Prof Steve has the rare ability to explain complex ideas in easily-understood words. His enthusiasm is also very catching! One of my all-time favourite scientists. (And his book is brilliant!)
Its scary that in all that we've uncovered and discovered, its only a tiny fraction of all the life that lived in that era, thousands of creatures that didn't fossilize will forever remain unknown to us.
Is that scary? I find it exciting. I guess it's sad to think of the things we'll never find but it's awesome to know that there's still a lot out there that we might one day find.
Why is that scary? Its dissapointing that there is no "giant book of life", but i dont see why the fact that life has existed for over 3 billion yrs and we know almost none if it should be scary. What is to come tomorrow worries me more than what happened eons ago, no matter how curious I might be.
Crocs can already move pretty fast and are terrifying😂 Gators, I'd totally jump on one or feed one. A croc? I'm keeping my distance, I want a goooooood head start
I'm a history teacher and a month ago one of my 8th grade students was completely heartbroken to learn that we won't be studying dinosaurs in our classes. Now I can send them this lol
May I ask why dinos aren't a part of the curriculum? I remember learning about dinos and it was so fun. How sad that it isn't in the curriculum. But I'm sure your student will/did appreciate you thinking of them with this video, you sound like a wonderful teacher!! 😊
@@fortheloveofdavis9577 I think most of it is war stuff which I didn't mind at all, and of course here in Canada lots of indigenous stuff is included in history class.
The relevant stuff that we consider history today, started earliest with the neolithic revolution, but actually more with the ancient greek and Romans or maybe with the earliest high cultures like the ancient Egyptians. History is more written down stuff than only stuff from archeological findings. So everything that had been before the first high culture like the Egyptians etc. without complex methods to perpetuate historical events with some kind of written down proofs of it as sources which document relevant historical occurrences is not really relevant for history. History is about certain events and how those had changed the time afterwards and the future. It is way more complex than just digging up an extinct creature and trying to find out how it looked, what it ate, how it lived and most importantly how it became extinct. Paleontology Is the study of ancient extinct creatures including dinosaurs and I would say it's more biology than history. The study of human evolution as well as other human-like beings is done by anthropologists, a kind of specialised paleontologist. People who are into the science of digging dead stuff up are archeologists and of course somehow the borders for sure ain't static, but historians aren't as much interested in stuff you only can dig up and speculate about all the events around that time, because you don't have written down sources. E. g. no historian will say for sure that Jesus Christ existed like depict in the bible at that exact time, because there aren't any proper sources besides the bible which confirm everything and that's pretty weird because the Romans as well as the Greeks and Jewish intellectuals were really into writing stuff down, mostly important stuff sometimes even pretty trivial stuff (that's why we consider the greek and Romans as the origin of our modern civilization. Before them there weren't people who had only one job, thinking about things and writing things down. The greek and Roman are O. G.) Maybe all documents about jesus are lost, but normally almost always somebody wrote about somebody who wrote down something. And that isn't the case with Jesus or sources about Jesus. But that just mentioned.
As some people who was fascinated by dinosaurs in childhood but did not follow up since then (which means since the 1970s) I'm totally intrigued... feathers!?! Gorgeous! Thank you!
Steve Brusatte, when the camera is off: "Yes...yes...This is a fertile land, and we will thrive. We will rule over all this land, and we will call it...This Land."
The question was missing a piece. It meant “like in Jurassic Park/World” because in those movies it’s 2-3 raptors fighting a Rex. With that context, you just need to replace “Velociraptor” with Deinonychus since that was the actual animal the JP raptors were based on(even though the films made them almost twice the size of an average individual). Or to be more accurate, use a larger North American dromeosaur like Dakotaraptor, that coexisted with Rex, and which was bigger than Deinonychus and closer to JP raptor proportions. 3 Dakotaraptors would be formidable against a weakened Rex. They still wouldn’t be able to kill it outright, but just like wolves they can just start eating the Rex from the flanks once it is tired out. After enough damage, the Rex would die from the injuries and blood loss.
What a wonderful presentation on paleontology with such heartwarming narration. Steve, your vitality and enthusiasm for your specialty field of study shines through with many smiles and much warmth. Thank you!
I can remember watching a program where paleontologists were involved in performing an autopsy on a dead cassowary because they said it was so close to a dinosaur and they could learn a lot from it.
That astroid is now 66 million years ago already? I still remember when I was a kid I was told an astroid killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, time really flies faster than I realised these days……
@@wbbartlett Permian Triassic extinction had multiple causes though, it wasn't just an impact event that set things off. So he's not wrong, in terms of the fallout of one single event, the KPG extinction wins.
16:00 There are videos out there of an enraged elephant throwing around a grown rhinoceros like it was a rag-doll. Taking into account the relatively small difference in size between those two and the fact that a rhino on its own is probably insanely strong and heavy (just not as strong or heavy as an elephant), I'd say that even if a small group of Raptors attacked a T-Rex, that "fight" would end very quickly and violently and with all the Raptors very dead. Even those super-sized Raptors from the Jurassic Park movies wouldn't stand much of a chance and, IIRC, most RL-Velociraptors were a lot smaller than those guys.
@@johnslaughter5475the Camarasaurus head being put on Brontosaurus/Apatosaurus mounts had nothing to with the naming confusion between the two. That’s an an issue that arose decades afterwards.
6 miles for an asteroid seems huge, but when you compare it to the earth, like a side-by-side, it wouldn't even be visible. Wild that it was traveling so fast it cause that much destruction.
Either a child, or a someone raised in a fundamentalist household. Ironically, fringe Christians are divided on the subject of dinosaurs. Something think dinosaurs existed alongside humans, but were wiped out in the Great Flood (Noah didn't save them). Others think dinosaurs never existed at all, and that all the fossil evidence are either fakes by humans or deliberate deception by Satan.
To add to that, all dinosaurs had a common Archosaur ancestor in the Triassic. Which one it was in particular is unknown but it split from other archosaurs that lead to other groups like pterosaurs and all crcodylomorphs. Marine reptiles on the other hand, are varied groups with ancestors that adapted to water at very different times. They don’t form a single related family. Their similarities are due to convergent evolution, no different from how some look like modern dolphins despite not sharing any genetic relation. The earliest forms would have had some relationship to archosaurs but later ones, especially the youngest one to go extinct- Mosasaurs evolved long after dinosaurs had already been dominating the land, and shared no relation to other contemporary marine reptiles. As far as we know, after dinosaurs established themselves, not a single one branched off into a fully aquatic lineage that survived until the KPG extinction. So essentially you’d only find dinosaur fossils in areas that weren’t fully submerged by ocean at the time.
@@ADTillion i think the most fascinating aout mosasaurs is that they are honest to god Squamates, actual lizards that ecame fully marine giants. not only are they squamates ut grouping close to the snake and monitor lizard side of the lizard tree. i.e monitors are closer to mosasaurs than they are to many living lizards. the other famous large mesozoic marine reptiles are some flavour of non-archosaur reptile group not represented today, so its a fun thought that the mosasaurs are definite lizards. edit: forgot there was fully marine crocodyliforms too, so its not the only extant group that had fully marine memers in the mesozoic. we had marine turtles ack then too, though are sill dependent on land for egg-laying, most of the other ones had live irth, as do the much more recently derived marine snakes today..
the study of dinos is a field that is still undergoing much research and discovery, and there is much that we still don't know about these amazing creatures! who want to learn more abt dinos here 🖐
2 questions I have never heard answered. 1: Amphibians are ecologically sensitive. How did they survive the asteroid strick if it was a deadly as stated by out current understanding? 2: Given that the Asteroid strike is the cause of death for the dinosaurs. How come there are no dinosauids in the KT boundary?
Correction, modern amphibians are ecologically sensitive, I am by no means an expert on amphibians, but they certainly have traits that would be good in such an event as the kt extinction. Being small is a good example of such a trait, and living in and around water is another. But either way, a huge amount of amphibians did go extinct. Besides, it's mostly about luck, if a group of animals is diverse enough at the time of the impact, the chances of at least some of the animals in that group surviving becomes greater. Dinosaurs are a great example, most died, but parts of the avian line made it. As for dinosaurs in and around the kt boundary, fossilization is rare, but I do think I heard about a discovery where they basically found dinosaurs that died because of the tsunamis following the impact. So literally dinosaurs from the same day as the extinction event. Not sure if this has been confirmed though. Either way it is very clear that before the kt line there are dinosaurs, and after the kt line they are all gone except for birds. So I highly doubt that is a coincidence.
1. Amphibians could easily hide thanks to small size and were also able to remain in brumation for long time. 2. This question makes no sense. KT boundary in basically line in ground formations. No dinosuars except Aves were find above this line, meaning all non avian dinosuars went extinct in time when KT boundary formed.
In Australia some frogs burrow into mud and soil and go " dormant" ( can't remember the term) for years. They re- emerge when conditions are more suitable for them.
Really entertaining. You have a nice nature, and a way of conveying your love of science that would be great for your students. Thank you. We don't have evidence about, and of, them not laying eggs or for them giving live birth, but there are genus of modern animals that contain both kinds of birth. The ray and shark families have both kinds.
15:15 The guy was probably thinking of the velociraptors from the Jurassic Park movies. It’s still silly, but it might have been more fun to factor that in and give an opinion on a bigger species, like Utahraptor.
@@ADTillion Dakotaraptor was actually significantly bigger than JP raptors, but yeah. Even they were puny compared to T. rex, a Velociraptor was like a mouse compared to it.
closest analogue i can think of is like 3 wolves against a full-grown african elephant, with the JP-sized raptors. would still putt my money on the elephant
I just read your book, good stuff! But there's an important question you didn't address, why in your photo in the back of the book, do you look like Hide the Pain Harold?
Mine hunted mice by waiting outside a mouse hole and swallowed them whole. I used to sit on a milk crate and watch my chooks for hours. Mine also hunted and killed doves that got into the chook pen.
I wonder how sudden the extinction event was. Like i understand on a specific day a meteor struck the earth but did all the dinosaurs die off overnight? or was it a more gradual extinction event (1,5,10 years)? and if so, how long did some hold on after the meteor struck?
It could take hundred years, it could take milennia. We don't know. What we know there is that crater has 66 million years and no confirmed non-avian dinosaur lived after this time. So extinction took less than 1 million years.
The ones closer to the impact propably died pretty soon, and the same goes for the ones hit by tsunamis or severe earthquakes that followed. But the big extinction event most likely took a few hundreds (or thousands) years to wipe out most of life.
I've seen estimates anywhere between a couple of hours and thousands of years (either way the blink of an eye in the fossil record). The truth is we just don't know and might never know.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 yeah and some major clades survived for several million years though emerged very depauperate and just didnt recover as well as the competition and eventually went extinct anyway, like a dead man walking clade on a evoluionary scale. first that comes to mind is the Multituerculates, the mammal clade that esides the monotremes, marsupials and placentals were the only mammals to make it through the K-Pg extinction. Once the most diverse mammal group during the mesozoic, only a sliver of them (some of the allotherians) made it through but managed to linger until the last ones died out in the Miocene about 17 million years ago. they were more derived than the still extant monotremes (closer to us placentals and marsupials than the monotremes). and then there is a unch of extant clades with us today that used to e very diverse and widespread efore the event ut limitted to a few species or just much less dominant as the extinction creates new winners. Like the Tuatara of the Rhyncocephalians, or the ginkgo, or the cycads. though these were already on the decline throughout the cretaceous efore the asteroid ever hit, unlike the non-avian dinosaurs or among the mammals the multituberculates. or the toothed birds
Of course a large sauropod, that is solid muscle and bone, is going to weigh more than a hollow jet airplane that is specifically engineered to be light.
Nice vid. Although, using nukes as a scale or measurement always seems kinda weird. Are we talking little boy or the tzar bomb. That is different of 15kt of TNT vs 50000kt of TNT.
The real Velociraptors were way smaller than the ones from Jurassic Park. In fact, the ones we see in the movie were based on the Utahraptor, or the Deinonychus. I think they used bigger dinos but chose the name of the smaller cousin just cause it is so much cooler to say Velociraptor.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 my mind is blown.. I knew about feathered dinosaurs and general name changes but I didn’t know about this Jurassic Park fact! 🤯
Not a platypus bill, it had a narrow snout full of sharp teeth. I don't know where did you get the platybus bill idea? Perhaps you're mistaking it with a hadrosaur skull? But yeah, it basically looked like a toothed, long-tailed ground eagle with a giant sickle claw.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 The JP raptors weren't based on Utahraptor, which was named and described only after the movie already came out, and actually much bigger. They were based on an upscaled Deinonychus, but named Velociraptor because the book Crichton used as reference lumped both into one genus (which most paleontologists didn't agree with). And he probably thought it's a more dramatic name anyway.
@@ImVeryOriginal well, the name velociraptor is indeed waaay cooler, don’t you agree? And yeah, the timeline for Utahraptor doesn’t match that much. But I did say Deinonychus too. Some people even claim a Dakotaraptor referencr too.
I mean, do all mammals have a single ancestor? The answer is yes, but it would not have been a mammal yet. So I'm pretty sure the same stands for today's birds.
@@ImVeryOriginal I’m not sure on that, cause the common ancestor wouldn’t have developed milk yet, I think, so it wouldn’t yet be called a mammal. The first actual mammal would’ve been simmilar to a platypus, cause this group is the most ancient living mammal group.
Yes, all birds have a common ancestor (that is how a family of organisms is defined in the first place). However, it wasn't only one group of birds that survived the asteroid impact. We know that some bird lineages split out long before that, like waterfowl (ancestors of ducks, geese, etc.) and ratites (ancestors of ostriches and emus), so there was already diversity among the avian dinosaurs that survived the extinction.
What about fungus? Do we have any evidence of animals surviving underground alongside mycelium or is it just impossible to find well preserved evidence of ancient fungus?
Becuase frilled neck lizards are lizards, and dinosaurs are not lizards - they're archosaurs. The lineages of reptiles that gave rise to lizards and archosaurs separated from their diapsid common ancestor more than 250 million years ago. Also birds aren't just related to dinosaurs, but are in fact living dinosaurs, since birds evolved directly from feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic Period (e.g. _Archaeopteryx)._ Hope this helps.
Prof Steve has the rare ability to explain complex ideas in easily-understood words. His enthusiasm is also very catching! One of my all-time favourite scientists. (And his book is brilliant!)
Yeah, he talks to his audience instead of talking down to his audience. This was pretty cool.
He has two amazing books, "The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs" & "The Rise and Reign of the Mammals"
However it's not history, it's prehistory
Loved his book!
@DJ-dw3gl what's the name of his book? I'd love to read it 😆
Its scary that in all that we've uncovered and discovered, its only a tiny fraction of all the life that lived in that era, thousands of creatures that didn't fossilize will forever remain unknown to us.
That's actually absolutely wild to ponder
Is that scary? I find it exciting. I guess it's sad to think of the things we'll never find but it's awesome to know that there's still a lot out there that we might one day find.
Why is it scary?
Why is that scary? Its dissapointing that there is no "giant book of life", but i dont see why the fact that life has existed for over 3 billion yrs and we know almost none if it should be scary. What is to come tomorrow worries me more than what happened eons ago, no matter how curious I might be.
he looks like a really cool teacher has not lost his enthusiasm for his subject
I spend way too many hours on RUclips and this is still up there as an amazing piece of educational entertainment.
I love whether I'm 7 or 37, I'm still fascinated by these creatures. Always a child at heart.
Never too old to love dinosaurs! 😁
A crocodile with hooves that can run fast is bloody terrifying!!!
Crocs can already move pretty fast and are terrifying😂
Gators, I'd totally jump on one or feed one.
A croc? I'm keeping my distance, I want a goooooood head start
Yes but some had no teeth also. Maybe the hooved ones were herbivores 🎉
@@XDef1antlol crocs can not move fast on the land. Watch a video.
Sounds like an Egyptian Mythical beast.
@@justinsmith4562Go watch a video of Cuban crocodiles. They moved pretty fast on land.
I'm a history teacher and a month ago one of my 8th grade students was completely heartbroken to learn that we won't be studying dinosaurs in our classes. Now I can send them this lol
Dinosaurs should totally be included in the history curriculum. 🦖🦕
May I ask why dinos aren't a part of the curriculum? I remember learning about dinos and it was so fun. How sad that it isn't in the curriculum. But I'm sure your student will/did appreciate you thinking of them with this video, you sound like a wonderful teacher!! 😊
@@fortheloveofdavis9577feels like more of a science topic than a history lesson
@@fortheloveofdavis9577 I think most of it is war stuff which I didn't mind at all, and of course here in Canada lots of indigenous stuff is included in history class.
The relevant stuff that we consider history today, started earliest with the neolithic revolution, but actually more with the ancient greek and Romans or maybe with the earliest high cultures like the ancient Egyptians. History is more written down stuff than only stuff from archeological findings. So everything that had been before the first high culture like the Egyptians etc. without complex methods to perpetuate historical events with some kind of written down proofs of it as sources which document relevant historical occurrences is not really relevant for history. History is about certain events and how those had changed the time afterwards and the future. It is way more complex than just digging up an extinct creature and trying to find out how it looked, what it ate, how it lived and most importantly how it became extinct. Paleontology Is the study of ancient extinct creatures including dinosaurs and I would say it's more biology than history. The study of human evolution as well as other human-like beings is done by anthropologists, a kind of specialised paleontologist. People who are into the science of digging dead stuff up are archeologists and of course somehow the borders for sure ain't static, but historians aren't as much interested in stuff you only can dig up and speculate about all the events around that time, because you don't have written down sources. E. g. no historian will say for sure that Jesus Christ existed like depict in the bible at that exact time, because there aren't any proper sources besides the bible which confirm everything and that's pretty weird because the Romans as well as the Greeks and Jewish intellectuals were really into writing stuff down, mostly important stuff sometimes even pretty trivial stuff (that's why we consider the greek and Romans as the origin of our modern civilization. Before them there weren't people who had only one job, thinking about things and writing things down. The greek and Roman are O. G.) Maybe all documents about jesus are lost, but normally almost always somebody wrote about somebody who wrote down something. And that isn't the case with Jesus or sources about Jesus. But that just mentioned.
fuck that volcano that killed the little sleeping dinosaur. he slept just like a cat... so cute
If it hadn't happened, neither we nor the cats we know today would exist.
The dinosaurs slowly accumulating on the table is excellent - just a 10/10 video 🎉🎉
I honestly wish these were longer like a 1 hour episode
He's got a few hour long lectures on youtube. They're excellent.
For the last 10 years I've lived in the desert Southwest Tucson area and every time I see a roadrunner I think of a dinosaur...
Technically speaking, they are.
I think of a coyote
Having lived in Phoenix for 30 years I've only ever seen 3 or 4 in the wild, but that makes sense. 😂 Roadrunners are bigger than most people realize.
Aaaaaaand now I can't help but picture a T Rex going "Meep meep."
Thanks to your comment I found out roadrunners are a real animal and not just a cartoon character. They look so cute!
This is legitamately my favourite video ive ever watched
The most incredible thing I know about T Rex is that it was just one species from a very large family of Tyrannosaurs.
Yup. About 30ish of them
As some people who was fascinated by dinosaurs in childhood but did not follow up since then (which means since the 1970s) I'm totally intrigued... feathers!?! Gorgeous! Thank you!
Steve Brusatte, when the camera is off: "Yes...yes...This is a fertile land, and we will thrive. We will rule over all this land, and we will call it...This Land."
Arrhgg curse your sudden but inevitable betrayal
Didn’t expect a firefly reference….
I was talking about Firefly today, funny that I came across something about it.
RIP leaf on the wind.
Thank I for this!!
History Hit please bring back Mr Steve I have to say that was a lot of fun to watch and it was very informative video
There's no way way three velociraptors could take out a T Rex.
And neither could 3 children take out Mike Tyson xD
So I think he answered the question, whether he intended to or not
The question was missing a piece. It meant “like in Jurassic Park/World” because in those movies it’s 2-3 raptors fighting a Rex. With that context, you just need to replace “Velociraptor” with Deinonychus since that was the actual animal the JP raptors were based on(even though the films made them almost twice the size of an average individual). Or to be more accurate, use a larger North American dromeosaur like Dakotaraptor, that coexisted with Rex, and which was bigger than Deinonychus and closer to JP raptor proportions.
3 Dakotaraptors would be formidable against a weakened Rex. They still wouldn’t be able to kill it outright, but just like wolves they can just start eating the Rex from the flanks once it is tired out. After enough damage, the Rex would die from the injuries and blood loss.
What a wonderful presentation on paleontology with such heartwarming narration. Steve, your vitality and enthusiasm for your specialty field of study shines through with many smiles and much warmth. Thank you!
I can remember watching a program where paleontologists were involved in performing an autopsy on a dead cassowary because they said it was so close to a dinosaur and they could learn a lot from it.
Thanks Steve, nice to see the face and voice behind your work . "The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs" is a fantastic thing. 👍
We should mention that most of the birds of the time died out as well at the K/T boundary - for instance all toothed birds died out.
Thank god
one of my favorite videos by History Hit! Professor Brusatte is so obviously passionate about his subject and it was so fun to watch!
That astroid is now 66 million years ago already? I still remember when I was a kid I was told an astroid killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, time really flies faster than I realised these days……
Science becomes more and more exact over time.
Rounding up, rounding down...
Got your book, didn't get around to reading yet, but fan of all things dinosaur, keep up the good work! And well done HH for having him.
I’d love to tour a massive museum with him.
i could listen to this dude about dinos forever! nice video!
I love the dinosaurs slowly taking over his desk throughout the video!
Wow! I absolutely loved that book! Easy recommendation for anybody even remotely interested by dinosaurs! 🦕🦖
This was a true joy to watch! I admire those who show genuine love and dedication to their work ❤
This man is amazing! I could listen to him for hours 🤩🤩 definitely want to watch him more!!
Yesss bring this presenter back he was great
4:46 'the worst single disaster to ever befall the earth'
The Great Dying: am I a joke to you?
Heh, yep that's a pretty egregious error. There are several earlier extinction events that were even more severe than the K-Pg
@@wbbartlett the impact might be the single worst day in history at least though.
@@wbbartlett Permian Triassic extinction had multiple causes though, it wasn't just an impact event that set things off. So he's not wrong, in terms of the fallout of one single event, the KPG extinction wins.
@@seanmckelvey6618 Yeah, he clearly meant a singular disastrous event. The Great Dying and the other extinctions were more gradual, as far as we know.
Sir Richard Owen comes from my home town, Lancaster in the Uk, their is a pub named after him. A fascinating video thanks.
As an upcoming Paleoartist i knew almost every question.keep up with paleontology content ❤
So far my favorite episode in his series. Thank you so much…
27:44 "nothing in evolution is inevitable"
Crabs: I'm going to pretend i didnt hear that
I was continuously distracted by the increasing number of dinosaur figurines in front of him as he answered more questions.
What a fantastic clip!
Great job, super informative and entertaining
Just a point, that view of Earth and the asteroid at 10.06, that is NOT where the asteroid hit. That is Egypt. The asteroid hit in what is now Mexico.
The graphics were so bad at times. The asteroid also wasn't nearly as big as the illustration at 19:15 implies.
This guy is awesome I need to hear more dinosaur facts from him
Excellent speaker, very engaging! Really enjoyed this video. Thank you.
Nicest paleontologist on RUclips! I enjoyed so much this video! 😃
No need to dither on the T-Rex vs 3 velociraptors question. It's like asking if 3 jackals could take down a polar bear... Of course not
16:00 There are videos out there of an enraged elephant throwing around a grown rhinoceros like it was a rag-doll. Taking into account the relatively small difference in size between those two and the fact that a rhino on its own is probably insanely strong and heavy (just not as strong or heavy as an elephant), I'd say that even if a small group of Raptors attacked a T-Rex, that "fight" would end very quickly and violently and with all the Raptors very dead. Even those super-sized Raptors from the Jurassic Park movies wouldn't stand much of a chance and, IIRC, most RL-Velociraptors were a lot smaller than those guys.
“Nothing in evolution is really inevitable”
*crabs look over nervously*
Argentina is a treasure for dinosaurs
That Mike Tyson part got me 😂
Please explain shrinkage in regards to recreating what they look like
When discussing skeletons not put together correctly, apatosaurus and brontosaurus come to mind.
There are tons of incorrect mounts in the past. The question was about the present.
@@skepticalbadger I understood it to be all inclusive. In the case of the two I mentioned, it caused a misnaming of one.
@@johnslaughter5475the Camarasaurus head being put on Brontosaurus/Apatosaurus mounts had nothing to with the naming confusion between the two. That’s an an issue that arose decades afterwards.
Oh wow! I’m a super fan of Steve Brusatte 😊
this triggered my childhood thoughts about dinosaurs. i love it.
Loving Steve’s Rise and Reign of Mammals for anyone looking for a decent read…
Absolutely fascinating. Brilliant presenter. More from him please.
6 miles for an asteroid seems huge, but when you compare it to the earth, like a side-by-side, it wouldn't even be visible. Wild that it was traveling so fast it cause that much destruction.
“Did humans live with dinosaurs” ffs who needed to ask that?!
Either a child, or a someone raised in a fundamentalist household.
Ironically, fringe Christians are divided on the subject of dinosaurs. Something think dinosaurs existed alongside humans, but were wiped out in the Great Flood (Noah didn't save them). Others think dinosaurs never existed at all, and that all the fossil evidence are either fakes by humans or deliberate deception by Satan.
I know, it's like they haven't seen jurassic park!
I'm willing to bet someone beginning to question their young earth creationist upbringing.
(Alternatively, someone fact checking The Flintstones)
Kids probably. Google isn't just for adults
We did, and still do. I saw some little brown dinosaurs fluttering around catching bugs just this morning.
Brilliant episode. Very entertaining and informative presenter. Thank you.
crocodiles being as old as dinosaurs always blows my mind
For clarification, what is the difference between dinosaurs and large marine reptiles? What makes a dinosaur a dinosaur?
Dinosuars evolved from different ancestors than marine reptiles (plesiosuars, mosasurs, ichtiosaurs). Anatomy of dinosuars is different.
To add to that, all dinosaurs had a common Archosaur ancestor in the Triassic. Which one it was in particular is unknown but it split from other archosaurs that lead to other groups like pterosaurs and all crcodylomorphs.
Marine reptiles on the other hand, are varied groups with ancestors that adapted to water at very different times. They don’t form a single related family. Their similarities are due to convergent evolution, no different from how some look like modern dolphins despite not sharing any genetic relation. The earliest forms would have had some relationship to archosaurs but later ones, especially the youngest one to go extinct- Mosasaurs evolved long after dinosaurs had already been dominating the land, and shared no relation to other contemporary marine reptiles. As far as we know, after dinosaurs established themselves, not a single one branched off into a fully aquatic lineage that survived until the KPG extinction. So essentially you’d only find dinosaur fossils in areas that weren’t fully submerged by ocean at the time.
@@ADTillion i think the most fascinating aout mosasaurs is that they are honest to god Squamates, actual lizards that ecame fully marine giants. not only are they squamates ut grouping close to the snake and monitor lizard side of the lizard tree. i.e monitors are closer to mosasaurs than they are to many living lizards. the other famous large mesozoic marine reptiles are some flavour of non-archosaur reptile group not represented today, so its a fun thought that the mosasaurs are definite lizards. edit: forgot there was fully marine crocodyliforms too, so its not the only extant group that had fully marine memers in the mesozoic. we had marine turtles ack then too, though are sill dependent on land for egg-laying, most of the other ones had live irth, as do the much more recently derived marine snakes today..
Well features wise, all dinosaurs have feet under their body. Not on the sides so they don't crawl like crocs do. That's what separates them.
the study of dinos is a field that is still undergoing much research and discovery, and there is much that we still don't know about these amazing creatures! who want to learn more abt dinos here 🖐
2 questions I have never heard answered.
1: Amphibians are ecologically sensitive. How did they survive the asteroid strick if it was a deadly as stated by out current understanding?
2: Given that the Asteroid strike is the cause of death for the dinosaurs. How come there are no dinosauids in the KT boundary?
Correction, modern amphibians are ecologically sensitive, I am by no means an expert on amphibians, but they certainly have traits that would be good in such an event as the kt extinction. Being small is a good example of such a trait, and living in and around water is another. But either way, a huge amount of amphibians did go extinct. Besides, it's mostly about luck, if a group of animals is diverse enough at the time of the impact, the chances of at least some of the animals in that group surviving becomes greater. Dinosaurs are a great example, most died, but parts of the avian line made it.
As for dinosaurs in and around the kt boundary, fossilization is rare, but I do think I heard about a discovery where they basically found dinosaurs that died because of the tsunamis following the impact. So literally dinosaurs from the same day as the extinction event. Not sure if this has been confirmed though. Either way it is very clear that before the kt line there are dinosaurs, and after the kt line they are all gone except for birds. So I highly doubt that is a coincidence.
Probably not really easy to permineralize the bones during a global catastrophe.
1. Amphibians could easily hide thanks to small size and were also able to remain in brumation for long time.
2. This question makes no sense. KT boundary in basically line in ground formations. No dinosuars except Aves were find above this line, meaning all non avian dinosuars went extinct in time when KT boundary formed.
In Australia some frogs burrow into mud and soil and go " dormant" ( can't remember the term) for years.
They re- emerge when conditions are more suitable for them.
Well presented and interesting- thanks
Hope you will inv this man again. He was very funny.
My last name is Rex, so obviously T-Rex is my favorite as well; great choice 👍 😊 ❤
Well done, sir.
Really entertaining. You have a nice nature, and a way of conveying your love of science that would be great for your students. Thank you.
We don't have evidence about, and of, them not laying eggs or for them giving live birth, but there are genus of modern animals that contain both kinds of birth. The ray and shark families have both kinds.
Aww, I wanted to hear about the Thagomizer
15:15 The guy was probably thinking of the velociraptors from the Jurassic Park movies. It’s still silly, but it might have been more fun to factor that in and give an opinion on a bigger species, like Utahraptor.
A more appropriate contemporary species to Rex would be Dakotaraptor, which is as big as a JP raptor.
@@ADTillion The turtle?
@@marcustulliuscicero5443 Excuse me? You replying to a different comment thread, friend?😅
@@ADTillion Dakotaraptor was actually significantly bigger than JP raptors, but yeah. Even they were puny compared to T. rex, a Velociraptor was like a mouse compared to it.
closest analogue i can think of is like 3 wolves against a full-grown african elephant, with the JP-sized raptors. would still putt my money on the elephant
Very engaging and fun to watch
Nico Robin supporting all kinds of archeological discoveries. From the one piece to lost USA dinos
I went to school with him! This is so neat
I just read your book, good stuff! But there's an important question you didn't address, why in your photo in the back of the book, do you look like Hide the Pain Harold?
My favourite dinosaurs are the armoured herbivores with the strong tail to defend itself.
My chickens act like raptors 😅
Mine hunted mice by waiting outside a mouse hole and swallowed them whole.
I used to sit on a milk crate and watch my chooks for hours.
Mine also hunted and killed doves that got into the chook pen.
I wonder how sudden the extinction event was. Like i understand on a specific day a meteor struck the earth but did all the dinosaurs die off overnight? or was it a more gradual extinction event (1,5,10 years)? and if so, how long did some hold on after the meteor struck?
It could take hundred years, it could take milennia. We don't know. What we know there is that crater has 66 million years and no confirmed non-avian dinosaur lived after this time. So extinction took less than 1 million years.
The ones closer to the impact propably died pretty soon, and the same goes for the ones hit by tsunamis or severe earthquakes that followed. But the big extinction event most likely took a few hundreds (or thousands) years to wipe out most of life.
I've seen estimates anywhere between a couple of hours and thousands of years (either way the blink of an eye in the fossil record). The truth is we just don't know and might never know.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 yeah and some major clades survived for several million years though emerged very depauperate and just didnt recover as well as the competition and eventually went extinct anyway, like a dead man walking clade on a evoluionary scale. first that comes to mind is the Multituerculates, the mammal clade that esides the monotremes, marsupials and placentals were the only mammals to make it through the K-Pg extinction. Once the most diverse mammal group during the mesozoic, only a sliver of them (some of the allotherians) made it through but managed to linger until the last ones died out in the Miocene about 17 million years ago. they were more derived than the still extant monotremes (closer to us placentals and marsupials than the monotremes).
and then there is a unch of extant clades with us today that used to e very diverse and widespread efore the event ut limitted to a few species or just much less dominant as the extinction creates new winners. Like the Tuatara of the Rhyncocephalians, or the ginkgo, or the cycads. though these were already on the decline throughout the cretaceous efore the asteroid ever hit, unlike the non-avian dinosaurs or among the mammals the multituberculates. or the toothed birds
Of course a large sauropod, that is solid muscle and bone, is going to weigh more than a hollow jet airplane that is specifically engineered to be light.
Except they think sauropods had hollow bones like birds.
Thanks Prof. Steve and team! I really enjoyed this. 🌟👍
Yes, very interesting and fascinating.
thank you Prof Steve 😀
Hi Steve, I promise I’m still working on publishing the paper even though it’s been 2 years!
Well done. I really enjoyed this!
No way humans would evolve with dinosaurs around. We'd be the one to go extinct 💀
Yeah we’d probably get eaten before we even got the chance to create tools and weapons.
Nice vid. Although, using nukes as a scale or measurement always seems kinda weird. Are we talking little boy or the tzar bomb. That is different of 15kt of TNT vs 50000kt of TNT.
Wait.. a velociraptor looks like a small bird with a platypus bill?
The real Velociraptors were way smaller than the ones from Jurassic Park. In fact, the ones we see in the movie were based on the Utahraptor, or the Deinonychus. I think they used bigger dinos but chose the name of the smaller cousin just cause it is so much cooler to say Velociraptor.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 my mind is blown.. I knew about feathered dinosaurs and general name changes but I didn’t know about this Jurassic Park fact! 🤯
Not a platypus bill, it had a narrow snout full of sharp teeth. I don't know where did you get the platybus bill idea? Perhaps you're mistaking it with a hadrosaur skull? But yeah, it basically looked like a toothed, long-tailed ground eagle with a giant sickle claw.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 The JP raptors weren't based on Utahraptor, which was named and described only after the movie already came out, and actually much bigger. They were based on an upscaled Deinonychus, but named Velociraptor because the book Crichton used as reference lumped both into one genus (which most paleontologists didn't agree with). And he probably thought it's a more dramatic name anyway.
@@ImVeryOriginal well, the name velociraptor is indeed waaay cooler, don’t you agree? And yeah, the timeline for Utahraptor doesn’t match that much. But I did say Deinonychus too. Some people even claim a Dakotaraptor referencr too.
My father kept a pet dinosaur in our backyard! Well, it was made of chickenwire and plaster, but it was fun. 😊
Great video! My Dino’s loved it 😅🦖
Everybody loves dinosaurs!
I love watching paleontologists talk
Dinos are all made up
@@marcausgossett865 prove it
@@marcausgossett865 Palaeontologists disagree
This is my newly favourite channel love the videos
great video. Except, the animation shows the meteor hitting north-west Africa?!?!
this guy is a great explainer :) i hope he gets invited back!
Enjoyed this
Great video!
First time I’ve ever heard an American pronounce Edinburgh correctly
Do all birds have a single bird ancestor?
Now that is a good question. I wonder if anyone has found any clue about it.
I mean, do all mammals have a single ancestor? The answer is yes, but it would not have been a mammal yet. So I'm pretty sure the same stands for today's birds.
@@joaomarcosjunqueira4965 Actually, the last common ancestor of all mammals would have been the first mammal.
@@ImVeryOriginal I’m not sure on that, cause the common ancestor wouldn’t have developed milk yet, I think, so it wouldn’t yet be called a mammal. The first actual mammal would’ve been simmilar to a platypus, cause this group is the most ancient living mammal group.
Yes, all birds have a common ancestor (that is how a family of organisms is defined in the first place). However, it wasn't only one group of birds that survived the asteroid impact. We know that some bird lineages split out long before that, like waterfowl (ancestors of ducks, geese, etc.) and ratites (ancestors of ostriches and emus), so there was already diversity among the avian dinosaurs that survived the extinction.
Fun fact we can learn alot about dinosaurs from what birds and crocodilians have in common
Are there dinos now? My brain goes tuatara!!
😂
Tuatara is different branch of reptile family. Brids are dinosaurs, tuatara is not.
@@pendragonsxskywalkers9518 yeah that was my second thought. Was just laughing at myself.
I wonder how long T rex would Professor Steve favorite if he came face to face with a hungry T rex?.
What about fungus? Do we have any evidence of animals surviving underground alongside mycelium or is it just impossible to find well preserved evidence of ancient fungus?
If fungus today is any indicator it might be more plentiful than seeds
You say birds are the dinosaurs closest living relatives, but how is a frilled neck lizard for example not a modern-day dinosaur?
Becuase frilled neck lizards are lizards, and dinosaurs are not lizards - they're archosaurs. The lineages of reptiles that gave rise to lizards and archosaurs separated from their diapsid common ancestor more than 250 million years ago.
Also birds aren't just related to dinosaurs, but are in fact living dinosaurs, since birds evolved directly from feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic Period (e.g. _Archaeopteryx)._
Hope this helps.
@bonniemob65 definitely helps, thank you! 🙏
Im guessing they wanted to know about 3 Utah raptors tbh movies did em dirty on that one