Methods of Archaeogenetics (with Daniel Tabin)
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- Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024
- Daniel Tabin (Harvard University) returns again for an in-depth look at the statistical methods used in analyzing archaeogenetic data for insights into past migrations. From a live discussion with Jackson Crawford and his Patreon supporters recorded June 9, 2024. Two new papers prominently mentioned in this talk: www.biorxiv.or...
and
www.biorxiv.or...
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I enjoyed listening/thinking about this! Thank you.
i find that archaeogenetics and quantum mechanics to be two of the most interesting, and most misunderstood, fields that are commonly brought up with pseudoscience and misinformation. i very much appreciate the conversation!
SNP is not like individual words. Words are more like phenotypes, in that a single e.g. sound change ("allele") may affect many words.
If we are going with that analogy, I would say a single locus (a part of the overall genome, could be a single base ((A,T,C, or G)) or a long strand of bases like ACTAGACC, and it could be a protein-coding gene or not) would correspond to a single word. A word's pronunciation and meaning can "mutate" like a gene can mutate. Sound changes tend to effect similar sounding words though, which I am not sure is the same in an organism. In nature, mutations are essentially random, but mutations that occur in genes can lead to different characteristics in the organism that has that mutation, or changed gene/different "allele". This different characteristic is some kind of observable difference between organisms that have this mutation. This different observable trait is called a "phenotype". You could have a phenotype for blonde hair or brown hair, for example. A phenotype is just an observable trait, whether it is visible like hair color, or having genes that produce defective red blood cells as in the disease Sickle Cell Anemia. Probably the best example of a different "phenotype" in linguistics is a different dialectal pronunciation. Now, this different dialectal pronunciation/phenotype could be due to having a different version of a gene, or a different "Allele". A certain % of the population will pronounce one word a certain way, and a certain % of the population will pronounce it another way, just like a certain % of the population will have one allele, and a certain % of the population will have another allele. While mutations are random changes, whether these genes are passed down to the next generation and take hold in the population is NOT random. A mutation could be advantageous and spread in a population, or it could be disease-causing and cause the organism that has that mutation to die out. This "force" controlling which genes survive and proliferate among a population is called "Natural Selection". I don't think that is anything equivalent with sound changes in linguistics though, which appear pretty random. But, sound changes, like genetic mutations, tend to pop up in a single area and spread from there. Of course, the population that carries that mutation could move, just like a group of language speakers can move, like the Romani, but if we are talking in generalities, a sound change tends to occur in single geographical area and spreads from there, just like a mutation happens in a single organism but spreads through the population when that organism reproduces.
Ok... on all ok BUT F4. As you JC expressed, I also liked the F2-F3-F4 latter path better. So, I have a problem with F4 signs meaning admixture VERSUS F4 signs meaning I ordered my input group (or groups!) backward. I do not see out of that. That is, what if no admixture but I did F4(A,B;D,C) instead of F4(A,B;C,D) with admixture? (Or getting A,B as B,A? Or both!) Or, is getting these in the right order just an a-priori assumption just not to happen? Otherwise, I'd love to see those differentiated. Maybe it's just me. :)
Why is it PG *ana, Proto Norse *ą́ ?, and Old norse á, but PG *skiljaną, proto norse *skiljan? or *skilją? and old norse skilja. Why not old Norse skiljá because of the nasalisation?
Sound changes often work differently in final position (at the end of a word).
what are the names of the authors of the papers mentioned around 4:30? I could not understand what was said
One hour 44 min. Hoh boy!
"People get scared off by very long runtimes"
haha yes.
I think the algorithm doesn't like it if the viewers only watches part of the video.
I can't watch this in full in one go.
Sorry. For me the rapid speech defeated me ...........
Just slow it down 0,75 speed then it is more or less better😊if you are really into info
PBS(Play Back Speed) .75 = Intelagabiliy 😎
Dude,, please, you gotta speak slower. You mashing words together and starting five sentences without completing one.
Counterpoint: this is one of very few people who speak fast enough that I almost don't have to speed up the video.
Maybe he has an ADHD type brain and this is just how he speaks naturally?
As in another post here, fortunately RUclips has a _Setting_ for playback speed. Elsewhere they suggested speed 0.75.
@@LoganKearsley Holding down space or click also brings me much joy... :)
@@AmyThePuddytatSpeech impediments are rarely suseptible to medication. Saying those of us with then should stick to writing is disgustingly ablist