I grew up in Wheathampstead and spent many a consecutive day mapping the possible points of the ancient centre of Wheathampstead during lockdown. I know the coordinates if anyone is interested.
I haven't been to the wheathampstead oppidum for a few years, it used to have a plague saying it was the place Julius Caesar defeated the catuvellauni.. It should be removed, Caesar didn't attack the place or defeat the catuvellauni. Theres no evidence to support Caesars claims, looking at the facts , the growth the power only continued to expand. As did farming and output, everything contradicts a tribe that was defeated whose warriors were killed and many of their people enslaved. The exact opposite of a defeated tribe. They even outgrew wheathampstead and many moved to verulamium which also grew very fast. They defeated the trinovantes and stretched their territory to the east coast. Nothing implies a defeated people...
I am curious as I am researching the topic of pre-Roman British society and I am interested in its relationship with Gaul especially, what evidence are you using when you speak about Celtic Britonic tribes sending aid to Gaul to help fight the Romans?
@@kevwhufc8640matching DNA strand similarity to the dna strands of remains found of those of the catuvellauni location. I did the same and I’m closest relation to the Dubonni by dna and chromosomal similarity.
@@SanguinesRose1204 I really wish it was possible. But sadly in reality DNA tests can let you know which part of the world you come from. If you originate from Britain Your test results will come back by far the largest percentage being European, and which part , so , yours for example 97.8% North Western European . With a lot of smaller 00.01 % from different parts of the world.. I'm no expert in genetics DNA etc. I'm just a simple field archaeologist. But my job brings me into contact with specialists of all kinds. I often read comments or have people approach me if I'm excavating somewhere close to a path or garden & tell me they are decended from boudicca or the catuvelauni ( I live and work in around Verulamium, wheathampstead The heart of catuvelauni territory. ..i usually just smile & continue working. But honestly DNA doesn't work like that . :/
The main reason the Romans succeed was because Britain wasnt ruled by one king with one army , it was divided into a lot of smaller kingdom's & a lot of tribes/ kings were allied with Rome. Verica allowed them to unload their ships in his area , the remains of his villa shows how well rewarded he was. Even the Iceni allied themselves with Rome ,proving Boudicca wasn't anti Roman . Their uprising had nothing to do with saving Britain It was just revenge, an angry woman who didn't get everything the Romans promised her..
I would love to know why they are called the catuvellauni, I can't find any coins or Roman references to the catuvellauni tribe. If I had been alive 2000 years ago I would be part of the tribe, their primary settlement verulamium is 5 minutes walk from my house, I've read everything I can find, but I can't find anything contemporary that mentions the tribal name. We have coins with various names of rulers, we even have coins with the name of their capital city Verulam/ verlum. Even today the river is called the river Ver, even Caesar ( as this video mentions) doesn't call them the catuvellauni.. he refers to the cheiftans name cassi ( Casivelaunus) ... I can't find where , when or who first uses the word catuvellauni. . We know the tribe was living by the river ver by at least 100bc , artifacts have been found that were in fashion from 120 -100 bc , silver Roman republic coins have also been found dating from 100 , 80 bc ...
That's a Northamptonshire Cambridgeshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire and heartfordshire ima catevellauni ime in Northamptonshire can we have our own king again and get rid of the London government
Saying it only took 40 years to conquer Britannia ignores the fact that Caesar attempted to conquer them and failed 100 years prior so it took the romans a minimum of 140 years to conquer Britannia that not including many of the later revolts and disputes about how much control Rome really had over the whole of Britannia ( the roman part of Britain). Not to mention the roman empire had snowballed at this point and had become massively more powerful than they were in the time of Caesars conquests.
Caesar was able to land in Kent and then march to Wheathampstead without much difficulty. After defeating the most powerful tribe he then retired back to his original camp in Kent without opposition and went back to Gaul. He could have campaigned further but was already too strung out in terms of supply lines and Gaul itself was not subdued. His big fight with Vercingetorix was still two years away.
@@damionkeeling3103 I wish history books would update their info , instead of being lazy and printing the same old thing, in this case, Caesar defeating the catuvellauni and destroying the wheathampstead settlement. Even though there's an info board claiming it to be the place of Caesars victory. It isn't. The ditch faces north west, deep catuvellauni territory and in no danger of being attacked. Caesar claimed he crossed the Thames and marched north to attack the wheathampstead settlement. There are no ditches or defences around the southern or eastern side of the settlement. Caesar talks of it being a hillfort, which it isn't. I spent a lot of years excavating inside and around the outside of the wheathampstead settlement and havn't found a single thing from 1st century, no buckles or clips or other artifacts that break, snap or fall off , uniforms No evidence from soil analysis of burning, no evidence of attack. No mention of the Verlamio settlement, just a couple of miles to the west , which was the larger of the two primary settlements in the heartland of catuvellauni territory. We only have evidence ( remains of ditches ) in south east England , near where Caesar beached his fleet. Nothing else.
@kevwhufc8640 haha I apologise for laughing mate but I grew up there for my first 25 years and had a hobby for walking. You were looking in the wrong area, if you'd like I'd take you back to the point South East of Wheathampstead, by an ancient spring... atop of a hill that covers the surroundings for many many miles around Wheathampstead. The Devils Dyke (defensive ditches to the South-East of Wheathampstead) is to the North West of there. You can tell from the topography of my spot, alongside the actual strategic layout that fits the historic descriptions perfectly. I love my little village, despite being 26 I doubt anyone living to know the topography of the surrounding area like I. I disclose that arrogance as to not want you to think I'll waste your time.
@kevwhufc8640 I didn't want you to think I was laughing at you Kev! I apologise if so, I just seldom see such a thought out theory in a RUclips comment that I felt could have been slightly guided if started by a local enthusiast. The Slad is an earthwork (part natural given the spring) directly to the East of Devil's Dyke, South is just the boggy area you spoke of where the spring loops round and follows down the hill: forgive me if this is where you've already looked (it's private land but we can get access with permission) but look on satellite view of Google maps here 51.8050910, -0.2780033- that's directly above the Slad which would mean Devil's Dyke face Westwards into indeed the outer perimeters of the Cattuvellauni area given them only going as far as the Chilterns from memory; making Wheathampstead a settlement worth building defensive positions, with the natural barrier just north of the Lea. If you zoom out on that map view you'll notice the area between Devil's Dyke and the slad is well enclosed almost perfectly by farmland, as well as overlapping perfectly with topographical maps indicating the centre (where Beech Hyde Lane cuts through) and indeed somewhere we can drop a personal map view on Google, to see that you have views almost 360' around; especially so with the removal of trees which would have been a given back then. Also, while I don't buy wholly into this, if you zoom out further to cover Sandridge and North St Albans, you may notice rather peculiarly that Beech Bottom Dyke about 4 miles South-East of Devil's Dyke lines up rather curiously. What's more, the breadth and depth are extremely similar. I know Gustard Wood very well and I do in fact remember an escavation being done in that area some years ago! Very impressive work, thank you. I wish I could take a closer look now but alas some custodians of private property are traditional in that respect.
@@HistoryIsDead I'm confused by what your saying, You are talking about the Celtic settlement wheathampstead and not the village further north ? The devil's dyke, is to the north west ,, the part they call the slad ( the boggy marshy area) is south west . From a bird's eye view above the centre of the Celtic settlement the river colne would be to the east . Across the main road from the old Celtic settlement. Caesar supposedly came from the east heading west crossed the river colne and attacked the eastern side of the settlement. Where historians claim he defeated killed the catuvellauni warriors and destroyed their homes . There's no evidence to support the Roman's attacked or defeated the people inside the settlement. 12000 legionaries would leave some evidence, buckles, clasps, and the other usual things that break , snap ,due to wear and tear, magnetometer would highlight any signs of heat caused by burning the homes , but there's nothing like that . So I'm not sure what you find amusing, I'm correct as to where the deeper ditches are and where the marshy area is in the southern end of the settlement. Today there's a lane that goes through the middle of the Celtic settlement . If you could explain what you consider I've got wrong I would love to hear it ..
Romani Delenda Est!. Those three female Celts pictured here, are those miniatures or a painting?. I have a collection of Celtic warriors we use for D and D. Those would be a great addition!. If they are minis, do you know where to get them. As for some Celts being in Roman employ, it was the same here in America. Custer used Crow scouts against the Sioux as they were hereditary enemies to start with. To this day these are those who still have bad blood between these tribes just like my mother's people, the Southern Miwok and the Paiutes. I think you're starting to hit your stride here. Best Wishes from a Miwok, Cherokee, Scottish, Welsh, Irish person. 2 Native and 3 Celt tribes!.
I don't know how good the Indian/ native guids were in helping Custer. But those with Caesar either mislead him on purpose or lied about their claims to know anything about southern Britain. They claimed to have knowledge about a perfect place to use for their ships , deep enough to stay afloat when the tide was out , large enough for the whole fleet and inland perfect for shelter but not to far to make it easy for the enemy to block / trap them from leaving. They claimed knowledge of main roads , direct towards the Thames and the best place to cross into catuvellauni lands toward their capital. But after crossing the channel they had no idea where to take the ships , so Caesar beached them on shingle beaches and when the tide was out the ships were stuck until the next tide came in. They had no idea where the main road was that crossed open land , so had to meander in and out of woodland along narrow trackways . Which were full of warriors attacking throwing spears and disappearing back into the hilly woodland... They eventually came to the river Medway thinking it was the Thames, thsy had no idea where the Ford was they got stuck wherever they tried crossing constantly going east until locals told them where to cross , a few miles after crossing and following another trackway they came to the Thames, which being an estuary widening with every step they had marched so far east the Thames looked nore like a sea impossible to see the north bank let alone cross it . Somehow they sent messengers to their ships who followed the land north before rowing west up the Thames estuary and were ferried across , no more than 50 men a time , . Once across they were met by guides from the trinovantes who took them to their capital which was miles away from Verulamium.. Archaeology evidence ends in Essex, the rest is a story Nothing has ever been found to prove they travelled west towards Hertfordshire or anywhere within Catuvellauni lands, let alone the wheathampstead oppidum. Over the past 30+ years metal detecting, detectorists have added a huge amount that has changed opinions, found nothing where they should have if stories were true And found things in fields previously thought to be of no significance. But turn out to be of national importance. For centuries historians claimed to know the place where Richard 3rd was killed and Henry Tudor became king Bosworth field, . Metal detectorists were given permission and found no evidence of a battle, a few weeks later after searching other fields they found the real battle site, non ferrous buckles , badges , lead gun cannon shot , so much it was easy to record and make a plan of where both sides lined up, where the artillery was and the direction thsy fired. .. My point is , every field between the Catuvelauni hillfort and the roman city of Colchester has been detected again and again and again. Plenty of medieval coins buckles , bronze age , and iron age artifacts have been found But not a single thing to prove legionaries from the mid 1st century bc had been anywhere on or near catuvelauni lands or their settlement. No coins, no buckles or clasps from the type of armour they wore, things that break , strap ends wear and fall off trod into the ground , none of the things you'd expect to find after 12000 legionaries march across land. .... Caesar obviously would write about failing or losing. He would say he achieved his objectives. His ego was huge . But nothing has been found . Everything from eras before and after have been found Not nothing from Caesars time or his soldiers. Nothing at all .
Who sez they were ‘savages’? The Britons were organised under the Pendragon (Supreme Commander of the Combined Forces of the Britons). I.e., not just the local military. ‘Southern Britannia?’ Armorica (Brittany) was part of Britain. Caesar’s men were reduced to foraging as the Britons had prepared - including removing all the livestock. Caesar had his rear booted out of Britain more than once - and was kept out. By the time of Claudius, Caradoc (a.k.a. Caractacus ) was pendragon/high king I.e., senior son and top general of the monarch, Bran. Caradoc was betrayed by ‘Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes’ and taken to Rome in chains. Christianity had arrived in Britain during the last year of Tiberius and Bran ‘the Blessed’ had embraced this. Caradoc was held under house arrest in Rome 52-59 a.d. - hostage for Bran, who eventually travelled to Rome to join Caradoc together with other members of the family. Timothy 2 : 4 : 21… ‘Claudia’ took this name on her adoption by Claudius and marriage to Rufus Pudens - she was Eurgain, natural daughter of Caradoc and known to the Britons by her title, Gwladys. Linus was son of Caradoc and became 1st Bishop of Rome - not Peter. The remains of St Peter’s Church, already established, are still discernible in South Wales.
@@megw7312 I agree queen cartimandaue betrayed Caratacus & Claudius spared his life allowing him to live out his days in a villa in Rome . But I don't know anything about Welsh mythology, Or bran the blessed ( a giant) Who had a son called caradoG ( I've seen the Welsh spelling of Caratacus- CaradoC) Maybe the spelling similarities of the names have mixed up & caused confusion over the years . But the non mythical Caratacus king of the Catuvelauni born in Verulam Was a son of Cunobelin. Grandson of Tasciovanus. The use of the title RICON on coins above their names ( equivalent to the Latin REX, implies them as overlord beyond known catuvelauni territory ) similar to verica in the South/ South coast. Tiberius died 37ad I don't know of any Christian activity that reached Britain at that time ( earliest mentions of Christ in southern Britain begin first quarter of the 3rd century ) I don't know of any titles 'pen-dragon used by any Celtic rulers .
@@kevcaratacus9428 yes.. the spelling may sometimes confuse. - e,g. Irish Conan, Welsh Cynon = same bloke. Bran was monarch ‘in the last year of Tiberius’ - 36-37 a.d. when Joseph of Arimathea (known to the Cymry (Welsh) as Saint Ilyd) arrived with his family in south Wales - though Cornwall claims the initial reception. To understand in context, one might need to know more regarding the very long history of the Britons. If you’d like to know more, I could follow up by pointing to other channels where research is ongoing. Parts of the research is slower as a knowledge of Cymraeg is a bonus - though researchers might be hugely assisted by help from people with a talent for cyphers… e.g., the Lemnos stele and others yet to be prepared for translation. Meantime, why not catch the half hour video - Cymroglyphics 01 Overview.
@@kevcaratacus9428 Pendragon.. You would have to find a Welsh-English dictionary a couple of centuries old. It does not appear in the current editions. The English word ‘dragon’ translates into Welsh as ‘Ddraig’. The Welsh word ‘dragon’ translates to English as ‘General’. ‘Pen’ is still recognised in English as meaning = Head / Top . I’m interested that you say that Caradoc/Caradog was born in St Albans. I didn’t know that and would be interested to know your source: absolutely no reason to dispute this … again, you’d need the context - Britain was a nation!
She was definitely pro Roman Without them she wouldn't have kept her throne , apparently her people ( thats if she was genuinely brigantian) hated her. Caratacus, was lucky to not be taken back to Rome and be publicly executed, like poor old vercingetorix a century earlier..
Great job on ur home remodel! Inn Regards. n inre to Catty! Think in terms of both newly mixed n long settled. The Hunter gatherers dinna go extinct. But from Lasses Pov?) Rather have Stay at Home settled farmer type husbands. If someone living on best agricultural land longest? Breed Big Lads n Healthy la$$-ets!) Inre to Brits rise colored glass past?) U need to reimagine as Mafia Don's running things locally but preventing any unifacation cuz dinna want to cede any power to unite!
I thought caradoc was the Welsh name for Caratacus . ? My man never surrendered he carried on attacking the Romans and generally being a pain in their asses for 9 years until that awful #### cartimandaue drugged his wine and handed him over to the Romans.
Instead if seeing them as "Celtic" tribes reimagining tribes of "Lifestyles " mostly hunter gatherers, mostly settled farmers, mostly ?"Apaches") ass in $tealing 4 a Living"?)))
Pre Roman, late iron age ( celtic) tribes wouldn't know any about stone age man, Hunter gatherers or Neolithic farmers.. Or bronze age people. They lived a 1000 years or more before the belgic tribes came to Britain
P$,) the Real in Reality Roman Empire 1st created by Et hybrids with both tech n esp. Fair in Fairytales?$tolen by Inn-famous U'$) who offed more than 80 of them! Then handed it to Humans! What they did with it is on them! N Caesar was there to finish off as many as possible in time they had. Not single staff meeting ere run by 1 soul. Inn-famy is a Team! N the Usurper? Emperor of Europe!) $0 popular een in his Grandsons Arthur's time was still using his Signet/$ign here ring!
Great video on a subject that is hard to find.🤩
I grew up in Wheathampstead and spent many a consecutive day mapping the possible points of the ancient centre of Wheathampstead during lockdown. I know the coordinates if anyone is interested.
I haven't been to the wheathampstead oppidum for a few years, it used to have a plague saying it was the place Julius Caesar defeated the catuvellauni..
It should be removed, Caesar didn't attack the place or defeat the catuvellauni.
Theres no evidence to support Caesars claims, looking at the facts , the growth the power only continued to expand.
As did farming and output,
everything contradicts a tribe that was defeated whose warriors were killed and many of their people enslaved.
The exact opposite of a defeated tribe.
They even outgrew wheathampstead and many moved to verulamium which also grew very fast.
They defeated the trinovantes and stretched their territory to the east coast.
Nothing implies a defeated people...
Thanks for your videos great information 👍
Fantastic video! I have 82.1% ancestry all in East Anglia/Wales areas. So this hits close to home 😅
Great vid! Loved the the blooper reel at end!!🤣🤣👌👌
I am curious as I am researching the topic of pre-Roman British society and I am interested in its relationship with Gaul especially, what evidence are you using when you speak about Celtic Britonic tribes sending aid to Gaul to help fight the Romans?
I ended up here after tracing my family history back to Catuvellauni. Thank you so much for the history lesson. Sub'd .
Like to see that family tree.🔥
How can you trace a family back to a tribe that nobody knows the name of ?
They may have been called the verulaumi,
@@kevwhufc8640matching DNA strand similarity to the dna strands of remains found of those of the catuvellauni location. I did the same and I’m closest relation to the Dubonni by dna and chromosomal similarity.
@@SanguinesRose1204
I really wish it was possible.
But sadly in reality
DNA tests can let you know which part of the world you come from.
If you originate from Britain
Your test results will come back by far the largest percentage being European, and which part , so , yours for example 97.8%
North Western European .
With a lot of smaller 00.01 % from different parts of the world..
I'm no expert in genetics DNA etc.
I'm just a simple field archaeologist.
But my job brings me into contact with specialists of all kinds.
I often read comments or have people approach me if I'm excavating somewhere close to a path or garden & tell me they are decended from boudicca or the catuvelauni ( I live and work in around Verulamium, wheathampstead
The heart of catuvelauni territory.
..i usually just smile & continue working.
But honestly DNA doesn't work like that . :/
The main reason the Romans succeed was because Britain wasnt ruled by one king with one army , it was divided into a lot of smaller kingdom's & a lot of tribes/ kings were allied with Rome.
Verica allowed them to unload their ships in his area , the remains of his villa shows how well rewarded he was.
Even the Iceni allied themselves with Rome ,proving Boudicca wasn't anti Roman .
Their uprising had nothing to do with saving Britain
It was just revenge, an angry woman who didn't get everything the Romans promised her..
I would love to know why they are called the catuvellauni, I can't find any coins or Roman references to the catuvellauni tribe.
If I had been alive 2000 years ago I would be part of the tribe, their primary settlement verulamium is 5 minutes walk from my house,
I've read everything I can find, but I can't find anything contemporary that mentions the tribal name.
We have coins with various names of rulers, we even have coins with the name of their capital city Verulam/ verlum.
Even today the river is called the river Ver, even Caesar ( as this video mentions) doesn't call them the catuvellauni.. he refers to the cheiftans name cassi ( Casivelaunus) ...
I can't find where , when or who first uses the word catuvellauni. .
We know the tribe was living by the river ver by at least 100bc , artifacts have been found that were in fashion from 120 -100 bc , silver Roman republic coins have also been found dating from 100 , 80 bc ...
That's a Northamptonshire Cambridgeshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire and heartfordshire ima catevellauni ime in Northamptonshire can we have our own king again and get rid of the London government
Even now, Most of Britain North of the River Trent, Would prefer to be Allied with but Separate form the London Government.
North of luton more like
Saying it only took 40 years to conquer Britannia ignores the fact that Caesar attempted to conquer them and failed 100 years prior so it took the romans a minimum of 140 years to conquer Britannia that not including many of the later revolts and disputes about how much control Rome really had over the whole of Britannia ( the roman part of Britain). Not to mention the roman empire had snowballed at this point and had become massively more powerful than they were in the time of Caesars conquests.
Caesar was able to land in Kent and then march to Wheathampstead without much difficulty. After defeating the most powerful tribe he then retired back to his original camp in Kent without opposition and went back to Gaul. He could have campaigned further but was already too strung out in terms of supply lines and Gaul itself was not subdued. His big fight with Vercingetorix was still two years away.
@@damionkeeling3103 I wish history books would update their info , instead of being lazy and printing the same old thing, in this case, Caesar defeating the catuvellauni and destroying the wheathampstead settlement.
Even though there's an info board claiming it to be the place of Caesars victory.
It isn't.
The ditch faces north west, deep catuvellauni territory and in no danger of being attacked.
Caesar claimed he crossed the Thames and marched north to attack the wheathampstead settlement.
There are no ditches or defences around the southern or eastern side of the settlement.
Caesar talks of it being a hillfort, which it isn't.
I spent a lot of years excavating inside and around the outside of the wheathampstead settlement and havn't found a single thing from 1st century, no buckles or clips or other artifacts that break, snap or fall off , uniforms
No evidence from soil analysis of burning, no evidence of attack.
No mention of the Verlamio settlement, just a couple of miles to the west , which was the larger of the two primary settlements in the heartland of catuvellauni territory.
We only have evidence ( remains of ditches ) in south east England , near where Caesar beached his fleet.
Nothing else.
@kevwhufc8640 haha I apologise for laughing mate but I grew up there for my first 25 years and had a hobby for walking. You were looking in the wrong area, if you'd like I'd take you back to the point South East of Wheathampstead, by an ancient spring... atop of a hill that covers the surroundings for many many miles around Wheathampstead. The Devils Dyke (defensive ditches to the South-East of Wheathampstead) is to the North West of there. You can tell from the topography of my spot, alongside the actual strategic layout that fits the historic descriptions perfectly.
I love my little village, despite being 26 I doubt anyone living to know the topography of the surrounding area like I. I disclose that arrogance as to not want you to think I'll waste your time.
@kevwhufc8640 I didn't want you to think I was laughing at you Kev! I apologise if so, I just seldom see such a thought out theory in a RUclips comment that I felt could have been slightly guided if started by a local enthusiast. The Slad is an earthwork (part natural given the spring) directly to the East of Devil's Dyke, South is just the boggy area you spoke of where the spring loops round and follows down the hill: forgive me if this is where you've already looked (it's private land but we can get access with permission) but look on satellite view of Google maps here 51.8050910, -0.2780033- that's directly above the Slad which would mean Devil's Dyke face Westwards into indeed the outer perimeters of the Cattuvellauni area given them only going as far as the Chilterns from memory; making Wheathampstead a settlement worth building defensive positions, with the natural barrier just north of the Lea. If you zoom out on that map view you'll notice the area between Devil's Dyke and the slad is well enclosed almost perfectly by farmland, as well as overlapping perfectly with topographical maps indicating the centre (where Beech Hyde Lane cuts through) and indeed somewhere we can drop a personal map view on Google, to see that you have views almost 360' around; especially so with the removal of trees which would have been a given back then.
Also, while I don't buy wholly into this, if you zoom out further to cover Sandridge and North St Albans, you may notice rather peculiarly that Beech Bottom Dyke about 4 miles South-East of Devil's Dyke lines up rather curiously. What's more, the breadth and depth are extremely similar.
I know Gustard Wood very well and I do in fact remember an escavation being done in that area some years ago! Very impressive work, thank you. I wish I could take a closer look now but alas some custodians of private property are traditional in that respect.
@@HistoryIsDead I'm confused by what your saying,
You are talking about the Celtic settlement wheathampstead and not the village further north ?
The devil's dyke, is to the north west ,, the part they call the slad ( the boggy marshy area) is south west .
From a bird's eye view above the centre of the Celtic settlement the river colne would be to the east .
Across the main road from the old Celtic settlement.
Caesar supposedly came from the east heading west crossed the river colne and attacked the eastern side of the settlement.
Where historians claim he defeated killed the catuvellauni warriors and destroyed their homes .
There's no evidence to support the Roman's attacked or defeated the people inside the settlement.
12000 legionaries would leave some evidence, buckles, clasps, and the other usual things that break , snap ,due to wear and tear, magnetometer would highlight any signs of heat caused by burning the homes , but there's nothing like that .
So I'm not sure what you find amusing, I'm correct as to where the deeper ditches are and where the marshy area is in the southern end of the settlement.
Today there's a lane that goes through the middle of the Celtic settlement .
If you could explain what you consider I've got wrong I would love to hear it ..
Romani Delenda Est!. Those three female Celts pictured here, are those miniatures or a painting?. I have a collection of Celtic warriors we use for D and D. Those would be a great addition!. If they are minis, do you know where to get them. As for some Celts being in Roman employ, it was the same here in America. Custer used Crow scouts against the Sioux as they were hereditary enemies to start with. To this day these are those who still have bad blood between these tribes just like my mother's people, the Southern Miwok and the Paiutes. I think you're starting to hit your stride here. Best Wishes from a Miwok, Cherokee, Scottish, Welsh, Irish person. 2 Native and 3 Celt tribes!.
I don't know how good the Indian/ native guids were in helping Custer.
But those with Caesar either mislead him on purpose or lied about their claims to know anything about southern Britain.
They claimed to have knowledge about a perfect place to use for their ships , deep enough to stay afloat when the tide was out , large enough for the whole fleet and inland perfect for shelter but not to far to make it easy for the enemy to block / trap them from leaving.
They claimed knowledge of main roads , direct towards the Thames and the best place to cross into catuvellauni lands toward their capital.
But after crossing the channel they had no idea where to take the ships , so Caesar beached them on shingle beaches and when the tide was out the ships were stuck until the next tide came in.
They had no idea where the main road was that crossed open land , so had to meander in and out of woodland along narrow trackways .
Which were full of warriors attacking throwing spears and disappearing back into the hilly woodland...
They eventually came to the river Medway thinking it was the Thames, thsy had no idea where the Ford was they got stuck wherever they tried crossing constantly going east until locals told them where to cross , a few miles after crossing and following another trackway they came to the Thames, which being an estuary widening with every step they had marched so far east the Thames looked nore like a sea impossible to see the north bank let alone cross it .
Somehow they sent messengers to their ships who followed the land north before rowing west up the Thames estuary and were ferried across , no more than 50 men a time , .
Once across they were met by guides from the trinovantes who took them to their capital which was miles away from Verulamium..
Archaeology evidence ends in Essex, the rest is a story
Nothing has ever been found to prove they travelled west towards Hertfordshire or anywhere within Catuvellauni lands, let alone the wheathampstead oppidum.
Over the past 30+ years metal detecting, detectorists have added a huge amount that has changed opinions, found nothing where they should have if stories were true
And found things in fields previously thought to be of no significance.
But turn out to be of national importance.
For centuries historians claimed to know the place where Richard 3rd was killed and Henry Tudor became king
Bosworth field, .
Metal detectorists were given permission and found no evidence of a battle, a few weeks later after searching other fields they found the real battle site, non ferrous buckles , badges , lead gun cannon shot , so much it was easy to record and make a plan of where both sides lined up, where the artillery was and the direction thsy fired.
..
My point is , every field between the Catuvelauni hillfort and the roman city of Colchester has been detected again and again and again.
Plenty of medieval coins buckles , bronze age , and iron age artifacts have been found
But not a single thing to prove legionaries from the mid 1st century bc had been anywhere on or near catuvelauni lands or their settlement.
No coins, no buckles or clasps from the type of armour they wore, things that break , strap ends wear and fall off trod into the ground , none of the things you'd expect to find after 12000 legionaries march across land.
....
Caesar obviously would write about failing or losing.
He would say he achieved his objectives.
His ego was huge .
But nothing has been found .
Everything from eras before and after have been found
Not nothing from Caesars time or his soldiers.
Nothing at all .
Who sez they were ‘savages’? The Britons were organised under the Pendragon (Supreme Commander of the Combined Forces of the Britons). I.e., not just the local military. ‘Southern Britannia?’ Armorica (Brittany) was part of Britain. Caesar’s men were reduced to foraging as the Britons had prepared - including removing all the livestock. Caesar had his rear booted out of Britain more than once - and was kept out.
By the time of Claudius, Caradoc (a.k.a. Caractacus ) was pendragon/high king I.e., senior son and top general of the monarch, Bran. Caradoc was betrayed by ‘Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes’ and taken to Rome in chains.
Christianity had arrived in Britain during the last year of Tiberius and Bran ‘the Blessed’ had embraced this. Caradoc was held under house arrest in Rome 52-59 a.d. - hostage for Bran, who eventually travelled to Rome to join Caradoc together with other members of the family.
Timothy 2 : 4 : 21… ‘Claudia’ took this name on her adoption by Claudius and marriage to Rufus Pudens - she was Eurgain, natural daughter of Caradoc and known to the Britons by her title, Gwladys.
Linus was son of Caradoc and became 1st Bishop of Rome - not Peter. The remains of St Peter’s Church, already established, are still discernible in South Wales.
@@megw7312 I agree queen cartimandaue betrayed Caratacus & Claudius spared his life allowing him to live out his days in a villa in Rome .
But I don't know anything about Welsh mythology,
Or bran the blessed ( a giant)
Who had a son called caradoG
( I've seen the Welsh spelling of Caratacus- CaradoC)
Maybe the spelling similarities of the names have mixed up & caused confusion over the years .
But the non mythical Caratacus king of the Catuvelauni born in Verulam
Was a son of Cunobelin.
Grandson of Tasciovanus.
The use of the title RICON on coins above their names ( equivalent to the Latin REX, implies them as overlord beyond known catuvelauni territory ) similar to verica in the South/ South coast.
Tiberius died 37ad
I don't know of any Christian activity that reached Britain at that time ( earliest mentions of Christ in southern Britain begin first quarter of the 3rd century )
I don't know of any titles 'pen-dragon used by any Celtic rulers .
@@kevcaratacus9428 yes.. the spelling may sometimes confuse. - e,g. Irish Conan, Welsh Cynon = same bloke.
Bran was monarch ‘in the last year of Tiberius’ - 36-37 a.d. when Joseph of Arimathea (known to the Cymry (Welsh) as Saint Ilyd) arrived with his family in south Wales - though Cornwall claims the initial reception.
To understand in context, one might need to know more regarding the very long history of the Britons. If you’d like to know more, I could follow up by pointing to other channels where research is ongoing. Parts of the research is slower as a knowledge of Cymraeg is a bonus - though researchers might be hugely assisted by help from people with a talent for cyphers… e.g., the Lemnos stele and others yet to be prepared for translation. Meantime, why not catch the half hour video - Cymroglyphics 01 Overview.
@@kevcaratacus9428 Pendragon.. You would have to find a Welsh-English dictionary a couple of centuries old. It does not appear in the current editions. The English word ‘dragon’ translates into Welsh as ‘Ddraig’. The Welsh word ‘dragon’ translates to English as ‘General’. ‘Pen’ is still recognised in English as meaning = Head / Top .
I’m interested that you say that Caradoc/Caradog was born in St Albans. I didn’t know that and would be interested to know your source: absolutely no reason to dispute this … again, you’d need the context - Britain was a nation!
Makes me wonder if Catumandua was a Princess married into the Brigantes to "Divide and Conquer" the Northern Britons??
She was definitely pro Roman
Without them she wouldn't have kept her throne , apparently her people ( thats if she was genuinely brigantian) hated her.
Caratacus, was lucky to not be taken back to Rome and be publicly executed, like poor old vercingetorix a century earlier..
Great job on ur home remodel! Inn Regards. n inre to Catty! Think in terms of both newly mixed n long settled. The Hunter gatherers dinna go extinct. But from Lasses Pov?) Rather have Stay at Home settled farmer type husbands. If someone living on best agricultural land longest? Breed Big Lads n Healthy la$$-ets!) Inre to Brits rise colored glass past?) U need to reimagine as Mafia Don's running things locally but preventing any unifacation cuz dinna want to cede any power to unite!
I thought caradoc was the Welsh name for Caratacus . ?
My man never surrendered he carried on attacking the Romans and generally being a pain in their asses for 9 years until that awful #### cartimandaue drugged his wine and handed him over to the Romans.
Instead if seeing them as "Celtic" tribes reimagining tribes of "Lifestyles " mostly hunter gatherers, mostly settled farmers, mostly ?"Apaches") ass in $tealing 4 a Living"?)))
Pre Roman, late iron age ( celtic) tribes wouldn't know any about stone age man, Hunter gatherers or Neolithic farmers..
Or bronze age people.
They lived a 1000 years or more before the belgic tribes came to Britain
P$,) the Real in Reality Roman Empire 1st created by Et hybrids with both tech n esp. Fair in Fairytales?$tolen by Inn-famous U'$) who offed more than 80 of them! Then handed it to Humans! What they did with it is on them! N Caesar was there to finish off as many as possible in time they had. Not single staff meeting ere run by 1 soul. Inn-famy is a Team! N the Usurper? Emperor of Europe!) $0 popular een in his Grandsons Arthur's time was still using his Signet/$ign here ring!
Yay a new video :)
Can you do Demetae or Cornovii next?
I'll bring the Cornovii forward, had a few people request them now The Demetae won't be far behind. The Regnenses (Regni) are next.
@@NerdWorldHistory Thankyou so much :)