Grimsvotn is by far the most active volcano in the recent history of Iceland. In the past 50 years, this volcano has consistently erupted after approximately the same amount of overall seismic energy was released. Thus, the current total released seismic energy in the vicinity of Grimvotn (in 2022, since its last eruption) is approaching what was reached in 2004 and 2011, before its previous eruptions. Based on this, it is highly likely that Grimsvotn will erupt in the next 12 months.
Try watching rekyavik news abit, you may get better at pronoucing things. Thats exactly the reason why i had suggested the name "Bob" for the little vent in 2020. I wanted something memorable, simple, and funny, and remembered an interview with jeremy clarkson and rowen atkinson on topgear in fact..
GH: Have you considered a brief summation of your recent visit to Iceland with an eye toward chronology and comparisons between your own observations and the official data reported by the Iceland national observatory? This would be of interest to me and hopefully, enough of your subscribers/viewers to warrant such. Cheers.
Realise the true power of Mother Earth in the form of volcanic activity, and you'll realise that 'the Economy' is nothing but a term forced upon you, to believe that móney is more important then this planet. The Grimsvotn is a very volatile and highly toxic volcano. If 'the Economy' is your primce concern during an eruption of this monstrosity, then you clearly lack realism, perspective and proper basic-knowledge as a human being. Sorry to state the obvious.
Would be bad, it was bad in 1783 and nowdays would be just, if not moreso, devistating. Acid rain posioning the ground, posionous geo gases, and let's think of it's ash consequences on techology and ground short term, 10 to 12 years bad soil till the acid and poisions drain out and dissipate. And, I'm theorizing that one is one of the least of the worrier ones incoming. Other calderas are refilling and getting ready for their grand shows here soon. 2024 and 2025 has its shows prepped, and others have been described and said as markers in time by multiple catholic saints, prophecies and visionaries.
On a northern slope of Nemrut volcano I found a young looking basalltic lava flow, which was overlapped by dacitic lava dome, and it seems to be a one eruption! Can you please tell about this young caldera in Turkey?
Yeah I have ben curious about that volcano myself for one because it represents a modern example of a volcanic dam as the volcano blocked off a river channel resulting in the formation of lake Van and is one of the major sites historically of obsidian. From what I can tell its most recent confirmed eruption was in 1650 AD and it seems to have a long history of volcanic activity involving a wide assortment of different magma types.
Hmm, ya know yellowstone has a few sites of basalt flows eruption cases tok, and makes me wonder more on the size of the salton buttes, besides it's placement of the start of the east pacific rise and thinking about africa's eastern rift zone's plume at it's start, makes me wonder if it is being underestimated. And makes me a bit more worried on the san andreas connection to it besides the dumrid ladder formation. 😬 There is more to the salton buttes and the other usa calderas, classified mega or a bit smaller than that, than what meets the eye.
It has been hypothesised, although I don't think it's quite accepted (yet?), that the 1783-85 Laki eruption at least contributed to the French revolution beginning in 1789. Powerful stuff at work here at Grímsvötn.
Yeah, I'm not trying to under- or overplay it. But we know that the 1815 eruption of that Indonesian volcano whose name always escapes me (Tambora?) caused or contributed to 1816 becoming known as The Year without a Summer. So yes, even without the Laki eruption, the French Revolution would likely have happened anyway. But there's always that possibility that Laki contributed to it. It didn't cause it.
The Laki eruption may have also exacerbated the Tenmei famine in Japan, in conjunction with a smaller (but still quite large) eruption of Asama. So the indirect death toll may have actually been in the hundreds of thousands…
Also caused a really cold winter in usa in 1783, Benjamin Franklin wrote about it in his diary. Eldmessa, or fire mass sermon, is one of its documentations of the event in iceland, many died from famine and the poisionus geo gases there big time and besides most of western europe then. Bad timing on the eruptions part, during late summer and fall harvests. Least USA got the trade winds in winter, the shoe would been on the other foot if it was the opposite, which is something to keep in mind for future reference just in case. Also remember the year without the summer 1816 Tambora, and butler Pa with a smart farmer who thought of planting buckwheat, since other crops perished, which grew fast, could withstand some harsh cold and conditions, and kept many people and farm animals from starving in USA in that time period.
@@razorransom1795 I have actually been to the location of Steingrimsson's Eldmessa. The old church's foundations are still there, and is being used as a (very small) cemetery for I believe the clergy in Kirkjubaejarklaustur.
Highly recommend further reading about the Laki eruption, it was cataclysmic for the population of Iceland and created a suffocating gas cloud over parts of Europe. It also generated something like 5-6x the amount of sulphur as the highly gaseous Pinatubo eruption in 1991. Despite Laki not being predominantly explosive (still a VEI 4-5 with some tephra production and likely very tall lava fountains), it lofted enough sulphur high enough to cause climate disturbances and the characteristic ‘dry fog’ seen throughout modern history with large volcanic eruptions. It’s one of the most fascinating eruptions of historic times and is likely the closest humans have come to witnessing a flood basalt; the difference being take the Laki event and continue it for thousands of years.
@@mikelouis9389 Too my knowledge there doesn't appear to be any known active volcanoes with the underlying craton being one of the oldest cratons on Earth dating back at least 3.5 billion years. Technically though as the Icelandic hotspot was once in Greenland and is/was responsible for rifting Greenland away from Ireland Brittan and the edge of Baltica(Scandinavian craton/paleocontinent so continental shelf off of Norway) via opening the northern extension of the Mid Atlantic Ridge into Eurasia with the vast flood basalt eruption 56 Ma known as the North Atlantic Large Igneous Province(NALIP) so in essence you can argue Iceland is the volcanism in Greenland 56 million years removed. :P
The eruption of Laki in the late-1700’s likely changed the course of world history, especially across the Western World! The Laki eruption led to widespread climate issues and crop failure in much of Europe, which in turn sparked the beginnings of the Age of Revolution in Europe, including the French Revolution. So that was a volcanic eruption which likely drastically changed the course of history of us all.
I just saw a Facebook reel of a massive car-sized chunk of something called Red Obsidian being cut up and shaped. How does red obsidian form and where does it form?
Iceland has a love hate relationship with volcanos and the past year and a half has been very beneficial to them from an economic standpoint. But, when a major eruption happens and produces toxic gasses it can kill.
Very interesting that Grimsvotn was not ice and snow covered 4500 years ago. Does that mean the climate was warmer then or was something else causing it?
#GeologyHub - Earthquakes in water appeared as troughs with no waves - three in a row about 7 feet deep and 10 feet apart, how is that possible? location the northern end of the adriatic sea, time last year september, the shape was u-shaped, max 3 ft wide
While I like the coverage of our volcanoes, you can´t just take a random placename (Kálfafell) that you see when you zoom in on googlemaps and make it into a city haha. The closest town is Kirkjubæjarklaustur ("Church´farm´cloister" ) with 500 inhabitants. P.s. pronounce the "j" in Vatnajökull like a "y" : " Vatna-yoekutl"
Today the Grimsvötn volcano seems to have reached a new level of activity. The BIGGEST earthquake ever recorded just hit the system (M4.5) at 100 meter depth. All evidence is pointing toward a jökulhlaup having started.
This may be a odd question. If so please forgive. My question is; why does Iceland exist? The Island, as you pointed out, sits on the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Most all of the ridge Is in very deep water, but come to that Island and it's above the sea. Is it a very large hot spot just a lot bigger than most if Mid-Atlantic ridge? While I visited the island nation, I visited a local rock shop and found lots of fossils. The shop owner explained the are lots of fossils on the island. So the land must also have up lift too. So the Island is more than a volcanic Island. Thanks.
The island of Iceland does sit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and it also sits on a hot spot. At 2:05 the narrator points out that the island's hotspot is located just north of the Grunsvotn volcano.
Hawaii has been formed in a similar way as the big island with the active volcanos is over another hot spot. If you look at a seafloor map you can see how tectonics has moved the crust over the hot spot.
As others mentioned Iceland's unique characteristics is that the hot spot lies along the Mid Atlantic Ridge the heat from the buoyant hot spot plume naturally uplifts the crust elevating it above the rest of the Mid Atlantic Ridge. That said from a deeper context of Plate tectonics there is a deeper connection between the younger northern extension of the Mid Atlantic Ridge which Iceland underlies. This is because prior to 56 million years ago the North Atlantic as we know it didn't exist yet. Instead North America to the north was only separated by a relatively narrow but deep straight from the combined landmass of Greenland + Eurasia which represents a failed rift into Laurasia during the earlier flood basalt event, the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province responsible for ripping apart Pangaea. However around 56 Ma we saw a new enormous flood basalt eruption known as the North Atlantic Large Igneous Province(NALIP) which appears to correspond to the potential plume head linked to the Icelandic hotspot. These eruptions initiated on what was once a continental boundary between Greenland and Ireland + Britain, as well as the continental shelf of the westernmost of the large craton/paleocontinents that form the core of Eurasia, and the continental shelf of Baltica. (i.e. Norway or more generally its the Scandinavian craton/paleocontinent that is the westernmost of the large Precambrian craton/paleocontinents that form the core of Eurasia.) It is my understanding that much like the straight between Greenland and Canada is a failed branch of the CAMP the boundary between two islands today are split by a separate failed rift fissure, is/was responsible for rifting Greenland away from Ireland + Britain and likely the edge of Baltica. Regardless the net result was the opening of the northern extension of the Mid Atlantic Ridge into Eurasia coinciding with the onset of the vast flood basalt eruption 56 Ma. Interestingly the NALIP doesn't appear to have been the only vast flood basalt eruption around this time. A similar vast Flood Basalt also formed along the East Pacific Rise 56 Ma too though this has since been subducted underneath North America with the remains of the former oceanic plateau volcanic archipelago complex having been accreted onto Washington and Oregon and the Yakutat Block terrane which is currently undergoing accretion onto North America up in Alaska driving the prolific and explosive volcanism in the region. The Pacific hotspot counterpart to the Iceland Hotspot is currently underneath North America having left a track of explosive caldera forming eruptions as well as a mini flood basalt eruption that has since been linked to the underlying hotspot melting through the subducting Farallon slab releasing the accumulated ~30 million years of hot buoyant material which accumulated beneath it. The Track is found from Oregon and and California up into its current location in Wyoming/Montana but its notably been warped by the ongoing clockwise rotation of western North America which notably began around the time North America subducted the end of the Farallon plate(i.e. the East Pacific Rise). I don't think there is any consensus on what exactly triggered the simultaneous emergence of two large Igneous provinces around this time however there does appear to have been a much larger tectonic reshuffling of plate motions and boundaries around this timeframe as well as a 31 Kilometer impact structure beneath the Hiawatha Glacier on Greenland dated to 58 Ma which is close enough it time that it could possibly be correlated indirectly. To my Knowledge I'm not aware of any other LIPs which appear to have formed simultaneously like this but it seems unlikely to be a coincidence that two hotspots straddling Mid ocean ridges/zones of upwelling next to the termination of the subducted Farallon slab formed around this time. Note for context that the end of the Farallon slab below North America according to Seismic tomography corresponds to a site of major hot upwelling which appears to connect the East pacific Rise to the South to the eastern edge of the Colorado Plateau to Yellowstone and via a comparatively identical sized offset in the Farallon slab to the West the modern Juan de Fuca ridge. Based on the Seismic tomography this upwelling appears to be responsible for the creation of the Colorado Plateau and the older Cratonic portions of the Basin and Range Province via burning away and extending the continental crust from below in a series of older and older chunks which appears to correspond to intervals of extensive uplift out west responsible for driving extensive erosion. Frankly whatever event drove the geologically near simultaneous formation of the Yellowstone and Icelandic hot spots and their large Igneous provinces isn't the only interval of such a punctual tectonic boundary rearrangement but it is one of the most extreme and as mentioned before the only one I know of.
Is all of the volcanic systems around the Hotspot fluorine rich, or is this a peculiarity of this particular volcano itself? I have been very curious about the high fluorine content of the eruption and its deleterious effects.
Every volcano has its own unique chemistry profile, but flourine-rich ash is common from Icelandic volcanoes in general, and Grimsvotn and Hekla in particular.
Well, based on what the video says, its the stretching of the earths crust that opens up paths of least resistance for the lava, so I'd guess the depth of the ice cap makes no difference.
@@DavidOfWhitehills I think that's what he was asking about. If the ice cap suddenly (in geological terms) melts away, the crust below could experience a great amount of uplift in absence of the tremendous weight of ice, thereby stretching the crust.
How much time do you spend practicing how to pronounce those names? And is there any interesting geology around that place in Wales that has 1 of the world's longest names?
Grimsvotn is by far the most active volcano in the recent history of Iceland. In the past 50 years, this volcano has consistently erupted after approximately the same amount of overall seismic energy was released. Thus, the current total released seismic energy in the vicinity of Grimvotn (in 2022, since its last eruption) is approaching what was reached in 2004 and 2011, before its previous eruptions. Based on this, it is highly likely that Grimsvotn will erupt in the next 12 months.
How thick is the ice sheet, and did it actual impact the eruption rate of the volcanos?
Try watching rekyavik news abit, you may get better at pronoucing things. Thats exactly the reason why i had suggested the name "Bob" for the little vent in 2020. I wanted something memorable, simple, and funny, and remembered an interview with jeremy clarkson and rowen atkinson on topgear in fact..
You should cover Ancient Lakes (over million years old):
Lake Pingualuk, Lake Lanao, Lake Baikal, & Lake Vostok.
I have an older video on Bosumtwi and Pingualit (both impact craters).
@@GeologyHub i'm always interested in impact craters in the world that are water covered
GH: Have you considered a brief summation of your recent visit to Iceland with an eye toward chronology and comparisons between your own observations and the official data reported by the Iceland national observatory? This would be of interest to me and hopefully, enough of your subscribers/viewers to warrant such. Cheers.
I can't imagine the economic impact a repeat of this eruption would have in these times.
Realise the true power of Mother Earth in the form of volcanic activity, and you'll realise that 'the Economy' is nothing but a term forced upon you, to believe that móney is more important then this planet.
The Grimsvotn is a very volatile and highly toxic volcano. If 'the Economy' is your primce concern during an eruption of this monstrosity, then you clearly lack realism, perspective and proper basic-knowledge as a human being. Sorry to state the obvious.
Would be bad, it was bad in 1783 and nowdays would be just, if not moreso, devistating. Acid rain posioning the ground, posionous geo gases, and let's think of it's ash consequences on techology and ground short term, 10 to 12 years bad soil till the acid and poisions drain out and dissipate. And, I'm theorizing that one is one of the least of the worrier ones incoming. Other calderas are refilling and getting ready for their grand shows here soon. 2024 and 2025 has its shows prepped, and others have been described and said as markers in time by multiple catholic saints, prophecies and visionaries.
Grimsvotn is one of a few volcanoes that give me a particular ominous feeling, and I don't know why. Silverthrone in Canada is another.
On a northern slope of Nemrut volcano I found a young looking basalltic lava flow, which was overlapped by dacitic lava dome, and it seems to be a one eruption! Can you please tell about this young caldera in Turkey?
Yeah I have ben curious about that volcano myself for one because it represents a modern example of a volcanic dam as the volcano blocked off a river channel resulting in the formation of lake Van and is one of the major sites historically of obsidian.
From what I can tell its most recent confirmed eruption was in 1650 AD and it seems to have a long history of volcanic activity involving a wide assortment of different magma types.
Hmm, ya know yellowstone has a few sites of basalt flows eruption cases tok, and makes me wonder more on the size of the salton buttes, besides it's placement of the start of the east pacific rise and thinking about africa's eastern rift zone's plume at it's start, makes me wonder if it is being underestimated. And makes me a bit more worried on the san andreas connection to it besides the dumrid ladder formation. 😬 There is more to the salton buttes and the other usa calderas, classified mega or a bit smaller than that, than what meets the eye.
Like the new graphic there showing off the VEI eruptions with the specific years.
1:59 How exactly does one figure out where the volcanic hotspot under a place lies?
Measuring seismic waves. They travel at different speeds thru solids and liquids (even when they are both rock.)
Let's hope there is no "Fluke" like Laki again anytime soon
It has been hypothesised, although I don't think it's quite accepted (yet?), that the 1783-85 Laki eruption at least contributed to the French revolution beginning in 1789. Powerful stuff at work here at Grímsvötn.
Almost certainly a factor, although how much of a factor is debatable.
Troubles with crops and starvation were important. How much eruptions contributed is the challenge.
Yeah, I'm not trying to under- or overplay it. But we know that the 1815 eruption of that Indonesian volcano whose name always escapes me (Tambora?) caused or contributed to 1816 becoming known as The Year without a Summer. So yes, even without the Laki eruption, the French Revolution would likely have happened anyway. But there's always that possibility that Laki contributed to it. It didn't cause it.
@@weepingscorpion8739 it’s tambora
@@Vesuviusisking Thanks. I thought so.
Always amazing how you seem to get the pronunciations of all the places and names to sound correct. That in itself is educational.
Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
The Laki eruption may have also exacerbated the Tenmei famine in Japan, in conjunction with a smaller (but still quite large) eruption of Asama. So the indirect death toll may have actually been in the hundreds of thousands…
Also caused a really cold winter in usa in 1783, Benjamin Franklin wrote about it in his diary. Eldmessa, or fire mass sermon, is one of its documentations of the event in iceland, many died from famine and the poisionus geo gases there big time and besides most of western europe then. Bad timing on the eruptions part, during late summer and fall harvests. Least USA got the trade winds in winter, the shoe would been on the other foot if it was the opposite, which is something to keep in mind for future reference just in case. Also remember the year without the summer 1816 Tambora, and butler Pa with a smart farmer who thought of planting buckwheat, since other crops perished, which grew fast, could withstand some harsh cold and conditions, and kept many people and farm animals from starving in USA in that time period.
@@razorransom1795 I have actually been to the location of Steingrimsson's Eldmessa. The old church's foundations are still there, and is being used as a (very small) cemetery for I believe the clergy in Kirkjubaejarklaustur.
@@ashtonlewis4814 Isn't there a small newer church there? Saw a youtuber film while they visited it.
@@razorransom1795 Yes, right next to the old church. The door was locked while I was there ;-;
3:06 Disney is gonna sue this volcano for trying to copy its logo.
I love your videos. Volcanoes have always fascinated me and I respect nature's power of creation and destruction.
Highly recommend further reading about the Laki eruption, it was cataclysmic for the population of Iceland and created a suffocating gas cloud over parts of Europe.
It also generated something like 5-6x the amount of sulphur as the highly gaseous Pinatubo eruption in 1991. Despite Laki not being predominantly explosive (still a VEI 4-5 with some tephra production and likely very tall lava fountains), it lofted enough sulphur high enough to cause climate disturbances and the characteristic ‘dry fog’ seen throughout modern history with large volcanic eruptions.
It’s one of the most fascinating eruptions of historic times and is likely the closest humans have come to witnessing a flood basalt; the difference being take the Laki event and continue it for thousands of years.
Geology Hub is on fire.
Excellent video! "Jokull" is pronounced "Yo-Cool"
Uhhhh, basically, Iceland is one gigantic volcano with a lot of vents.
What I am wondering is this, are there any active volcanoes in Greenland?
@@mikelouis9389 Too my knowledge there doesn't appear to be any known active volcanoes with the underlying craton being one of the oldest cratons on Earth dating back at least 3.5 billion years.
Technically though as the Icelandic hotspot was once in Greenland and is/was responsible for rifting Greenland away from Ireland Brittan and the edge of Baltica(Scandinavian craton/paleocontinent so continental shelf off of Norway) via opening the northern extension of the Mid Atlantic Ridge into Eurasia with the vast flood basalt eruption 56 Ma known as the North Atlantic Large Igneous Province(NALIP) so in essence you can argue Iceland is the volcanism in Greenland 56 million years removed. :P
I love this channel, that’s all.
The eruption of Laki in the late-1700’s likely changed the course of world history, especially across the Western World! The Laki eruption led to widespread climate issues and crop failure in much of Europe, which in turn sparked the beginnings of the Age of Revolution in Europe, including the French Revolution. So that was a volcanic eruption which likely drastically changed the course of history of us all.
I just saw a Facebook reel of a massive car-sized chunk of something called Red Obsidian being cut up and shaped. How does red obsidian form and where does it form?
Iceland has a love hate relationship with volcanos and the past year and a half has been very beneficial to them from an economic standpoint. But, when a major eruption happens and produces toxic gasses it can kill.
Thanks for your video
Can you do a video on Bermuda?
Nothing there except off shore Banking, tourist traps and golf courses for fat rich Americans.
Grimsvotn’s caldera looks like Mickey Mouse’s head ! Also, Grimsvotn appears to be very sulfur rich.
Props on your pronunciations
Very interesting that Grimsvotn was not ice and snow covered 4500 years ago. Does that mean the climate was warmer then or was something else causing it?
#GeologyHub - Earthquakes in water appeared as troughs with no waves - three in a row about 7 feet deep and 10 feet apart, how is that possible? location the northern end of the adriatic sea, time last year september, the shape was u-shaped, max 3 ft wide
Liked just for the pronunciations.
3:00 'm Grimsvotn and you're watching Disney Channel
It does look like Micky mouse 😂😂
While I like the coverage of our volcanoes, you can´t just take a random placename (Kálfafell) that you see when you zoom in on googlemaps and make it into a city haha.
The closest town is Kirkjubæjarklaustur ("Church´farm´cloister" ) with 500 inhabitants.
P.s. pronounce the "j" in Vatnajökull like a "y" : " Vatna-yoekutl"
Today the Grimsvötn volcano seems to have reached a new level of activity. The BIGGEST earthquake ever recorded just hit the system (M4.5) at 100 meter depth. All evidence is pointing toward a jökulhlaup having started.
Can we get an hour long video about all the volcanoes in Iceland and when they are due to erupt.
This may be a odd question. If so please forgive. My question is; why does Iceland exist? The Island, as you pointed out, sits on the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Most all of the ridge Is in very deep water, but come to that Island and it's above the sea. Is it a very large hot spot just a lot bigger than most if Mid-Atlantic ridge? While I visited the island nation, I visited a local rock shop and found lots of fossils. The shop owner explained the are lots of fossils on the island. So the land must also have up lift too. So the Island is more than a volcanic Island. Thanks.
The island of Iceland does sit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and it also sits on a hot spot. At 2:05 the narrator points out that the island's hotspot is located just north of the Grunsvotn volcano.
Hawaii has been formed in a similar way as the big island with the active volcanos is over another hot spot. If you look at a seafloor map you can see how tectonics has moved the crust over the hot spot.
As others mentioned Iceland's unique characteristics is that the hot spot lies along the Mid Atlantic Ridge the heat from the buoyant hot spot plume naturally uplifts the crust elevating it above the rest of the Mid Atlantic Ridge.
That said from a deeper context of Plate tectonics there is a deeper connection between the younger northern extension of the Mid Atlantic Ridge which Iceland underlies. This is because prior to 56 million years ago the North Atlantic as we know it didn't exist yet. Instead North America to the north was only separated by a relatively narrow but deep straight from the combined landmass of Greenland + Eurasia which represents a failed rift into Laurasia during the earlier flood basalt event, the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province responsible for ripping apart Pangaea.
However around 56 Ma we saw a new enormous flood basalt eruption known as the North Atlantic Large Igneous Province(NALIP) which appears to correspond to the potential plume head linked to the Icelandic hotspot. These eruptions initiated on what was once a continental boundary between Greenland and Ireland + Britain, as well as the continental shelf of the westernmost of the large craton/paleocontinents that form the core of Eurasia, and the continental shelf of Baltica. (i.e. Norway or more generally its the Scandinavian craton/paleocontinent that is the westernmost of the large Precambrian craton/paleocontinents that form the core of Eurasia.)
It is my understanding that much like the straight between Greenland and Canada is a failed branch of the CAMP the boundary between two islands today are split by a separate failed rift fissure, is/was responsible for rifting Greenland away from Ireland + Britain and likely the edge of Baltica.
Regardless the net result was the opening of the northern extension of the Mid Atlantic Ridge into Eurasia coinciding with the onset of the vast flood basalt eruption 56 Ma.
Interestingly the NALIP doesn't appear to have been the only vast flood basalt eruption around this time.
A similar vast Flood Basalt also formed along the East Pacific Rise 56 Ma too though this has since been subducted underneath North America with the remains of the former oceanic plateau volcanic archipelago complex having been accreted onto Washington and Oregon and the Yakutat Block terrane which is currently undergoing accretion onto North America up in Alaska driving the prolific and explosive volcanism in the region. The Pacific hotspot counterpart to the Iceland Hotspot is currently underneath North America having left a track of explosive caldera forming eruptions as well as a mini flood basalt eruption that has since been linked to the underlying hotspot melting through the subducting Farallon slab releasing the accumulated ~30 million years of hot buoyant material which accumulated beneath it. The Track is found from Oregon and and California up into its current location in Wyoming/Montana but its notably been warped by the ongoing clockwise rotation of western North America which notably began around the time North America subducted the end of the Farallon plate(i.e. the East Pacific Rise).
I don't think there is any consensus on what exactly triggered the simultaneous emergence of two large Igneous provinces around this time however there does appear to have been a much larger tectonic reshuffling of plate motions and boundaries around this timeframe as well as a 31 Kilometer impact structure beneath the Hiawatha Glacier on Greenland dated to 58 Ma which is close enough it time that it could possibly be correlated indirectly.
To my Knowledge I'm not aware of any other LIPs which appear to have formed simultaneously like this but it seems unlikely to be a coincidence that two hotspots straddling Mid ocean ridges/zones of upwelling next to the termination of the subducted Farallon slab formed around this time. Note for context that the end of the Farallon slab below North America according to Seismic tomography corresponds to a site of major hot upwelling which appears to connect the East pacific Rise to the South to the eastern edge of the Colorado Plateau to Yellowstone and via a comparatively identical sized offset in the Farallon slab to the West the modern Juan de Fuca ridge. Based on the Seismic tomography this upwelling appears to be responsible for the creation of the Colorado Plateau and the older Cratonic portions of the Basin and Range Province via burning away and extending the continental crust from below in a series of older and older chunks which appears to correspond to intervals of extensive uplift out west responsible for driving extensive erosion.
Frankly whatever event drove the geologically near simultaneous formation of the Yellowstone and Icelandic hot spots and their large Igneous provinces isn't the only interval of such a punctual tectonic boundary rearrangement but it is one of the most extreme and as mentioned before the only one I know of.
Is all of the volcanic systems around the Hotspot fluorine rich, or is this a peculiarity of this particular volcano itself? I have been very curious about the high fluorine content of the eruption and its deleterious effects.
Every volcano has its own unique chemistry profile, but flourine-rich ash is common from Icelandic volcanoes in general, and Grimsvotn and Hekla in particular.
Any chance of taking a look at Katla in Iceland?
Isn't Laki anothet name for it, cause it's laki fissure was what cause the 1783 eruption incident?
3:05 Mickey Mouse!
I can hope.
Will the thinning of Iceland's ice cap prematurely release pressure that builds under the ice cap's volcanoes?
Well, based on what the video says, its the stretching of the earths crust that opens up paths of least resistance for the lava, so I'd guess the depth of the ice cap makes no difference.
@@DavidOfWhitehills I think that's what he was asking about. If the ice cap suddenly (in geological terms) melts away, the crust below could experience a great amount of uplift in absence of the tremendous weight of ice, thereby stretching the crust.
0:49
How much time do you spend practicing how to pronounce those names? And is there any interesting geology around that place in Wales that has 1 of the world's longest names?
No geology there. Only Cambrian mountains, valleys, lakes ,ice age stuff and shops selling tea towels saying Llanfairpwll.... gogogoch.
@@philhawley1219 dont forget the sheep!!
THAT’S Geology already !
CAN YOU DO ONE WITH MT MALINDANG PLZZZZZZZZ
Next 24 months? You say it so dispassionately. What?
How nice his pronunciation is, now he was in Iceland 😉
nahhh.. you don´t pronounce "j" in icelandic like in english , it´s a Y : "Vatna-yoekutl"
The overlapping calderas reminded me of Mickey Mouse
Mickey Mouse Caldera
Whats the oldest human recorded eruption? By this i mean an eruption documented by humans.
Vesuvius
Mickey Mouse 3:05
I feel like Iceland has everything you’d want in a country! Thank goodness they tricked us with the name originally to keep from overpopulation 🤣🙌
Love it how you butcher the icelandic😂🤣 A for effort😀
The Caldera looks like Mickey Mouse 😅🐭
Sorry but such an eruption I don't want to happend, she could occour a new little ice age.
Eyjafjallajökull; sure, that's easy for YOU to say.
Ok, here we go the nearest pronunciation of Eiyafjallajöll is Ei yaf yatla yökl. :) Poor Americanians.
Niburu is coming closer, causing increased volcanic activity
God get some new material.
This conspiracy is at least 10 years out of date, and among the easiest of them all to actively disprove.
Kkkkkkk
@@leonardoaraujo8364 Earthquake and tidal waves by labor day
These are normal levels of activity.
also it's nibiru. at least get the name right if you're going to spread nonsense