling that droid noise from "The Empire Strikes Back" at 7:57? :)
- i thought that they determined age of the univers by the distane in light years of the most distant visible galaxy , is this the same ?
Her handwriting is so perfect it's distracting... in a good way.
If you call that perfect...whatever
I did the math too, and I got Friday, November 13th at 2:19pm EST. I know the error bars are such that one can't really get that exact, but it was fun anyway. For anyone else that wants to do this, the LIGO detection was August 17th, 2017 8:41am ET
Yeah, but you forgot to incorporate that our calendar system changed several times in the last few thousand years ;-)
Yeah, I figured people would forgive me, since back then, only the space lizards had calendars, and their language requires two throats and an extensive knowledge of holographic theory.
we need WAY more sixty symbols videos
what date would you say
That awkward moment when universe doesn't start on a Monday, 1st January :D
So Tuesday really IS the first day of the week. I'd be darned to have gone to work on all these dreadful Mondays my entire life then!
Maybe do a video on negative mass, and if it could be real or what it would be like.
What coverage does the error bars have though ? - is it a 95% confidence intervall or a 99.99% ?
great explanation!
Oooooh, happy birthday, professor!!!
Absolutely loved this