Chapter 3.2: The Age of Reason and the Age of History
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- Опубликовано: 4 окт 2024
- This video is part of the series: 'The Philosophy of the Humanities' which you can find here www.youtube.co....
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0:11 Hegel
0:18 To understand, you need to know it’s history, it’s context, it’s time in being.
1:04 1700’s Age Of Enlightenment/Age of Reason
1:40 What is Enlightenment?
1:54 Kant “To become a mature person. The ability to think for yourself”
2:35 Most rarely thought for themselves in the 18th century. Most were ruled by prejudices and church teachings.
3:27 Voltaire
3:49 Superstitions change with place and time. Reason is always the same in place and time.
4:32 Free yourself from prejudice and stand outside of history
4:48 Truly Reasonable person
5:45 Romantic Period/ Age of History
6:01 Romantics did not believe Reason was the same for everyone, whereas the Enlightenment thinkers did.
7:27 There is no neutral ways of thinking, because Culture shapes (prejudice) and then Nationalism.
9:02 Emphasis On Study of History, Your Culture, Where You come From, Art.
9:41 History became a central concern for everyone.
Hegel: to understand something you have to know its history; place things in their historical context; 18th century: the Age of Enlightenment/Reason: Kant asked himself, 'What is Enlightenment?' It is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity; maturity is the ability to use your own understanding, the ability to think for yourself; most people are not ruled by their own reason but by prejudices and by others' ideas, like the church or neighbors; stop relying on others, then you will become more tolerant and morally better people; Voltaire: superstitions sets the whole world in flame, but philosophy quenches them; reason is always the same, but superstitions change; ideal of the age of reason is the thinker that can free himself from his historical conditioning; stand outside of history; timeless rationality; during the first half of the 19th century, these things changed radically; for the romantics, studying history became the most important intellectual activity of all; thinkers had assumed the reason was universal and was the same for everyone; but the romantic thinkers denied that; stepping outside of history is impossible, for everyone has been shaped by their culture; no neutral rational way of thinking available for everyone; in the 19th century, thinkers started talking about culture instead of prejudice; the rise of nationalism; the great emphasis that was suddenly laid on history in the Romantic era; you only know yourself if you know where you come from; know history to become a well-rounded person
Notes :D
They start of the same with the ability until they get themselves brainwashed into fairy tale land .
You do yoga !
Sir, it great to listen to you. But while concluding every lecture, you should suggest some readings so that we could go a bit deeper in our areas of interest. Thanku
You are very clear. That is a great gift. I am enjoying your lectures. I have been a long- term history teacher, so it's particularly relevant.
Johannes Scotus Eriugena would be proud you are keeping his ideas alive.
you make it all sound so simpler.. these r complicated topics.. great job...👍
History was in fact a key part of Enlightenment thought in the eighteenth century. 'Stadial' progress being one important area of discussion. The 'romantic' mode of thought described here in fact emerged long before 1800, and was part and parcel of broad Enlightenment discussions about the conditions for 'reason'
Thank you very much for this project. Somehow you are able to tie together many ideas that were not necessarily clear in a very clear and flowing narration.
One question on the passage from the age of reason to Romanticism. How did proto-romanticism came about? What episthema allowed it to surface? and what factor made him engage the network effect to become the dominant ideology of the time?
the moment he said "culture" for the first time brought very sad vibes to me for some reason.
I think that when we talk about Hegel we must also know the critics against him. His writings are notoriously difficult to read. Why? Schopenhauer had the answer.
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Reason in the context of nature that by our nature each and every one of us is endowed with the capacity to reason . People started questioning the validity of the authority of the church and monarchy ect , progress and science discoveries were being made and new philosophies were being written about the structure of I.e a nation or a state without religious hegemony . It is from these ideas that legitimacy of democracy and government stemed instead of theocratic or monarchical dictatorships . People wanted freedom from tyrannical governments or church run states . Science was coming up with new designs and was in search of truth . To preserve the freedom of the people governments were elected by the people and if they became tyrannical they could be removed . You don't need to harp on about enlightenment just do yoga or something and imagine you are x
Interesting how conspiracy theorists are so proud of “thinking for themselves” rather than accepting conventional wisdom. Suggests that being independent-minded is only really a virtue if you have learned to be a good thinker already. For the ignorant, they are better off accepting convention/authority.
No to be an independent thinker is to think for yourself and learn to be a critical thinker . It's about not believing in the dictates of another therefore be full of shit . What are you talking about conventional wisdom . You do not end up educated with some nut spoon feeding you information has to be tested .
where's yr reason - how to accept conventional wisdom and yet be an independent-minded? Obviously you have little by way of even deductive logic, and are more emo-biased when you accuse conspiracy theorists who "think. only for themselves". If fact, you are are following conventional wisdom, even under the so-called regime of scientific thinking, which is more scientific stats-reporting science rather than true and real science, you are being less critical in your thinking for yourself when you purport to be "thinking for others". Heraclitus would proclaim how dumb are you as one of the populace thinking that the state can manage your lives better than outside of your familial relations when most of the populace care about is just their familial relations. You stupidly let the state drive your belief regarding conspiracy theorists.
you're just as yr name implies, nothing more, than but a bluffaloSoldier.
I respect your definition of nationalism for this lecture series, but it seems to clash with the actual definition.
Sup
OK so your not saying that
So you're saying that all reasonable people agree with each other & think the same about different things, rubbish
He said that some people in the Enlightenment era thought that to be the case, it obviously is not
Ugh, Hegel... Can't we talk about Deleuze? Surely there is more to History than Hegel? What about deeper perspectives on History provided by Frankopan, Morton, Harari and Gombrich?
And I’m the only 12 year old here and only cause I looked up age of reason looking for Black Sabbath. And that’s like 70 years old