Loss of taste and smell after a viral infection?
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- Опубликовано: 8 фев 2025
- Taste and smell require certain genes in order to function properly.
If these genes are dirty, then your ability to taste and smell is adversely affected.
Smell requires the gene carbonic anhydrase in order to function. This gene makes the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Zinc is needed for the carbonic anhydrase enzyme to function. If zinc levels are low, then carbonic anhydrase doesn't work.
Zinc is in high demand by your immune system. Zinc will be pulled away from lower priority systems in order to protect you.
Replenish your zinc levels in order to support your carbonic anhydrase enzyme.
Many people been telling me they've been using zinc for months without any benefit.
Using the right zinc is important - and the right delivery type.
If you're using a zinc tablet, forget it. It's garbage.
You need a capsule, liquid or lozenge.
The form of zinc is also very important. Zinc bisglycinate chelate is a very gentle and well-absorbed form of zinc.
Zinc Lozenges by Seeking Health provide 15 mg of zinc bisglycinate per lozenge. To use, bite once and then allow to slowly dissolve in your mouth.
Where to buy supportive nutrients:
Zinc Lozenge
www.seekinghea...
Vitamin A Drops
www.seekinghea...
Alpha R Lipoic Acid
www.seekinghea...
Research:
pubmed.ncbi.nl...
onlinelibrary....
I lost my smell the end of 2021 after getting Covid. I am just now starting to smell things again. I will increase my zinc! Thank you for the post!
Ok I was skeptical but desperate. No taste or smell for over 6 weeks. And OMG - this stuff works. I could taste my coffee this morning - it’s a miracle. And man…I really really missed tasting coffee. 😆 Thank you!!!
I am having improvement too!
Great to hear! Awesome! How were you taking it?
I am dissolving Zinc lozenges bit in half on my tongue 3X a day and 1 drop of Vitamin A in each nostril in the morning 👍
What all did you take?
Can you say what you did exactly and how long it took to see the results
Thanks. I lost smell only during my recent viral infection, and did not know why except that it is common in this sickness. It was for about 1-2 weeks, and during that time I focused on high doses of D3, C, zinc (I only had tablets at the time), elderberry, and multivitamins. Another treatment I used that seemed to help a lot was alternating hot/ cold (3 min / 30-45 sec) in the shower for immune boosting and circulation improvement, and I specifically targeted my nasal and face when I lost my smell. I was deeply thankful to get the smell back. Appreciate much these resources and information as my hubby still has impaired or lack of taste and smell now 4 months post his quarantine from the virus. Would like to see him regain his smell and taste fully.
I lost my smell and taste months ago, what I thought was just a cold, I am assuming was covid. I am a chef and this has been devastating for me. I received my zinc and Vit A and am going to start this today. Hopefully it will help restore something, any small change I will be grateful for at this point. Thank you so much for the research and information.
What would help with a loss of hearing after COVID-19?
If be interested to hear if the zinc and vitamin A work for you.
@@PoopaJEM Hi Jenny, it's been about two weeks now and I am definitely having improvement to my taste and smell. I can fully taste certain things now, like fruit, honeydew, canteloupe, watermelon, grapes, etc. I tasted ketchup the other day. Some things that I could not taste at all before have a taste of ALMOST being there, if that makes sense. Like it is on the border of fully tasting it though right now, it has a hint of taste and an underlying minor sweet taste to it. I still can not smell or taste onion or garlic, cooking and eating, which I thought would come back first because it is a strong taste and smell, but none yet. Though I could taste ketchup, I could not taste marinara sauce which is predominantly tomatoes, so I thought that was strange. Vinegar seems to be a taste booster. I did smell a neighbor's fireplace burning and that was new too. I can honestly say things are improving and I am going to stay on this course for as long as it takes. I hope this helped you.
@@janetkelleher5581 thank you!
@@janetkelleher5581, I’m not sure you’ll see this but there’s a naturopath named Dr. Cori Stern on RUclips, she had a guest, Dr. Kevin Ross that developed a technique that seems to help, I’ve had smell issues for quite some time now and it does seem to help a bit, worth a try, hope this info helps someone…
Try Airborne. It’s an effervescent tablet dissolved in water and has A and Zinc in it among other vitamins. Seem to help me get my taste and smell back
Thanks Dr Ben, I lost my smell Christmas 2021 after I got Covid. I am just now starting to smell again. I will up my zinc intake!
Added both the zinc and the vit A to our seeking health order today
You are the best Ben. I have learned so much from you.
NICE TO SEE YOU ARE MAKING VIDEOS AGAIN ....
Currently taking a Zinc complex with Copper, day four. Taste & smell is still compromised. Zinc is 39mg, I will find the Zinc lozenges and up my daily intake. Thank you Dr. Ben! Really appreciate your help
From everything I’ve seen you don’t want the zinc and copper together, maybe one in the morning and one in the evening, I take it maybe once or twice a week since it’s easy to take too much, maybe something to look into…
Omega 3s. And lithium orotate shockingly. Try it 😊
That was interesting! Thank you for your information! My son is still missing his taste after 6 months. I will share this information with him!
Glad it was helpful!
Wow!! This was so interesting and good! Thank you for sharing! 🥳
I’m so glad I found your channel I just ordered your book after discovering you thank you for sharing you knowledge
Is anyone ever going to talk about people like me, who have lived in two ground zeros (Los Angeles and Florida) and still haven't gotten COVID yet? Serious question.
80% of people are asymptomatic apparently. It's because the NK cells are the body's first line of defense. Your NK cells are on fire :) Well done!
@@DrBenLynch I got sick at the end of October. Not giving it a name, don't care to. However, I have always had the BEST smelling in our household and was always then one complaining about smells. I still don't have it fully back and my 20 year old daughter doesn’t either, but what you said have me very concerned. I tried the links about vit A and zinc, but they don't work. I feel like I have tried burnt oranges, homeopathic, EO, smelling all the foods cooked in our house etc, but it seems very temporarily to work. I can smell toxic laundry soap from neighbors in other houses. I have a suspicious feeling it is caused by some people as I believe this is not natural. I have never felt this way before. Just got something else, but threw the kitchen sink at it, lol, and i am already better just a few days later. I also know they have sprayed our skies a lot and I do spend a lot of time outside. Thank you for all the work you do!!
I lost taste and smell after having covid but it returned in about 2-3 weeks. At times I wish it wouldn’t have though bcuz there’s a disgusting smell that I can’t even describe now a lot of the time and along with that smell is an equally disgusting taste now when I eat certain things. I can’t even eat sour cream anymore, it’s beyond disgusting and I used to love it! I wonder if zinc and vitamin a would help get rid of this new dreadful smell and taste?……….
It's called Parosmia and it's awful!!! I hope doctors start taking these conditions more seriously. I belong to groups on FB and there are some people that have had this for over 2 years and are not getting any help from their doctor. Some are becoming so nutrient deficient and suicidal and are just told to keep giving it time. :(
How much zinc for kids 4 and up? You started to say but I didn’t catch it. I replayed it but didn’t hear that part.
Regarding vitamin A drops, I watched a video in early 2020 from you that said to take one drop a day for three days then stop. That was for sickness. How long do we do the 2 drops (10,000) orally for the anosmia? Just till it resolves? I’ve heard you teach us that we can build up toxic amounts of A so I am confused. Thank you Dr Lynch! @DrBenLynch
Much appreciated! I am going to give this method a try.
just got the nac, pqq, zinc etc from your site - thank you!
Ordered PQQ after seeing your posts and videos about loss of taste/smell post C****. My sense of smell started to return the same day I started taking it! THANK YOU!
Thank you - hope your eye gets better soon!
Gracias Dr Ben!! Bendiciones desde México.
I watched this video after seeing a post of yours on Instagram that also mentioned PPQ. I'm looking into this for someone who has been without smell and taste for 13 moths post covid, and that was their only symptom.
Yes - it's common. The zinc, vitamin A and PQQ trio seems to be helping a lot of people based on feedback. Not all - but many. It may just need more time for those it hasn't helped yet or they're deficient in something else as well like glutathione
@@DrBenLynch thank you!
@@DrBenLynch i also bought the trio - I learned a lot on this video on how to take zinc and vitamin A . How should I take the PQQ lozenges - anything special I should know ? Thanks
I remember when Zicam came out and people were saying they were losing their sense of smell.
What is the shelf life of these? I didn't find that on your website.
Appreciate all your videos please continue as often as you can. I enjoy your style.
I have your book & waiting for my DNA map. I haven't been able to see a doctor going on 3 yrs due to covid!
our supplements either have EXP date on the bottom or MFG date (manufactured on). If MFG date, they are currently going through stability testing. Most are 2 years post MFG date.
I had what was called the chinese flu in LA in 1985. I didn't realize I had lost my sense of smell until about a decade later, I smelled sweet freshly cut grass. I only smelled it for about ten seconds and it left. Now, my sense of smell has improved to about a fifth of what it was before. I think it is related to nutrients I take at various times. I'm not sure which one(s). I know it is not zinc, because I've taken bottles of it and it has no effect.
I just read the description so I will try that form of zinc.
Last week Tue -Fri, I was in so much pain and in bed for 3 days. Body aches muscles bones joints ran low grade fever. Started feeling better just really tired then Tuesday this week I lost my taste and smell still extremely lethargic. If something has salt in it oh boy, it is superduper salty. Thank you
I also had the same last week for four days. Then I lost smell and taste. Yes, it's the salt I taste.
Both descriptions fit my experience. Lost sense of smell first, two days after couldn’t taste much BUT I ATE A CLAW OF RAW GARLIC! In 24 hours my sense of TASTE returned! The smell only a tiny fraction. It has been 4 weeks since I had my ever first positive LFT and PCR test and everyone in the house like dominoes caught it too. My sense is smell I would class as back to 65%? So, some smells I still can’t discern. Others returned! Especially the sweetness in perfumes is back. Beginning to smell the cat litter too! Yikes!-BUT HAPPY FOR IT 😆
So, not sure if garlic had anything to do with an almost immediate effect of the sense of taste, because I repeated the procedure and ate the next day and the day after a garlic “tooth”.
@@isabelriquelme7029 great idea I have claw of garlic.
@@marshared how did it go? Recovered? at least a bit?
@@isabelriquelme7029 Yes, I have completely recovered. Ty 🙏
I lost my taste and smell with the virus. It came back weeks later, however after that, and months later I am constantly smelling spoiled milk. It's the weirdest thing. I looked it up and found others complaining of the same thing post virus. The fresh air outside has a hint of spoiled milk and so does anything that has a citrus smell. It's awful! And no one else notices it and they think I am crazy. It makes me gag. What would cause that??
Ok this is the closest to what I’m going through
@Kimberly Mcdonald there is a name for it!!!! Thank you!!!
@@randyhall380Parosmia
Dr Lynch - What are your thoughts about strange tastes? My sister is just recovering from covid, she’s been taking vitamin c, zinc, vitamin D, quercetin and I had her add NAC on day 6 because she mentioned her breathing (with a mask, living in NY) was difficult. She’s now experiencing that her food tastes like Ammonia… what more can we do to fix support her body for this issue?
I have been getting the same weird taste too
Same for me, ammonia
interesting. I'm not sure. Ammonia metabolism is very mitochondrial based so perhaps PQQ Lozenge and Alpha Ketoglutarate would be helpful.
@@DrBenLynch thank you! It has seemed to resolve just a day or two after my question
@@mikeandnicolle6610 Dr Ben said to try PQQ and AKG
Dr Ben, thanks a lot once more for your information on everything! Been a follower on FB, and just learnt from your last video there on this topic of loss of senses of taste and smell that you have been shadobanned. YT has joined the list too of the likes of Twitter and FB so I joined Gettr! It’s better :-) Join is there and let’s us know to follow you on a FREE to speak platform without being banned nor restricted!
With regards to anosmia being a warning of the early onset of dementia as I understood from the video, will REVERSING ANOSMIA imply there will be a delay or possibly no dementia trouble for the individual?
I'd say reversing anosmia SUPPORTS the health of your brain and is a good sign of a healthier brain. There are many reasons for dementia. Research does show though that loss of smell is a big early sign of dementia - so by keeping smell intact, that's great.
Thank you for this info! I’ve had some success recovering taste/smell drinking tonic water with quinine (6 ounces/ day for a few days), but the effect has been temporarily. Had the RonaGiftThatKeepsGiving twice in 2020 and have had lost/impaired/distorted taste and smell ever since. I will try your suggestions!
Sounds great!
I got it in nov 2020 and my smell and taste have been under 50% and more so closer to zero. There have been a few days where it was back close to 50%... but sadly its always zero or 5%. I just given up. Its sept 2023... and still no smell or taste. Finally decided to start seeking for remedies again. I'll have to see if this is in my budget range... if it is . Id definitely give it a try.
Thank you dr lynch! Please can you also recommend a post viral supplements for lingering covid symptoms?
sauna! www.seekinghealth.com/pages/how-to-sauna
My taste and smell haven't been right since mid August 2021. I smell things, but not correctly. Toothpaste, oranges, deodorant, and exhaust fumes all smell the same. I hope this helps.
Same with me
What would help with phantosmia? I have phantom smoke smell after getting the covid booster shot and it's debilitating. Would glutathione help at al? Zinc? I am desperate. UPDATE: what's working for me is neti pot nasal rinses, glutathione, zinc lozenges and Vitamin A.
I'd try this yes - and PQQ Lozenge.
@@DrBenLynch do you think alpha lipoic acid would be better to take than glutathione?
10 weeks ago i had a viral infection and now i can't smell or taste and still on going 😢😢 hate it now
How much vitamin A and how much PPQ. And for how long?
Starting my Vitamin A drops and zinc lozenges today. Fingers crossed, it’s been almost a year since my senses have been gone/off
how's it going?
I purchased your vitamin A, zinc lozenges and the PQQ lozenges .
I put a drop of vitamin A inside my nose - waited as long as I could to blow my nose . Once I blew my nose it took a while to stop . How long should one wait to blow their nose and is it normal to be sneezing and blowing their nose for a while after you add the drops to your nose ? Also would me blowing my nose eat the purpose of putting it inside your nose ? I am afraid I am blowing it out
What about smell/taste distorsion (parosmia)? Some things taste/smell like spoiled, other things just taste/smell weird and annoying :( (10 months after infection)
6 months for me. No one understands. This sounds like my issues
@@mikanveal on Instagram he said the same 2 supplements his talking about should help us :) having distorted smell/taste seems to be like the middle step between no smell/taste and recovery
I’ve also been struggling with bizarre tastes and smells. Had nothing for 5 months, have done the Zinc, 10,000iu intranasal Vit A, colloidal silver, quercetin, liposomal C and glutathione, ALA. Now I have a little smell and taste but only a few things but it’s totally wrong…like totally and utterly off and things I love taste horrendous yet things that usually smell terrible now taste sweet. Essential oils are totally mixed up. It’s horrible. Nuts and chocolate taste the worst.
6 months for me. i swear its getting worse
@@mariemock8677 there’s a naturopath on RUclips named Dr. Cori Sterns, she had a guest on named Dr. Kevin Ross and he created a technique that can help people with their loss of smell but also the ones who their smell has gone ‘wrong’, maybe it’ll help you, I’ve noticed some benefit myself…
Update: they aren't doing a study in England. No money and constant delays.
not surprising.
Lost my taste and smell for about a day whenI had the bug last year. I do take zinc regularly.
Can't get Seeking Health Vit. A drops, not available. Any other brand you recommend?
I didn't understand what made you reach the conclusion zinc tablets are "worthless", or that some of us don't absorb them, but that this chewable zinc will do better, by absorbing in the mouth? I have looked up zinc sublingual absorption, and found very inconsistent data on their bioavailability. in some cases it seems like they don't reach beyond the mouth at all. so I'm wondering, where are those assumptions that - it is needed for starters, and that this works for that, and is the solution? do you have any research to back this up? or is this merely from giving it to patients? because honestly, if this is not based on research, then the fact it does not give the known nausea might actually be another indication that it is actually absorbing less than the tablet. I'm not trying to put you down, and I love the idea behind Strategen, and all for your initiative. just want to know if this is zinc lozenge absorbs better than tablets theory is backed up.
Hi Jonathan - tablets generally are worthless especially if the supplement company does not do dissolution testing. Manufacturing tablets is a high heat, high compression operation. While the high heat won't impact zinc, the high compression may impact its dissolution. There are a ton of crappy supplement companies out there - and there are a number of quality ones. If people are not getting success by using zinc, then it may not be a zinc deficiency or it may be because their zinc supplement is garbage. One study I read, don't remember which one now, stated that the reason zinc lozenges work so well is that the zinc coats the entire area of the mouth vs just hitting the stomach and getting into the blood. The forms of zinc also matter. The form of zinc we use in our Zinc Lozenges is very well absorbed and well tolerated. here is some research on various zinc forms - which zinc oxide is trash. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901420/
There are liquid zincs that are pretty good - and ionic zincs. Zinc sulfate is commonly used in liquid forms which isn't as good but it's what is most stable in liquid form.
@@DrBenLynch what about a capsule of zinc, you know, one of those that has powder inside? why not do that?
How about sovereign silver nasal spray? any benefits in using it?
not sure. it's likely antimicrobial - but not restorative of nutrients.
Dr Lynch. - I don’t know if you can help I did watch your other video I loss of smell. I lost my smell during C about three months ago for about two weeks. I am again post C three months but now I have a weird smell kind of like smoke ammonia not even sure how to describe it that I can’t get rid of I don’t know if it’s a supplement I’m taking that’s causing it. I recently have been taking your liposomal vitamin C I take vitamin D with K2 drops quercetin zinc and it’s only been the last couple weeks and I’m the only person smelling it in my home have you heard of anything else like this happening after the C virus
What’s the copper zinc ratio?
Any thoughts on niacin?
please type the name of the zinc I lost my taste and smell too
He has mentioned in the video. It is zinc bisglycinate
Thank you for video Dr. I’ve been recovering from cold ( must have been bronchitis) it’s still in my chest.
When I noticed no smell no taste,.. was truly shocking discovery
As follow up it’s now 7 days and sometimes I get a glimpse of a taste but it’s like a tease,, for a second I get a taste
Any update? Any improvement?
Still not back with my smell completely after a month free from my COVID illness.
I’m 4 months the only thing I’m dealing with is my smell and taste not being all the way there and that’s it and my mental health has taken an hit because of this bull crap I want my smell fully back not this half way crap
I’ve been taking 30mg of zinc chelate Albion TRAACS in my multi daily. I took more since during covid. I can’t smell or taste since Halloween 2021. Is it too much zinc? I take 450mcg of copper chelate.
I'd consider PQQ Lozenge. And make sure your multi is NOT A TABLET. if a tablet, you may not get any of the minerals. Need capsules or lozenges for zinc - or liquid.
Is the seeking health zinc chewable fine? Found it on Amazon
Hey Dr Ben, I have a lovely friend who has autoimmune hepatitis and so on immune suppressants. She now has the C and is pretty unwell. She is taking all the recommended things but of course they help her immune system to beat the virus....hence her meds are cancelling out any good she is doing. She is needing some help but of course NOONE can help her. :( Please give some suggestions...will taking vitamin A or more zinc be counter active?
Try omega 3s, like fish oil, and lithium orotate. Its nerve damage, so whatever fixes nerve damage will help. Lithium is needed to transport B12. Lithium is antiviral too. I have a video on it.
You stated how much zinc, but how much zinc during the Covid infection? Shouldn’t it be more like maybe taking the daily dose every two hours or so? Dr Ben Lynch
yes - zinc during current infection needs to be frequent - every couple hours or so. then once infection is gone, stop using it. be sure to eat copper rich foods or supplement with a multivitamin/mineral that has sufficient copper.
So would you say to take zinc lonzeges with elderberry or quercitine instead of tablets?
just make sure to use a liquid zinc or zinc lozenge or zinc capsule. avoid zinc tablets.
@@DrBenLynch ok thanks!
Will this also work after a sinus cold approximately in 2015-2016. ENT prescribed steroids. Testing thereafter showed no loss of smell and only partial return of taste. I have taken zinc in capsule form, but still no full return.
Dr. Lynch, when you say one drop do you mean one drop or one dropper full? Your demonstration looked like a dropper (or half dropper) full, not a drop. Just want to make sure I understand how much you are recommending. I have only recently started having my senses of taste and smell return and it is inconsistent and minimal. It's been over a year.
One drop is about 5,000 iu of vitamin A - so ONE DROP. 10,000 iu is 2 drops. If you happen to get headaches from vitamin A, it could mean that your vitamin D levels are too low. Stop the vitamin A in that case and supplement with vitamin D until it gets to a healthy level. Then restart vitamin A.
@@DrBenLynch Thank you!
14 months of really no taste smells are off
Is PQQ safe to take for people with hypothyroidism - regulated with meds - and Graves disease?
yes
Hello! So I had covid in October 2021 and lost my taste and smell completely. After I recovered and regained it I had it back for around 2-3 months. Then out of LITERALLY no where I started experiencing something called parosmia (distorted taste and smell, everything is rotten). I saw a tiktok and this girl recommended PQQ and zinc lozenges that almost completely cured her parosmia. I just purchased them and today is my day one. Will this potentially work for my parosmia?
Did PQQ & zinc work? I’ve been having distorted smell & taste as well post CV. I never lost my smell & taste just have distorted smell & taste now.
@@Trinityproductions777 I did not see a difference but I only used them for about a month. I saw the most progress with alpha lipoic acid
@@kailynn7312 thanks so much for the response! Will give that a try 😊
How many drops of vitamin A per day would you recommend for a 9 year old with post Covid anosmia?
1 drops - for a week or two then stop. I'd also consider PQQ Lozenge and 1/2 a Zinc Lozenge for a couple weeks.
@@DrBenLynch thank you so much!
I only lost smell, not taste. Smell finally came back, but not "normal". At first, everything smelled like cigarettes, eventually, smell has morphed a different "unusual" smell that I haven't been able to identify. I can smell normal smells again, but the hyper-sensitive unusual smell is still there, periodically. I do take zinc. Any other suggestions?
Omega 3s, Lithium orotate. I have a video on it.
Can someone please detail the directions... including the now PQQ??
It's individualized for many reasons. The Zinc Lozenge is used at least once a day and upwards of 3 times a day. Bite it once and let is dissolve SLOWLY in your mouth. Best after some food as zinc may increase nausea. The vitamin A: research says 10,000 iu a day in each nostril. I say talk with your doctor about that. One may consider taking 10,000 iu a day orally if not pregnant. The PQQ Lozenge you'd take 1-3 times a day. Be sure to balance the zinc with copper containing foods or supplements.
Hello mate. When you say one drop. Do you refer to one dropper full or one drop such a singular drop? Appreciate your help!
One drop, it’s very concentrated, one thing you don’t want is too much vit A, that’s why it’s important to keep the kids away from it… if you were to eat polar bear liver you’d die from A toxicity…
@@randomcole619 thank you for the information. Have a great day!
I was taking ionic zinc regularly then I got sick. It’s been a year with no taste or smell.
Have you got your smell n taste back... I'm a Month with no smell or taste .. from a upper respiratory infection..
@@MichelleHall-lg3xy no. Taste is still off and no smell. 16 months now.
What about someone who lost most taste and smell and only smell close to then nose
Most of the flavors we taste is mostly from our nose so if you lose like half of it it’s going to have a effect on you
How much copper should we be getting to balance the Zinc?
there are various 'ratios' out there that talk about zinc:copper balance. Remember that you're getting zinc and copper from food and other supplements - so there's no real way to nail it down. Just be mindful to eat more copper containing foods and have some supplements with copper and you'll be good. If there is real concern, you can have your doctor test RBC copper and RBC zinc.
@@DrBenLynch thank you so much! I appreciate all your do!
How do I find out if my loss of taste/smell postcovid is due to too much zinc (took for a month when really sick) or zinc depletion?
possibly a RBC zinc test. and do a Copper test as well.
I'm working on bringing back my sense of smell and taste. Will follow the protocols. I've moved to Nicaragua, any idea how to receive your products down here, lots of conscious people here.
Also Ben, can I seek your opinion on choosing a Sunflower phospholipid as your carrier for the Vitamin A, when we are always directed to steer away from these types of oils.
Thank you!
Carisa why parts of Nicuragua? I’ve been hearing many moving there to fall of grid and be with like minded people
Did you recover you smell by now? Thanks
Any concerns of lisinopril and PQQ?
nope - that is fine.
0:44 : His eye is OK
Finger mail ?
What about hearing loss? Same advise? Thank you🙏
Nice play China….take away smell and taste from Americans who live to eat lol
😅
You mean breast feeding ladies not folks
it has nothing to do with "dirty genes", that is just a side effect of toxic load, genes adapt and they re adapt to their presets, if you reduce the load on the body. It has everything to do with your recirculating toxic metal load. FB friend me and read every post, every comment, FB name: Chris Jackson (photo of Adm. Byrd)