Nagiging mas interesting ang pagGawa ng research paper dahil sa inyo ma'am😊💪, Hindi siya nakakalito den tagalog pa gamit mo kaya mas lalo namin naiintndhan, Thank God nag Exist ka sa RUclips ma'am....such a Big help sa part namin, God bless ma'am!. More learnings to come❤️💐
"Crystal Clear Content" thank you so much po Mam Ana sa lahat ng mga content videos po na inyong ginagawa, thank you for imparting your knowledge and experiences po. You truly brought us the beauty of Research! Salamuch po you're such God's Great INSTRUMENT FOR RESEARCH☺️
Maraming salamat po mam! Nakapalaking tulong po ng mga impormasyon na binabahagi niyo po sa mga katulad kong estudyante. Nakapaayos rin po at malinaw po yung tinatalakay niyo sa bawat paksa. Sana e mas marami pang guro na katulad niyo po. Maraming salamat po! Mabuhay po kayo Mam!
Welcome po, keep watching our videos and pls share our channel to your classmates. Salamat ❤ This message inspires me to continue my job of assisting you, the student-researchers in your research journey. 🥺
Thank you so much Ma'am! Nakakaintimidate po talaga para sakin ang research subject namin. Laking tulong po ng mga videos niyo dahil clear and concise po kayo magexplain 😄
Thank you so much ma'am. Super na pi pressure ako sa research namin but when im watching all of our video its really helpful to me. Im also share your video to my groupmates.🤗♥️
thank you so much ma'am! Dahil sa mga video nyo po nalelessen yung hirap sa pag gawa ng thesis namin. Thank you so muuuch ma'am!! More power and God bless.
Thank you so much ma'am Ana for sharing your knowledge and expertise in Research it helps alot hindi lang sa may natutunan ako but natuwa rin ako ma'am especially sa adlib mo hehehe thank you again and again po keep safe god bless you💖
Welcome po and thank you sa pag-appreciate sa mga videos natin! Im happy na natutuwa ka sa mga adlibs hehe, para po un di tayo masyadong serious at di tayo ma-stress sa research kaya may mga ganun hehe 😂😁
Thank you so much ma'am for this video. Pati yung prof ko sinabi ring magcopy paste kami sa internet kasi hindi pa naman kami batikan sa research para gumawa ng sarili naming questionnaire.
Hello ma'am, first of all thank you for sharing your knowledge ma'am. You really help us to lessen our stress in making our thesis po. But, I am hoping ma'am na gumawa ka din ng video about IMRaD Format po kase yan po nirecommend samin if gagawa kami ng research proposal. Thank you so much, God bless po, and stay generous 🤍
Hello Ma'am Ana. Bago lang po ako sa Channel ninyo, ngayong gabi lang po ako nagsubscrib pero ang dami ko na napanood at natutunan po na maisheshare ko sa iba. Hoping po na magkaroon po PART 2 yung Case Study. At about po sa mga Experimental Reswarch. Thankyou po. More power. God bless you Ma'am! ❤🥰😇
@@anaph Ma'am Ana, you are exemplary in the way you teach, I learned a lot! 👏💯!! Btw, please, what's the main difference between a Masteral Thesis and a Doctoral Dissertation? Do they both use the same concepts and methods you taught us in your Research videos? 🙏😊
@@anaph Thank you Ma'am Ana for enlightening me regarding that! It could be a platform for another set of Videos! Kahit isang vlog lang muna please, differentiating the Thesis vis-a-vis the Dissertation 🙏
Hi maam thank you so much po Sa mga video nyo I learn a lot and I won the contest life science individual category proposal post sya I'm a grade9 student and I hope madami pang new researcher ang matuto po Sainyo thankyou po keep it up ma'am
Also ang hirap po pagsa write ups lalo na individual struggle is real but when I watch ur videos and other research defense tips videos kalmado Napo HAHAHA
Thank you po. Gusto ko pong matuto kung pano gawin ang documentary analysis for my thesis. baka po magawan nyo rin ng video how to go about it. ang processo, procedures, at mga protocols considering irerequest po ang mga necessary documents. Salamat maam Ana marami po akong natutunan sa mga videos nyo.
Pa shout out po ako Ma'am kasing galing nio po research teacher ko hehe. Mas pinapadali nio po yung research para saming mga researchers. Thank you po and more power po!
Thank you for this video po Ma'am.Tomorrow na po kasi checking ng Practical Research namin, pero hindi pa ako tapos ng Chapter 3.Ako lang gumagawa😂 Kababayan po pala kita🤗
Hello Ma'am Ana. Glad to found your channel here on youtube. I am currently working on my research. I intend to have a qualitative research design - I am done with document analysis, however, this pandemic hinders me to conduct proper FDG or interviews to gather more data to support my study. Thus, I plan to use a questionnaire in gathering data instead. I think of creating a questionnaire but in an open-ended response using google form. Would it conflict with my research design? Do you have a reference to analyzing open-ended responses? Hoping for your response. Thanks!
@@anaph Hi Ma'am Ana, I did re-state my research design. It is now a mix method design. Though my first intention would really be qualitative approach sana. Anyway, moving on... instead of open ended question, I used close ended to limit the answers to my expected result. However, I was asked to review again my SOP and theory. So I am watching your theoretical framework video now. I am sure that every research should have a theory but would a research stand alone with only a conceptual framework? Hope you can answer.🙇♀️
I didn't mention names, I am just telling you to be analytical, critical viewers. Even in my videos, if you see something wrong, you are free to tell or relay it.
Good morning Ma'am Ana! This is our title po "Perceptions About Women's Political Participation of Registered College Student Voters in Dasmariñas and Silang, Cavite". Ask ko lang po kung anong pwedeng type of survey questionnaires po ang gagamitin on how to measure perceptions of voters?
Hello po maam Ana , anlaking tulong po ng mga videos niyo para sa aming college students, sana po mas dumami pa ang subscribers niyo. Tanong ko lang po kung parehas lang po ba ang data gathering instrument at research instrument? Thank you po.
Hello mam! Just found your channel and it was so helpful. I am currently doing my action research proposal which is qualitative. May just ask lng po if pwede ba gumamit ng one on one interview, focus group discussion and structured observation at the same time?
Thank you ma'am sa video na 'to, napanood ko po o may napanood akong video na tinutukoy niyo at naguluhan ako. Mali po ba talaga magcopy-paste din ng instrument... what if may permission na po sa author/s with the validity score?
Bawal po kapag wala permission ng owner. At may tamang procedure po sa paghingi ng consent po ng owner ng instrument. Bawal po na basta copy then paste, gaya ng naidemo dun sa vid.
Yan po yung sa data collection nyo na. So after nyo ma-float yung instrument nyo (ex.questionnaire) pano nya sya kukunin/maibabalik sa inyo at paano nyo kokolektahin ang data.
In my study po, i want to.determine the experiences of the participants before, during and after the intervention and how the intervention will improve the learnings of the participants. Pwede po bang gamiting and one on one interview, focus gruop discussion at structured observation at the same time as the data gathering method? Pls
Hello mam great content but better remove from the video the unnecessary background sound clips and also videos because nakaka distract po ^^. Thank you
Good day po Ma'am Ana! I just wana ask if you have some research questionnaire about the Importance of Brick-and-Mortar stores amidst E-shopping trends that I can possibly adopt po? I am currently working on my research po kasi and nag sa-struggle po ako sa research instrument. Hoping for your positive response to this. Thank you po.
How on the job training affects the chosen profession of the students of (School po namin?) Ma'am okay na ba to na title namin. Nahuhuli napo kasi kami sa iba eh Hahahahhaa salamat po maam godbless
Ma'am Ana can I ask lang po kung anong data collection and instrument ang pwede gamitin kapagka ang research title is Learning Environment towards Academic performance of the students in Returning Face to Face Classes. I am hoping for your response po 🥺
Nagiging mas interesting ang pagGawa ng research paper dahil sa inyo ma'am😊💪, Hindi siya nakakalito den tagalog pa gamit mo kaya mas lalo namin naiintndhan, Thank God nag Exist ka sa RUclips ma'am....such a Big help sa part namin, God bless ma'am!. More learnings to come❤️💐
☺☺☺
Pls share our channel to your classmates..salamat ❤
"Crystal Clear Content" thank you so much po Mam Ana sa lahat ng mga content videos po na inyong ginagawa, thank you for imparting your knowledge and experiences po.
You truly brought us the beauty of Research!
Salamuch po you're such God's Great INSTRUMENT FOR RESEARCH☺️
Maraming salamat! Keep on watching our videos and pls share them to your students po Sir ❤️
Maraming salamat po mam! Nakapalaking tulong po ng mga impormasyon na binabahagi niyo po sa mga katulad kong estudyante. Nakapaayos rin po at malinaw po yung tinatalakay niyo sa bawat paksa. Sana e mas marami pang guro na katulad niyo po. Maraming salamat po! Mabuhay po kayo Mam!
Welcome po, keep watching our videos and pls share our channel to your classmates. Salamat ❤
This message inspires me to continue my job of assisting you, the student-researchers in your research journey. 🥺
Thank you very much po Ma'am for promoting Bonshoppe and thank you for sharing your knowledge in all of your vids! More power and God bless po! :)
You are very welcome po 💕
Thank you so much Ma'am! Nakakaintimidate po talaga para sakin ang research subject namin. Laking tulong po ng mga videos niyo dahil clear and concise po kayo magexplain 😄
Thank you so much ma'am. Super na pi pressure ako sa research namin but when im watching all of our video its really helpful to me. Im also share your video to my groupmates.🤗♥️
Wow nice to know this..Welcome po..keep watching our videos and pls share them to your classmates.
thank you so much ma'am! Dahil sa mga video nyo po nalelessen yung hirap sa pag gawa ng thesis namin. Thank you so muuuch ma'am!! More power and God bless.
Happy to serve! Keep watching our videos ❤
Thank you so much ma'am Ana for sharing your knowledge and expertise in Research it helps alot hindi lang sa may natutunan ako but natuwa rin ako ma'am especially sa adlib mo hehehe thank you again and again po keep safe god bless you💖
Welcome po and thank you sa pag-appreciate sa mga videos natin! Im happy na natutuwa ka sa mga adlibs hehe, para po un di tayo masyadong serious at di tayo ma-stress sa research kaya may mga ganun hehe 😂😁
Thank you so much ma'am for this video. Pati yung prof ko sinabi ring magcopy paste kami sa internet kasi hindi pa naman kami batikan sa research para gumawa ng sarili naming questionnaire.
first time here at nag crave ako ng coffee dahil sa intro😅. Btw, Thank you for the informative video Ma'am.
Hello ma'am, first of all thank you for sharing your knowledge ma'am. You really help us to lessen our stress in making our thesis po. But, I am hoping ma'am na gumawa ka din ng video about IMRaD Format po kase yan po nirecommend samin if gagawa kami ng research proposal. Thank you so much, God bless po, and stay generous 🤍
Laki po ng naitulong nyo sakin maam sa pag gawa ng research ko. Maraming salamat po❤️
Wow nice to know this. Keep watching our videos!
Hello Ma'am Ana. Bago lang po ako sa Channel ninyo, ngayong gabi lang po ako nagsubscrib pero ang dami ko na napanood at natutunan po na maisheshare ko sa iba.
Hoping po na magkaroon po PART 2 yung Case Study. At about po sa mga Experimental Reswarch. Thankyou po. More power. God bless you Ma'am! ❤🥰😇
Thank you po. Happy learning..sige po i-line up ko po request nyo 😊
Thank you Mam. Nahirapan ako sa kinds of research mam kadalasan sa Let board exam. Big help to sa akin Mam. 🙏🙏🙏
Wow nice!
Welcome! Keep on watching our videos. You may also share them to your classmates or colleagues. Thanks!
nakatulong talaga to, di kasi gumawa ang naka assign na group member namin bukas pan naman deadline ng research namin😂😂 salamat po!!
Awwww 😅
Always grateful to your videos ma'am Ana!
Salamat po sa appreciation 💕
Nice to know this..keep watching our videos
Thank you so much mam for sharing and explaining this subject.
Welcome! keep on watching our videos, just visit our channel ANA PH for tutorials on writing your research paper. ❤️
Never got it so good Ma'am Ana! Thank you very much! 🙏😊
Welcome! Happy learning!
@@anaph Ma'am Ana, you are exemplary in the way you teach, I learned a lot! 👏💯!! Btw, please, what's the main difference between a Masteral Thesis and a Doctoral Dissertation? Do they both use the same concepts and methods you taught us in your Research videos? 🙏😊
@@tutorthony3996 no po. First in terms of format these two are different, second po, wider ang scope ng dissertation.
@@anaph Thank you Ma'am Ana for enlightening me regarding that! It could be a platform for another set of Videos! Kahit isang vlog lang muna please, differentiating the Thesis vis-a-vis the Dissertation 🙏
Thank you poooo this is so very helpful 🥺
Wow !
Tamang tama for polishing of my research. Thanks 😊 Mam Ana
Mam Ana :)
Pwede po now na yung part 2 ?
Hehehe 😊 if ok lang po sa yo
Need ko na po kc as I am now doing my questionnaire
bukas mayroon na 😉
Hi maam thank you so much po Sa mga video nyo I learn a lot and I won the contest life science individual category proposal post sya I'm a grade9 student and I hope madami pang new researcher ang matuto po Sainyo thankyou po keep it up ma'am
Also ang hirap po pagsa write ups lalo na individual struggle is real but when I watch ur videos and other research defense tips videos kalmado Napo HAHAHA
Wow ang galing mo naman, CONGRATULATIONS! Keep up the good work, pagbutihan mo pa lalo na pagtungtong mo ng SHS at college.
God bless you more! 😊
The best! God bless u mam
😍😍😍
Thank you po. Gusto ko pong matuto kung pano gawin ang documentary analysis for my thesis. baka po magawan nyo rin ng video how to go about it. ang processo, procedures, at mga protocols considering irerequest po ang mga necessary documents. Salamat maam Ana marami po akong natutunan sa mga videos nyo.
nagawa niyo po ba? need ko rin po sana e
Thank you so much po, Ang Dami ko pong natutunan🥰
Wow nice to know this..keep watching our videos.
Pa shout out po ako Ma'am kasing galing nio po research teacher ko hehe. Mas pinapadali nio po yung research para saming mga researchers. Thank you po and more power po!
Wow thats good to know. May I ask for the name of your teacher, sama ko sya sa shoutout ☺
Ms. Raquel Catayas po name nya Ma'am hehe
@@christiancacao7280 cge cge sama natin sa shout out 😊
Thank you very much Ma'am ❤️
@@christiancacao7280 😊😊😊
Thank you for this video po Ma'am.Tomorrow na po kasi checking ng Practical Research namin, pero hindi pa ako tapos ng Chapter 3.Ako lang gumagawa😂
Kababayan po pala kita🤗
Ohhh naku. Double time ka na para makatapos ka..kaya yan, focus lang.
Taga sta maria ka din pala, anong school mo? 😊
JPI po
@@lee_heethan1308 😍
Thank you po ma'am God bless po💕😊🙏
Welcome po. Keep watching our videos and pls share them to your classmates.
Thank you so much po ma'am ☺️
You're welcome 😊 Pls share our videos. Thanks!
Hello Ma'am Ana. Glad to found your channel here on youtube. I am currently working on my research. I intend to have a qualitative research design - I am done with document analysis, however, this pandemic hinders me to conduct proper FDG or interviews to gather more data to support my study. Thus, I plan to use a questionnaire in gathering data instead. I think of creating a questionnaire but in an open-ended response using google form. Would it conflict with my research design? Do you have a reference to analyzing open-ended responses?
Hoping for your response. Thanks!
There is no prob if you will change, all you have to do is to change the res.design too. Re-state your res.design.
@@anaph Thanks for your response, Ma'am Ana. I will consider this.
@@thelovelyrhythm74 welcome..keep watching our videos and pls share them to your classmates, fellow researchers..salamat ❤
@@anaph Hi Ma'am Ana, I did re-state my research design. It is now a mix method design. Though my first intention would really be qualitative approach sana. Anyway, moving on... instead of open ended question, I used close ended to limit the answers to my expected result.
However, I was asked to review again my SOP and theory. So I am watching your theoretical framework video now. I am sure that every research should have a theory but would a research stand alone with only a conceptual framework?
Hope you can answer.🙇♀️
pwede ka naman po mag-interview via zoom hehe
Thank you maam, very helpful
Thank you po sa MGA videos NYO .it's a big help po sakin
Naol gets agad
Ma'am, What are some important considerations about the survey instruments before actual data gathering?
Thankyou so much ma'am for sharing po ng mga need namin malaman sa research godbless po :)
Thank youu, ma'am!
thank you po maam malaki po talaga tulong nito
Welcome po..pls visit our channel for more videos. Sana makatulong din ang mga ito sa'yo. Pakishare na din sa iyong mga classmates. Salamat po. ❤
Thank youuuuuu ma'am💞
Welcome po keep watching our videos ❤ and if okay with you, pls share our channel with your fellow reasearchers. Maraming salamat po 😊
Salamat Ma'am Ana fo this.
Welcome!
Keep watching our videos and pls share them to your classmates..salamat ❤
Thank you ma'am
Welcome po
Wow grabeeeee
Bayad din ba ang advertising ahhh “ bonshoppeeeee”
😅😅😅
Live saverrrr ka po talaga Maam Ana Chapter 3 na po kami and two weeks from now Final defense na po naminnn thank youu poooo
Welcome..keep watching our videos..pls visit our channel ANA PH.
Ang galing niyo po!
Maraming salamat! Keep on watching our videos and pls share them to your classmates. ❤️
Hi Mam Anna, galing galing talaga
Thanks po, Maam 🥰😍😍
Ma'am Anna, waiting po sa Reability and Validity video niyo po😍 sana po mapansin🤗
THANK YOU FOR THIS!! 🙏✨
Thanks big time! ❤
thank you so much...your videos are educational and informative....very much helpful for my research study
No need Maam mandamay ng iba! HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
I didn't mention names, I am just telling you to be analytical, critical viewers. Even in my videos, if you see something wrong, you are free to tell or relay it.
Hi Maam Ana ❤ how about po the narrative analysis po not included po ba in interpreting the interviews?
Request video po how to synthesis Related Lit to the study. Thankyou po and Godbless!
maam youre so goodddd
Good morning Ma'am Ana! This is our title po "Perceptions About Women's Political Participation of Registered College Student Voters in Dasmariñas and Silang, Cavite". Ask ko lang po kung anong pwedeng type of survey questionnaires po ang gagamitin on how to measure perceptions of voters?
Hello po maam Ana , anlaking tulong po ng mga videos niyo para sa aming college students, sana po mas dumami pa ang subscribers niyo. Tanong ko lang po kung parehas lang po ba ang data gathering instrument at research instrument? Thank you po.
Kilala ko yung tinutukoy ni ma'am ana, sa copy paste hehe
Awwww 😅
Thanks po mam,Sa pag advice na i copy paste
Just kidding 😂
😅😅😅
hi maam. Your videos have been useful really. May validation of instruments video tutorial na po kayo?
Hello mam! Just found your channel and it was so helpful. I am currently doing my action research proposal which is qualitative. May just ask lng po if pwede ba gumamit ng one on one interview, focus group discussion and structured observation at the same time?
Thank you ma'am sa video na 'to, napanood ko po o may napanood akong video na tinutukoy niyo at naguluhan ako. Mali po ba talaga magcopy-paste din ng instrument... what if may permission na po sa author/s with the validity score?
Bawal po kapag wala permission ng owner. At may tamang procedure po sa paghingi ng consent po ng owner ng instrument. Bawal po na basta copy then paste, gaya ng naidemo dun sa vid.
We'll have the part 2 of this, we will share how to do an ADAPTED INSTRUMENT and RESEARCHER-MADE BUT VALIDATED instrument ❤
Ang laking tulong mo po talaga ma'am sa pagkatuto ko ng research! Salamat po! ❤❤❤
Hihintayin ko po yann hihi
@@ZoomTheGreat yesss
thank you po
Ma'am may video Ka about data gathering?
Mam meron po kau sa mixed-method
At example po on how to collect data in eah design
Thank you ma'am, I have a lot of objections in your video ☺️
Go and name them. ☝
Si Sir Jaymar ata yon hahaha
Good morning Madam do you have research example on agriculture. Please share.
hi, ma'am ana do you have a video on how to write/create statement treatment of data?
Maam paano po gumawa ng INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT sa conceptual framework pang business po sana
Salamat po
Watch our vid on conceptual f.work then soon gagawa tayo vid isa isa sa mga types ng models na yun.
Hi Ma'am ano po ba ang content po ng Tools of Sampling? Salamat po
Mam pwede man siguro ibutang lang ang author
🤟
❤
Ma'am, baka may video ka paturo naman about validity and reliability
9:24 interview
hello po doc,,,what is the difference of data collection and data gathering procedures?
salamat po.
Ma'am!! hahah nasa intrumentation napo ko. Please pray for the approval of my thesis po ma'am.. Maraming salamat po
🙏🙏🙏
Hi ma'am, same lang po ba ang Research Instrument and Statistical Tools?
Hi maam Ana, I am always watching ur video. Pwede di po about sa Critical paper? Thank you po.
hehe, lets see
hello ma'am. ask lang po😊
pano po yung retrieval of instrument? thank you so much, ma'am ❤
Yan po yung sa data collection nyo na.
So after nyo ma-float yung instrument nyo (ex.questionnaire) pano nya sya kukunin/maibabalik sa inyo at paano nyo kokolektahin ang data.
@@anaph yey thank u so muchhh po ma'am❤✨✨
Ma'am is data gathering and data collection the same po?
In my study po, i want to.determine the experiences of the participants before, during and after the intervention and how the intervention will improve the learnings of the participants. Pwede po bang gamiting and one on one interview, focus gruop discussion at structured observation at the same time as the data gathering method? Pls
Good day, maam is that true po ba na, ang questionnaire ay connected statement of the problem?
Yes opo. At sa RRL din po
@@anaph ok maam thank you 😊
@@bengiebayantong7279 welcome.keep watching our vids
napanood ko yun ma'am 🤣
🥺🥺🥺
Good eve po maam. may idea po kayo kung paano po gagawin yung retrieval data ?
Ma'am Ana, what if the research is about plants po what research instrument is applicable to use po? Thankyou ma'am!!
Researcher made
Kailan po kayo Mag lilive mam
ana 😊
Bakit po hehe
mam ana parehas lang po ba yung pinapaliwanag nyo SA video na research intrument SA data gathering instrument?
Sana po masagot niyo..
Thank you po 😊
Opo..pls watch the 3 videos about it. Check them in our channel.
Mam Ana s quantitative po b to?salamat po
yes po, quanti po
Hello mam great content but better remove from the video the unnecessary background sound clips and also videos because nakaka distract po ^^. Thank you
Good day po Ma'am Ana! I just wana ask if you have some research questionnaire about the Importance of Brick-and-Mortar stores amidst E-shopping trends that I can possibly adopt po? I am currently working on my research po kasi and nag sa-struggle po ako sa research instrument. Hoping for your positive response to this. Thank you po.
Wala po..wala pa din ako naencounter na instrument about that topic..better yet, devise a researcher-made one and have it validated.
@@anaph Thank you po Ma'am Ana!
good day ma'am! pwede po bang 2 ang research material? collecting from published literature and conducting an interview?
ayoko na po
Wag susuko, aja! Kaya yan! 👍
hello po, nagvavalidate po ba kayo ng thesis questionnaire?
Too busy recently.
Hi maam ano po pagkakaiba ng data collection at data gathering procedure?
Same 😊
Thank you po maam sa pag sagot😍
Good day po ma'am May I ask lang po if 2 research Intruments are allowed to use at the same time?
Mam sana APA 7th edition po ma lecture nyo din po 🤩🤩 please
Sige sure soon 😊
Hi maam ana how to write po sa data recording procedures?
Hello po mam yung data gathering tools at instrument po ba ay iisa?
How on the job training affects the chosen profession of the students of (School po namin?) Ma'am okay na ba to na title namin. Nahuhuli napo kasi kami sa iba eh Hahahahhaa salamat po maam godbless
Wag po pa-question form ang title
Sa qualitative po ba yan maam?
What is research device naman po??
hi Maam Ana Ph. looking po kami ng statsctician. bala po may marecommend po kayo within Bulacan? salamat po.
Yes po..kindly send me a message thru my FB.
Under nya po ba yung construction, validation?
Ma'am Ana can I ask lang po kung anong data collection and instrument ang pwede gamitin kapagka ang research title is Learning Environment towards Academic performance of the students in Returning Face to Face Classes. I am hoping for your response po 🥺
Pwedeng survey, interview and document analysis. Watch mo yung video natin on Data Collection Methods and Tools para magka-idea ka mabuti.
@@anaph Thank you so much po sa response ☺️❤️
hello po Ma'am ano po yung generation method?