NISM Mutual Fund Chapter 4 - Legal & Regulatory Framework

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  • Опубликовано: 1 окт 2024

Комментарии • 160

  • @Vivekunadkat
    @Vivekunadkat Год назад +12

    Answer no. 4 is No, mutual funds can buy and sell securities on both delivery and non-delivery basis, depending on the type of transaction and the regulations governing mutual fund operations.
    1. Delivery Basis: When a mutual fund buys securities on a delivery basis, it means that the actual transfer of ownership of the securities takes place, and the mutual fund becomes the legal owner of those securities. The securities are held in the fund's portfolio, and any returns or gains from those securities are reflected in the fund's net asset value (NAV). Delivery-based transactions are the most common for long-term investments.
    2. Non-Delivery Basis: Mutual funds can also engage in non-delivery-based transactions, which include various types of derivative instruments such as futures and options. In non-delivery transactions, the mutual fund does not acquire actual ownership of the underlying securities but rather enters into contracts that derive their value from the price movements of those securities. Non-delivery transactions are typically used for short-term trading, hedging strategies, or to gain exposure to specific market sectors or asset classes.
    The ability of mutual funds to engage in non-delivery transactions is subject to regulatory guidelines and the fund's investment objectives and strategies as defined in its offer document. The extent of non-delivery transactions may vary among different mutual funds and may be subject to certain limits and risk management practices.
    It's important for investors to review the scheme-related information, including the offer document and scheme's investment strategy, to understand the extent to which a mutual fund may engage in non-delivery transactions. This will provide insight into the investment approach of the mutual fund and the potential risks and rewards associated with its investment activities. 37:48

  • @minakshidutta1709
    @minakshidutta1709 3 года назад +14

    Thanks a ton!!! I cleared my AMFI with good scores with the help of your videos & a bit of workbook study!!!!

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +3

      Thank you too for this appreciating comment. Really glad that you cleared the exam. Kindly keep up the support on channel. 💌

  • @pratikkarnik5
    @pratikkarnik5 2 года назад +15

    @37:47
    *"Mutual funds can buy and sell securities only on delivery basis. State whether this statement is True or False."*
    Right option - *True*

  • @NASIM786786
    @NASIM786786 3 года назад +5

    Thank you very much Mam It is really Help me clear my NISM EXAM I scored 84% 👍👍👍 Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!

  • @dgnmanmohankaur
    @dgnmanmohankaur 3 года назад +3

    Ma'am pls check question no.4 of mock test
    Because in book I'm having of NISM V A it's answer is true
    But I think it should be false
    Ma'am pls recheck the answer

    • @foramthakkar5576
      @foramthakkar5576 2 года назад

      yes pls check

    • @pratikkarnik5
      @pratikkarnik5 2 года назад

      In book not only in the questions it's true, but it's also written in the chapter that MFs should have securities on delivery basis

  • @dipeshagarwal3242
    @dipeshagarwal3242 3 года назад +15

    Please rectify Q4. The ans given by NISM is true not false.

  • @rtn.vikaskumar1114
    @rtn.vikaskumar1114 3 года назад +8

    Thanks a lot. Your videos from 3 - 5 really helped me.
    " Passed yesterday with 84 marks ".
    My score improved by atleast 16 - 17 points from all the mock tests I had given. Appreciate your efforts. 👍🏻

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +1

      Congrats. Really glad to know that. Thank you for commenting. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

    • @lovelysister143
      @lovelysister143 2 года назад

      Only for this vediod Or i have to follow any thing

    • @anandc3974
      @anandc3974 Год назад

      All the best congrats!

  • @ujjwalsharma3358
    @ujjwalsharma3358 Год назад +2

    Investors have bought 20 crore units of a mutual fund scheme at Rs. 10 each. The scheme has thus mobilized 20 crore units X Rs. 10 per unit i.e., Rs 200 crore. An amount of Rs. 140 crore is invested in equities. The balance amount of Rs. 60 crore, mobilized from investors, was placed in bank deposits. Interest and dividend receivable (accrued but yet not received) by the scheme is Rs. 8 crore, scheme expenses payable (accrued but not paid yet) is Rs. 4 crore. Calculate the scheme’s NAV per unit.
    a. Rs. 20.40
    b. Rs. 10.20
    c. Rs. 20.00
    d. Rs. 10.00
    Please ans mam

  • @tejasphafat9130
    @tejasphafat9130 3 года назад +6

    It was excellent video I must say. If I would have read it on my own I could have taken 2hrs to complete this chapter.✅💯

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +1

      Thank you for appreciating. It really means alot to me. Kindly keep up the support on channel. Glad to be helpful.

  • @vigneshsivam6172
    @vigneshsivam6172 Год назад +3

    amazing 12 chapters covering entire syallabus. thank you for tutorials i had exam today i passed 61 ℅.

  • @harshitabisht5821
    @harshitabisht5821 2 года назад +3

    Ans no 4will be true, ma'am please make a correction. Otherwise amazing teaching

  • @rachitchawla1815
    @rachitchawla1815 2 месяца назад

    You have answered the 4th MCQ Wrong
    The correct answer is true
    (a) TRUE (b) FALSE Correct Answer TRUE Answer Explanation The Mutual Fund will buy and sell securities on delivery basis. Securities purchased will be transferred in the name of the Mutual Fund because of the respective scheme. This means mutual funds cannot square-up the same day.
    Please be Careful

  • @sujitmalakar3875
    @sujitmalakar3875 Год назад +1

    Madam questions number 4th answer is True

  • @pallavisharma7149
    @pallavisharma7149 2 года назад +1

    for question number 4 answer is true

  • @vasanthblk3642
    @vasanthblk3642 3 года назад +2

    NISM chapter 8- Derivatives also wanted. please make video and uploaded it

  • @ritikumarai
    @ritikumarai 2 года назад +1

    Answer of MCQ 4 is (a) true, please make correction.

  • @angelinasowmiya287
    @angelinasowmiya287 2 дня назад

    Your vedio all are superb... kindly update the nism 8

  • @boredomkiller4531
    @boredomkiller4531 2 года назад +1

    Ques 4 is the answer is false?
    In study material it is true that is what material says

  • @udaydeshmukh8074
    @udaydeshmukh8074 Год назад +1

    12 सितम्बर 2023 को प्रथम प्रयास में म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर की परीक्षा 69 प्रतिशत अंकों से उत्तीर्ण की 🙏 सिर्फ आपके विडियो के माध्यम से मात्र 6 दिनों में परीक्षा पास कर ली 🙏आपका बहुत बहुत धन्यवाद 🎉

  • @licgke
    @licgke Месяц назад

    answer of 4th question should be True. Please confirm

  • @nikhilgoyal7200
    @nikhilgoyal7200 2 года назад +3

    Just want to thank you from the depth of my heart that because of your videos and your teaching I have cracked the exam in 1st attempt with 84percent.
    Thank you sharing the knowledge with everyone continue the good work.
    Also want your help if you can guide me for further courses.

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад +2

      Congrats Nikhil. Thanks for commenting. This really means alot to me. Kindly keep up the support on channel. You can go for online certification through websites like Udemy and Coursera. Nism certifications for investment advisor, securities market, portfolio management will also be beneficial for career in finance & banking.

    • @vinaykumarmutyala3231
      @vinaykumarmutyala3231 2 года назад

      @Nikhil can u help me to clear the exam pls

  • @mithudas3967
    @mithudas3967 3 года назад +2

    Thanks Madam for the videos....I cleared the exam with 85 marks....Thank you so much

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +1

      Congrats. Really glad to know that you cleared exam with good scores.Kindly keep up the support on channel.

  • @IshitaOriel
    @IshitaOriel Год назад +1

    mam i wanted to ask that is there any recent changes in the module??

  • @jayamuruganjayam
    @jayamuruganjayam 2 года назад +1

    Thank u very much today i have cleared my nism with 71 percen .thanks thanks a lot from bottom of my heart 💖

  • @INDIRAKUMARM-np8yc
    @INDIRAKUMARM-np8yc Год назад +2

    I just watched 12 video only...for 3days ...each day 4 videos...i cleared NISM IN FIRST ATTEMPT

    • @vigneshp2555
      @vigneshp2555 Год назад

      Dude tell how the exam was and can i get any tips im going to write in july 10th if interested pls comment i will share my telegram id

    • @akashslife9615
      @akashslife9615 Год назад

      ​@@vigneshp2555did you passed

    • @vigneshp2555
      @vigneshp2555 Год назад

      @@akashslife9615 yeah i scored 81%

    • @akashslife9615
      @akashslife9615 Год назад

      @@vigneshp2555 can I get tips how and what did you study for exam my exam is on 30th August

    • @vigneshp2555
      @vigneshp2555 Год назад +1

      @@akashslife9615 i prepared only with playlist i prepared for 2 weeks daily one vedio

  • @vidhijain7235
    @vidhijain7235 Год назад +1

    Thank you! Because of your help, I have successfully passed my examination

  • @alokranjanoraon7336
    @alokranjanoraon7336 3 года назад +1

    mam question no. 4 will be true i guess , please check and reply

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +3

      Thank you for pointing out the mistake. Yes you are right, the correct option will be true as mutual funds buy and sell securities on delivery basis. I will rectify it. Thanks for commenting. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

  • @adityaraj-kb4jl
    @adityaraj-kb4jl 3 года назад +1

    Please make a video NISM Series 8 Equity Derivative

  • @Vickyvictory-sn3ok
    @Vickyvictory-sn3ok 2 года назад +1

    Ma'am Tom 5.50pm I have exam in bangalore basaveshwar Nagar. I followed ur videos but still getting tension because this my 2nd attempt

    • @priyankabehera3377
      @priyankabehera3377 2 года назад +1

      Did you pass the exam? I am also giving 2nd attempt

    • @Vickyvictory-sn3ok
      @Vickyvictory-sn3ok 2 года назад +1

      @@priyankabehera3377 I passed 4th time that is 17th March

    • @priyankabehera3377
      @priyankabehera3377 2 года назад +1

      Ohh ok. How was the questions? Difficult or average?

    • @Vickyvictory-sn3ok
      @Vickyvictory-sn3ok 2 года назад

      @@priyankabehera3377 4th time average only I got 63

  • @vkap2408
    @vkap2408 3 месяца назад

    CAN SOMEONE SEND PDF OF THE PPT USED IN THIS VIDEO PLEASE

  • @neetuyadav3689
    @neetuyadav3689 2 года назад +1

    I want to know, why the 4th question is false?

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад

      Etfs are types of mutual fund that can be traded intraday. Hence the statement mentioning that mutual funds can be traded only on delivery basis is false. However all other types of mutual funds are delivery based bcz the nav remains same for the day.

  • @sameerd8681
    @sameerd8681 3 года назад +1

    Can you upload videos in Marathi

  • @KrishnaAsangi-h4b
    @KrishnaAsangi-h4b 7 месяцев назад

    Hi all, today's date 12/2/24 I have given the exam and passed with 63 marks
    All I wanted to tell you is just practice the MCQ is ok at the end but you have to quit focus theory portion because pattern is changed,
    also thank a lot ma'am (devtech finance) for the journey

  • @durgarajput5193
    @durgarajput5193 3 года назад +2

    Thank you mam l cleared my exam with the help of your lectures

  • @shreyakesarwani5847
    @shreyakesarwani5847 3 года назад +2

    You are best 🔥❤️

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +1

      Thank you. Glad that you found the videos useful.

  • @govindavenkataswamynaidupe2731
    @govindavenkataswamynaidupe2731 5 месяцев назад

    Mutual funds can buy and sell securities only on delivery basis. Answer is true but in vedio incorrectly mentioned as false

  • @shreeyaagrawal3233
    @shreeyaagrawal3233 3 года назад +2

    Thankyou for teaching in very explanatory way
    I will my exam tomorrow Thankyou so much..😊

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад

      Let me know if you have cleared the exam....kindly keep up the support on channel.

    • @arunkumarn894
      @arunkumarn894 Год назад

      Did you clear exams

  • @prathushprabha2977
    @prathushprabha2977 9 месяцев назад

    Hye mam I'm going with your videos and the content is very clear and easy to us. Will it help me to clear the NISM exam 😊

  • @ran_domz394
    @ran_domz394 7 месяцев назад

    Question 4 in MCQ is Incorrect. We can buy securities for MFs in Delivery Basis only.

  • @piyushkarnani6651
    @piyushkarnani6651 8 месяцев назад

    As per latest syllabus 4.2.3 General restrictions not explained

  • @subhamsamanta3500
    @subhamsamanta3500 2 года назад +1

    Thank you so much maam. I cleared NISM exam with 81 marks. Your videos help me a lot. Appropriate your hard work.

  • @shrikanthshetty3237
    @shrikanthshetty3237 Год назад

    Madam please clarify about the 4th question. You have mentioned false .

  • @sonalichaudhar9477
    @sonalichaudhar9477 3 года назад +1

    How I get mock test ??

  • @mahanapriya5521
    @mahanapriya5521 Год назад

    Mam need equity derivatives online payment classes English

  • @Sugaisacat
    @Sugaisacat Год назад

    To the admin of this page,
    Please help me. I don't know the passing marks and pattern of the exam.

  • @PandharinathMutke
    @PandharinathMutke Год назад

    Hello madam, I have a query. Can a same Person apply for ARN and EUIN number ?

  • @vigneshwaric8441
    @vigneshwaric8441 3 года назад +1

    7 out of 8 I got

  • @Sugaisacat
    @Sugaisacat Год назад

    My exam is in 14 days. Can anyone help me by telling what is the passing marks of the exam?

  • @krishnadevpandey5199
    @krishnadevpandey5199 2 года назад +1

    My examination is on 13 Feb, are these videos helpful for me ?

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад +1

      Surely these videos would be helpful for your exam. Kindly go through all the chapter videos along with mock test.

    • @krishnadevpandey5199
      @krishnadevpandey5199 2 года назад

      @@DevTechFinance Ok...thanku

  • @sadprince2581
    @sadprince2581 3 года назад +1

    Nice content and explaination ... Kindly upload other chapters

  • @maanavbagaria4352
    @maanavbagaria4352 7 месяцев назад

    Question no. 4 isn't discussed anywhere in this video

  • @pankajjain1479
    @pankajjain1479 8 месяцев назад

    in mcq question number 4 you opt wrong answer

  • @AkashKumar-if7yr
    @AkashKumar-if7yr 3 года назад

    The 4 mcq qstn answer is wrong. the correct answer is TRUE

  • @burst5842
    @burst5842 Год назад

    Had my exam today passed with 74% thank u mam.....

  • @rachnagoyal9855
    @rachnagoyal9855 3 года назад +1

    I cleared my exams with 94%.. how wait

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +1

      Congrats. That's a really amazing score. Thanks for commenting. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

    • @anu7192
      @anu7192 2 года назад +1

      How? Please explain your po preparation strategy?

    • @gunasekaran5584
      @gunasekaran5584 2 года назад +1

      Hii madam..can u give ur suggestions how to prepare for nism va exam

  • @manojtiwari0111
    @manojtiwari0111 2 года назад

    Thanx A lot I cleard got exam 62 Marks .

  • @balajiravi4104
    @balajiravi4104 3 года назад +1

    Mam pls make a mock test video

  • @joyaljano4481
    @joyaljano4481 5 месяцев назад

    4th ture

  • @pritikeshri1346
    @pritikeshri1346 3 года назад

    Mam my 1st time nism registation exam is not clear please mam help me please please share me video jisse mai is br clear kr lu nism exams please mam🙏

    • @divyanshbabu1021
      @divyanshbabu1021 3 года назад

      Hi preeti give me whatsApp number , when next time exam

  • @saimalle2511
    @saimalle2511 2 года назад

    MCQ 4th question answer is true

  • @PrishaPeyushNene
    @PrishaPeyushNene 4 месяца назад

    how can we get these ppts?

  • @tulunadakshay
    @tulunadakshay 8 месяцев назад

    Today complete the exam thank you

  • @INDIRAKUMARM-np8yc
    @INDIRAKUMARM-np8yc Год назад

    I just watched 12 video only...for 3days ...each day 4 videos...i cleared NISM IN FIRST ATTEMPT

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  Год назад +1

      Congrats Indira! Glad that the videos were helpful. Thanks for commenting. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

  • @shalushukla9706
    @shalushukla9706 2 года назад +1

    👍🏻

  • @priyangaviji1602
    @priyangaviji1602 3 года назад +1

    Kindly upload all other chapters

  • @VineetKumar-sn2yl
    @VineetKumar-sn2yl 3 года назад +2

    Ma'am I think 4th one is true

  • @mahanapriya5521
    @mahanapriya5521 Год назад

    Reply plsssss

  • @aniketsonwane9445
    @aniketsonwane9445 3 года назад

    if any one wants to invest in m.f. can he or she choose their fund manager according to their wish??

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад +1

      No you are not provided with the option to chose fund manager within one particular scheme but definitely you can chose the fund and look for the manager who is manging it...if you dont think the fund manger is good enough you can opt for different scheme with another fund manger having relevant experience and good performance over the time.

    • @aniketsonwane9445
      @aniketsonwane9445 3 года назад

      @@DevTechFinance Thank you

  • @dayatrivedi3420
    @dayatrivedi3420 Год назад

    Thank you mam!

  • @hanumantmisal
    @hanumantmisal 2 года назад

    Thanks for excellent Knowledge...!

  • @seshutms
    @seshutms 7 месяцев назад

    2 days , 15 videos , got 66 marks
    Thank you Madam

    • @TeamDUNKS
      @TeamDUNKS 7 месяцев назад +1

      is this sufficient?

    • @seshutms
      @seshutms 6 месяцев назад

      @@TeamDUNKS yes , more than enough

  • @coolcake5749
    @coolcake5749 3 года назад

    Madam NISM depository classes unnaya

    • @indiramighty3823
      @indiramighty3823 3 года назад

      Hi ..
      My exam is on 30th, can u guide me please

  • @renukabakre1828
    @renukabakre1828 2 года назад

    Thank you for detailed explanation

  • @abhayshah2611
    @abhayshah2611 2 года назад +4

    Hello,
    I really appreciate the work you are doing,
    Just one clarification I needed here for my confusion.
    In the MCQ section in Question 4: Mutual Funds can buy and sell securities only on a delivery basis, you said it's False but as far I know once mutual funds buy any security, there is compliance that till the stated period they cannot sell that investment in the fund and as per my knowledge doing intraday is not allowed so they cannot do intraday. So I guess the statement is true that Mutual Funds can buy and sell securities only on a delivery basis.
    Regards.

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад

      Hello Abhay,
      You are correct with the concept regarding mutual fund but there are exception i.e. exchange traded funds are types of mutual fund that are traded on real time basis. If you read the statement carefully, it mentions only...mutual funds can buy and sell only on delivery basis which is false.
      Let me know your views on this and thanks for commenting.

    • @abhayshah2611
      @abhayshah2611 2 года назад

      @@DevTechFinance Just a correction there is, ETFs are not considered as a part of Mutual Funds as per my knowledge. A similar product to ETF in Mutual Fund is Index funds.
      But ETFs are a different concept altogether.
      Even in ETFs as most of them are trying to track particular index return or stated strategy return being passive in nature even there they can't do intraday either.
      Investors can buy and sell whenever they want regardless its Mutual Fund of ETFs except some funds like ELSS, but here we are talking about what the fund management team is doing, so as per my knowledge, the statement that they cannot do intraday is true in both cases.
      If you are connecting ETFs as a Mutual Funds, under categories of Funds of Funds they are the funds that buy ETFs but they are not ETFs themselves. Even those funds are not allowed to do interday as per my knowledge.

    • @abhayshah2611
      @abhayshah2611 2 года назад

      @@DevTechFinance And as per you said the question mentions "only" but see where "only" is placed.
      Question states "Mutual funds can buy and sell securites only on delivery basis." meaning they cannot do buying and selling except delivery, apart from delivery the only way to buy and sell publicly listed securities is to do Intraday. And thats true statement that Mutual Funds have compliance and they cannot do intraday which means the stated statement in question 4 is true.🤷

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад +2

      Thank you for this valuable comment Abhay. I will rectify the mistake. You are correct mutual funds can buy and sell securities only on delivery basis and hence the correct option should have been true. I will try to edit the same in uploaded video.

  • @simranrajput6887
    @simranrajput6887 3 года назад

    Thank you so much mam .... I have cleared my exam with the help of your video.

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад

      Congrats, Glad that the videos were helpful. Thanks alot for commenting. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

  • @ektanamdev1988
    @ektanamdev1988 Год назад

    Great voice

  • @pratikutekar4996
    @pratikutekar4996 2 года назад

    Very good👍, learning made easier.

  • @VIKASSINGStartupCoach
    @VIKASSINGStartupCoach 2 года назад

    Thanks for this

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад

      Thanks for commenting Vikas. Glad that the videos were helpful. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

  • @MrVasanthasenan
    @MrVasanthasenan 2 года назад

    Great service

  • @arshkhurana5819
    @arshkhurana5819 3 года назад

    thanks for the videos mam..... it really helps me alot

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад

      Glad that it was helpful. Thanks alot for commenting. Kindly keep up the support.

  • @prernapiyushi5069
    @prernapiyushi5069 2 года назад

    ################

  • @prernapiyushi5069
    @prernapiyushi5069 2 года назад

    ################

  • @RK-mc5km
    @RK-mc5km 2 года назад

    Thanks mam

  • @sanskrrititrader8945
    @sanskrrititrader8945 2 года назад

    Nice explanation 👌 👍

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад

      Thank you. Glad that the video was helpful.

  • @amalss2619
    @amalss2619 Год назад

    ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

  • @avinashshinde2659
    @avinashshinde2659 2 года назад +1

    🔴Sebi doesnt approve or disprove any scheme,it just gives its observation,,at 10:52

    • @financewithnobita
      @financewithnobita Год назад

      No. That is not for mutual fund schemes. This statement is only related to scheme related documents.
      Actual statement:- While SEBI does not approve or disapprove the Scheme Related Documents, it gives its
      observations. The mutual fund needs to incorporate these observations in these documents.
      Thus, the Documents in the market are “vetted” by SEBI, and not approved by SEBI.

  • @MargamFacts
    @MargamFacts 2 года назад

    so nice video

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад

      Thank you. Glad that the video was helpful.

  • @angelamrita8248
    @angelamrita8248 3 года назад

    Can you in hindi

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад

      First we are uploading all videos in English. After that videos will be uploaded in hindi

  • @Mazi_sasu
    @Mazi_sasu 3 года назад

    Great video 👍👍

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад

      Thank you. Kindly keep up the support and share with others to help channel grow.

  • @chandrabhattacharjee3525
    @chandrabhattacharjee3525 2 года назад

    the answers of certain mcqs are wrong pls do provide the correct one

  • @sphatate
    @sphatate 2 года назад

    Thank you for your efforts

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  2 года назад

      Thanks for commenting. Kindly keep up the support on channel.

  • @Manish-si4tu
    @Manish-si4tu 3 года назад +2

    4th question
    you mentioned that mutual fund can buy and sell securities only on delivery basis. - your ans is false
    And in Nism V A workbook they said its true
    What's the correct answer ?

    • @DevTechFinance
      @DevTechFinance  3 года назад

      Thank you for pointing out the mistake. The answer will be true. It comes under general restrictions to buy and sell securities on delivery basis.