@@The_Real_Indiana_Joe I was under the impression that the second law of thermodynamics said that the total entropy of a closed system can't decrease over time. I must've been wrong.
@Brian Hmm I mean that, while he is explaining these kind of things I do feel like I understand the concepts etc. but then quickly afterwards the realisation of not "really" understanding what he told me comes in
Don't worry. Physicists struggle with learning these concepts precisely the first time as well. It's hard stuff that you only truly understand after you deal with it for weeks, months or even years in some cases.
Conformal Cyclic Cosmology idea is actually very elegant and beautiful. It's looks both very natural and like work of mathematical art. And it even can be explained in simple terms to a layman like me.
Me: yes my car is a 2020, I bought it in December of 2019 yes I bought the extended warranty at the dealership and lifetime oil changes. Please feel free to continue wasting mine and your time
What about "As you no doubt will be aware, the plans for the development of the outlying regions of the western spiral arm of the galaxy require the building of a hyperspace express route through your star system and, regrettably, your planet is one of those scheduled for demolition. The process will take slightly less than two of your Earth minutes thank you very much." :)
Corporate needs you to find the differences between this picture (1 light second universe) and this picture (1 billion light year universe). Photon: They're the same picture.
Imigne the new universe develops life and thinks our memes were made feom the gods because they predate the universe 😂 scientists would hate it FOREVER
fake-science: Looking at the cyclic universe from a macro perspective, this fallacy proves that energy can be transferred from low to high energy, and then from high to low energy, keep looping Scientists have discovered that the universe has been degenerating because of the Big Bang evidence(contradicts with the big bang). Scientific theory: The universe evolved from the increase (degeneration) of entropy, concealing the contradictory lies of creationism(god). The Bible, book of job, isaiah or other, says that god stretches out the heavens, which is the redshift of the universe. Universe evolution insults mechanics: The gravity of the sun evolved the solar system, but I have never seen the gravitational theory that gravity can evolve antigravity(gravitation of eight planet). The gravity of the sun should interfere with their evolution, causing them to eventually fail to form. With the advancement of science and technology, there are more and more loopholes in the theory of biological evolution, which proves that when science was underdeveloped, those people superstitious in the theory of biological evolution. Nowadays, the theory of evolution is very controversial in the scientific community.
@@linlaodenis2933 , you are full of s**t: The "theory of evolution," as you call it, or natural selection, is not at all controversial. Really, dude, you are full of crap. Beyond that lie, the rest of your post is gibberish.
i often watch things on this channel 3 to 4 times to try to understand and if and when it clicks it always blows my mind, which is why i love physics/cosmology.
Don't feel like it's possible to understand everything especially on one go around.. but hey that's why we're here.. to learn and understand it for the next go around lol or be curious enough to want to learn said info
@@stoobydootoo4098 Unless he actually meant prophet, as a joke. That poses a question not unlike the famous "if a tree falls in a forest": if someone predicts the end of the Universe and it happens, does it make him a prophet if there is no one to verify his claim?
Reminds me of that cartoon of two scientists in front of a huge complicated looking equation. At one point in the middle there is written, 'And then a miracle occurs', with the equation continuing as normal after. The other scientist points and says 'I think you need to expand your working out here'.
@@keekwai2 Speed of light is so fast, that if you were a being made of light, you wouldn't have a perception of anything, because to you, your life would just end as suddenly as it began.
I had it a few years ago when i saw a lecture by penrose on this topic. He's not the most gifted speaker, but it blew my mind, and without even being close to able to understand the math, there then I decided thats what Im going to believe until someone actually disproves it or comes up with something better. Its just so elegant it almost has to be true.
Go find other videos by Penrose. Not as user friendly, but incredible. I had the same feeling when Penrose put his hand drawn end and beginning of the universe transparencies together. I had to stop the video in awe.
Message from previous universe: "The bad news it that the universe repeats itself in the same way endlessly and also you are doomed to a heat death.....the good news is I saved 15% on my hovercraft insurance by switching to vocanno glider insurance.
I posed this question to my 4 year old daughter and she said "All of the ice cream is going to melt." Some deep thinking and concern going on there touching on the things that really matter.
@I COME FROM SUN it's true.. like little youngin Terrance McKenna asking his mom why europe fits perfectly into africa like a puzzle piece, well young one that's just a coincidence.. a few years later they discovered well it's because they were once part of the same complete puzzle.. kids are geniuses.. wish I still thought like that lol
@@K1LoFoX What? I hope this is sarcasm. It's South America and Africa, and definitely not McKenna, continental drift has nothing to do with psychedelics ffs.
When that day arrives, and I am confident it will arrive, it will be one of great joy as the physical universe will no longer be needed as a place for us to come and learn to be of service to physically manifest life. "The physical universe is an alternative to Creation, and that is why it is changing and moving, for it has a beginning, a middle and an end. You are somewhere in the middle in the great span of Creation. Only a very small part of Creation is involved in manifest life. But to you, of course, it is immense and incomprehensible, as it should be. It is not possible for your intellect to comprehend the scope and the magnitude of this." From a Revelation entitled "The Origin" by MV Summers
Hi Matt O'Dowd I am a die hard fan of yours. I started watching your videos since I was 13 in 8 th standard (2018) . For about 2 - 3 months I can't understand most of what we're you talking about but felt amazed to gain such a knowledge. Then I was able to understand your videos and they helped me get happier whenever I was depressed from school study. I usually hate subjects taught in school except maths physics and chemistry. I always used to top the exams of maths physics and chemistry. I also had won many exams at international or national level. I got in love with physics because of your channel. I always used to be too excited to watch your videos. Now I have learned a lot about physics and its beauty. Please reply or give me a heart if you see this comment so that I can know if you have read it NAMAN GOYAL from India
I hope you can continue to study at the university. There it's more fun when you can chose the subject you like and delve deeper into them one at a time. It's also the place to meet more like minded people. So don't totally neglect the boring subjects until then. I am also re-watching some of the older space-time episodes and hopes I can understand more...
3:15 I was like: Hey, that means they are the same thing! Matt 3 seconds later: Now these clearly aren't the same thing. I think this summarizes my experience with this channel.
Agreed. Some more sensationalist channels would portray such hypotheses as fact, but PBS Space Time simply presents it as what it is... outrageous, exciting, but quite possibly totally wrong.
@@Taeban42 Not everyone abides by that though. A lot of people try to throw their own opinions at you as fact, without talking about the counter side of things. PBS keeps their own biased opinions out of almost every epsiode that they do. I have a huge amount of respect to this channel because of that
In short: Once all indicators of scale have decayed, and scale can no longer be determined, scale no longer matters, all measurements are impossible and points are only relative to each other in ratios of distance, not units. At this point where suddenly what was once infinitely far apart can also be considered infinitely close, big bang. Rinse repeat for eternity.
I'm not picking holes but genuinely confused about the implications of dark energy in this idea, maybe you know - can ratios tell you everything if expansion accelerates? If photons can always meet, and their interactions are preserved, then scale doesn't matter, but if dark energy expands space, then after some scale the photons will never interact, never intersect, and be infinitely separated by expansion of space that creates more space in a unit of time than the photon can travel.
That seems to be the "short of it", but there must be something major that's missing because why at this ultimate point where "all measurements are impossible and points are only relative to each other in ratios of distance, not units" suddenly it all switches completely back to "normal", energies are extreme, matter is everywhere and we can measure everything?
As I understand it can be deeper than that: all the indicators of scale will necessarily decay on the infinite time that gets conformally transformed into the inflation period of the next.
Penrose’s concept of “infinity equalling zero” (or, nothing being indistinguishable from everything?) is simultaneously completely intuitive, yet also almost impossible to explain. Thank you for such an insightful video, you did a great job describing what I’ve been feeling!
Here is a question for you : What would you call a whatever-you-mean-by *con *concept* *without* a corresponding or matching direct immediate personal experience. Put the case that neither infinity nor zero have/has and cannot possibly have any corresponding or matching or equivalent direct immediate personal experience, or it put another way they are rather like an image of a piece of bread but cannot be eaten or otherwise experience as can a piece of bread, so your famous Concept* is little or *no* more than a rather vague image or symbol entirely with a matching corresponding or equivalent direct immediate personal experience. *Can it be said that what infinity and zero have in common is that infinity cannot be directly immediate personally experienced an by the same token, nor more can Zero, thus they are interchangeable, or come to one and the same thing?
@@vhawk1951klI believe the answer to your question is No, that's not the thing they have in common. I'm not sure your assumption of what a "direct personal experience" is exactly or how it could be rigorously defined, but I also don't believe it's relevant here, as we know people absolutely are able to wrap their heads around the concepts given the right priming
@@eragonawesome Remind me of, or reproduce my question, which, being very old and doddery, I forget. If you do not like my definition of knowledge provide me with a better definition, and pick a better moniker *awesome* you are not. Like your servant here present you are temporary.
Physicists in the next universe: Guys I found a message in the cosmic microwave background! Maybe it'll help us save our dying universe! The message: Caed Aldywch
If this were the case it would be certain that there were by mathematical probability alone, so even if we were alone in our current universe it would be a certainty that we weren't alone in all of eternity but other than mathematical probability we'd have no way to find out if that were true. Either way, it's a cool thought.
If only you could define or set out what you seek to convey by " universe", but you are about to demonstrate that you cannot by signally failing to do so, because as you are now discovering, you have not the faintest idea what you mean by universe, which is one something(the clue in the prefix "uni")but one what? You have no idea have you? It is simple enough it is one('uni'means one), but one *what*? You see?- Because you have the word, you mistakenly assume you have the meaning of the word, and are about to demonstrate that you have not, and have no idea one what or what the word "universe conveys to you nor what you seek to convey by it when you use it to others. It is simple enough, it is one some thing and my left pocket bets my right pocket you are about to demonstrate that you have no idea whatsoever, one what. A moments reflection will reveal to you that whatever it is there can*Only* be one-but one what?- you have not the faintest idea, as you will demonstrate by signally failing to set out one what. So what is *By_definition* unique?
How exactly do you understand the word" universe" and how do you define whatever you mean by(but have no idea)universe. You have no idea and cannot even begin to define universe?- No surprises there.
UnivrseS is an obvious screamingly obvious oxymoron a definitional impossibility like two unique things. If by universe you mean everything or the totality of all things then *By_Definition there can only be one so no uiverse_S(plural)which would be and is gibberish.If there can be more than one of whatever it is that you have in mind, whatever it is that you have in mind cannot possibly be the universe(which means everything) and*Obviously there is and can be only*One* eveything or universe. Either that is obvious to you or you are suffering from some handicap or disability so perhaps just not bother with universals from here on in. Universe means *Everything* Yo understand that? If so, jolly good; now it must surely be obvious you that there can be *Only_One* Everything. You can follow that I hope
The first time I heard Penrose talk about CCC I thought it was a beautiful idea. Its the most convincing hypothesis Ive heard about pre-big bang physics.
I love it, and equally love the quantum version of it that I've heard, which is basically that in the post heat-death universe there's no meaningful time, so you have the forever it takes to wait for all of the wave functions of the radiation drifting away to just so happen to spontaneously end up in the exact same location, making another big bang. I'm sure I've done a terrible job of explaining this idea, it's late at night and I've just heard of it somewhere random online I'm sure, not from one of these well explained videos, but the logic involving time becoming meaningless and then a new big bang therefore eventually happening is shared between the 2, even though this video's example uses relativity, and the one I'm butchering in this comment thinks in terms of quantum wave functions of probability density.
Agreed, I think it's because it's the explanation that requires the least assumptions/is self contained. Multiverses are cool, but all they do is kick the can down the road.
@@chrism6315 yeah, that's the issue with inflation theory, it doesn't explain a lot of things and its based on a lot of assumption and un-tested theories, whereas CCC only relies on GR and quantum statistics..
So that we be like the Phoenix life and death or resurrection abilities , on a cosmic scale , but it would be a cause for it , nothing self destructs on it's on unless the source collapse , and there is a source
This may be the most confusing and abstract topic that I've ever felt like I really understood. The notion that massless particles don't experience time, so they also don't experience distance as they travel, was a real eye-opener.
You might be pleased to know that the term "lightlike interval" seems to have replaced an older term, "zero interval," based on at least one old-looking book saying that an interval can be either "timelike, spacelike, or zero." :D
@@Hallowed_Ground The syntax is odd because it's poetry, and strict part-of-speech correctness takes a back seat to scansion. Written in prose, it would be "That which can lie eternally is not dead", but the rhythm of that phrase isn't as effective. It means that death is not static. A once-living thing undergoes decay or supports new life. One might even apply it to nonliving things, because even the very rocks are dynamic on the scale of millions or billions of years.
@@Hallowed_Ground Referencing an undead politician or a vampire lawyer. Aeons bringing to existance the perfect storm mutant that is the lawyer-politician.
Everyone: We should not give 2020 any other ideas. Matt O'Dowd : "I wonder, is it possible to be devoured by a black hole while bring blasted by a supernova and frozen by the heat death of the universe all at the same time?"
Expecting to have enough matter left that late in time... On the other hand, the black hole might pull the blast from the supernova towards it, saving us. The following accretion then saves us from cooling out. Maybe one of the best possible situations in the late universe.
mean, it would be really hard to be blasted by a supernova and freeze at the same time. I'm sure you could do it. I vote we change it to "I wonder, is it possible to be devoured by a black hole while receiving a lethal dose of neutrino radiation and frozen by the heat death of the universe all at the same time"
Someone watching us would be saying "Oh wow, they figured out how the simulation works. Usually it happens in later stages. Oh well, too bad everything gets formatted at the end of every cycle."
1:17 he called it outrageous not because he thinks its outrageous, but that he knew others would think it to be outrageous. I love all of Penrose's theories. They all seem so optimistic and beautiful. It reminds me of Anaximander's concept of the apeiron in which there was indefinite mass where thinks come from and went back into. He also defined things as being the opposites hot and cold. This reminds me of thermodynamics. Anyway, I think it was he who postulated that the Earth was created in some sort of vortex. Man the presocratics were so ahead of their time. This makes me feel that human intuition when deep and introspective is usually correct in postulating theories.
I wish you were right, but consider the extreme historical cherry picking here. Consider that vs the billions of crap hypotheses that spring up, utterly unanchored to evidential or mathematical reality.
@@illustriouschin - Well, assuming that Republican is me... probably information regarding the construction of quantum temporal computing systems. Computers capable of sending information back in time by a few nanoseconds. So the computer knows the answer to a calculation before it even performs it. Processing so over clocked your computer knows what you want before you even know you wanted it.
An empty space still has virtual particles, some of which experience time. Don't they count? Just like how Boltzmann Brains, can't clocks randomly appear? And in a large enough space, can't there always be more than one Boltzmann clock to measure time in an empty space?
Well you can't measure the position and velocity of a virtual particle at the same time, thus you cannot observe any meaningful data from it. Not to mention that you can't only not observe anything, but you also can't interact in any way. Virtual particles also require actual real particles in order to be "exist" at all, because virtual particles only pop up when observable particles get close together. They are emitted from one particle and absorbed by another, but they disappear before they can be measured.
can you imagine if we looked back through time and saw regular, repeating patterns scrawled in the CMB, patterns which break down into the letters "never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down" and a crude doodle of a middle finger?
Maybe the entirety of the cycle is itself a conformal cycle, so the beginning of the very beginning is itself the same as the end of the very end, so there was never a true beginning and never will be a true end
In the CCC model, the universe is past and future eternal. It just keeps going through these eons over and over: when all the black holes and particles have decayed into photons, it’s the literal end of time, which is a physically equivalent state to the early hot Big Bang (the beginning of time), which starts a new eon.
Man I love this channel. He had to look at his notes of screen but I can’t blame him. He’s simplifying a textbook on the meaning of everything. Gotta love PBS space time.
This reminds me of what Carl Sagan called "infinite regression" in his book "Cosmos" from the 1980s. I was a kid then, but I remember reading his book 4-5 times, and the last chapters of the book were the ones that really blew my mind.
See the work of respected Sir Roger Penrose. He has re-postulated a kind of recursive cosmology. It may gain some ground. His proposition of cosmological "epochs" is somewhat testable, as well.
@@tylerdurden3153 I often like to go back to the old, original "Cosmos" and see what popular folk were saying about the universe at those ancient times. There is no mention of dark matter, dark energy, or dark flow for example. It's quite refreshing, and a must-see for those who want to understand the historical progression of pop-cosmological communications with the public.
Brian Hmm Infinite regression seems logically impossible, but do we know (enough) about what sort of logic pertains to the universe at its biggest scale? After all, logic at the quantum scale is different from that we experience in out daily life.
@@onehitpick9758 Actually I think you're getting, and giving a very distorted view. It's not like physicists were talking about Dark Energy that much earlier than the public. It was the Hubble Space Telescope's 2001 discovery of supernova 1997ff which provided evidence for Dark Energy. This development has little to do with "pop-cosmological communications"(and if it's legitimate science communication with the public, why are you calling it "pop"?). I'd add that the spread of the internet has everything to do with disseminating modern physics, and pre-internet Cosmos doesn't give much perspective on this at all. I think you're a bright person feeling a little insecure about understanding the physics and trying to compensate by making pronouncements about what we're getting on the receiving end. Note the term "pop-psychology" strongly implies inaccuracy and even deception, and creating terms like "pop-cosmological" has similar implications. Sagan would resent such a characterization. He was, and PBS Spacetime is, interested in disseminating accurate science and that term, and "popular folk", is denigrating what they are trying to do. Don't try to compensate for not being able to contribute directly, yourself.
This is amazing and I really find the CCC model extremely compelling for many reasons. It’s the key that got me thinking about a deeper probabilistic quantum reality based on information theory.
@@djayjpit seems Sir Penrose’s life has been long. He personally attended many events. I believe he knew of Witten and others -very influential people who met and analyzed what the future might hold. I feel he topped it all.
@@djayjp He has personal experience of the infancy of many things that later on in time blossomed into many areas of mathematics and physics. I know from my own small accomplishment that tens float and pi stacks. He can take it from there and is most capable of knowing how to wrap that story up. It is simple , elegant and true.
In New York City, the Statue of Liberty contains a glass bowl at the base that displays a cartoon animation of the future. After thousands of years, the bowl has grown to the size of a small moon, containing the remains of an old civilization. Near the city's entrance is a statue of a young man gazing at a white rabbit. The animation appears to be a looping movie, with the rabbit spinning about its nest as the young man watches, thus representing the human relationship to natural laws. When the Earth is threatened with destruction, the image switches to a dark forest that leads to the city. A vase containing wine is topped by a sphere in the sky with a single bright star in the middle.
@@greytroll1632 Above the two stars is a garden in which, from a distance, humans can see. The spherical object is surrounded by a strange field that no earthly creatures can see through. And that field is being protected by a creature who only appears in the celestial spheres. Flower's dream of a grand destruction is not realized. He disappears from the world he created when he was little. In the lucid dream, flowers come back. In them are a strong compulsion for Flower to participate in destruction and wish for that destruction to come true.
@@Mononoken In his own wake, the strongest remnants of Flower disappear and disappear into flower petals. His dream world becomes fragmented, far removed from the dream world from his previous life. Those memories of his past life become fragments that often get detached, from memory of the original. Dream branches from the main thread of Flower's nightmares and drift apart, left to their own in a maze in his dreams, where Flower never remembers being Flower. Although Flower does not seem to remember the dreams he has in his lucid dreams, he does occasionally believe himself to be the girl who committed suicide. In his dreams, Flowers does not remember world as much as he does remembering his life in The Wild.
Around about the same understanding a lot of the time I leave an episode only and then come back to it later and for some reason I start to understand more
I know what happens, a super computer/intelligence spends eons finding out how to reverse entropy, then even more eons to find the perfect way to flex his new abilities, and then the universe does a factory reboot. Boom.
That's not a coincidence. Penrose makes it clear in his writing that he takes a very negative view of anything that is in conflict with GR. So anything theorized by Penrose will be compatible with Einstein.
Some personal philosophic conjecture: When entropy gets the highest, it's actually the lowest, because when everything is the same, there is only one thing that exists.
@@Kitsudote im confused on how entropy can increase and decrease at the same time. It appears to me as if you've arrived at some sort of paradoxical contradiction, caused by a misunderstanding of what entropy is, ofcourse Im not sure myself as my understanding of entropy isnt very strong.
Actually Rogers point is not just about why the entropy of the universe was so low at the beginning. His point is that there is a paradox that nearly all physicists fail to recognise; how come the spectrum of the CMB precisely matches that expected by an object at MAXIMUm entropy, when the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy can only rise? CCC is Roger's attempt to resolve this paradox by showing how max and min entropy can be equivalent.
I don't think Penrose is suggesting that max and min entropy are equivalent - he is after all subscribing to information loss in a black hole! In this sense, he says that entropy is 'transcended', and all of the gravitational degrees of freedom are 'liberated', and that in a new aeon, the entropy of gravity is at a precise minimum, allowing the entropy of the other quantum forces to be at a maximum. - I love his lectures on RUclips, I think I've seen over a dozen of them! Do you think I have this idea correct? Each aeon truly starts at minimum entropy, and increases to a max at the end of black hole decay - this process eats the information in the massive particles, and thus eats their gravitational entropy... So the gravity entropy is reset every aeon, and the non-gravity entropy in a constant ebb-and-flow, generating particle mass and the arrow of time, each aeon. - But to your point, my impression of the Weyl curvature hypothesis is that Penrose & Tod & more suggest that the heat death and the big bang (the moments of maximumest and minimumest entropy) are physically equivalent - they 'become' entropic equivalents in the new aeon's matter genesis, the liminal moment of transcendence where the universe starts another heartbeat or breath. I really try to wrap my head around the 'transcendence' of entropy so let me know what you think!
@@zzztopspin I don't there is any such distinction between entropy and gravitational entropy - there is just entropy. My understanding of CCC is that there is no mass at both the big bang, and also at the end, after all the black holes have evaporated due to hawking radiation, all matter has decayed. Without mass, there are no clocks, there is no time experienced by the massless particles, and so, without time, there is no measurement of distance and you can rescale the universe conformally. Such that "big and cold" universe can be seen as "small and hot" as a new Aeon begins.
There’s no such thing as a universally effective microbe, microscopic organisms must adapt to be effective in their environment, same as larger organisms. An organism adapted for an alien environment, like the inside of aliens species bodies, would have great difficulty adapting to a human body, and would be outcompeted by the microbes that had adapted specifically for that purpose, and the human immune system. Viruses that make the jump from animals to humans on earth tend to be from species that are (relatively) closely related to us, and only after humans have spent massive amounts of time around them, giving it a chance to evolve. An alien would be less related to us than the Trees are, and it’s diseases would be equally unlikely to make the jump to humans. Basically the fear of alien microbes is largely based on a misunderstanding of microbial evolution. It’s not a process where something simply becomes “better” in a general sense, but rather a process of becoming better adapted to a specific environments. As such, alien microbes actually possess a distinct disadvantage over native ones, since they lack the billions of years of evolutionary arms race that has lead to viruses being so well adapted to their environment in the first place.
@@mansamusa1743 Not really... since those atheists are mostly atheistic against the "god" of the abrahamic scripures abut indifferent or ingnorant towards transcendent gods. You just cant compare it...
@@jean-lucpicard581 I think more atheistic toward a "higher power," not really toward abrahamic scriptures. With that said more religion essentially arrive on the cyclical nature of time because death and rebirth is important to so many people.
I appreciate CCC, because i like the notion of eternal universe. I think though, that due to the energy conservation, contraction will replace the expansion at some point. I also suspect, the actual symmetry is self-similarity(instead of a conformal one) and the universe is somehow a fractal.
If you think about it for a moment the CCC is a fractal (since all a fractal really is is a never-ending pattern and the CCC is as never-ending pattern of big bangs and expansion), and since kinetic energy leads to a contraction in rest mass vs kinetic energy (making rest mass negligible) as it gets higher you have an inevitable state that would lead to a break down in the function of the Higgs field giving quantum particles mass leading to a massless universe which begins the big bang all over again so in a way the CCC leads to a form of contraction and expansion in a fractal system that doesn't needlessly break the conservation of energy as that energy carries on into the next Aeon leaving dark energy in its wake. I'm not sure if I'm saying what I mean clearly enough but I hope so. As far as I'm understanding it the CCC meets everything you think except the actual symmetry being self-similarity instead of conformal. I'm not quite sure what you mean by that but I find this whole thing very fascinating either way.
I spent time thinking of this a few years back when Dr Penrose first released a video on his Conformal Cyclic Cosmology. If his assumptions are correct re mass and particle stability the theory makes perfect sense to me. I thought his perspective was insightful. There is also an appealing symmetry to CCC. I wonder if there will ever be insight into the fundamental source of the physical laws that must exist in order to drive the various cosmological theories - all the theories presume a pre-existing set of fundamental physical laws - I wonder if we can ever do better than what we already had about 2400 years ago eg Plato's Prime Mover or the Old Testament God of Creation? Can the Laws be said to exist without any life to experience them? How intricately entwined are the physical laws and the life that experiences them?
"Can the Laws be said to exist without any life to experience them?" Of course they can. We can directly see the beginning of the universe via the CMB, and we can therefore know for certain that there was a time in the universe when there was nothing which could be alive. During that time, the universe was a thing, but there wasn't anything alive to see it. So a universe can exist perfectly well without any life.
@@radishpineapple74 if that was the case, why would there be any life at all. It just wouldn’t be necessary and seems like a super complex thing that has no reason to exist. Unless it’s reason is to confirm the existence of our universe.
@@DittyDafku why would things that exist need a reason? They just need a cause. Not a purpose. Assuming everything has a reason is already assuming god.
@@adarwinterdror7245 I understand you and it can be easy to fall into the trap of real meaning but everything in the universe can be traced back to it's original starting point. The Big Bang, everything after that is pure mathematics, for an example the location of our planet in the solar system, the location of our galaxy. In other word's, it can be calculated without randomness. Life is the only thing that can technically behave outside the bounds of this measured causality. We have by in large freedom of choice. Sure we have genetic tendencies to go after food and sleep but we can decide where to sleep or what food to eat. A rock does not make decisions, nor does any matter in in the large scale. Of course quantum mechanics is sort of poking into this realm and we are not yet sure of the implications of that. There could be some meaning in that. Otherwise there would only be entropy. However organic life is the only form of matter that seems to head towards evolution, increasing in complexity and efficiency instead of chaos and disorder. Just things I think about.
@@DittyDafku We all think about those things, though physicists are really not sure about weather we have free will or not. And if quantum randomness is effecting our brains than it isnt "will". It's random. That's the point of the quantum mechanics - it's NOT determined by anything. So we either dont have free will or our brains sometimes work randomly, which free-randomness. But in either case - if you eliminate the effects of life on the universe (which is really less than a trillionth of a percent of the universe, which is completely meaningless) than you're left with almost 100% of will-free and purpose-free universe. so statistically, the universe has no meaning and no purpose. what is, is what it is and it isn't trying to achieve anything. That's the only conclusion I personally come to.
@@tomkerruish2982 Huh? The book is "The resteraunt at the end of the universe" or the radio programme is episode... agh crap it I can't remember. The series is "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a Trilogy of 5" It's part of the hitchhikers series, if that's what you mean
@@nopenope4502 Yes, I was referring to the book. I've read that DNA was pleased that nearly every iteration was inconsistent with the others, with the (to him) annoying exception that the published radio scripts were consistent with the radio show itself. Definitely a frood who really knew where his towel was.
Does this imply a sort of reincarnation as you experiencing conciousness is a non-zero probability and the amount of aeons the universe goes through is possibly infinite? This is assuming the initial conditions of following aeons are able to produce conciousness.
yes. it means buddhism is correct except for the moral component. morality is presumably the defiance of entropic forces which would represent chaos (antisocial/sociopathic behavior), and defying that chaos through cooperation and the creation of organization in harmony with nature (beauty) is what we humans understand as morality. if only we could all agree on what's right, we could take this to it's logical conclusion and see what the perfection of order in the most complex chemical environment in the goldilocks zone of the universe looks like. interesting stuff to think about.
@@Farvadude I'm not really following you with identifying morality with entropy. I think a far more useful definition of morality is the strive to maximize a preferred state of being (happiness) while simultaneously minimizing unpreferred states of being (suffering) in all moral agents. While you could argue that the adherence to these moral axioms could lead to some form of social order, morality and order are not in a valid conditional relation as both its inverse (if theres order, theres morality) and its contrapositive (if there is no order, there is no morality) dont have to be true. For example, you could form social order through immoral acts (think about a dictatorship)
I believe that there is afterworld where we all have another conscious being as seen on Earth. I believe that we all live on average 7-II decades (for most of the human population for sure) and then die and gradually become worm food. I also believe our universe will last about another centillion years before dark energy expands everything so far apart that energy can't slow down to form matter and our universe as we know it does from heat death &/or 'big-rip' where everything is spread apart you've got well over a Google distance in any direction of not a single quark and maybe a handful of elementary particles found anywhere between a billion and Googolplex light years in distance toward each other. No Galaxies no Star Systems or anything that involves plants among other celestial bodies orbiting their star could form here.
To me I don’t think time just stops 😑in fact when we all die it will feel as if the universe will fade into darkness forever 😐but the truth is we don’t know in fact we were all ready dead before we even came into this world in the first place 😑our experience in death will eventually be the same as if we did not exist in the first place 😑
Here is something even more absurd: If our Space - Time was contracting by accelerating down within a super gravity well, wouldn't distant objects appear to move away from us at an accelerated pace? And here is an other one for you: If the one universe of the ones you mention, was made predominantly of matter and the other one of anti-matter and they eventually collided under their gravitational attraction wouldn't you have a big bang? The idea being that given the sizes involved you would end up with a fizzle yield creating a highly energetic particle soup instead of total Matter-Antimatter eniolation, hence cyclic universes... Is there any one out there in your scientific community considering things like that, or is it just good old me being that absurd?
Jason Lynch I was thinking this is from the perspective of a 4D creature (spatial dimensions), and our 3D universe is the simulation (I’m not including the time dimension). It doesn’t necessarily have to be that way, so 4D chess works too
It’s not about difficulty, it’s more just knowledge. Think about how casually you can talk about the internet while someone from colonial times wouldn’t understand the first thing about computers. If given enough time they’d just as easily understand the internet as you, just as you can understand physics if you do the reading
@@timbeaton5045 I think that the first message left this way would have faded long ago, since the universe would have existed for an arbitrarily (or infinitely) long time.
That’s all? All that just to say that we’re not alone. That would be a complete let down. I hope it’s something completely kind blows by that we can’t even comprehend.
I bet it's their entire history written in something we can't even recognize as a language. I wonder if pattern recognition would even work to try to find characters or symbols since we would basically have to guess what dimensions to restrict the potential character to, and what if it doesn't read linearly but spreading out from the center in multiple directions to form "words"
The people saying "the universe is a simulation" are wrong. The universe is actually a reciprocating combustion chamber. EDIT: I was being a smartass. My money's on Perpetual Inflation.
Think it's more anyone that says "the universe is..." is completely full of themselves. Especially when trying to describe a truly mind bogglingly large universe when they can't be bothered to understand how the basic laws of physics around them actually work (see Ghost Hunter and it's following for how many fail at that).
Micro nova is coming... day side will be torched and the night side will see cosmic lightning and 5000 meter floods (like in the Bible...) Every star in Orion is too far away to make us die from heat...
I wonder 😐it may be the end of the universe but what about the cosmos?😐also the universe explands into nothing in heat death Ok? Then how did the Big Bang formed in the first place ?😓and ok the inverse ends in heat death or vacuum decay ok then what 😐? A universe ends ok? It does not make since 😓if the universe were to end forever we would not be here and earth would not formed in the first place 😓
I don’t know if I should be suffering from an existential crisis or be ecstatic with the joy of the possibility of an infinite eternal, beautiful universal.
@Big Meat Swangin' I don’t see that as being terrible. We don’t have to effect the next universe for it to beautiful that the universe will continue with cycles for eternity.
When will the universe ends? We don’t know 😐is it infinite or finite is it open flat or curved ? Any scientist would tell you it’s flat that it will extend forever leading to heat death and the entire cosmos formed 14 billion years ago 😐that may be however any real scientist would say….we don’t know
Wouldn't there be massive discontinuities in temperature from one aeon to the next? How could an exponentially expanding (and thereby cooling) universe all of a sudden reach Planck temperatures as it "big bangs" into another aeon? Or does temperature also experience a conformal rescaling in a cyclic universe as described?
Think about it: if scale (and time) is relative, then necessarily temperature (being a function of energy density) would be as well, in such a universe.
13:16 - This is starting to sound like what was meant to be a major season-arcing plot point in Stargate: Universe. One of the characters said that the Ancients had found a message embedded in the CMB. Shame the show got cancelled before we could see how that panned out. NB: It got cancelled in 2011, and this paper seems to be from 2013 ?
SGU could have been a great show, but the richness of its lore just couldn't outshine the cringe-worthiness of its characters. Both SG-1 and Atlantis had full casts of deeply nuanced characters with complex interpersonal dynamics, whereas virtually all the characters in SGU were little more than stereotypes with the personalities of cardboard cutouts. The few characters who actually possessed some redeemable qualities, such as Eli and Greer, remained perpetually enslaved by their flaws and never showed any promise of being able to overcome them. The crew of Destiny had the combined emotional maturity of a group of high school freshman, only capable of the most superficial relationships with one another. I don't mean to rant, but SGU is just one of those tragic examples of wasted potential. The setting was perfect for what could have been a truly compelling narrative on the human condition at the farthest edges of the unknown, but what we got instead was the trivial melodrama of the terminally malajusted.
@@williamwesner4268 Yeah, SGU treated people as if everyone at every level acts like fast food or retail worker flunkies. You know the ones everyone hates to work with because they are so incredibly lazy that they make everyone else's job much more difficult. The other SG series treated the characters as what they were presented: people that kept pushing themselves to become the best in their field or close enough to it that they would be seriously considered for such a groundbreaking project. Eli is the only person on SGU that made any sense to be an average "gave up on life" kind of person but yet he's so much more developed than the other characters that make no sense at all to be like that; even he was held back by adherence that all people are like that.
10:55 Seems to me that this is explainable in terms of the anthropic principle; it's far more likely for life to occur in an infinite chain of universes than one that exists once and then burns out, no matter what the initial odds of a universe producing observers actually is, so from our existence we can conclude that all else being equal, we're more likely to be one of many universes (and this remains true even if only one exists at a time like this theory describes). Or think of it this way: Imagine a Random Omnipotent Being (R.O.B.) decides to flip a fair coin: On heads, it will proceed to roll a six sided die once, but on tails, it will roll a six sided die an infinite number of times. In either case, if the R.O.B. rolls a six, it will create a person, explain the situation and ask them to guess whether the coin had landed on heads or tails. What should you answer to have the best odds of being right? While the odds of the initial coin flip were even, it seems clear from either intuition or Bayes' theorem that since you exist, you should expect that the R.O.B.'s coin landed on tails.
@@weasel4915 no, it's more like saying if you flip a coin some unknow number of times and know that at some point it was heads at least once, it makes sense to say that the number of flips probably more than one
I still don't understand, if gravity is the curvature of space, then why are we still looking for a "graviton" to communicate the "force" of gravity? Space itself is communicating the force by warping, so no particle needed, right?
But the scale examples (from 2:37) are not correct when taking dark energy into account. On a smaller scale the photon's paths will cross, but on cosmic scales this may never happen, because dark energy will prevent them from ever coming close to each other. So even though they don't experience time, they will never traverse the universe from one side to the other.
Well ok but we’re still left with Plato’s first mover issue: how did the original universe start before the daisy chain? Or... is the daisy chain a closed loop so it’s like the snake that swallows it’s tail. Talk about mind bending! 😜
@@larjkok1184 that feels a bit like a cop out answer. I'm not meaning this as a personal attack or expecting you to have an answer, it just feels like a response of "we don't know what it is so it just might not exist"
I mean, if the universes all have the same total energy, then there are only so many (a lot but not infinite) different arrangements of particles and waves that can describe the entire story of that aeon. This means that there will, at some point, be a sequence of universes. Some even repeating given there can only be so many. There might not be a nice periodic sequence such as "the current universe happens every 10^50 cycles" but maybe a random one given the non deterministic nature of reality. I guess that counts as the snake you are referring to in some way...
When the universe reaches maximum entropy, a sudden entropy dip could mean all remaining and surviving existing matter or antimatter could converge on a single point, forming a singularity. This singularity would be a proto-universe and would expand to form a new universe. This means that existance is always in a state of rebirth, since there is no reason why all the matter SHOULDN'T converge unto a single point. If there is a dip in entropy, a new big bang could happen. TL;DR According to entropy, the universe is in a cycle of rebirth, as all particles could just converge on a single point, resulting in a big bang.
@@MichaelCoombes776 Techinqually he isn't a serial killer since it was only one actual being he killed... wait, do reincarnations count as a single being? Okay I'm going to go reread hitchhikers and think about that
When the universe ends, I'm sticking around to see if there's a post-credits scene.
That list of names
Of everyone body that evwe lived lol actors
@@riveratrackrunner
Jimmy the cockroach the 13th quintillionth
Died 1945 by impact from shoe
"No Animal were harmed in the making of this film."
There's a teaser for the sequel at the end
"Hey folks, Enjoy your entropy while it's low." Says the previous Universe.
The second law of thermodynamics says 'God IS real'.
@@The_Real_Indiana_Joe Fractal time says Nature is intractable, so hail Eris. Don't even need the sign problem. Just finite symmetry groups.
@@briandegraw4445 God made those.
@@The_Real_Indiana_Joe I was under the impression that the second law of thermodynamics said that the total entropy of a closed system can't decrease over time. I must've been wrong.
@@briandegraw4445 🍎
Ah yes, time to feel like i understand way more things than i do for 18 minutes
🤣🤣😂😊 - Me too! After about 2 min I found myself staring off into nothing...
They're saying he's way smarter then us and we just pretend to understand it all like he does :)
What happens when the universe ends? Consciousness goes on, gets bored and makes a new one.
@Brian Hmm I mean that, while he is explaining these kind of things I do feel like I understand the concepts etc. but then quickly afterwards the realisation of not "really" understanding what he told me comes in
Don't worry. Physicists struggle with learning these concepts precisely the first time as well. It's hard stuff that you only truly understand after you deal with it for weeks, months or even years in some cases.
Conformal Cyclic Cosmology idea is actually very elegant and beautiful. It's looks both very natural and like work of mathematical art. And it even can be explained in simple terms to a layman like me.
Last gasp of the universe: “We have been trying to reach you about your car’s expiring warranty”
Me: yes my car is a 2020, I bought it in December of 2019 yes I bought the extended warranty at the dealership and lifetime oil changes. Please feel free to continue wasting mine and your time
I just tell them I'm Jeff Bezos
@@ciajeffbezoz171 Really? I like to say, "which one? The Aston Martin or the Lotus?"
Ken K This is your final notice...
What about "As you no doubt will be aware, the plans for the development of the outlying regions of the western spiral arm of the galaxy require the building of a hyperspace express route through your star system and, regrettably, your planet is one of those scheduled for demolition. The process will take slightly less than two of your Earth minutes thank you very much." :)
Corporate needs you to find the differences between this picture (1 light second universe) and this picture (1 billion light year universe). Photon: They're the same picture.
Underrated comment lol.
Lmaoo this was the best comment🤣🤣
Corporate cyclic cosmology
The purpose of Humanity is to create a giant gravitational wave machine that will send all of our memes into the next universe
Yes
Imigne the new universe develops life and thinks our memes were made feom the gods because they predate the universe 😂 scientists would hate it FOREVER
We need to make the next cosmic microwave background a colossal troll face
oof
Only send happy face 😃
I like how he is wearing a tshirt that says HEAT DEATH IS COMING
"ah yeah lets give a dark reminder that the heat death is coming and that nobody can escape it to students worldwide"
fake-science: Looking at the cyclic universe from a macro perspective, this fallacy proves that energy can be transferred from low to high energy, and then from high to low energy, keep looping
Scientists have discovered that the universe has been degenerating because of the Big Bang evidence(contradicts with the big bang). Scientific theory: The universe evolved from the increase (degeneration) of entropy, concealing the contradictory lies of creationism(god).
The Bible, book of job, isaiah or other, says that god stretches out the heavens, which is the redshift of the universe.
Universe evolution insults mechanics: The gravity of the sun evolved the solar system, but I have never seen the gravitational theory that gravity can evolve antigravity(gravitation of eight planet). The gravity of the sun should interfere with their evolution, causing them to eventually fail to form.
With the advancement of science and technology, there are more and more loopholes in the theory of biological evolution, which proves that when science was underdeveloped, those people superstitious in the theory of biological evolution. Nowadays, the theory of evolution is very controversial in the scientific community.
@@linlaodenis2933 , you are full of s**t: The "theory of evolution," as you call it, or natural selection, is not at all controversial. Really, dude, you are full of crap.
Beyond that lie, the rest of your post is gibberish.
I don't always understand everything said on SpaceTime, but I grasp enough to enjoy it. :)
I don't always understand everything said on SpaceTime, but when i do I watch two episodes.
Stay curious my friends.
i often watch things on this channel 3 to 4 times to try to understand and if and when it clicks it always blows my mind, which is why i love physics/cosmology.
Don't feel like it's possible to understand everything especially on one go around.. but hey that's why we're here.. to learn and understand it for the next go around lol or be curious enough to want to learn said info
The presenter doesn’t either but at least he can use all those wonderful adjectives! 😂
llqqqq
Steps to success:
1. Predict the end of the universe
2. Write a book about it
3. Prophet?
Booo, also I love it.
Of course you meant 'Profit?', Jesus.
@@stoobydootoo4098 Unless he actually meant prophet, as a joke. That poses a question not unlike the famous "if a tree falls in a forest": if someone predicts the end of the Universe and it happens, does it make him a prophet if there is no one to verify his claim?
@@stoobydootoo4098 I'm really sure you just missed the pun there. :-)
@@stoobydootoo4098 Very good pun, sir. I tip my hat.
Pretty sure the message from the last universe is "We apologize for the inconvenience."
That, or, "Please hold - we are currently feeding the dolphins."
intelligentcomputing or “so long, and thanks for all the fish”
Goose and bear are some tricksters.
I thought it was, "And now for something completely different..."
@@RayHuong Isn't it about time for the penguin on top of your television set to explode?
This was an incredible episode, one of my favourites. I endlessly appreciate the teams efforts
“CCC naturally gives you dark matter, but we’ll skip that for now.” WAIT NO
Con, typical of the nonsense that is cosmology.
Smh!
BBCs also provide a lot of dark matter but that's a topic for another video.
Reminds me of that cartoon of two scientists in front of a huge complicated looking equation. At one point in the middle there is written, 'And then a miracle occurs', with the equation continuing as normal after. The other scientist points and says 'I think you need to expand your working out here'.
TheEyesOfNye I have already seen the video(s)
Light when the universe begins and ends: "Oh no, anyway."
Translation?
If the begining is the end in lights perception of time then nothing really matters for it.
Omg Clarkson 😂
@@Plamkton If light doesn't "feel" time, and CCC was reality, wouldn't light say, ""
@@keekwai2 Speed of light is so fast, that if you were a being made of light, you wouldn't have a perception of anything, because to you, your life would just end as suddenly as it began.
This single episode gave me the biggest mindf*** i've ever had
I had it a few years ago when i saw a lecture by penrose on this topic. He's not the most gifted speaker, but it blew my mind, and without even being close to able to understand the math, there then I decided thats what Im going to believe until someone actually disproves it or comes up with something better. Its just so elegant it almost has to be true.
Same O_o ^^
Go find other videos by Penrose. Not as user friendly, but incredible. I had the same feeling when Penrose put his hand drawn end and beginning of the universe transparencies together. I had to stop the video in awe.
Same, also I was freaked out because it's one of the rare episodes where I understood start to finish. What a ride.
Have heard Penrose talk about CCC before. It actually makes sense to me. But then again I am an English teacher. Great video by the way.
Message from previous universe: "The bad news it that the universe repeats itself in the same way endlessly and also you are doomed to a heat death.....the good news is I saved 15% on my hovercraft insurance by switching to vocanno glider insurance.
That would literally be the 1 version of theorys i fear most.
That would be H-ll in my Eyes.
I posed this question to my 4 year old daughter and she said "All of the ice cream is going to melt." Some deep thinking and concern going on there touching on the things that really matter.
You can reassure her that it gets really cold when the universe enters heat death so the ice cream won’t melt.
@@mitseraffej5812 of course everyone is dead at that point so no one left to eat it anyway.
@I COME FROM SUN it's true.. like little youngin Terrance McKenna asking his mom why europe fits perfectly into africa like a puzzle piece, well young one that's just a coincidence.. a few years later they discovered well it's because they were once part of the same complete puzzle.. kids are geniuses.. wish I still thought like that lol
@I COME FROM SUN That's different from anwsering "ice cream is gonna melt", isn't it?
@@K1LoFoX What? I hope this is sarcasm. It's South America and Africa, and definitely not McKenna, continental drift has nothing to do with psychedelics ffs.
This reminds me a lot of "The Last Question" by Issac Asimov
i was thinking "His masters voice" by Stanislaw Lem
Hey you remembered his name! The author once joked that the majority of people barely know the title, let alone his name.
@Anirban Chakrabarti I'm getting goosebumps just thinking about it rn ahahah probably going to read it later!
Fiat lux!
To me it sounds like the manifold time series from Stephen Baxter
Funny enough, the representation of the CCC daisy chain is also a scale model of my mind blowing approximately every two minutes throughout the video.
When that day arrives, and I am confident it will arrive, it will be one of great joy as the physical universe will no longer be needed as a place for us to come and learn to be of service to physically manifest life.
"The physical universe is an alternative to Creation, and that is why it is changing and moving, for it has a beginning, a middle and an end. You are somewhere in the middle in the great span of Creation.
Only a very small part of Creation is involved in manifest life. But to you, of course, it is immense and incomprehensible, as it should be. It is not possible for your intellect to comprehend the scope and the magnitude of this." From a Revelation entitled "The Origin" by MV Summers
Thank you!
Beautiful
Thank you, ALW.
Hi Matt O'Dowd
I am a die hard fan of yours. I started watching your videos since I was 13 in 8 th standard (2018) . For about 2 - 3 months I can't understand most of what we're you talking about but felt amazed to gain such a knowledge. Then I was able to understand your videos and they helped me get happier whenever I was depressed from school study. I usually hate subjects taught in school except maths physics and chemistry. I always used to top the exams of maths physics and chemistry. I also had won many exams at international or national level. I got in love with physics because of your channel. I always used to be too excited to watch your videos. Now I have learned a lot about physics and its beauty. Please reply or give me a heart if you see this comment so that I can know if you have read it
NAMAN GOYAL from India
Awww
100% UPVOTE
This is beautiful, the only part I don't relate too is successful at school
I started at 8% understanding, now I think I'm up to 12%.
I hope you can continue to study at the university. There it's more fun when you can chose the subject you like and delve deeper into them one at a time. It's also the place to meet more like minded people.
So don't totally neglect the boring subjects until then. I am also re-watching some of the older space-time episodes and hopes I can understand more...
3:15
I was like: Hey, that means they are the same thing!
Matt 3 seconds later: Now these clearly aren't the same thing.
I think this summarizes my experience with this channel.
Clearly you are a photon.
Depends on your definition of the "same thing" ;-)
They look the same which is (very basically speaking) the point of the theory.
Thank the Aeons I’m not the only one.
6:45 you were right.
But also wrong 😁
I absolutely love that we learn about hypotheses here. We're presented the evidence and the arguments, but not told what to think.
Agreed. Some more sensationalist channels would portray such hypotheses as fact, but PBS Space Time simply presents it as what it is... outrageous, exciting, but quite possibly totally wrong.
Ditto.
That's how science works.
@@Taeban42 Not everyone abides by that though. A lot of people try to throw their own opinions at you as fact, without talking about the counter side of things. PBS keeps their own biased opinions out of almost every epsiode that they do.
I have a huge amount of respect to this channel because of that
@Andy Solomons I was only referring to the "PBS spacetime" series. I don't have much to say about corporation's or politically based subjects.
The universe exists for me to subsist.
When I die, it dies too.
Yes.....it was...it is....it will be
all about you. A truly self aware person..........LOL
How many really believe this..
@@williamzwuck1562 When I cease to exist, so do you.
Prove me wrong. ;)
How do you tell the time when yr dead a second won't feel different than a billion years. Just like the billions of years before we where born
In short: Once all indicators of scale have decayed, and scale can no longer be determined, scale no longer matters, all measurements are impossible and points are only relative to each other in ratios of distance, not units. At this point where suddenly what was once infinitely far apart can also be considered infinitely close, big bang. Rinse repeat for eternity.
Yeah, but isn't that just playing with words? I mean "can be considered" and "it is" are not the same? Or are they? :)
I'm not picking holes but genuinely confused about the implications of dark energy in this idea, maybe you know - can ratios tell you everything if expansion accelerates? If photons can always meet, and their interactions are preserved, then scale doesn't matter, but if dark energy expands space, then after some scale the photons will never interact, never intersect, and be infinitely separated by expansion of space that creates more space in a unit of time than the photon can travel.
That seems to be the "short of it", but there must be something major that's missing because why at this ultimate point where "all measurements are impossible and points are only relative to each other in ratios of distance, not units" suddenly it all switches completely back to "normal", energies are extreme, matter is everywhere and we can measure everything?
@@sabjanzoltan If two things are indistinguishable, it's at least arguable that they are in fact the same thing.
As I understand it can be deeper than that: all the indicators of scale will necessarily decay on the infinite time that gets conformally transformed into the inflation period of the next.
Penrose’s concept of “infinity equalling zero” (or, nothing being indistinguishable from everything?) is simultaneously completely intuitive, yet also almost impossible to explain.
Thank you for such an insightful video, you did a great job describing what I’ve been feeling!
Here is a question for you :
What would you call a whatever-you-mean-by *con *concept* *without* a corresponding or matching direct immediate personal experience.
Put the case that neither infinity nor zero have/has and cannot possibly have any corresponding or matching or equivalent direct immediate personal experience, or it put another way they are rather like an image of a piece of bread but cannot be eaten or otherwise experience as can a piece of bread, so your famous Concept* is little or *no* more than a rather vague image or symbol entirely with a matching corresponding or equivalent direct immediate personal experience.
*Can it be said that what infinity and zero have in common is that infinity cannot be directly immediate personally experienced an by the same token, nor more can Zero, thus they are interchangeable, or come to one and the same thing?
@@vhawk1951klI believe the answer to your question is No, that's not the thing they have in common. I'm not sure your assumption of what a "direct personal experience" is exactly or how it could be rigorously defined, but I also don't believe it's relevant here, as we know people absolutely are able to wrap their heads around the concepts given the right priming
@@eragonawesome I can no longer locate nor remember what the question was and am long past caring about it
@@vhawk1951kl yeah that's fair lol, I don't think I looked at the date before replying to your comment
@@eragonawesome Remind me of, or reproduce my question, which, being very old and doddery, I forget.
If you do not like my definition of knowledge provide me with a better definition, and pick a better moniker *awesome* you are not. Like your servant here present you are temporary.
Physicists in the next universe: Guys I found a message in the cosmic microwave background! Maybe it'll help us save our dying universe!
The message: Caed Aldywch
I laughed way too hard at this, I wish I had more than one like to give.
What if some of the random, patternless static that we detect in space all the time are actually names?
Confictura Incarnatus Maybe they’re jokes.
“In the future, humor will be randomly generated.”
Could someone explain? A Google search didn't clear that joke up for me!
@@sankhyohalder97 Don't read the comments before the end of the video, I made the same mistake...
If there were more universes before us, there could have been creatures that had the same level of knowledge as us.
If this were the case it would be certain that there were by mathematical probability alone, so even if we were alone in our current universe it would be a certainty that we weren't alone in all of eternity but other than mathematical probability we'd have no way to find out if that were true. Either way, it's a cool thought.
If only you could define or set out what you seek to convey by " universe", but you are about to demonstrate that you cannot by signally failing to do so, because as you are now discovering, you have not the faintest idea what you mean by universe, which is one something(the clue in the prefix "uni")but one what?
You have no idea have you?
It is simple enough it is one('uni'means one), but one *what*?
You see?- Because you have the word, you mistakenly assume you have the meaning of the word, and are about to demonstrate that you have not, and have no idea one what or what the word "universe conveys to you nor what you seek to convey by it when you use it to others.
It is simple enough, it is one some thing and my left pocket bets my right pocket you are about to demonstrate that you have no idea whatsoever, one what. A moments reflection will reveal to you that whatever it is there can*Only* be one-but one what?- you have not the faintest idea, as you will demonstrate by signally failing to set out one what. So what is *By_definition* unique?
How exactly do you understand the word" universe" and how do you define whatever you mean by(but have no idea)universe.
You have no idea and cannot even begin to define universe?- No surprises there.
If only you could define " universe", but you are about to demostrate that you cannot by signally failing to do so.
UnivrseS is an obvious screamingly obvious oxymoron a definitional impossibility like two unique things.
If by universe you mean everything or the totality of all things then *By_Definition there can only be one so no uiverse_S(plural)which would be and is gibberish.If there can be more than one of whatever it is that you have in mind, whatever it is that you have in mind cannot possibly be the universe(which means everything) and*Obviously there is and can be only*One* eveything or universe.
Either that is obvious to you or you are suffering from some handicap or disability so perhaps just not bother with universals from here on in.
Universe means *Everything* Yo understand that? If so, jolly good; now it must surely be obvious you that there can be *Only_One* Everything. You can follow that I hope
The first time I heard Penrose talk about CCC I thought it was a beautiful idea. Its the most convincing hypothesis Ive heard about pre-big bang physics.
I love it, and equally love the quantum version of it that I've heard, which is basically that in the post heat-death universe there's no meaningful time, so you have the forever it takes to wait for all of the wave functions of the radiation drifting away to just so happen to spontaneously end up in the exact same location, making another big bang. I'm sure I've done a terrible job of explaining this idea, it's late at night and I've just heard of it somewhere random online I'm sure, not from one of these well explained videos, but the logic involving time becoming meaningless and then a new big bang therefore eventually happening is shared between the 2, even though this video's example uses relativity, and the one I'm butchering in this comment thinks in terms of quantum wave functions of probability density.
@@revenevan11 you haven’t fully done RUclips if you haven’t explained complex quantum theories at 2 am👌
Agreed, I think it's because it's the explanation that requires the least assumptions/is self contained. Multiverses are cool, but all they do is kick the can down the road.
@@chrism6315 yeah, that's the issue with inflation theory, it doesn't explain a lot of things and its based on a lot of assumption and un-tested theories, whereas CCC only relies on GR and quantum statistics..
So that we be like the Phoenix life and death or resurrection abilities , on a cosmic scale , but it would be a cause for it , nothing self destructs on it's on unless the source collapse , and there is a source
This may be the most confusing and abstract topic that I've ever felt like I really understood. The notion that massless particles don't experience time, so they also don't experience distance as they travel, was a real eye-opener.
You might be pleased to know that the term "lightlike interval" seems to have replaced an older term, "zero interval," based on at least one old-looking book saying that an interval can be either "timelike, spacelike, or zero." :D
@fynes leigh -- I'm being clear, that I believe, that you subscribe to EU.
@fynes leigh oh and ur some highly wise guy typing on youtube eh?
@fynes leigh im very curious about what you /do/ think is real, since you seem to think that atoms and particules are a belief
@fynes leigh science is not a belief system, it is only a method. Belief relies on trust, as science relies on evidence.
"That is not dead which can eternal lie. And with strange aeons even death may die." -H.P. Lovecraft
Awesome, apt, quote!
Hail Eris, All Hail Discordia.
What does "That is not dead which can eternal lie." mean and why does it seem written by a 10 year old with horrible grammar?
@@Hallowed_Ground The syntax is odd because it's poetry, and strict part-of-speech correctness takes a back seat to scansion. Written in prose, it would be "That which can lie eternally is not dead", but the rhythm of that phrase isn't as effective. It means that death is not static. A once-living thing undergoes decay or supports new life. One might even apply it to nonliving things, because even the very rocks are dynamic on the scale of millions or billions of years.
@@Hallowed_Ground Referencing an undead politician or a vampire lawyer. Aeons bringing to existance the perfect storm mutant that is the lawyer-politician.
"What protocols exist for protecting Earth from alien microbes?"
We can't even protect Earth from Earth microbes.
Isn't that kind of the point?
During the moon landings the astronauts were put in isolation upon return. That is the only protocol I know of on potential alien microbes.
One way travels
That is hurtful, but unfortunately true.
Simp
"In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and has been widely regarded as a bad move." - Douglas Adams
At least the Big Bang Burger Bar can make money off of it -_('-')_-
People complain that the ending didn’t do the characters justice, then they start a fan fiction page and demand a reboot, a prequel or a spin off.
@Astute Cingulus We biomedical engineers are working on the last question :3
Astute Cingulus We are not stupid..we are just on a early stage of evolution.
Massless Effect.
So, scrawled on the next universe is "Hi, my name is Ebony Dark'ness Dementia Raven Way..."
Everyone: We should not give 2020 any other ideas.
Matt O'Dowd : "I wonder, is it possible to be devoured by a black hole while bring blasted by a supernova and frozen by the heat death of the universe all at the same time?"
Expecting to have enough matter left that late in time...
On the other hand, the black hole might pull the blast from the supernova towards it, saving us. The following accretion then saves us from cooling out. Maybe one of the best possible situations in the late universe.
It's always been good to have impeccable timing.
mean, it would be really hard to be blasted by a supernova and freeze at the same time. I'm sure you could do it. I vote we change it to "I wonder, is it possible to be devoured by a black hole while receiving a lethal dose of neutrino radiation and frozen by the heat death of the universe all at the same time"
And..
That's Dr. Matt O'Dowd 🤣
Ahhh 2020 memes at least 2021 have been pretty normal so far and not a complete clown show like 2020 by Late March
My ex wife is expanding endlessly into a state of perfect cold and emptiness.
Just wait until you meet your next wife....
😂😂😂😂😂😂
Heyo!
Last time I saw my ex she was headed into a black hole.
Someone watching us would be saying "Oh wow, they figured out how the simulation works. Usually it happens in later stages. Oh well, too bad everything gets formatted at the end of every cycle."
It’s been obvious since 2016.
I guess the "messages" we can send to the next Aeon are side-channel effects like cache, TLB and branch predictor footprint.
@@wenqiweiabcd Haha Quantum mechanics probably has some exploit similar to Meltdown and Specter...
Watch the movies from 90s, the thirteenth floor and dark city which have similar concepts and are really awesome...
More like "hey, they figured it out already. Usually they only get it by 2052. Welp, time to format"
1:17 he called it outrageous not because he thinks its outrageous, but that he knew others would think it to be outrageous. I love all of Penrose's theories. They all seem so optimistic and beautiful. It reminds me of Anaximander's concept of the apeiron in which there was indefinite mass where thinks come from and went back into. He also defined things as being the opposites hot and cold. This reminds me of thermodynamics. Anyway, I think it was he who postulated that the Earth was created in some sort of vortex. Man the presocratics were so ahead of their time. This makes me feel that human intuition when deep and introspective is usually correct in postulating theories.
I wish you were right, but consider the extreme historical cherry picking here. Consider that vs the billions of crap hypotheses that spring up, utterly unanchored to evidential or mathematical reality.
@@djayjp I mean yes, but I am mainly referring to the presocratics and ancients that all explored similar areas. You also had the atomists.
Inter-universe graffiti is more likely to be "Smedjip was here" than anything from which we could benefit.
That's pretty much what I was thinking. "Great Minds", and all that, eh, mate?
Only if people keep voting Democrat.
@@OnideusMadHatter What message would a republican leave between universes?
@@illustriouschin "Orange man not bad"
@@illustriouschin - Well, assuming that Republican is me... probably information regarding the construction of quantum temporal computing systems. Computers capable of sending information back in time by a few nanoseconds. So the computer knows the answer to a calculation before it even performs it. Processing so over clocked your computer knows what you want before you even know you wanted it.
After the Universe is Universe 2-niverse: Electic Boogaloo-niverse
Good one
I see what you did there..... ;)
Che Burns travesty
The Universe part deux
This time it’s personal!
But Humans and Dinosaurs co-exist and get blazed together. We learn from the mistakes of this universe.
When it ends you get a giant “Insert coin to continue” across the sky.
New high score, enter the name of your civilization here '____'
😸
We watch it from the Restaurant at the end of the Universe. The Big Crunch. Douglas Adams knew.
The universe ends with the black screen of death, then an error message flashes up, then...."please enter into Safe Mode."
An empty space still has virtual particles, some of which experience time. Don't they count? Just like how Boltzmann Brains, can't clocks randomly appear? And in a large enough space, can't there always be more than one Boltzmann clock to measure time in an empty space?
Well you can't measure the position and velocity of a virtual particle at the same time, thus you cannot observe any meaningful data from it. Not to mention that you can't only not observe anything, but you also can't interact in any way. Virtual particles also require actual real particles in order to be "exist" at all, because virtual particles only pop up when observable particles get close together. They are emitted from one particle and absorbed by another, but they disappear before they can be measured.
Final message from the last universe: "Dude we did it! We managed to create another big bang! Ah yeah! And now we fade away into the void..."
can you imagine if we looked back through time and saw regular, repeating patterns scrawled in the CMB, patterns which break down into the letters "never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down" and a crude doodle of a middle finger?
I want to ask what the ultimate beginning was then, but I already know the answer, "it's turtles all the way down..."
Maybe the entirety of the cycle is itself a conformal cycle, so the beginning of the very beginning is itself the same as the end of the very end, so there was never a true beginning and never will be a true end
Ouroboros, all the way.
Unless they complete the true pacifist run and get to do a "true reset" lol or....genocide run. If that's more your thing hahaha
@@jaredprather8060 makes sense for light as the beginning and end is the same thing.
In the CCC model, the universe is past and future eternal. It just keeps going through these eons over and over: when all the black holes and particles have decayed into photons, it’s the literal end of time, which is a physically equivalent state to the early hot Big Bang (the beginning of time), which starts a new eon.
We'll probably get the message "Err_Connection_Timed_Out" xD
Man I love this channel. He had to look at his notes of screen but I can’t blame him. He’s simplifying a textbook on the meaning of everything.
Gotta love PBS space time.
"I'm about to give you the most outrageous hypothesis so far that may actually be right."
Me: Pause. "I'm gunna need some potato chips for this."
Potato chips 😉 right?! 💕
I can relate
Light Yagami returns.
nahhhhhhhhhh white cheddar popcorn
This reminds me of what Carl Sagan called "infinite regression" in his book "Cosmos" from the 1980s. I was a kid then, but I remember reading his book 4-5 times, and the last chapters of the book were the ones that really blew my mind.
I have Reade's the book 3 years ago and I didn't remember this part .
Perhaps I will look again
See the work of respected Sir Roger Penrose. He has re-postulated a kind of recursive cosmology. It may gain some ground. His proposition of cosmological "epochs" is somewhat testable, as well.
@@tylerdurden3153 I often like to go back to the old, original "Cosmos" and see what popular folk were saying about the universe at those ancient times. There is no mention of dark matter, dark energy, or dark flow for example. It's quite refreshing, and a must-see for those who want to understand the historical progression of pop-cosmological communications with the public.
Brian Hmm Infinite regression seems logically impossible, but do we know (enough) about what sort of logic pertains to the universe at its biggest scale? After all, logic at the quantum scale is different from that we experience in out daily life.
@@onehitpick9758 Actually I think you're getting, and giving a very distorted view. It's not like physicists were talking about Dark Energy that much earlier than the public. It was the Hubble Space Telescope's 2001 discovery of supernova 1997ff which provided evidence for Dark Energy. This development has little to do with "pop-cosmological communications"(and if it's legitimate science communication with the public, why are you calling it "pop"?). I'd add that the spread of the internet has everything to do with disseminating modern physics, and pre-internet Cosmos doesn't give much perspective on this at all. I think you're a bright person feeling a little insecure about understanding the physics and trying to compensate by making pronouncements about what we're getting on the receiving end. Note the term "pop-psychology" strongly implies inaccuracy and even deception, and creating terms like "pop-cosmological" has similar implications. Sagan would resent such a characterization. He was, and PBS Spacetime is, interested in disseminating accurate science and that term, and "popular folk", is denigrating what they are trying to do. Don't try to compensate for not being able to contribute directly, yourself.
Just hope we do not see....
"Goodbye and thanks for all the fish."
Written in the sky
Oh
I seem to be having difficulty with my lifestyle.
There won’t be a sky
the dolphins strike back
That was only at the end of the world. At the end of the universe there is milliways
This is amazing and I really find the CCC model extremely compelling for many reasons. It’s the key that got me thinking about a deeper probabilistic quantum reality based on information theory.
Go on now.... Give us the elevator pitch. Seriously though I'm curious.
@@djayjpit seems Sir Penrose’s life has been long. He personally attended many events. I believe he knew of Witten and others -very influential people who met and analyzed what the future might hold. I feel he topped it all.
@@brendawilliams8062 Not sure how comment is relevant.
@@djayjp He has personal experience of the infancy of many things that later on in time blossomed into many areas of mathematics and physics. I know from my own small accomplishment that tens float and pi stacks. He can take it from there and is most capable of knowing how to wrap that story up. It is simple , elegant and true.
@@brendawilliams8062 You need to read the OP's comment more carefully as well as my first comment. Hint: I responded to his last sentence.
"What Happens After the Universe Ends?"
Roll credits...?
In New York City, the Statue of Liberty contains a glass bowl at the base that displays a cartoon animation of the future. After thousands of years, the bowl has grown to the size of a small moon, containing the remains of an old civilization. Near the city's entrance is a statue of a young man gazing at a white rabbit. The animation appears to be a looping movie, with the rabbit spinning about its nest as the young man watches, thus representing the human relationship to natural laws. When the Earth is threatened with destruction, the image switches to a dark forest that leads to the city. A vase containing wine is topped by a sphere in the sky with a single bright star in the middle.
The Coffin meme guys come.
@@greytroll1632 Above the two stars is a garden in which, from a distance, humans can see. The spherical object is surrounded by a strange field that no earthly creatures can see through. And that field is being protected by a creature who only appears in the celestial spheres.
Flower's dream of a grand destruction is not realized. He disappears from the world he created when he was little. In the lucid dream, flowers come back. In them are a strong compulsion for Flower to participate in destruction and wish for that destruction to come true.
lobster mobster what you talking bout mate?
@@Mononoken In his own wake, the strongest remnants of Flower disappear and disappear into flower petals. His dream world becomes fragmented, far removed from the dream world from his previous life. Those memories of his past life become fragments that often get detached, from memory of the original. Dream branches from the main thread of Flower's nightmares and drift apart, left to their own in a maze in his dreams, where Flower never remembers being Flower. Although Flower does not seem to remember the dreams he has in his lucid dreams, he does occasionally believe himself to be the girl who committed suicide.
In his dreams, Flowers does not remember world as much as he does remembering his life in The Wild.
I started watching PBS space time 3 years ago in grade 8 and I've gone from understanding 2% of the video to 45% of it and I feel proud
Never stop learning!
Around about the same understanding a lot of the time I leave an episode only and then come back to it later and for some reason I start to understand more
I know what happens, a super computer/intelligence spends eons finding out how to reverse entropy, then even more eons to find the perfect way to flex his new abilities, and then the universe does a factory reboot. Boom.
I think I saw that Exurbia video.
Good luck building any computer using only massless particles :V
You can't make an intelligent computer.
Not enough data for a relevant answer
@@tobby12347 why?
I find it very difficult not to get nihilistic or even depressed after watching a couple of these (very informative and interesting!) videos in a row
Embrace the absurdity. Make your own meaning. Live a full life. That’s all you can do.
@@treysonmcgrady4750 That is a very good answer. Thank you and have a nice day
Personally I feel that Penrose and Einstein's theories make the most sense also compatible with each other.
That's not a coincidence. Penrose makes it clear in his writing that he takes a very negative view of anything that is in conflict with GR. So anything theorized by Penrose will be compatible with Einstein.
ruclips.net/video/i3NfYJS8MYo/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/i3NfYJS8MYo/видео.html
I just re-read Isaac Asimov's The Last Question a couple weeks ago. This gave me chills the idea is so close to that story.
I love it! ❤
I think the story was from Arthur C Clarke
@@wilvrolijk5834 It's definitely Asimov.
templatetraining.princeton.edu/sites/training/files/the_last_question_-_issac_asimov.pdf
OK, Google! Is there any way to reverse entropy in the universe?
@@wilvrolijk5834 You might be thinking of "The Nine Billion Names of God." That one was by Clarke.
It will end with a tribute to the publisher followed by a bloopers reel.
I'm sure somehow an ad for Skill Share will manage to make its way in there, it does with everything else
2020 will make that reel, I presume
Some personal philosophic conjecture:
When entropy gets the highest, it's actually the lowest, because when everything is the same, there is only one thing that exists.
uh, are you sure?
@@dosomestuff1949 As much as you can be with any personal philosophical conjecture, but I would love some counter arguments :)
@@Kitsudote im confused on how entropy can increase and decrease at the same time. It appears to me as if you've arrived at some sort of paradoxical contradiction, caused by a misunderstanding of what entropy is, ofcourse Im not sure myself as my understanding of entropy isnt very strong.
Actually Rogers point is not just about why the entropy of the universe was so low at the beginning. His point is that there is a paradox that nearly all physicists fail to recognise; how come the spectrum of the CMB precisely matches that expected by an object at MAXIMUm entropy, when the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy can only rise? CCC is Roger's attempt to resolve this paradox by showing how max and min entropy can be equivalent.
Ohh...this is very thought provoking. Go up ^
@@DanteKG. it's worth watching Roger Penrose lecture on the subject - get it from the man himself!
I don't think Penrose is suggesting that max and min entropy are equivalent - he is after all subscribing to information loss in a black hole! In this sense, he says that entropy is 'transcended', and all of the gravitational degrees of freedom are 'liberated', and that in a new aeon, the entropy of gravity is at a precise minimum, allowing the entropy of the other quantum forces to be at a maximum.
-
I love his lectures on RUclips, I think I've seen over a dozen of them! Do you think I have this idea correct? Each aeon truly starts at minimum entropy, and increases to a max at the end of black hole decay - this process eats the information in the massive particles, and thus eats their gravitational entropy... So the gravity entropy is reset every aeon, and the non-gravity entropy in a constant ebb-and-flow, generating particle mass and the arrow of time, each aeon.
-
But to your point, my impression of the Weyl curvature hypothesis is that Penrose & Tod & more suggest that the heat death and the big bang (the moments of maximumest and minimumest entropy) are physically equivalent - they 'become' entropic equivalents in the new aeon's matter genesis, the liminal moment of transcendence where the universe starts another heartbeat or breath. I really try to wrap my head around the 'transcendence' of entropy so let me know what you think!
@@zzztopspin I don't there is any such distinction between entropy and gravitational entropy - there is just entropy.
My understanding of CCC is that there is no mass at both the big bang, and also at the end, after all the black holes have evaporated due to hawking radiation, all matter has decayed.
Without mass, there are no clocks, there is no time experienced by the massless particles, and so, without time, there is no measurement of distance and you can rescale the universe conformally.
Such that "big and cold" universe can be seen as "small and hot" as a new Aeon begins.
@@JC-zw9vs How do we know that massless particles don't experience time? Or that they even lack mass? Is it something theorized or actually proven?
"What protocols exist for protecting Earth from alien microbes?"
We can't even protect Earth from Earth microbes.
There’s no such thing as a universally effective microbe, microscopic organisms must adapt to be effective in their environment, same as larger organisms. An organism adapted for an alien environment, like the inside of aliens species bodies, would have great difficulty adapting to a human body, and would be outcompeted by the microbes that had adapted specifically for that purpose, and the human immune system. Viruses that make the jump from animals to humans on earth tend to be from species that are (relatively) closely related to us, and only after humans have spent massive amounts of time around them, giving it a chance to evolve. An alien would be less related to us than the Trees are, and it’s diseases would be equally unlikely to make the jump to humans.
Basically the fear of alien microbes is largely based on a misunderstanding of microbial evolution. It’s not a process where something simply becomes “better” in a general sense, but rather a process of becoming better adapted to a specific environments. As such, alien microbes actually possess a distinct disadvantage over native ones, since they lack the billions of years of evolutionary arms race that has lead to viruses being so well adapted to their environment in the first place.
@@Wertsir covid19
@@helldronez Covid19 is a statement of the effectiveness of propaganda rather than our inability to handle diseases
Its called chinese virus
It almost sounds like we're in a cyclic age of Brahma from Carl Sagan's cosmos.
Hindu scriptures suggest that time is cyclical, instead of being linear like we believe it to be
nishant verma Hinduism confirmed atheists owned
@@mansamusa1743 Not really... since those atheists are mostly atheistic against the "god" of the abrahamic scripures abut indifferent or ingnorant towards transcendent gods. You just cant compare it...
@@jean-lucpicard581 I think more atheistic toward a "higher power," not really toward abrahamic scriptures. With that said more religion essentially arrive on the cyclical nature of time because death and rebirth is important to so many people.
Buddhists believe in a cyclical time without a soul, a creator or a intervening divinity, primordial or driving principle responsible for it.
I appreciate CCC, because i like the notion of eternal universe. I think though, that due to the energy conservation, contraction will replace the expansion at some point. I also suspect, the actual symmetry is self-similarity(instead of a conformal one) and the universe is somehow a fractal.
If you think about it for a moment the CCC is a fractal (since all a fractal really is is a never-ending pattern and the CCC is as never-ending pattern of big bangs and expansion), and since kinetic energy leads to a contraction in rest mass vs kinetic energy (making rest mass negligible) as it gets higher you have an inevitable state that would lead to a break down in the function of the Higgs field giving quantum particles mass leading to a massless universe which begins the big bang all over again so in a way the CCC leads to a form of contraction and expansion in a fractal system that doesn't needlessly break the conservation of energy as that energy carries on into the next Aeon leaving dark energy in its wake.
I'm not sure if I'm saying what I mean clearly enough but I hope so.
As far as I'm understanding it the CCC meets everything you think except the actual symmetry being self-similarity instead of conformal. I'm not quite sure what you mean by that but I find this whole thing very fascinating either way.
Energy conservation isn't valid on a cosmological scale, only on a local level
Any upcoming plans to talk about how CCC yields dark matter? I'm still eagerly awaiting that.
I spent time thinking of this a few years back when Dr Penrose first released a video on his Conformal Cyclic Cosmology. If his assumptions are correct re mass and particle stability the theory makes perfect sense to me. I thought his perspective was insightful. There is also an appealing symmetry to CCC.
I wonder if there will ever be insight into the fundamental source of the physical laws that must exist in order to drive the various cosmological theories - all the theories presume a pre-existing set of fundamental physical laws - I wonder if we can ever do better than what we already had about 2400 years ago eg Plato's Prime Mover or the Old Testament God of Creation? Can the Laws be said to exist without any life to experience them? How intricately entwined are the physical laws and the life that experiences them?
"Can the Laws be said to exist without any life to experience them?"
Of course they can. We can directly see the beginning of the universe via the CMB, and we can therefore know for certain that there was a time in the universe when there was nothing which could be alive. During that time, the universe was a thing, but there wasn't anything alive to see it. So a universe can exist perfectly well without any life.
@@radishpineapple74 if that was the case, why would there be any life at all. It just wouldn’t be necessary and seems like a super complex thing that has no reason to exist. Unless it’s reason is to confirm the existence of our universe.
@@DittyDafku why would things that exist need a reason?
They just need a cause. Not a purpose.
Assuming everything has a reason is already assuming god.
@@adarwinterdror7245 I understand you and it can be easy to fall into the trap of real meaning but everything in the universe can be traced back to it's original starting point. The Big Bang, everything after that is pure mathematics, for an example the location of our planet in the solar system, the location of our galaxy. In other word's, it can be calculated without randomness. Life is the only thing that can technically behave outside the bounds of this measured causality. We have by in large freedom of choice. Sure we have genetic tendencies to go after food and sleep but we can decide where to sleep or what food to eat.
A rock does not make decisions, nor does any matter in in the large scale. Of course quantum mechanics is sort of poking into this realm and we are not yet sure of the implications of that.
There could be some meaning in that. Otherwise there would only be entropy. However organic life is the only form of matter that seems to head towards evolution, increasing in complexity and efficiency instead of chaos and disorder. Just things I think about.
@@DittyDafku We all think about those things, though physicists are really not sure about weather we have free will or not.
And if quantum randomness is effecting our brains than it isnt "will". It's random. That's the point of the quantum mechanics - it's NOT determined by anything.
So we either dont have free will or our brains sometimes work randomly, which free-randomness.
But in either case - if you eliminate the effects of life on the universe (which is really less than a trillionth of a percent of the universe, which is completely meaningless) than you're left with almost 100% of will-free and purpose-free universe. so statistically, the universe has no meaning and no purpose. what is, is what it is and it isn't trying to achieve anything.
That's the only conclusion I personally come to.
Imagine if the message was "We apologize for the inconvenience".
Why is your comment on top
@@JohnSmith-if2bm literally
@@JohnSmith-if2bm because its funny. Not that you'd know what that is.
Yes Hitchhiker’s Guide reference 😂
Lol
The one thing I know about The End Of The Universe is that eventually Zarquon does indeed show up.
Only once though, which is weird.
It's been so long since I last read hitchhikers -
@@nopenope4502 It was Restaurant.
@@tomkerruish2982 Huh?
The book is "The resteraunt at the end of the universe" or the radio programme is episode... agh crap it I can't remember.
The series is "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a Trilogy of 5"
It's part of the hitchhikers series, if that's what you mean
@@nopenope4502 Yes, I was referring to the book. I've read that DNA was pleased that nearly every iteration was inconsistent with the others, with the (to him) annoying exception that the published radio scripts were consistent with the radio show itself. Definitely a frood who really knew where his towel was.
@@tomkerruish2982 lmao
Does this imply a sort of reincarnation as you experiencing conciousness is a non-zero probability and the amount of aeons the universe goes through is possibly infinite? This is assuming the initial conditions of following aeons are able to produce conciousness.
yes. it means buddhism is correct except for the moral component. morality is presumably the defiance of entropic forces which would represent chaos (antisocial/sociopathic behavior), and defying that chaos through cooperation and the creation of organization in harmony with nature (beauty) is what we humans understand as morality. if only we could all agree on what's right, we could take this to it's logical conclusion and see what the perfection of order in the most complex chemical environment in the goldilocks zone of the universe looks like. interesting stuff to think about.
@@Farvadude I'm not really following you with identifying morality with entropy. I think a far more useful definition of morality is the strive to maximize a preferred state of being (happiness) while simultaneously minimizing unpreferred states of being (suffering) in all moral agents. While you could argue that the adherence to these moral axioms could lead to some form of social order, morality and order are not in a valid conditional relation as both its inverse (if theres order, theres morality) and its contrapositive (if there is no order, there is no morality) dont have to be true. For example, you could form social order through immoral acts (think about a dictatorship)
I believe that there is afterworld where we all have another conscious being as seen on Earth. I believe that we all live on average 7-II decades (for most of the human population for sure) and then die and gradually become worm food. I also believe our universe will last about another centillion years before dark energy expands everything so far apart that energy can't slow down to form matter and our universe as we know it does from heat death &/or 'big-rip' where everything is spread apart you've got well over a Google distance in any direction of not a single quark and maybe a handful of elementary particles found anywhere between a billion and Googolplex light years in distance toward each other. No Galaxies no Star Systems or anything that involves plants among other celestial bodies orbiting their star could form here.
The time when we decode a message in the cosmic microwave background radiation from the last aeon and discover it was a cat video.
Loved this episode. Man, imagine finding gravitational waves from a previous universe. I don’t think we’d be able to handle that.
To me I don’t think time just stops 😑in fact when we all die it will feel as if the universe will fade into darkness forever 😐but the truth is we don’t know in fact we were all ready dead before we even came into this world in the first place 😑our experience in death will eventually be the same as if we did not exist in the first place 😑
Sir Roger Penrose: "I'm gonna start the Horizon Signal event chain! What was, will be; what will be, was."
The Worm: *happiness noises*
Happy stellaris noises
@@thegreyeyedcat9142 This cat gets it!
There's something very soothing in thinking about the ending of the universe.
There is. :)
Matt: Light does not experience the flow of time
My brain : AHHHHH
Here is something even more absurd: If our Space - Time was contracting by accelerating down within a super gravity well, wouldn't distant objects appear to move away from us at an accelerated pace?
And here is an other one for you: If the one universe of the ones you mention, was made predominantly of matter and the other one of anti-matter and they eventually collided under their gravitational attraction wouldn't you have a big bang? The idea being that given the sizes involved you would end up with a fizzle yield creating a highly energetic particle soup instead of total Matter-Antimatter eniolation, hence cyclic universes...
Is there any one out there in your scientific community considering things like that, or is it just good old me being that absurd?
When the universe ends, you'll play your preferred instrument around a camp fire and snack on marshmallows with your friends.
How long? For eternity? ...SUCKS!
This sounds great. I don't have friends and my favorite instrument is the female body.
I'm fine with that as long as there are no dogs.
When the universe ends, the monitor goes dark then a message pops up on the screen "Would you like to play a nice game of chess?".
listenatwork99 *Reveals a game of 3D chess*
4D chess.
"You can now play as Luigi"
Jason Lynch I was thinking this is from the perspective of a 4D creature (spatial dimensions), and our 3D universe is the simulation (I’m not including the time dimension). It doesn’t necessarily have to be that way, so 4D chess works too
2D vectoral chess for rippers, 1D chess for the crunchers.
that is seriously the craziest theory i have ever heard. this penrose guy is so imaginative. why havent more people heard of CCC?
I love how he talks so casually and fluently about things I simply can’t begin to wrap my brain around….
... don't worry ... "Talk is cheap".
😉
"Have you considered the possibility that you can't wrap your head around it because they are full of it?" -a flat earther, probably.
It’s not about difficulty, it’s more just knowledge. Think about how casually you can talk about the internet while someone from colonial times wouldn’t understand the first thing about computers. If given enough time they’d just as easily understand the internet as you, just as you can understand physics if you do the reading
You have to wrap your brain around it exponentially at equal dimensions at all sides.
@@demetergrasseater”the reading?” What reading lol
The message from the previous universe is: "The answer is 42."
What?
lol
@@ginyu5009 "What?" was the question.
"There is only one true parabola!" - Stand-up Maths
Just imagine if the universe was just one big message saying we weren't the first ones here.
So we will discover, somewhere, perhaps written in the CMB itself...... "FIRST!!!!"
What a depressing thought!😳
@@timbeaton5045 I think that the first message left this way would have faded long ago, since the universe would have existed for an arbitrarily (or infinitely) long time.
That’s all? All that just to say that we’re not alone. That would be a complete let down. I hope it’s something completely kind blows by that we can’t even comprehend.
I bet it's their entire history written in something we can't even recognize as a language. I wonder if pattern recognition would even work to try to find characters or symbols since we would basically have to guess what dimensions to restrict the potential character to, and what if it doesn't read linearly but spreading out from the center in multiple directions to form "words"
Astute Cingulus why ball message and not cubic message?
Ok this seems to me like a solid theory, why did you say at the beginning that it's probably incorrect
Wisdom is making him evolve until he looks one day like Jesus
Jesus could not of been white
The people saying "the universe is a simulation" are wrong. The universe is actually a reciprocating combustion chamber.
EDIT: I was being a smartass. My money's on Perpetual Inflation.
best analogy
Think it's more anyone that says "the universe is..." is completely full of themselves. Especially when trying to describe a truly mind bogglingly large universe when they can't be bothered to understand how the basic laws of physics around them actually work (see Ghost Hunter and it's following for how many fail at that).
...or a simulation of a reciprocat.... ;)
Exactly what a simulation would say !!
Nah mate it's a deep learning algorithm getting better every time
Cool shirt. "Heat death is coming"- House of Orion
Micro nova is coming... day side will be torched and the night side will see cosmic lightning and 5000 meter floods (like in the Bible...) Every star in Orion is too far away to make us die from heat...
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❤️ 💛 💚 18+ 82983.sweetloves.ru
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@@sdaniel9129 That's not what heat death means, squngus.
I wonder 😐it may be the end of the universe but what about the cosmos?😐also the universe explands into nothing in heat death Ok? Then how did the Big Bang formed in the first place ?😓and ok the inverse ends in heat death or vacuum decay ok then what 😐? A universe ends ok? It does not make since 😓if the universe were to end forever we would not be here and earth would not formed in the first place 😓
People: “Don’t do drugs kids!”
PBS space time: *equivalent to a meth*
mathematics not methamphetamine.
And meth is a chemical function structure not equivalent to methamphetamine.
Mathamphetamine
No it isn't
Ok mini boomer
Lyri Metacurl that’s right - methmatics
I'm so glad Sir Penrose's hypothesis is getting some acknowledgement.
I don’t know if I should be suffering from an existential crisis or be ecstatic with the joy of the possibility of an infinite eternal, beautiful universal.
@Big Meat Swangin' I don’t see that as being terrible. We don’t have to effect the next universe for it to beautiful that the universe will continue with cycles for eternity.
When will the universe ends? We don’t know 😐is it infinite or finite is it open flat or curved ? Any scientist would tell you it’s flat that it will extend forever leading to heat death and the entire cosmos formed 14 billion years ago 😐that may be however any real scientist would say….we don’t know
Wouldn't there be massive discontinuities in temperature from one aeon to the next? How could an exponentially expanding (and thereby cooling) universe all of a sudden reach Planck temperatures as it "big bangs" into another aeon? Or does temperature also experience a conformal rescaling in a cyclic universe as described?
Think about it: if scale (and time) is relative, then necessarily temperature (being a function of energy density) would be as well, in such a universe.
@@djayjp so all values would be scaled differently? Our cold is the next plank heat in the next aeon?
@@slim5816 Yes, that's my understanding anyway.
13:16 - This is starting to sound like what was meant to be a major season-arcing plot point in Stargate: Universe. One of the characters said that the Ancients had found a message embedded in the CMB. Shame the show got cancelled before we could see how that panned out. NB: It got cancelled in 2011, and this paper seems to be from 2013 ?
SGU could have been a great show, but the richness of its lore just couldn't outshine the cringe-worthiness of its characters. Both SG-1 and Atlantis had full casts of deeply nuanced characters with complex interpersonal dynamics, whereas virtually all the characters in SGU were little more than stereotypes with the personalities of cardboard cutouts. The few characters who actually possessed some redeemable qualities, such as Eli and Greer, remained perpetually enslaved by their flaws and never showed any promise of being able to overcome them. The crew of Destiny had the combined emotional maturity of a group of high school freshman, only capable of the most superficial relationships with one another.
I don't mean to rant, but SGU is just one of those tragic examples of wasted potential. The setting was perfect for what could have been a truly compelling narrative on the human condition at the farthest edges of the unknown, but what we got instead was the trivial melodrama of the terminally malajusted.
@@williamwesner4268 Yeah, SGU treated people as if everyone at every level acts like fast food or retail worker flunkies. You know the ones everyone hates to work with because they are so incredibly lazy that they make everyone else's job much more difficult. The other SG series treated the characters as what they were presented: people that kept pushing themselves to become the best in their field or close enough to it that they would be seriously considered for such a groundbreaking project. Eli is the only person on SGU that made any sense to be an average "gave up on life" kind of person but yet he's so much more developed than the other characters that make no sense at all to be like that; even he was held back by adherence that all people are like that.
10:55 Seems to me that this is explainable in terms of the anthropic principle; it's far more likely for life to occur in an infinite chain of universes than one that exists once and then burns out, no matter what the initial odds of a universe producing observers actually is, so from our existence we can conclude that all else being equal, we're more likely to be one of many universes (and this remains true even if only one exists at a time like this theory describes). Or think of it this way: Imagine a Random Omnipotent Being (R.O.B.) decides to flip a fair coin: On heads, it will proceed to roll a six sided die once, but on tails, it will roll a six sided die an infinite number of times. In either case, if the R.O.B. rolls a six, it will create a person, explain the situation and ask them to guess whether the coin had landed on heads or tails. What should you answer to have the best odds of being right? While the odds of the initial coin flip were even, it seems clear from either intuition or Bayes' theorem that since you exist, you should expect that the R.O.B.'s coin landed on tails.
@@weasel4915 no, it's more like saying if you flip a coin some unknow number of times and know that at some point it was heads at least once, it makes sense to say that the number of flips probably more than one
I still don't understand, if gravity is the curvature of space, then why are we still looking for a "graviton" to communicate the "force" of gravity? Space itself is communicating the force by warping, so no particle needed, right?
"For a beggining from nothingness, first you must understand that existence and nonexistence are the same thing."
Nothing comes from nothing, nothing ever could!
Deepity
@@adamplentl5588; Something like that, or the fool been listening to the drumpf gang at FOX
@@guynorth3277 You’re weird.
@@guynorth3277 we can’t comprehend the concept of nothing so technically your wrong
But the scale examples (from 2:37) are not correct when taking dark energy into account. On a smaller scale the photon's paths will cross, but on cosmic scales this may never happen, because dark energy will prevent them from ever coming close to each other. So even though they don't experience time, they will never traverse the universe from one side to the other.
Well ok but we’re still left with Plato’s first mover issue: how did the original universe start before the daisy chain? Or... is the daisy chain a closed loop so it’s like the snake that swallows it’s tail. Talk about mind bending! 😜
Could just be a cycle that’s always been.
@@larjkok1184 that feels a bit like a cop out answer. I'm not meaning this as a personal attack or expecting you to have an answer, it just feels like a response of "we don't know what it is so it just might not exist"
yeah how did the very first one came to be?
I mean, if the universes all have the same total energy, then there are only so many (a lot but not infinite) different arrangements of particles and waves that can describe the entire story of that aeon. This means that there will, at some point, be a sequence of universes. Some even repeating given there can only be so many. There might not be a nice periodic sequence such as "the current universe happens every 10^50 cycles" but maybe a random one given the non deterministic nature of reality. I guess that counts as the snake you are referring to in some way...
Maybe we have to look at the bootstrap paradox?
When the universe reaches maximum entropy, a sudden entropy dip could mean all remaining and surviving existing matter or antimatter could converge on a single point, forming a singularity. This singularity would be a proto-universe and would expand to form a new universe. This means that existance is always in a state of rebirth, since there is no reason why all the matter SHOULDN'T converge unto a single point. If there is a dip in entropy, a new big bang could happen.
TL;DR
According to entropy, the universe is in a cycle of rebirth, as all particles could just converge on a single point, resulting in a big bang.
I wish Schoolhouse Rock were still around to turn this into a catchy tune.
I think this one would be called the end of the universal road
It would be jazzy rock
End User It can be accessed by typing the exploration label. I do have that connection and forwarded to many school websites.
Disney+ would buy it immediately
I'm glad it's not.
@@ninefingerjack while you typed Disney bought you
“Oh! No! Not again!” - a pot of petunias
Arthur Dent, the accidental serial killer.
@@MichaelCoombes776 Techinqually he isn't a serial killer since it was only one actual being he killed... wait, do reincarnations count as a single being?
Okay I'm going to go reread hitchhikers and think about that