The timestamps for the different topics covered in the video: 0:23 Advantages of R-2R ladder DAC 1:58 Calculation of the output impedance of R-2R ladder Network 3:47 Calculation of the Output Voltage of 3 -bit R-2R ladder network 15:35 Solved Example
If you keep the formulas aside, I think its the analog value of least significant bit. Correct me if I am wrong. From my understanding resolution is the least voltage that has to change to achieve the corresponding analog voltage.
@@mayankawasthi6839 in case of DACs resolution is the voltage that the output signal is incremented by, when the digital input changes by 1 unit.... For ex on going 101 to 110 The output analog signal would step up from its previous value (Vi) to Vi + Resolution or 1 LSB.
Bro in the example question you have done a mistake At caluculating o/p voltage the order for binary is in reverse order , please check it ..... it is opposite while you summation for thevenins voltages binary order
The volume bro - it's reminding me of the 'blare' memes (you know, the ones where the screen goes red and the volume goes UP lol) All aside, the explanation works; R-2R type DAC is a nice adaptation
Actually, in the thenivin theorem,while calculating Rth,we will not include the resistor through the thenivin voltage is calculated,in the same here also we should include the resistor 2R,but we are including it and saying 2R//2R, how it's possible?
Sir why you have stopped gi thinking the brief description of the topic that you have taught in that particular video, I think it has helped many students and student too have appreciated it, so pls give the description of the topic in description section
Hi, well thanks for raising this point. I am still providing a description of the covered topic. But some topics are more sort of derivation type. (particularly the last couple of videos on BJT). But yes I will continue to do that. And try to provide a more detailed description in the future.
Sir, at 14:05 the ladder circuit shown with inverting op amp where Vr-2r is applied on inverting terminal. So my query is that why we are not added one resistor R between Vr-2r and inverting terminal of op amp to prove the correctness of the written formula of Vo on the same timestamp. Waiting for your reply sir Further, Thank you for providing us these type of valuable and easy understandable videos 🙏
The thing is, there will be equivalent resistance (Thevenin's equivalent resistance) of the R-2R network at the inverting terminal. The equivalent resistance depends on the data input. Its value will in the multiple of R. I have also shown the same thing at the earlier part of the video using the example. That's why there is no need for additional resistor. I hope, it will clear your doubt. If you still have any doubt then let me know here.
What you are saying is that, there should be additional resistor between ladder network and the opamp right ?? But actually the Thevenin's equivalent circuit will be there at the inverting terminal of the opamp. Which comprise of one voltage source and one resistor ( which is the multiple of R). Just put some values in that equation and you will understand it.
I am confused that how Bo B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 values are taken because if Bo and B1 are grounded then then should not be 2 power 1 because first 0: 2 power zero and next zero 2 power 1 and next one is 2 power 2 and so on...
Yeaaah we also need ADC types ....ur way of teaching is good n easy whaf i liked more about ur channel is in description u give all the information definition n time stage for specific topics
I'm guessing the the type of current is AC in this circuit right? I have a school project where I have build a 3-bit R-2R circuit with Vref=1V, but I'm not sure what voltage the op amp is supposed to be amplified to (Vcc+/Vcc-)?
I understood it well but got a doubt.. at 6:12 , when the portion of the circuit was redrawn, in that Vref should be drawn with opposite polarity....because in the original circuit the positive terminal is connected to the bottom terminal of the resistor...
No, It is alright. If you closely look once again, in the equivalent circuit, the Vef is connected to 2R. (Also see the left side circuit at the same time). The other terminal of that 2R resistor is connected to the remaining circuit (the node where we want to find the Thevenin's Equivalent circuit and the second 2R resistor), whose second terminal is grounded. If you closely observe it you will get it. I hope it will clear your doubt.
Sir after using superposition theorm and selecting one input at a time and grounding others can't we then we Kirchhoff's current laws to get vout??? Instead of Thevenin equivalent Thanks
no, it is correct. If you see the expression, in the denominator, there is 2^(N- i). Here N is 6. And B2, B3, and B5 are 1. So, it will be 1/(2^(6-2)) + 1/(2^(6-3)) + 1/ (2^(6-5)) That is 1/2^4 + 1/2^3 + 1/2 I hope it will clear your doubt.
It is found using the voltage divider. From 6:00 onward, I have already explained it with the equivalent circuit. Please go through it once again, you will get it.
I lost where denominator of Vout is R, maybe that because he said overall impedance is r? but i don't get the overall impedance. anyway I grabbed on gasp of R-2R. thanks very much
probably a better question is why does the equation for Vo have -Rf/R when Rf is present but doesn't have that when there's a short circuit? Since a short circuit means Rf=0? Or is it just convention to use that equation when the output terminal is shorted with the negative input terminal
Unless you are specified the value of Rf (feedback resistor) and R, the resolution of n-bit R-2R DAC is Vref / 2^n . (Because you do not know the internal circuit as well as the value of resistor) But if you have been specifically given the values of R and Rf, (like the solved example at the later part of the video at 16:18), then you can use the equation given in the video. I hope, it will clear your doubt.
By applying the KCL at the inverting node, you can find the current Rf. Assuming opamp as ideal opamp, no current is flowing into opamp terminal. Therefore, the current through Rf is the summation of all the incoming currents at the inverting terminal. I hope, it will clear your doubt.
The timestamps for the different topics covered in the video:
0:23 Advantages of R-2R ladder DAC
1:58 Calculation of the output impedance of R-2R ladder Network
3:47 Calculation of the Output Voltage of 3 -bit R-2R ladder network
15:35 Solved Example
I see you actually built the 3-bit ladder DAC and used it to process your audio too. Top work.
You, sir, made my day xDDDDD
🤣🤣
this is really good one
Much more than you did, "sir"
“What a snarky…”, listens to audio, damn it, totally agree!
U saved my subject..Basic Electronics...Back lagne se Bach gya...thank u 3000❤️❤️ times
thank god for those indians educators on youtube , bless you
Why ??? I'm simply curious . 😊
Everytime that im in trouble with some subject on Engineering, i always end up in youtube , and its always an indian guy teaching
exactly
@@krishnanunnipradeep4650 by the way he is indian himself 😂😂
Lol Indians are everywhere
Ohk by two methods u can solve it!
(Resolution)
1. Resolution = FSO/2^n -1 = -9. 84375/2^6 -1 = -0. 15625v
2. Resolution = k. Vref/2^n
(Here k= gain which is equal to -Rf/R =2kohm/1kohm =2)
Therefor
Resolution =( 2 * Vref) /2^n =( 2 * 5) /64 = 0.15625v
Got it?
Thank You, you have made things clear. I totally forgot about the gain when calculating the resolution using the Vref instead of the FSO.
If you keep the formulas aside, I think its the analog value of least significant bit. Correct me if I am wrong. From my understanding resolution is the least voltage that has to change to achieve the corresponding analog voltage.
@@mayankawasthi6839 in case of DACs resolution is the voltage that the output signal is incremented by, when the digital input changes by 1 unit....
For ex on going 101 to 110
The output analog signal would step up from its previous value (Vi) to Vi + Resolution or 1 LSB.
@@kushagraacharya4629 exactly i was trying to say the same. Thank you for the explanation. 🙂
@@mayankawasthi6839 yess....u were trying....hehe...but tumhe yaad kaise hai, paper toh ho gaya hoga abtk
This video was exactly what I needed, thank you so much!
Thank you for saving me time and frustration.
The audio in this is basically earrape meme content.
the audio amplified by a RC coupled multistage amplifier upto 100 db 😂
@@basedbarman😂😂😂
Do let me know the Resolution (in Volts) for the last example.
Yes, I will upload it soon. I have already posted the introductory video. And remaining videos on the different types of ADCs will be posted soon.
resolution is = -0.15625V
resolution=fullscale voltage/number of steps(2^n -1 ; n=number of bits)
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS resolution is 78mA
Resolution =1/2^6 (6 bit) =0.0156
Such that the reference given is 5v so 0.0156 × 5=78.125 mv
Please give ur feedback sir.
Yes
5v/(2^6)=0.078125(78 mA)
Loved the video. My buddy Jacob did too and he is usually very picky! Keep up the solid work!
Bro in the example question you have done a mistake
At caluculating o/p voltage the order for binary is in reverse order , please check it .....
it is opposite while you summation for thevenins voltages binary order
Love you sir your time and dedication made my analog 💪 stronger love you sir 😍
Thank you i understand it easily firstly I confused in this topic
Excellent 👌 as usual
The volume bro - it's reminding me of the 'blare' memes (you know, the ones where the screen goes red and the volume goes UP lol)
All aside, the explanation works; R-2R type DAC is a nice adaptation
VERY GOOD LECTURES SIR ENJOYED THEM
THAT HELPED ME IN MECHATRONICS TOO
at time 17:29 there is confusion between the LSB starts from left side of ladder or from right side of ladder network?
Also then which bit will have the status of Vref/64 , Vref/32... and so on
Thats my question too. It seems like he did a mistake. But I wonder no one is talking about that except us.
Edit: I understand it now.
In the figure LSB starts from left n goes to MSB rightwards . He's correct according to formula and figure also...
Simply excellent! Thank you.
Actually, in the thenivin theorem,while calculating Rth,we will not include the resistor through the thenivin voltage is calculated,in the same here also we should include the resistor 2R,but we are including it and saying 2R//2R, how it's possible?
@@Aswinikrishn same doubt
Sir why you have stopped gi thinking the brief description of the topic that you have taught in that particular video, I think it has helped many students and student too have appreciated it, so pls give the description of the topic in description section
Hi, well thanks for raising this point. I am still providing a description of the covered topic. But some topics are more sort of derivation type. (particularly the last couple of videos on BJT).
But yes I will continue to do that. And try to provide a more detailed description in the future.
Sir, at 14:05 the ladder circuit shown with inverting op amp where Vr-2r is applied on inverting terminal. So my query is that why we are not added one resistor R between Vr-2r and inverting terminal of op amp to prove the correctness of the written formula of Vo on the same timestamp.
Waiting for your reply sir
Further, Thank you for providing us these type of valuable and easy understandable videos 🙏
The thing is, there will be equivalent resistance (Thevenin's equivalent resistance) of the R-2R network at the inverting terminal. The equivalent resistance depends on the data input. Its value will in the multiple of R. I have also shown the same thing at the earlier part of the video using the example. That's why there is no need for additional resistor. I hope, it will clear your doubt. If you still have any doubt then let me know here.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS sorry sir but still thing not clear.
What you are saying is that, there should be additional resistor between ladder network and the opamp right ?? But actually the Thevenin's equivalent circuit will be there at the inverting terminal of the opamp. Which comprise of one voltage source and one resistor ( which is the multiple of R).
Just put some values in that equation and you will understand it.
I am confused that how Bo B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 values are taken because if Bo and B1 are grounded then then should not be 2 power 1 because first 0: 2 power zero and next zero 2 power 1 and next one is 2 power 2 and so on...
yes he made mistake
in 16:06 Does N mean the number of authorized B?
It is number of bits of DAC. In this case, since it is 6 bit DAC, so N = 6.
Thanks for your Good Explanation Sir 😊
十分感谢，很详细。nice meet my requirement
It would be nice if you upload ADC topics such as Flash ADC, Successive approximation and integrating ADC
Yes, it will be covered in the upcoming videos.
Yeaaah we also need ADC types ....ur way of teaching is good n easy whaf i liked more about ur channel is in description u give all the information definition n time stage for specific topics
I'm guessing the the type of current is AC in this circuit right? I have a school project where I have build a 3-bit R-2R circuit with Vref=1V, but I'm not sure what voltage the op amp is supposed to be amplified to (Vcc+/Vcc-)?
Absolutely wonderful explanation! Good job.
So the resolution should be |FSO| / (2^N-1) = (10Vx63)÷(64x63) = 10V/64 = 0.15625 V.
Isn't it 2^N-1 so 2^5??
@@ps9058 no, 1 is not exponential term
@@hemanthkumar2605 okay 👍
I understood it well but got a doubt.. at 6:12 , when the portion of the circuit was redrawn, in that Vref should be drawn with opposite polarity....because in the original circuit the positive terminal is connected to the bottom terminal of the resistor...
No, It is alright. If you closely look once again, in the equivalent circuit, the Vef is connected to 2R. (Also see the left side circuit at the same time). The other terminal of that 2R resistor is connected to the remaining circuit (the node where we want to find the Thevenin's Equivalent circuit and the second 2R resistor), whose second terminal is grounded.
If you closely observe it you will get it.
I hope it will clear your doubt.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS , thank you.. I got it clarified.
vielen dank !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 500 mal danke!!
DAC resolution = 78mV, After the Amplification 156mV
3:21 why are (R+R) & 2R Parallel but Not Series there?
The reason is we want to find the equivalent resistance between the one end of 2R resistor and the ground. I hope it will clear your doubt.
Sir after using superposition theorm and selecting one input at a time and grounding others can't we then we Kirchhoff's current laws to get vout???
Instead of Thevenin equivalent
Thanks
Yes, using that too we can find the voltage at each node.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thank you sir
Resolution of R-2R DAC is given by
(Vref×Rf) ÷ (2^n×R) = (5×2×1000) ÷ (2^6×1000)
=5÷2^5
=0.15625
Resolution in volts
As usual excellent video
he really did explain it
3:03 isn't the left most resistor R?
No, the last one (left most one) is always 2R.
U just simplified it to r right?
Great content!
How are the 2R when calculating the Rth in parallel ??
Would you please mention the timestamp where you are referring to in the video ?
Can you check again at 17:22 time, u put wrong values in formula. i think it should be 2^6+ 2^4+ 2^3
no, it is correct. If you see the expression, in the denominator, there is 2^(N- i).
Here N is 6. And B2, B3, and B5 are 1.
So, it will be 1/(2^(6-2)) + 1/(2^(6-3)) + 1/ (2^(6-5))
That is 1/2^4 + 1/2^3 + 1/2
I hope it will clear your doubt.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS Oh yeah. I was confused in MSB and LSB.. thanks man
thankyou sir
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
Hello, where can I find voltage and current switches implementation? Thank You for your videos.
I am big fan of ur videos😉😘😘...pls do you post videos about Bus protocols..such as CAN ,I2C ,SPI , ETHERNET..
Once I finish a few videos on ADC and DAC, I will also make videos on these topics.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thank you bro😊
At 6:46 how to find v thenin Please explain and
It is found using the voltage divider. From 6:00 onward, I have already explained it with the equivalent circuit. Please go through it once again, you will get it.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thans sir
Kindly use the subscripts a little lower on the slide,so that we can view the whole content at a time!
Beautiful explaination!!!! Thank you @allaboutelectronics!!!
Is Vref series connected with all terminals? given that all digits are 1?
Yes, when all digits are 1, Vref is connected to all terminals.
Resolution=Full scale reference voltage/2n-1=-9.84375/63=0.15625(n=no.of bits=6)
sir can you clarify what is the resulation for example sum I got -0.1091
Incredible teaching efforts but please improve your 🎤
here if we want to provide gain why do not we apply one more resister in inout side
the electric ciruit is so simple to understand but when i tried this ob labotary i got some problem with conecting the swithch to this circuit
How can I design this DAC what kind of software can I use
Which Op-Amp did u use?
I lost where denominator of Vout is R, maybe that because he said overall impedance is r? but i don't get the overall impedance. anyway I grabbed on gasp of R-2R. thanks very much
tysm for awesome content
i thought that equation for the last output was the formula for finding Vo for a weighted resistor DAC
probably a better question is why does the equation for Vo have -Rf/R when Rf is present but doesn't have that when there's a short circuit? Since a short circuit means Rf=0? Or is it just convention to use that equation when the output terminal is shorted with the negative input terminal
I think I get it now, (kinda) but please reply if you have a good way to understand it
Thank you
for better understanding please go through this video on the op-amp. It will help you.
ruclips.net/video/uyOfonR_rEw/видео.html
Why cant we use one resistor at maximum current flow
Thank you so much sir!
Nice 👍✌️❣️
thank youu so much sir
Thank you sir
Do smartphone has ladder dac
Do smartphone dac has r2r dacs
what is the resolution of 3 bit R-2R DAC?
Unless you are specified the value of Rf (feedback resistor) and R, the resolution of n-bit R-2R DAC is Vref / 2^n . (Because you do not know the internal circuit as well as the value of resistor) But if you have been specifically given the values of R and Rf, (like the solved example at the later part of the video at 16:18), then you can use the equation given in the video. I hope, it will clear your doubt.
Sir, please explain the last step I didn't understand how to put values after submation sign
I understood now sir
Tnq clear cut explanation
Nice !
Plz also at last of video display conclusion
nice class...
thanks so much
Why to find fso?
Thank you for your help...
Nice explanation
Thankyou soo much sir👍
thank you so much sir
how to find current in Rf?
By applying the KCL at the inverting node, you can find the current Rf. Assuming opamp as ideal opamp, no current is flowing into opamp terminal. Therefore, the current through Rf is the summation of all the incoming currents at the inverting terminal.
I hope, it will clear your doubt.
SIR, CAN I HAVE THE PDF NEED TO CREATE A REPORT
I think there should be one resistance between opamp and 2r
Very Good
We have given 101100 then we considered b0-1,b1-0 and so on...?
No, it is from the other side. B0 is the LSB. So, B0 = 0 (Right most Bit), Then B1 = 0, B2=1, B3 = 1 and so on.
Resolution=-0.15625V,is it crrct sir...
God bless you :)
I have a project on this subject so I really need more help
I can help.
Skyrim dang
If inace given input is having points like 0111.00111
good video
could I use images from this vedio in my university exercise? as explanation , with reference
yes but give credit
17:12 should be B5, B3 and B2 .. .NOT B0,B2 and B3
Yes bro same doubt
The resolution should be 0.1538 V
Thank you sir very good explanation
Can any one explain me the 12.38 sumation of step 🙏🙏😒
why Vo is negative
Op-amp is used in the inverting configuration .
5/64 resolution assuming constant equal to1
Super 👌👌👌
Resolution = Full scale op / (2^N-1) = -0.15626v
loved it
Since gain is 2 , so (5/(2^6)) * 2 = 0.15625
can u please tell which formula did u use?
Thks sir
you are yelling into the microphone
Subtitles should remove, because the contents of circuit is not visible
You can turn off the subtitles manually in the video settings.