Californium - Periodic Table of Videos
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- Опубликовано: 26 сен 2024
- An extensive video about Californium, which reportedly costs up to $27m per gram. We go to where it's made in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
This video features Professor Martyn Poliakoff at the University of Nottingham.
And Julie Ezold and Rose Boll at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory: www.ornl.gov
Also thanks to Andrew Gaunt for providing photos relating to the paper "Isolation and characterization of a californium metallocene": www.nature.com...
Thanks to The Royal Society of Chemistry for supporting this episode: www.rsc.org
Videos on all 118 elements: bit.ly/118elements
Support us on Patreon: / periodicvideos
More chemistry at www.periodicvid...
Follow us on Facebook at / periodicvideos
And on Twitter at / periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
This episode was also generously supported by The Gatsby Charitable Foundation
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan....
Brady's Blog: www.bradyharanb...
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- eepurl.com/YdjL9 
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That lady from the californium factory was very good at explaining their process! She seems to love her job.
Thank you! I do thoroughly enjoy my work at ORNL.
@@julieezold93 Thanks for sharing your knowledge ! So the biggest consumer of cf252 is thermofisher for their cba ?
@@julieezold93 Outstanding explanation of the facility and process. Well done.
And loving that scarf!
@@julieezold93I did the math on the neutron flux trap, if we take 23 days as a minimum, multiply by 4, that's 92 days. 60*60*24*92=7,948,800 seconds. that times 2.5*10^15 equals to 1.99*10^22 or 19.9 sextillion neutrons.
This channel has never succumbed to any RUclips bs that changed its style. It's pure content getting to the point immediately.
Actually rigorous documentary work and investigation. Brady continues to ask exactly the right questions of experts for the viewer at exactly the right time.
Zero decline. If anything it's only gotten better since 2008.
We can thank the patrons for that who help fund this labor of love of chemistry.
I can't fault people who look for sponsors to help produce videos, a lot of youtubers are people who, this is their main source of income.
Martyn is still a professor and i doubt he'd quit teaching to become a full time youtuber.
Though the idea of him playing minecraft is funny.
"Oh look, i found some lapis lazuli. The history of lapis lazuli is really quite interesting..."
And then he stops playing for several minutes to educate the viewers.
"Here we have found a block of iron ore. Iron is an element with a long history and a wide range of applications..."
And then stands there holding an ore block telling us everything he knows about elemental iron.
Best minecraft player ever.
@@glenngriffon8032 these videos could start with 4 minutes of preamble about what we are here to see
Excellent observation.
@@guillaume5313 I think he was speculating what the professor would be like. But in fact he is not a RUclipsr.
“It’s ya boi, Marty P coming at you for another banger of a video! Hit that like button and don’t forget to subscribe!
Before we start this video on Silver today, I’ve got to give a big shoutout to this channels sponsor: Raid Shadow Legends! Coincidentally they’re also giving out free silver if you sign up with my link below!”
It's by no means as expensive as californium, but one of the byproducts of that process, iodine-131, is used to treat thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. It's even used in veterinary patients!
That I-131 is made in a very different way so it is pharmaceutically pure.
Yeah they put it in salt
I had I- 131 twice for that. Saved my life.
Ironically I got sick from DOE research as employee under EEOICA act and was cured by the very thing that made me ill.
🙃
@@AboveEmAllProduction Uh...buddy if you are buying/eating iodized salt that has been iodized with I-131, you better go to the doctor asap. 🤣 That is a highly radioactive isotope and it's only used for specific scientific or medical procedures. 131 is not the common and abundant main isotope.
@@MitzvosGolem1 wow, what research were you doing?
How she casually describes the element as "pretty dosey" to say that it will probably kill you if you hold it for too long. Nuclear chemists are badass!
I imagine that radiation workers see it as more of a frustration, since they are required to stop working after a very small dose, much less than would actually pose a real health risk.
We take radiation safety very seriously-we have a healthy respect for it.
@@julieezold93 thank you for giving us a glimpse of your fascinating work and thanks for taking the time to go through the comments!
@@unvergebeneid you're welcome
I think people hopefully learned their lessons from the radium girls. I wish they didn't have to die such horrific deaths for us to take slow radiation poisoning seriously.
Julie explained the chemical processes so well. This is an interesting video for sure!
Thank you 😊
Julie is great at explaining the whole process, not dumbing it down too much but not getting very techincal either. I loved this whole video!
22 minutes about californium, I could cry, I love so much when you update old videos, plus there's very clever science behind this one
Interesting timing on this video. I’ve literally been working for over a year on a project at work to replace our 10 year old Cf-252 neutron source that we use to calibrate neutron dosimeters. Cf-252 is now insanely expensive. 1500 microgram source is a cool $1.3 million
@William "Bill" Overbeck me too
Wow! They were saying in the video that it's $27 million a gram - from what you're saying is that it's actually more than $800 million a gram!
I've watched this like 20 times in the past 2 years. I love how fluent the knowledge is, and the further I go in science, the more I understand and see without thinking. This is amazing. And to be fair, the first year I was in lots of biology with some chemistry. Wasn't sure what i'd want to get into.
Im a grad student who currently works with Cf-249 among other rare isotopes like this. Very excited to see this video! If anyone has questions feel free to ask!
Is BBQ sauce an acceptable ice cream topping?
@@bobby_greene absolutely, the tangyness BBQ sauce compliments the sweetness of the ice cream very well.
@@ORE0789 thank you for the prompt reply, I yeild the floor for further questions.
Are you at Berkeley?
@@musicrinda Nope not Berkeley, probably wouldn't be hard to narrow it down though for chemistry like this ;)
Love the professor. Truly an inspiring human being. So much thanks to him and Brady for all the videos they've made over the years.
What an amazing and complicated process, I can't even fathom how many great minds had to work together to make it happen.
I work as a Carpenter in a lot of Cement plants. They have these restricted areas where the machine is housed so no one gets near it. So cool to understand how the analysis happens during the separation process.
I awoke to a 22 minute video from my favorite professor! What a great day to be here.
This is the best video I have ever seen and I am watching you from 2008.Cheers
The radioactive elements are cool, but the engineering that went into this facility at ORNL (and other national labs, I'm sure!) is just incredible.
I have a Master’s degree in Chemistry, and find all your videos to be tremendously pertinent and entertaining. I regularly learn new things from them. I can’t emphasize enough how positive this is for
science and for the human race in general to have the means (internet and YT) to reach everyone with this kind of information. Thank you.
I love the longer videos like this! Hope you enjoyed visiting Tennessee.
Man, i want to do plumbing there. I understand this may come off as an odd statement. I find these topics, equipment, and process fascinating.
me too dude, you know how much nuclear welders make?
@@md4luckycharms I would do it for free! Just to be a part of it.
New Periodic Video makes me happy like child seeing candies.
Always love hearing about ORNL, it’s about 30 or 40 minutes from my neighborhood
Causally having a sign on the window, 11:49,
"Oh that bucket 0542 contains Plutonium, please don't tip it over!" :D
"Shh, the Plutonium is sleeping." 😂
So many fascinating aspects. I had no idea what went into making Californium.
Great video! I use Californium-252 on a near daily basis for my work doing calibration and R&D on Gamma and Neutron detectors.
Love seeing the professor still kicking it! Thanks for creating such an awesome and lasting learning resource. Y’all are awesome
14 years damn, this is almost a super og channel, so great to see this channels still going strong!!
completely, completely fascinating. well done, folks 👏
This transmutation is absolutely mind blowing.
Prof I just want to say you are the best!
I love watching the computers on the desk behind you upgrade over the years.
These videos remind me how lucky I was to get the chance to do research at Lawrence Berkeley Labs as an undergrad; just the level of science and history oozing from the walls is crazy. No jokes, Fermi's old cyclotron is just laying outside in the center of a round about, and there are reserved parking spots for Nobel laureates in front of every other building. Hope I can visit Oak Ridge one day (and Nottingham too!!).
Always good to see the Prof. Cheers to Brady and Prof. P and everyone at Nottingham
“Dosey” is a wonderful adjective.
Incredible peek behind the curtain (or leaded glass, as it were) at Oak Ridge - great stuff!
As a biochemist, I have deep respect for that chromatography. It is next level. I thought separating materials differing by less than 1 kDa to be high resolution. This atomic weight separation puts that to shame! Not to mention the ion exchange chemistry involved.
It's always a treat to see a new video from this channel, and as an undergrad recently studying actinide complex chemistry the information on a californium metallocene was fascinating!
You Mister are the best chemistry teacher in the world!
Happy to see you healthy and sound dear prof.
The sheer scale of accumulated knowledge to get to this point is staggering to me.
Martyn, what do you think about Julie's scarf?
How do they change the lightbulbs in the cubicles? What sort of hazmat gear is required to do that? Is it the janitor’s job or does it require a PhD?
Fascinating lab and chemistry, brilliant staff, amazing content as usual. Thanks for the insight into a local facility!
It would be interesting to get a color correction card into one of those shielded workrooms, then use software to color adjust for that greenish glass so you could see what it looks like if you were in there.
I'm so glad on this subject matter. Thanks on your update.
Really great video. Production of these actinides is a fascinating process.
The Oak Ridge visit was one of my favourite videos, I really loved how detailed the description of the reactor was, and ofcurse seeing the huge blue cherenkov radiation was the best
i love videos like this. Thank you so much.
Fantastic video, really interesting. I love the explination of the purification process. Excellent job!
Always on the mark and very informative. I love these videos, been watching them for some time now. In a perfect world, this kind of content is what RUclips would really have been created for, not all of that other mindless rubbish that you typically find.
Californium was discovered in Tennessee? I’m glad Tennessee has its own element now; it definitely helped find many others!
Brady! you should start another channel named "Sixty Cymbals" where you talk about musical instruments lol
😹
Or "Periodic Stereo"
Make a note of that.
First video titled : It needs more cowbell
Amazing. The visit at ORNL was super interesting!!!!
I’ve been a geophysicist for over 4 decades and relish these presentations. I feel like a sponge trying o to absorb all that I can…as I once did as a starry eyed 12 year old. The host captures the enthusiasm for science that is the fuel that powers curiosity.
The way the ORNL scientist is describing the process sounds simple, but I can't even begin to fathom how it was developed. All I know is that lanthanides and actinides are something that none of the students in the chemistry fraternity I was a part of really ever discussed, it was predominantly organic chemistry because that was huge at the time. These heavy elements were like "yeah they're there, they play by different rules", and that was it.
I’m hoping and pleased that you are still working after the past 2 years.. cheers!
Please make a video about islands of stability and what the electron orbitals look like above f shells
Los Alamos National Laboratory is located in my birthplace/hometown. I was never sure what was going on at the sister lab in Oak Ridge. This video helped fill in the gaps.
I had no idea they could produce this in sufficient quantities to be useful for industrial applications
When I clicked on this video I had no interest in Californium or how it was produced and used.
Now I have!
Carry on the good work!
I believe that tiny amounts of californium is used in certain designs of home fire alarms. I'm not sure exactly how it functions but I believe it is to do with how it detects the smoke.
Actually, the radioisotope in smoke detectors is the alpha emitter Americium-241
Appreciate the fascinating tour and information.
Awesome. Really like these videos about the elements
Not in to chemistry or the elemental sciences. I was unaware that there was active process' to engineer and redesign the elements. Wonders how this fits into the science-fiction of product replicators for the future?
These scientists are so wicked smart. Very impressive and inspiring
Californium is pretty much a magical element.
Radiochemistry is a very interesting field of investigation.Also nuclear chemistry and nuclear technology
Thank you very much 🙂
I can’t believe I’ve been watching these videos for over ten years
I didn't see the upload, but a minute ago I just felt that there has to be a new periodic video and there it is...
I love the Professor's White hair and I love his knowledge when it comes to the Elements , Gases and Metals including Arsenic , Copper , Antimony , Californiaum, Uranium ect...
I love the Periodic Table of the Elements and learning about the Periodic Table
Could you please do a video on how the current Ukraine-Russia war and the sanctions against Russia affect research into these elements? Dubna was mentioned in this video as well as another laboratory in Russia. Has the shipping of samples between the USA and Russia ceased, hampering research?
I had the same questions!
At a guess Dubna will get no more material for a long time.
This is the best channel on RUclips
When the professor said 14 years ago I died a little on the inside 😢😭
I just subbed, this is a really impressive channel, i gotta admit that.
Cf is used to investigatie explosives f.e. whether a grenade is filled with a conventional explosive charge or with a chemical or biological charge. The inspection effectiveness of ²⁵²Cf is useful with a thermal flux greater than or equal to 10⁷ n/cm² s. This means that there will then be about 22 micrograms of ²⁵²CF in the detector, corresponding to an activity of 436 MBq. Furthermore ²⁵²CF is used in clinical neutron therapy for cancer treatment (i.e. brachytherapy).
This is incredible! These people are so smart. Just thinking about how they do this makes me dizzy. Everything is so complex and sophisticated.
Glad to see the Oak Ridge National Lab could produce such radioactive actinides!
Thanks for your video sir.
Hello, you do not know me but I believe you taught a certain CHAP and now he is my chemistry teacher. He often uses your videos in our class and I hope to see more videos soon :)
I hope they didn’t disturb Bucket 0542. It contains Pu material from Lab 209.
Maintenance must be an absolute nightmare. It's right up my alley. :)
I think that Californium is the highest atomic number element with practical uses outside the labratory.
I am a bit sad that the professor doesn't get to visit some of these places, I think he deserves to go, especially because he wants to share it all with us,
Such an extraordinary element!
New video! YES!
I wish I was as interested in Chemistry in school as I am watching these videos.
News flash April 24, 2022: CERN has announced the discovery of a new element. They have decided to name it POLIAKOFFIUM. Congratulations!
Glad to see a new video 😄
Gobsmacked by all the detailed research and brain power that took this research to where it is today.
Great level of video as usual.
An excellent and informative video. Thank you.
Questions about the container: if I understand correctly the polymer stops the thermal neutrons and the tungsten is to shield gamma. I noticed this independently when running thoriated tungsten rods under a spectrometer it was able to almost entirely shield my 1uCi cs-137 sample from detection. Ironically 2.5 mm of W seems equivalent to 12mm of Pb.
Hi, Professor. I have a dime that was irradiated at Oak Ridge Lab in the 50s. Would it still be radioactive today?
How did you get it? Were they giving away irradiated dimes as souvenirs?
Depends on what elements are in it, what the half-life is. The dime itself would be silver if it's dated 1964 or earlier, so even if it's not radioactive it's worth holding onto.
@@periodicvideos Yes they did. It is encased and has Oak Ridge Lab and Irradiated written on the encasement.
@@busimagen I am a member of the Professor's fan club. There is a "join" button just below the video.
Quick Google suggests it lasted 4 minutes and only silver coins could be done which they did a lot of. Though its done in some dedicated device and not a reactor still cool though.
Glad to see this notification
I think most of the viewers of this channel, and especially of this video, remember their chemistry and the periodic table...
Fantastic episode. Thanks!!
This seems like a pretty fulfilling field to work in.
Not many people get to say that they make totally manmade radioactive elements in their lifetime.
Might as well be a spacecraft engineer.
My favorite element
Not sure that is going to Dubna any time soon...
Was thinking the same.
3:03 … I wonder when/if we will ever reach a state when we will collaborate with Dubna again 😢
Wow an actual flux capacitor!
You are awesome professor