It's interesting that aerobic exercise training can induce mitochondrial biogenesis, meaning the creation of more mitochondria. Considering exercise training is also linked to improved cellular health and muscle growth or maintenance, the question arises, does exercise training also stimulate the production of these alternative mitochondria that aid in building a cell?
Excercise induces an hypoxic environment in cells meaning they get starved of o2 because they dont get enough of it in time. This produces a chain reaction where your body gets the signal to produce more red blood cells, mitochondria in cells, growth hormone etc among other things to adapt to the metabolic stress. Blood flow restriction training actually takes advantage of this to help critically ill patients gain back their strength. Hour long high intensity training is equivalent to short low intensity training under BFR
This "begging the question" narrative is a stretch, but yeah obviously they've done these studies on mitochondria without the knowledge of their subpopulations so they were inclusive of all results which includes the "other" mitochondria
Right. Something is missing because when you have CFS/ME most people are hurt further with excersises. Not just resistant but one could just stop functioning mid functioning ya know?
I took Zoology way back in 1964 from a GREAT teacher, Mr. Cecil Johnson, and he taught us all all about Mitochondria. He is long deceased, but he would love this. Doctor George Whitehead
@ Stem cells can indeed survive without mitochondria for extended periods, which is fascinating since mitochondria are usually seen as the cell’s “power plants.” Without functional mitochondria, stem cells seem to rely on alternative energy pathways. Here’s how they likely meet their energy needs: 1. Glycolysis: Stem cells in this state primarily rely on glycolysis, a process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cell’s cytoplasm to produce energy. Unlike mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen and produces less energy per glucose molecule. However, in the short term, it can be sufficient to meet the minimal energy needs of stem cells, especially because they are often in a quiescent or low-activity state. 2. Reduced Energy Demand: Stem cells in a quiescent state have relatively low energy requirements compared to more differentiated, active cells. The reduced metabolic activity means they can get by on the limited ATP provided by glycolysis alone. 3. Alternative Metabolic Pathways: Recent studies suggest that cells might engage in alternative, non-mitochondrial pathways for producing ATP. Some cells can metabolize amino acids or other substrates through non-oxidative pathways to meet their energy requirements when mitochondria are absent or non-functional. 4. Environmental Support: Stem cells often exist in specialized niches within tissues that may provide them with support and metabolites, allowing them to function with less reliance on internal energy production. Some evidence suggests that stromal cells in the surrounding environment could provide energy-rich metabolites directly to the stem cells. In summary, stem cells survive without mitochondria by shifting to glycolysis and reducing their energy demands. This energy-efficient state, combined with potential environmental support, helps them survive long periods without oxidative phosphorylation.
@ have not watch any Dr Crusher podcasts. But if I understood the video correctly the data indicates that this function is something that can be activated while fasting. Is there a podcast you can recommend for me to introduce myself to Dr Crusher? Thank you
Mitochondria are old free-living organisms that came together with whatever chimera originated the Eukaryotic Cell we are all based upon; A remarkable discovery by one giant Lynn Margulis. Like ribosomes, they likely vary between cell lines in the same organism. I wonder if this brillant research and breakthrough (congrats) relate to heteroplasmy in any way... Hypocondriac mitochondria?!
Endosymbiosis is not the same process as formation of chimera (cell lines with distinct nuclear origins within the same organism, iirc). Again iirc, most of the original bacterial DNA has become nuclear, with only a portion remaining in our mitochondria.
@@Talus-Gort Check the early century work by W. Ford Doolitle. Eukarya cells seem to have sets of genes from eubacteria (mainly those related to metabolism), some related to Archea (those related to the Central Dogma processes) and some apparently from something else (maybe a deceased lineage). Some even extend the endosymbiosis premise to the cell nucleus (it has two sets of double-lipid layers). So, yes, ultimately the endosymbiosis scenario, of multiple lineages of organisms amalgamating into one coherent hole could be portrayed by a Chimera metaphor, a term that in Cellular and Molecular Biology alone has more than one potential figurative meaning (e.g. a chimeric recombinant DNA stretch). If one cell is spliced from two or three different organism (simultaneously or in steps) it seems chimeric to me. Reference 127 here supports both of our claims, in a way: www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07677-6
@@Talus-Gort ...and not only a portion of the proteobacteria-like ancestral DNA remaining in our mitochondria but, as the video explains, with several vital processes encoded from old nuke genes now found in the mtDNA. A sort of resident hostage scenario of Game of Thrones (or the War of the Roses if you prefer): Hey mitochondria, hold my beer, er, I mean, hold my genes.This way both parties are heavily dependent on one another...
It was not clear if these "two types of mitochondria" are actually two separate lines ("species") of mitochondria, with different genetics, or are the same genetic type of mitochondria expressing their genes in very different ways, that is, specializing in the same way as the cells of multicellular organisms specialize into different types of cells.
Interesting, but if you don’t mind I’d like to point out something about genetics. A hive of bees is genetically identical. The workers and queen share the same genes. The difference between the queen and her workers is the queen ate royal jelly. The food changed her epigenetics, so she expresses different genes than the workers. This is how important diet is.
@@-astrangerontheinternet6687 In the case of the mitochondria, all the mitochondria share the same "diet", that is, the same environment in the cell. So why do half of them start behaving differently? And how do they "decide" whether to behave in one or the other way? Randomly?
@@NiklasHolsti the mitochondria of a single individual, do not share the same diet. There are many substrates a mitochondria can use to make atp. Hormones and other factors impact which substrate gets preferential treatment, at the level of organ or areas of tissue within the organ. The presence of insulin, for example, prevents mitochondria from burning fats, which is usually the preferred fuel of most of our organs. Also, muscles that are worked harder will have mitochondria with different diets than muscles that are allowed to atrophy. We’re not a uniform system. We’re quite mosaic.
Fascinating thank you. "One, an expert in making ATP and looks familiar to the one you know from school" - I never learnt about mitochondria at school. We stopped learning about chemistry and biology when we started doing A levels.
My question is how did this thing evade discovery for so long? It does look visibly different enough for someone to have said, "Wait -- what's that one, and why does it look like that?" I have a feeling that it tended to be pointed out by first-year students, and the professor replied, "Well, some mitochondria just look like that, we don't know why. Moving on ... " That happens more than we would like in the sciences, where a potential discovery is staring us in the face, but the n00bs are the ones who see it, and they are often instructed to stop noticing it until someone higher up decides right, we're going to look into this.
It's not about noticing the mitochondria under the microscope but rather about finding the right conditions which will cause cells to produce the second kind of mitochondria
@@kektimus_prime9899 Still though, they must have been seen before now. Those conditions must have obtained in cells on slides before, meaning that they must have been visibly present before this researcher finally decided to find out what was up with them. I'm surprised it took this long for someone to ask the question.
we should digitalise research, especially the data collection part into bigger databases. Correlations of stuff happening occasionally 6 times out of 10 is not itneresting, but 5200 out of 10000 is. This way the rarer phenomena would not evade the only narrow minded people who are lucky enough to see it. Also with this particular example... effects after starvation means someoner forgot to feed the samples in the petri dishes, so they are hush hush about it.
Look up cell danger response. Dr. Robert Naviaux of UCSD. I'll be honest, it seems like there is some kind of resistance within academia to do certain kinds of research linked to chronic disease. It doesn't seem like it's that hard to observe this mitochondrial behavior, but it does seem like young postgrads are steered away from advancing research in metabolic disorders and disease stemming from innate immunefunction.
So prof craig is saying when cells are starved they tend to make new cells, which are more energy efficient than old cells, instead of giving old cells atp. And p5c molecule is precursor of amino acid, and ribosome use them for protein synthesis.
I'd love to know how this relates to ME/CFS where mitochondrial damage is one of the theories and issues recycling ADP back to ATP seem to be compromised.
It appears dysfunction of the brainstem/immune response may also be involved. Wonder if this immune response triggers a chronic repair state from the Mitochondria and they fail to switch back and the ones still producing ATP cannot produce enough ATP beyond the body's "sick" status.
Considering that non-OXPHOS, P5CS-containing mitochondria also need ATP for the first step (Gamma-glutamyl kinase activity): Glutamate + ATP → Gamma-glutamyl phosphate + ADP, and NAD(P)H for the second step (Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase activity): Gamma-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+ → Glutamate-5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + Pi, where does the ATP and NAD(P)H come from?
Cells may have many mitochondria, some might have hundreds if I recall correctly. Each mitochondria might have multiple copies of the mitochondrial DNA.
besides this, being round and relatively short is the reason it is such a primary seat for varied genetic markers, such as species barcodes. Easy to recover even from degraded DNA... The Ouroborus...
Just a few years ago, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center _ALSO_ found another new organelle within cells that is not contained by a wall, but stretches through the cell. I read about this not long after the discovery was announced, but I don't remember the details. Those MSKCC cell researchers are sure busy!
Is there a link to this paper - or title plus contributors names? I'd love to read it. That asked, there's no reason a mitochondrion - even a 'typical' ones with christae can't synthesize "building blocks". The Krebs/CA cycle can run in either direction based on local gradients - and there's some evidence that it originally ran in 'reverse' (building blocks not energy). Fascinating stuff - thanks for the video,
I do not understand the topic too well, but based on all the very informative comments, it did spike my interest to ask: Can we do gene testing that would confirm if this newly noticed organelle is indeed a mitochondria in all the sense of the word, or is this just another ramdom prokaryote that happen to be passing by and noticed something interesting happening and wanted to to do trio?
Synthases "do not require energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or other nucleoside triphosphates to form bonds. They are classified as lyases, which are enzymes that cleave chemical bonds without using hydrolysis or oxidation." Does this lack of reliance on ATP explain the segregation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) activity?
of course. all such investigations have the same perspective: we are investigating the evolutionary biology of an organism which develops from a progenitor cell which we use to identify that organism. For example, when I say, "your cat", I am referring to all cells of which the progenitor cell was your cat's mom's egg which "became" your cat.
@@Talus-Gort Why do you think we JUST went over the video together yesterday? Otherwise, there would have been no video. Are you expecting everyone to believe that how much you understand is a total mystery to everyone until we've already taught you what you didn't know (just so you can convince yourself that you didn't say anything embarrassing), while other people all around the world are constantly making fun of each other for not understanding things? I'm done explaining this to you like a robot. You're clearly trying to make it so that "only women can work as educators". Bam Margera never did THAT
How about assuming that it has been divided due to the fact that energy is scarce and can no longer fuel the larger structure? This is called mitophagy and relates to autophagy.
Yes, however most of the proteins localized inside the mitochondria are from both parents, such as P5CS. The electron transport chain proteins are however only inherited from the mother as they are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA that most of the time only passes down maternally unless rare circumstances.
@@Rudol_Zeppili The thing I find mind-boggling is that ETC proteins are produced by a mix of nuclear (both parents) and mitochondrial (mother only in 99.99%) genetics. And those proteins move electrons via tunneling so the fit between proteins needs to be near perfect. Tunneling drops as the gap gets wider and seems to stop at over 10 angstroms. At a wild guess, the 'match' between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes might be what determines which eggs are kept as a female embryo develops. Not credentialed, just fascinated.
@ honestly that could be the case, we don’t know all the processes which selects which eggs are kept, nor all the processes which eggs use to select sperm either, so that definitely could be something those processes look out for.
Another point of inquiry for further research. We know there are certain diseases of the mitochondria that aren't cancer. Do these affect one type or the other more prominently? Does this other new type play a role in the disease state, and can it be targeted for therapy? I'd love to run a proteomic analysis of such cells and see what genes such cells are expressing. It'd be a great way to start looking for answers.
In theory, yes. But, as this is a new discovery, a lot more research is going to have to be done into what even causes this secondary mitochondria to form and how it affects cell growth and function.
It's come to my attention the mitochondria are the single most important thing in the Universe for mankind. Beginning with mitochondria are the basis for the kind in mankind as in what relates us to one another from a single mother known as mitochondrial Eve.
I went back to touch it myself cause I felt a little cowardly but it was gone. 🙄 I figured it might go to a Google search and it sometimes takes me hours to break away from a Google search which is fine but I just finished dinner and I get dozy. 😴
I wonder how they differ in electric properties. The different biological components may need different electrochemistry to manufacture. There is also some new research about how Mitochrondia seem to be responsible for most cancers as well. Here is a lecture about it. ruclips.net/video/kDbZrYu4V1E/видео.html
CDR, Dr. Robert Naviaux, professor at UCSD. I've got a kind of CFS myself and it's just painful how slow research is going, but the UCSD genetics lab has been extremely busy last 10 years
Probably, scientists were able to evolve a single cell colony of fungus into a multicellular being, so i can't see why they can't just transform the living cousins of mitochondria into it
2:50 says they're the perfect one to take a picture of and then shows a cartoon. I was thinking when he said it that mitochondria don't take very good pictures. I guess cause they won't sit still.
Fun fact: You inherit your mitochondrial dna exclusively from your mother so if you are a guy then a massive mitochondrial descendent line just ended with you 😅
Very interesting, mitochondria are to me amazing. Now they are specialising. Sure there is more to mitochondria at the quantum level but I need someone who can explain it. We know that they do not depend on the food we consume alone to produce energy, they mainly use light. Did not realise how deep the energy of light penetrates our bodies. Please if you're interested look at mitochondria and light, melonin, deturium depleted water. Mitochondria produce water and use water. I have also watched videos of how our bodies produce light internally, to me mitochondria are interesting.
BABE WAKE UP NEW MITOCHONDRIA JUST DROPPED
😂😂gold.
I bestow you the title "winner of the internet" for today.
👇
no frfr
Haha too good 😂
Well damn, that is interesting. My mitochondrial education continues.
It's interesting that aerobic exercise training can induce mitochondrial biogenesis, meaning the creation of more mitochondria. Considering exercise training is also linked to improved cellular health and muscle growth or maintenance, the question arises, does exercise training also stimulate the production of these alternative mitochondria that aid in building a cell?
Excercise induces an hypoxic environment in cells meaning they get starved of o2 because they dont get enough of it in time. This produces a chain reaction where your body gets the signal to produce more red blood cells, mitochondria in cells, growth hormone etc among other things to adapt to the metabolic stress.
Blood flow restriction training actually takes advantage of this to help critically ill patients gain back their strength. Hour long high intensity training is equivalent to short low intensity training under BFR
This "begging the question" narrative is a stretch, but yeah obviously they've done these studies on mitochondria without the knowledge of their subpopulations so they were inclusive of all results which includes the "other" mitochondria
Right. Something is missing because when you have CFS/ME most people are hurt further with excersises. Not just resistant but one could just stop functioning mid functioning ya know?
I took Zoology way back in 1964 from a GREAT teacher, Mr. Cecil Johnson, and he taught us all all about Mitochondria. He is long deceased, but he would love this. Doctor George Whitehead
MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
that's the only sentence I remember from biology class!!
Oh I didn't know this. Thanks
Stem cells can survive without mitochondria for more than 30 days. Where is the power coming from…?! 🤔
@ Stem cells can indeed survive without mitochondria for extended periods, which is fascinating since mitochondria are usually seen as the cell’s “power plants.” Without functional mitochondria, stem cells seem to rely on alternative energy pathways. Here’s how they likely meet their energy needs:
1. Glycolysis: Stem cells in this state primarily rely on glycolysis, a process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cell’s cytoplasm to produce energy. Unlike mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen and produces less energy per glucose molecule. However, in the short term, it can be sufficient to meet the minimal energy needs of stem cells, especially because they are often in a quiescent or low-activity state.
2. Reduced Energy Demand: Stem cells in a quiescent state have relatively low energy requirements compared to more differentiated, active cells. The reduced metabolic activity means they can get by on the limited ATP provided by glycolysis alone.
3. Alternative Metabolic Pathways: Recent studies suggest that cells might engage in alternative, non-mitochondrial pathways for producing ATP. Some cells can metabolize amino acids or other substrates through non-oxidative pathways to meet their energy requirements when mitochondria are absent or non-functional.
4. Environmental Support: Stem cells often exist in specialized niches within tissues that may provide them with support and metabolites, allowing them to function with less reliance on internal energy production. Some evidence suggests that stromal cells in the surrounding environment could provide energy-rich metabolites directly to the stem cells.
In summary, stem cells survive without mitochondria by shifting to glycolysis and reducing their energy demands. This energy-efficient state, combined with potential environmental support, helps them survive long periods without oxidative phosphorylation.
YOOOO THIS IS SO COOL
3:11 P5CS pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase
Sounds like something Data and Dr. Crusher would be discussing.
@ have not watch any Dr Crusher podcasts. But if I understood the video correctly the data indicates that this function is something that can be activated while fasting. Is there a podcast you can recommend for me to introduce myself to Dr Crusher? Thank you
@@erikthompson404 It's a Star Trek reference.
@@thereadersvoice Thank you for the clarification. Seems that TV was very popular in the 1900s lol.
Mitochondria are old free-living organisms that came together with whatever chimera originated the Eukaryotic Cell we are all based upon; A remarkable discovery by one giant Lynn Margulis. Like ribosomes, they likely vary between cell lines in the same organism. I wonder if this brillant research and breakthrough (congrats) relate to heteroplasmy in any way... Hypocondriac mitochondria?!
Endosymbiosis is not the same process as formation of chimera (cell lines with distinct nuclear origins within the same organism, iirc). Again iirc, most of the original bacterial DNA has become nuclear, with only a portion remaining in our mitochondria.
@@Talus-Gort Check the early century work by W. Ford Doolitle. Eukarya cells seem to have sets of genes from eubacteria (mainly those related to metabolism), some related to Archea (those related to the Central Dogma processes) and some apparently from something else (maybe a deceased lineage). Some even extend the endosymbiosis premise to the cell nucleus (it has two sets of double-lipid layers). So, yes, ultimately the endosymbiosis scenario, of multiple lineages of organisms amalgamating into one coherent hole could be portrayed by a Chimera metaphor, a term that in Cellular and Molecular Biology alone has more than one potential figurative meaning (e.g. a chimeric recombinant DNA stretch). If one cell is spliced from two or three different organism (simultaneously or in steps) it seems chimeric to me. Reference 127 here supports both of our claims, in a way:
www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07677-6
@@Talus-Gort ...and not only a portion of the proteobacteria-like ancestral DNA remaining in our mitochondria but, as the video explains, with several vital processes encoded from old nuke genes now found in the mtDNA. A sort of resident hostage scenario of Game of Thrones (or the War of the Roses if you prefer): Hey mitochondria, hold my beer, er, I mean, hold my genes.This way both parties are heavily dependent on one another...
@@bigfootpegrande I know all this, but thanks for taking the time.
@@Talus-Gort sounds flimsy
I feel a little more smart today
*a little smarter
@@ricp7116I’m dead
No, you are not
Very, very cool study and finding! I'm sure Nick Lane will be all over this.
It was not clear if these "two types of mitochondria" are actually two separate lines ("species") of mitochondria, with different genetics, or are the same genetic type of mitochondria expressing their genes in very different ways, that is, specializing in the same way as the cells of multicellular organisms specialize into different types of cells.
Same genetics
i think too
Interesting, but if you don’t mind I’d like to point out something about genetics.
A hive of bees is genetically identical. The workers and queen share the same genes. The difference between the queen and her workers is the queen ate royal jelly. The food changed her epigenetics, so she expresses different genes than the workers.
This is how important diet is.
@@-astrangerontheinternet6687 In the case of the mitochondria, all the mitochondria share the same "diet", that is, the same environment in the cell. So why do half of them start behaving differently? And how do they "decide" whether to behave in one or the other way? Randomly?
@@NiklasHolsti the mitochondria of a single individual, do not share the same diet.
There are many substrates a mitochondria can use to make atp. Hormones and other factors impact which substrate gets preferential treatment, at the level of organ or areas of tissue within the organ.
The presence of insulin, for example, prevents mitochondria from burning fats, which is usually the preferred fuel of most of our organs.
Also, muscles that are worked harder will have mitochondria with different diets than muscles that are allowed to atrophy.
We’re not a uniform system. We’re quite mosaic.
WOW!!! Cannot wait to learn MORE🥰❣️
Fascinating thank you. "One, an expert in making ATP and looks familiar to the one you know from school" - I never learnt about mitochondria at school. We stopped learning about chemistry and biology when we started doing A levels.
0:50 HE SAID THE THING!!!
My question is how did this thing evade discovery for so long? It does look visibly different enough for someone to have said, "Wait -- what's that one, and why does it look like that?"
I have a feeling that it tended to be pointed out by first-year students, and the professor replied, "Well, some mitochondria just look like that, we don't know why. Moving on ... " That happens more than we would like in the sciences, where a potential discovery is staring us in the face, but the n00bs are the ones who see it, and they are often instructed to stop noticing it until someone higher up decides right, we're going to look into this.
It's not about noticing the mitochondria under the microscope but rather about finding the right conditions which will cause cells to produce the second kind of mitochondria
@@kektimus_prime9899 Still though, they must have been seen before now. Those conditions must have obtained in cells on slides before, meaning that they must have been visibly present before this researcher finally decided to find out what was up with them. I'm surprised it took this long for someone to ask the question.
we should digitalise research, especially the data collection part into bigger databases. Correlations of stuff happening occasionally 6 times out of 10 is not itneresting, but 5200 out of 10000 is. This way the rarer phenomena would not evade the only narrow minded people who are lucky enough to see it. Also with this particular example... effects after starvation means someoner forgot to feed the samples in the petri dishes, so they are hush hush about it.
Look up cell danger response. Dr. Robert Naviaux of UCSD. I'll be honest, it seems like there is some kind of resistance within academia to do certain kinds of research linked to chronic disease. It doesn't seem like it's that hard to observe this mitochondrial behavior, but it does seem like young postgrads are steered away from advancing research in metabolic disorders and disease stemming from innate immunefunction.
I know. You're right. It almost seems like a ruse.(?) @@jcortese3300
So prof craig is saying when cells are starved they tend to make new cells, which are more energy efficient than old cells, instead of giving old cells atp. And p5c molecule is precursor of amino acid, and ribosome use them for protein synthesis.
This causes me to suspect there are a great many specialized mitochondria. 🤔
This video worth thousands of like thx for your incredible input ❤🌺
When your mitochondria is damaged or faulty ... this is seriously news.
We got new mitochondria before gta 6
Such a lovely mitochondria!
I'd love to know how this relates to ME/CFS where mitochondrial damage is one of the theories and issues recycling ADP back to ATP seem to be compromised.
really hope this condition gets solved within our lifetimes, too many suffering
It appears dysfunction of the brainstem/immune response may also be involved. Wonder if this immune response triggers a chronic repair state from the Mitochondria and they fail to switch back and the ones still producing ATP cannot produce enough ATP beyond the body's "sick" status.
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell final boss
Considering that non-OXPHOS, P5CS-containing mitochondria also need ATP for the first step (Gamma-glutamyl kinase activity): Glutamate + ATP → Gamma-glutamyl phosphate + ADP, and NAD(P)H for the second step (Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase activity): Gamma-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+ → Glutamate-5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + Pi, where does the ATP and NAD(P)H come from?
Cells may have many mitochondria, some might have hundreds if I recall correctly. Each mitochondria might have multiple copies of the mitochondrial DNA.
besides this, being round and relatively short is the reason it is such a primary seat for varied genetic markers, such as species barcodes. Easy to recover even from degraded DNA... The Ouroborus...
Memes😂🎉🐙🍔🍕🍟
Just a few years ago, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center _ALSO_ found another new organelle within cells that is not contained by a wall, but stretches through the cell. I read about this not long after the discovery was announced, but I don't remember the details. Those MSKCC cell researchers are sure busy!
Is there a link to this paper - or title plus contributors names? I'd love to read it.
That asked, there's no reason a mitochondrion - even a 'typical' ones with christae can't synthesize "building blocks". The Krebs/CA cycle can run in either direction based on local gradients - and there's some evidence that it originally ran in 'reverse' (building blocks not energy). Fascinating stuff - thanks for the video,
Thank you!
For someone who had to repeat Cell Bio in 1977, because it was an 8 am class, this is fascinating.
8am class 😃
@@sogley As a freshman they put me in with a sophomore room mate who taught me how to go to frat parties and blow off 8 am classes. It was not pretty.
How did cells manufacture materials for cell division BEFORE the first mitochondrion was absorbed into it?
I do not understand the topic too well, but based on all the very informative comments, it did spike my interest to ask: Can we do gene testing that would confirm if this newly noticed organelle is indeed a mitochondria in all the sense of the word, or is this just another ramdom prokaryote that happen to be passing by and noticed something interesting happening and wanted to to do trio?
new mitochondria just dropped
We got a new mitochondria type before GTA 6 💀
Synthases "do not require energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or other nucleoside triphosphates to form bonds. They are classified as lyases, which are enzymes that cleave chemical bonds without using hydrolysis or oxidation." Does this lack of reliance on ATP explain the segregation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) activity?
of course. all such investigations have the same perspective: we are investigating the evolutionary biology of an organism which develops from a progenitor cell which we use to identify that organism. For example, when I say, "your cat", I am referring to all cells of which the progenitor cell was your cat's mom's egg which "became" your cat.
@@seanrowshandel1680 I know. The question was deeper than that.
@@Talus-Gort Why do you think we JUST went over the video together yesterday? Otherwise, there would have been no video. Are you expecting everyone to believe that how much you understand is a total mystery to everyone until we've already taught you what you didn't know (just so you can convince yourself that you didn't say anything embarrassing), while other people all around the world are constantly making fun of each other for not understanding things? I'm done explaining this to you like a robot. You're clearly trying to make it so that "only women can work as educators". Bam Margera never did THAT
Fascinating stuff - thank you! ❤
we really got a new mitochondria before gta 6
We got Mitochondria 2 before GTA 6
Is this new kind of mitochondria still the powerhouse of the cell??
Cool. Thanks for sharing.
We are what we eat.
We become what we think.
Mitochondria is life.
We need a religion bowing down to Mitochondria 🙏
Thank u for sharing sir
Is it still the power house of cell 🗣️
How about assuming that it has been divided due to the fact that energy is scarce and can no longer fuel the larger structure? This is called mitophagy and relates to autophagy.
Thanks ❤❤❤
Inner-childhood me is both excited at the discovery and upset at all the new homework I'll have to do now.
Very realistically a kid somewhere in the world got held back a grade cause he insisted here were two mitochondri in some cellular organisms
Good. Now please try to figure out what is happening with the mitochondria of those of us living with ME/CFS. 😿
See Jack Kruse. He would undoubtedly say that you're getting insufficient full-spectrum sunlight, and/or too much blue light after sunset.
So, it's like a secret agent working differently behind the scene! Not anymore, as the secrecy exposed!
maybe this is new symbiotic relationship evolution? just like how chloroplasts and old mitochondria came into existence?
Wait…. you mean we don’t know everything yet?
Key to origin of life research I’m sure
Do both come from the mother?
Yes
Yes, however most of the proteins localized inside the mitochondria are from both parents, such as P5CS. The electron transport chain proteins are however only inherited from the mother as they are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA that most of the time only passes down maternally unless rare circumstances.
@@Rudol_Zeppili The thing I find mind-boggling is that ETC proteins are produced by a mix of nuclear (both parents) and mitochondrial (mother only in 99.99%) genetics. And those proteins move electrons via tunneling so the fit between proteins needs to be near perfect. Tunneling drops as the gap gets wider and seems to stop at over 10 angstroms.
At a wild guess, the 'match' between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes might be what determines which eggs are kept as a female embryo develops.
Not credentialed, just fascinated.
@ honestly that could be the case, we don’t know all the processes which selects which eggs are kept, nor all the processes which eggs use to select sperm either, so that definitely could be something those processes look out for.
Another point of inquiry for further research. We know there are certain diseases of the mitochondria that aren't cancer. Do these affect one type or the other more prominently? Does this other new type play a role in the disease state, and can it be targeted for therapy? I'd love to run a proteomic analysis of such cells and see what genes such cells are expressing. It'd be a great way to start looking for answers.
3:26 is this FISH imaging?
Efraim Racker gives this 👍
We found new type of mitochondria before GTA 6 there are you happy?
Beyond rmitochondria?
P5CS. Okay-I’m left hanging: What’s the function of this protein?
It synthesizes pyrroline-5-carboxylate which is required for the synthesis of proline
@@kektimus_prime9899 How does this relate to the anabolism of these mitochondria?
Also find "Minding Your Mitochondria by Dr Terry Wahls TED X Talk"
Awesome!
Should this not lead to pinpointing cures for autoimmune diseases
In theory, yes. But, as this is a new discovery, a lot more research is going to have to be done into what even causes this secondary mitochondria to form and how it affects cell growth and function.
They need to get into contact with THOMAS SEYFRIED !!!!
So not just powerhouse of the cell?
They were never just that.
scienctific discoveries from experimental data and hard analysis, yay!!! what a wonderful contrast to m a g a.
"We're doomed" - C3PO
Agreed. Also a wonderful contrast from 200+ different 'genders'...
What a wonderful contrast to w o k e
It's come to my attention the mitochondria are the single most important thing in the Universe for mankind. Beginning with mitochondria are the basis for the kind in mankind as in what relates us to one another from a single mother known as mitochondrial Eve.
It made mitochondria blue and put the 🔍 on it. Someone touch it and let me know where it goes.
I went back to touch it myself cause I felt a little cowardly but it was gone. 🙄 I figured it might go to a Google search and it sometimes takes me hours to break away from a Google search which is fine but I just finished dinner and I get dozy. 😴
CAN I JOIN YOUR TEAM?? I’M REALLY INTO CANCER RELATED RESEARCH 😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭
What are all these folks going to do after they cure cancer? Will they make so much money from the cure that they will never have to work again?
I wonder how they differ in electric properties. The different biological components may need different electrochemistry to manufacture.
There is also some new research about how Mitochrondia seem to be responsible for most cancers as well. Here is a lecture about it. ruclips.net/video/kDbZrYu4V1E/видео.html
I wonder how this is a factor in my long COVID and post exercise exhaustion
CDR, Dr. Robert Naviaux, professor at UCSD. I've got a kind of CFS myself and it's just painful how slow research is going, but the UCSD genetics lab has been extremely busy last 10 years
powerhouse of the cell yo
Bad news for bio students 😢
Dr Jack Kruse peaking head around corner
Mitochondria are alive....it is not just a chemical reaction.
We got a new mitochondria before gta 6
What's Mitochondria? Come on tell me what it is.
Now what?
Protochondria could be a better name.
Do you think it possible too make Synthetic or "After market Mitochondria " ?
Probably, scientists were able to evolve a single cell colony of fungus into a multicellular being, so i can't see why they can't just transform the living cousins of mitochondria into it
@@fluoriteByte Hopefully. That'd be assuming an awful lot, though. I'm feeling it's time for another surprise.
YEAHHHHH MITOCHONDRIA IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELLL🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Mitochondria 2
2:50 says they're the perfect one to take a picture of and then shows a cartoon. I was thinking when he said it that mitochondria don't take very good pictures. I guess cause they won't sit still.
Certainly, we are fearfully and wonderfully designed!
Fun fact: You inherit your mitochondrial dna exclusively from your mother so if you are a guy then a massive mitochondrial descendent line just ended with you 😅
For real? 🫠
Or did you just wanna say Massive mitochondrial descendent line?
Thats not true anymore. We used to believe that but now check the latest research on this you can also get it from your dad.
Um rMitochondria found when I was a kid
The right title would be "a new kind of mitochondrion. "Mitochondria " is plural
NEXT NOVEL PRIZE CONFIRMED
Ahh shikes the paper is paywalled ☹
Its about fucking time
Learning something so fundamental, yet we keep hearing how to and how not to live at very high levels as they're absolute facts.
p
"God moves in mysterious ways, Her wonders to perform".
TALK! TALK! Quit your damn elocution.
it came from males
no not really??? from mother actually
Very interesting, mitochondria are to me amazing. Now they are specialising. Sure there is more to mitochondria at the quantum level but I need someone who can explain it. We know that they do not depend on the food we consume alone to produce energy, they mainly use light. Did not realise how deep the energy of light penetrates our bodies. Please if you're interested look at mitochondria and light, melonin, deturium depleted water. Mitochondria produce water and use water. I have also watched videos of how our bodies produce light internally, to me mitochondria are interesting.