2. Radiation Utilizing Technology

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  • Опубликовано: 24 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 132

  • @mitocw
    @mitocw  4 года назад +16

    To report potential content errors, please use this form: forms.gle/8B2zcUvfCtgJdTdE7

  • @nicholasjaramillo9561
    @nicholasjaramillo9561 4 года назад +146

    This guy is awesome!!! He explains his stuff so well! Good job MIT for having an excellent and kind professor!

    • @sveu3pm
      @sveu3pm 3 года назад

      which mushrooms did you consume. guy is just another pompose knowitall corporate nucl. loby clown

    • @Diedin2seconds
      @Diedin2seconds 3 года назад +8

      @@sveu3pm imagine trolling a year old comment.

    • @8starsAND
      @8starsAND 3 года назад +6

      @@sveu3pm without that "corporate nuclear lobby" you would't write this comment because you wouldn't have electrical power... Carbon mines everywhere are nearly empty - what other source of energy would you like to use? Remember it shouldnt be "corporate"

  • @derekparent752
    @derekparent752 3 года назад +42

    Professor Short is absolutely amazing, so much so that I am going through these lessons for a second time and will probably do so many more times.
    In a way I am fascinated by the lack of questions that are posed to him, possibly due to an age culture. I’m almost 60 and an electrician and would most likely drive this poor guy crazy with questions.... questions that he eventually answers if you have to patients to listen and understand.
    Great stuff during a pandemic 😷👏👏👏👏👏👍

  • @DN-dz8pw
    @DN-dz8pw 5 лет назад +57

    i am a student of electronics but these lectures are making me fall in love with nuclear physics

  • @oldestgamer
    @oldestgamer 3 года назад +19

    Your opening comments on how you teach this course is so on point that is it amazing most professors, particularly in math and physics, don't use the same technique, i.e., context followed by theory. Those math classes where we used problem solving followed up by using those techniques to explain the underlying theory were extremely better at giving the students the needed skill sets and were, by far, the most interesting and successful classes I took. Good job!

  • @JT.0915
    @JT.0915 2 года назад +6

    i feel a lot better knowing kids at mit just sit and stare when professors ask questions like we all did at regular colleges

  • @d.v.faller9251
    @d.v.faller9251 3 года назад +6

    Dr. Short, you are a superb teacher. I stumbled upon one of your lectures a few days ago, and am now working my way backwards. I remember 8.01 and 8.02, and 8.0x extremely well. If you had been teaching, I might have pursued majors other than 5.0 and 7.0. I hope you continue to teach students - your love of nuclear physics is inspiring.

  • @egbertgroot2737
    @egbertgroot2737 3 года назад +28

    I wish i had a teacher like him ..... you don't have to doubt his knowledge

    • @WanderingExistence
      @WanderingExistence Год назад +2

      35:20 Trust but verify. He is a great teacher for his love of teaching off the cuff.

    • @camresearch5120
      @camresearch5120 9 месяцев назад

      I was a lecturer in the 80s, and I used to teach first. "Don't forget that I could be wrong."
      Never trust anybody, especially yourself! Preconceived ideas are really difficult to shake. Forget everything you are really sure of. That is the most important thing to question ❓ If you have never been wrong, then go back and check if you have, or is Santa Claus real?
      Page 42 of my thesis, there's a typo. OCD perhaps, that was written in the 80s, it still bothers me.... It's a good fault to have an automatic error checking ✅

  • @cassandra2860
    @cassandra2860 4 года назад +99

    "Their job was answering the phone, which is not a radioactive job."
    It is if you use a banana phone, though.

    • @robertwynkoop7112
      @robertwynkoop7112 3 года назад +6

      Depends on who is calling……..

    • @kabyamtalukdar3066
      @kabyamtalukdar3066 3 года назад +4

      You have 69 likes.... So i won't like your comment

    • @hungrypasta
      @hungrypasta 2 года назад

      Sounds appealing

    • @chris3312
      @chris3312 2 месяца назад +1

      4 years old and it still made me laugh when I read it lol

  • @davidcooley275
    @davidcooley275 3 года назад +6

    RTG powers the Voyager 1 and 2 space probes launched in 1976 by NASA. People ask how can the probes still be working in 2021 and the answer is the power source. This professor is one of the best i have ever seen...

  • @RandomPerson-jw1ig
    @RandomPerson-jw1ig Год назад +5

    I wanna go to MIT now and take classes from Dr. Short!

  • @chraffis
    @chraffis 3 года назад +9

    21:29 "probulator" Ok. Professor Short has earned his "cool dude" credentials.

  • @MichaelBurnsGuitar
    @MichaelBurnsGuitar 3 года назад +11

    Wonderful respect for this man, friendly, knowledgeable and happy for this course to be free.

  • @benkleschinsky
    @benkleschinsky 4 года назад +7

    Context first, great idea! It helps you understand why and what you should be paying attention to.

  • @ElCidPhysics90
    @ElCidPhysics90 2 года назад +2

    Just a quick note: IMRT is employed in photon-based radiotherapy as well. In fact, it is more appropriate to described IMRT as photon-based. Energy, or range shifting, for protons is perhaps better referred to as IMPT, Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy.

  • @michalhaubner2104
    @michalhaubner2104 5 месяцев назад

    The lecturer is absolute best!

  • @CaptSuperCoww
    @CaptSuperCoww 2 года назад +4

    Your approach laid out in the beginning is fantastic. Calculus only started making real sense when actually applied in structural engineering calculation. It would have been so much better to understand what we were working towards instead of pure theory prior to application....

  • @joylime
    @joylime Год назад +1

    24:47 25:17 25:23 25:59
    26:00 26:10 higher density -> higher photon absorption
    26:22 it might not be nearly absorbing in soft tissue as it would be in bone
    26:36 principle of imaging / produce contrast
    26:41
    27:07 photon therapy 27:42 the way it works
    28:13 this has to do with a difference in interaction
    28:38 Monte Carlo simulation (proton vs photon)
    29:02 consider stoichiometric ratio
    water used bc water approx. human pretty well
    29:37 how many centimeters thick is the avg human? 29:54 half way throu
    30:05 proton goes screaming right thru person / doesnt stop in body w/ 250MeV
    30:17 ~50MeV
    30:37 what's striking...// calculate the range to within very narrow margin
    300 proton ions
    31:30 little straggle
    32:50 when tumor too big, size>>straggling then sweep the energy on tumor (aka IMRT)
    34:23 brachytherapy what has to happen for that to be conserved?
    35:30
    36:25 36:52

  • @jdubs2171
    @jdubs2171 2 года назад +3

    "How thick is the average person?"
    Welllllll.. as a medical imaging professional who works in the South, ill have yall know that when he said 10cm, i blew coffee through my nose, and then went through all of the phases of dissonance. Lol! Professor Short, with all due respect, your frame of reference on people thickness is quite narrow.
    Ill say this, the CAT Scan unit that i run has a 70cm aperture (50cm of that is usable for data acquistion). Table weight limit is 500lbs. At least 2-3x a month we have to deny service to "Certain" patients bc theyre 1.) over the weight limit, 2.) too fat in one area that either stops table motion 2nd to bottoming out, 3.) or their fat literally getting caught on the gantry, stopping table motion.
    Hyper & Super Obese patients tend to be some of the patients that frustrate me the most. Its hard to care for someone who doesnt care about themself. Especially when the consequences of their deliberate bad decisions come out of my back.

  • @matsv201
    @matsv201 3 года назад +6

    Little note, the fusion reactor was closed down in 2016, implying this lecture is from 2015, not 2019 when the video was posted. May be god to know.
    But this professor is a joy to listen to, i wish i had more like him when i was going to university, would have made it a lot easier.

    • @KnowledgePerformance7
      @KnowledgePerformance7 3 года назад +8

      Description says 2016

    • @realkarfixer8208
      @realkarfixer8208 2 года назад +1

      @@KnowledgePerformance7 The video was posted in 2019, the lectures are from Fall 2016. Comment @ Science in Engineering.

  • @madyogi6164
    @madyogi6164 3 года назад +2

    52:00 For a moment I thought it's the coolest coffee machine I've ever seen.
    Wait a moment! It flashes blue and makes gold? I really love physics ...from now on!

  • @Poorexampeofhuman
    @Poorexampeofhuman 7 месяцев назад

    My mother was one of the first people to ever have gamma-ray or gamma knife surgery. She had an AVM that was very very close to rupturing so they use three beams maybe four separate beams intersecting directly on the AVM in her head and kill the tissue. It seems to have worked that was a long time ago now. But the radiation did have lasting effects. She lost her hair and spots she also lost teeth add severe memory problems for about a year and a half two years. But there really was no other option regular surgery would have been way more invasive and would have destroyed much more brain tissue and I probably would have lost my mother. I'm very thankful for all the research and work and everything that is going into nuclear medicine,

  • @NobleRooster
    @NobleRooster Год назад +1

    Was cool to see Brachytherapy brought up here. My senior capstone project at university was related to modifying a tool that was used to insert the radioactive seeds.

  • @nick18303
    @nick18303 4 года назад +11

    My god science is cool thank u so much for these please keep making them there’s so many smart people in the world who don’t get this access the world needs this above political nonsense or other crap tht really does not help man kind

  • @confirmhandle
    @confirmhandle Год назад

    I don't know much about this subject but I could tell people out pretty well this guy knows his stuff!

  • @yaoifan420blazeit4
    @yaoifan420blazeit4 3 года назад +2

    this guy is really an amazing teacher. thank you for uploading these videos!

  • @daffers2345
    @daffers2345 Год назад +1

    I always did very poorly in math. The numbers and concepts just made no sense, and by the time we would get to the "practical aspect," I'd be all at sea and not care about things like the volume of a soda bottle or the length of a flagpole. But this instructor is amazing and I'm already learning and seeing how the concepts of formulas and practical applications will line up with the course material. I can't wait to learn more.

  • @daltondavey3836
    @daltondavey3836 3 года назад +1

    I’m a dummy and even I can get the gist of what he is teaching. Really like the way he delivers the information

  • @reza_aliasgari
    @reza_aliasgari 2 года назад +1

    Absolutely astonishing lectures. Thank you very much professor Short and MIT.

  • @christiller3257
    @christiller3257 4 года назад +8

    15:54 Dr. Manhattan glows blue! clearly not a watchmen fan hahaha

  • @OramiIT
    @OramiIT 2 года назад +1

    Got my electronics engineering technology degree 15 years ago. I remember doing a paper over quantum physics in high school and asking my physics teacher about how nuclear fission worked. She had a book probably college level or AP physics level about U235 and the different paths of fission. Unfortunately I didn't know of any colleges around here at the time that offered any courses so I ended up at DeVry and took their hardest class for no other reason than it was their hardest class lol.

    • @LFTRnow
      @LFTRnow 2 года назад

      How did it go? BTW, Wikipedia has a detailed and good article on nuclear fission.

    • @OramiIT
      @OramiIT 2 года назад

      @@LFTRnow Wikipedia wasn't a thing back then lol it was all AOL then DSL. How did it go? It went I passed somehow I've done 15 years of field work, but now my back is more or less shot so I am moving more towards the IT side of things, but I still enjoy studying engineering and other technologies.

  • @anonymous.youtuber
    @anonymous.youtuber 2 года назад +1

    What a fantastic teacher ! Respect.

  • @JaredLucas
    @JaredLucas 10 дней назад

    "what's a swaggy-lock?" had me laughing. Good on em to get that question out sooner than later though!

  • @JP-fn5xt
    @JP-fn5xt 2 года назад

    A stack of fuel rods that disassemble upon disturbance may be the simplest form of fuel rod dispersal.
    Like a stack of straws that disassemble and move to a final location, upon disturbance.

  • @Atomanti400
    @Atomanti400 5 месяцев назад

    Would be good to have a video about the neutron stars... Great video

  • @heysemberthkingdom-brunel5041
    @heysemberthkingdom-brunel5041 2 года назад +3

    How cool is it that he is using a zircalloy rod as a pointer?

    • @christopherleubner6633
      @christopherleubner6633 Год назад

      Using a fuel pin casing as a pointer for a nuclear physics class is epic, almost in a homer simpson meets Doc geeky way 🤓😁❤

  • @Talon3000
    @Talon3000 2 года назад +2

    I love that the lab with old-but-still-good equipment and the kind of shy students look just like what I saw in the two universities I studied at here in germany.
    It's kind of cute. :D
    And tubing/fittings by Swagelok which I use in my job at the moment. Nice. xD

  • @jacobframe8769
    @jacobframe8769 2 года назад +2

    I wish all schools would flip the teaching model like this. It is very difficult to be excited about learning the theory when you have no idea how it can be used.

  • @runcycleskixc
    @runcycleskixc 2 года назад +2

    A few Soviet-made RTGs were abandoned in the wilderness without proper decommissioning. Occasionally, these RTGs get found and taken apart for metal scrap, with deleterious consequences for the metal scrap gatherers.

  • @gsancak
    @gsancak 10 месяцев назад

    Thankyou so much for sharing these lectures! Covering everything needed.

  • @putinscat1208
    @putinscat1208 2 года назад +1

    Zirconium is great for neutrons. Unfortunately, when hit by pressurized steam, it splits hydrogen off and that can explode.

  • @christopherleubner6633
    @christopherleubner6633 Год назад

    Years ago i used to laser those zr tubes. Cut out spacers also made of zr. Filled them with spacers and uranium oxide or carbide fuel pellets, each spaced by a zr spacer element then welded them shut with a special piece that acts as both a getter and expansion unit 🤓

  • @dancooper8551
    @dancooper8551 3 года назад +1

    These classes are fantastic! ⚛️⚛️📚

  • @n__neen
    @n__neen 3 года назад +1

    "but the improvement in contrast resolution in x-rays is what differentiates the ability to see a hairline fracture from just the ability to see that you contain bones"

  • @brainstormingsharing1309
    @brainstormingsharing1309 3 года назад +2

    Absolutely well done and definitely keep it up!!! 👍👍👍👍👍

  • @nicholasmiller1477
    @nicholasmiller1477 3 года назад +2

    I teach a very simplified 8 day course on reactor plants in my industry. Is there any way to buy that ziracaloy rod to use like Michael does?

  • @youtubehandlesareridiculous
    @youtubehandlesareridiculous 2 года назад +3

    9:55 how do you take a nuclear class at MIT and not have at least a basic idea of what a neutrino is?

  • @petitpoispanta
    @petitpoispanta Год назад

    Your approach convinces me so far.
    Thx u !

  • @ga1actic_muffin
    @ga1actic_muffin 2 года назад +1

    When did Buster Bluth get his hand back and when did he become a nuclear physicist??

  • @lameiraangelo
    @lameiraangelo Год назад +1

    18:08 Source of the graph: Wikipedia... but Universities don't allow students to reference in their work Wikipedia.

  • @csours
    @csours 3 года назад +2

    Why is sputtering considered a nuclear/NSE application? Is it because the argon is plasma, and thus is stripped down to being a bare nucleus? In that case are all plasma technologies NSE?

    • @felipet18
      @felipet18 3 года назад

      I dont agree or disagree. Quite the contrary to be honest.

    • @christopherleubner6633
      @christopherleubner6633 Год назад

      The nuclear use is that a radioactive source is used to monitor the thickness. Also smoke detectors generally have an AmAu nuclear source sputter coated on silver foil. Then its coated with a tiny amount of pure gold and the sheet is punched to make several thousands of sources that go into smoke detectors. 🤓

  • @markhenry15
    @markhenry15 2 года назад

    This Professor is great. Also Looks identical to Buster Bluth.

  • @rodericksibelius8472
    @rodericksibelius8472 3 года назад

    This is where, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical/Electronics Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biology and Atomic Physics mold into one academic specialized new branch of Engineering called 'NUCLEAR Engineering'. Everything is connected.

  • @ootman4687
    @ootman4687 4 месяца назад

    Green LEDs were invented before blue LEDs because of the lack of any material that could efficiently emit blue light due to the rising restrictions of radioactive materials at the time LEDs were invented. GaN however, was found to efficiently emit blue light a decade after the red LED was invented and 14 years after the red LED was invented. The blue LED was needed to complete the RGB color scheme. The film industry however, was booming and halting its progress because of the lack of safe blue light was out of the question, so they substituted it with green. As a result the color green became the iconic representation of radiation in film.

  • @LinusE
    @LinusE 3 года назад

    8:30, I thought the U235 with the added neutron formed the compund nucleus U236, which is very short lived, which then split in to two FP's?

  • @tsolmonbuyantsogt6210
    @tsolmonbuyantsogt6210 4 года назад +2

    Amazing teacher

  • @radiobiologist
    @radiobiologist 2 года назад +2

    The Atomic rod was nice

  • @jwsideshow
    @jwsideshow 2 года назад +1

    This guy is awesome!

  • @peterh5165
    @peterh5165 3 года назад +1

    Excellent lecture.

  • @leonbogon148
    @leonbogon148 3 года назад +4

    Very good teacher-open minded...

  • @F1fan4eva
    @F1fan4eva 3 года назад +2

    I wish the circumstances of my birth and life choices were so that I could take this lecture irl and be part of this industry.

  • @markh3684
    @markh3684 4 года назад +3

    @16:33 "a charged mess of separated ions and electrons"... Is it safe to assume it is a metric mess and not an imperial mess?

  • @N330AA
    @N330AA 3 года назад

    Very likeable and knowledgeable lecturer.

  • @ChrisTietjen_00
    @ChrisTietjen_00 2 года назад

    What is the energy cost of the sputter process and how is it measured?

  • @Shokry999
    @Shokry999 2 года назад +1

    If someone has a radioactive material implanted in them and does not identify himself to the authorities, he might explode and cause lots of damage when he passes through a radioactive detector. lol

  • @Stafford674
    @Stafford674 Год назад

    The lab activity needed clearer explanation, but otherwise good lecture

  • @amitkumarshah7474
    @amitkumarshah7474 4 года назад +1

    It should be Boron 10 that is used in B4C for control rods, they have greater neutron cross-section.

  • @topilinkala1594
    @topilinkala1594 2 года назад

    Will you try to estimate how much Astatine there is in or on Earth?

    • @LFTRnow
      @LFTRnow 2 года назад

      With a half-life no longer than 8.1h, the only astatine naturally occurring is from heavy element decay and it doesn't stick around to accumulate. Here's the writeup on Wikipedia: "Four isotopes of astatine were subsequently found to be naturally occurring, although *much less than one gram* is present at any given time in the Earth's crust. Neither the most stable isotope astatine-210, nor the medically useful astatine-211, occur naturally; they can only be produced synthetically, usually by bombarding bismuth-209 with alpha particles."

  • @jensfridthjofknudsen4923
    @jensfridthjofknudsen4923 3 года назад

    That was fun!

  • @JP-fn5xt
    @JP-fn5xt 2 года назад

    Mistake number one,
    Fuel RODS.......remove it without power ?

  • @jtcustomknives
    @jtcustomknives 6 месяцев назад

    Tesla actually created the first X Ray in 1894-1895

  • @JonniBoiz
    @JonniBoiz 2 года назад

    great video

  • @SuperDumasa
    @SuperDumasa Год назад

    uranium is 92 plutonium is 94. dude was right about the atom number

  • @dootplayer9187
    @dootplayer9187 3 года назад

    23:45 stress is a hell of a drug

  • @colinwhittaker5168
    @colinwhittaker5168 3 года назад

    In the oilfield we used chemical gamma ray sources for electron density measuremnts and chemical neutron sources for porosity measurements. But what I always thought was really smart was working with pulsed neutron sources (thermionic fusion devices) for inelastic gamma spectroscopy, thermal neutron capture spectroscopy, thermal neutron capture decay rates, silicon activation and finally oxygen activation for water flow measurements. Shouldn't you be mentioning some of these techniques?

    • @hpholland
      @hpholland 3 года назад +1

      Submit this question on the form

    • @colinwhittaker5168
      @colinwhittaker5168 3 года назад

      @@hpholland Terseness is generally to be applauded but it is possible to be too terse. What form?

  • @martywhite2988
    @martywhite2988 3 года назад +1

    I came to mock the tightness of his shirt but staid for the lecture.

  • @szirsp
    @szirsp 3 года назад

    11:48 How does ¹¹B + ¹n -> ¹²C work? Is it correct to write it that way?
    Shouldn't it be ¹¹B + ¹n -> ¹²B (or ¹¹B + ¹p -> ¹²C) ?
    I assume the neutron 𝛽-decays in the isotope (¹²B->¹²C) and not before the impact (n->p+e+‾vₑ)

    • @LFTRnow
      @LFTRnow 2 года назад

      If I understand it correctly, the B + n gives C because the n becomes p and beta particle. The p, added to B gives you C and the beta is ejected. (B = boron 11, n = neutron, C=Carbon 12, p = proton). It is not beta decay, though it IS interesting to note that in beta decay the same thing happens, only just spontaneously inside the nucleus rather than being bombarded externally - a neutron of the atom changes to a proton and an electron, and the electron shoots out from the nucleus, known as a beta particle.

  • @benmeister4
    @benmeister4 3 года назад

    I’m in love

  • @anonymous.youtuber
    @anonymous.youtuber 3 года назад +3

    Lol i think it’s 92, don’t quote me on that tho. I love his sense of humor.

  • @anprimpaul2557
    @anprimpaul2557 2 года назад

    Thank god you made these before the pandemic. Hopefully the Chernobyl show helped.

  • @ijunkie
    @ijunkie 3 года назад

    Nuclear energy is a heck of a way to boil water

  • @NutBuster99
    @NutBuster99 Год назад

    I saw the thumbnail and thought MIT adopted an Indian parent's approach of teaching 🤣

  • @anonymous.youtuber
    @anonymous.youtuber 3 года назад

    Is’nt Technetium seperated from its Molybdenum parent through a column before administration to a patient?

  • @endingalaporte
    @endingalaporte Год назад

    49:40 "... it's plutonium" lol

  • @AslanTrappers
    @AslanTrappers 5 лет назад +2

    Baya zevkli

  • @xitheris1758
    @xitheris1758 11 месяцев назад

    These students are at MIT, yet they're neither answering nor asking questions. It hurts to see them squandering their opportunities.

    • @MohammedDjaid
      @MohammedDjaid Месяц назад

      I think they get asked to reduce questions for filming

  • @alontaylor1535
    @alontaylor1535 10 месяцев назад

    gotta get me one of them zircaloy fuel rods

  • @karamdabagh
    @karamdabagh 3 года назад +2

    the lecture was great, but the lab visit was underwhelming, i did not understand what that sputter coating device was doing with the plasma stream that it was creating, it felt just like being back at my own school 10 yrs ago, just a bunch of young students, standing infront of a professor admiring some piece of equipment not knowing why but just touching it and examining it
    edit: ok now that i watched til the end they explained it

    • @nikonsnapper4983
      @nikonsnapper4983 Год назад

      Lmaoooo I got up to that part as well and was thinking exactly what you wrote

  • @trevors3450
    @trevors3450 3 года назад

    This dude looks like Buster from Arrested Development

  • @brianjgraf
    @brianjgraf 3 года назад +2

    completely love this course, but please buy this guy a shirt that fits

    • @hpholland
      @hpholland 3 года назад +4

      He microwaves his shirts because there is students’ blood on it

  • @SphereofTime
    @SphereofTime Год назад

    20:10

  • @falxgod6848
    @falxgod6848 3 года назад

    He said "deez nuts" @1:07:00 ish

  • @MrRomiBajwa
    @MrRomiBajwa 3 года назад

    🤓