Thank you for watching! The two academic papers that I referenced for this video are linked at the end of this comment. I also wanted to address a few points that I was unable to explain in the video itself: 1) The Qocho Kingdom had a summer capital and a winter capital. The problem is, I was unable to confidently verify which one was which between Qocho and Beshbalik, because I found lots of conflicting sources on this. I thus did not include this information in the video. 2) I was able to include the Old Turkic (Orkhon) script for the earlier part of the video, but could not include the Old Uyghur alphabet for the later parts. This was because the Unicode transcription of Old Uyghur is still incomplete, and I could not find any fonts available for commercial use anyway. 3) It appears that the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom's name for itself remains unknown. My best guess is that it just called itself the Toquz Oghuz Country like its predecessor, but I used the Chinese exonym for this video to be safe. 4) By all accounts, there was a major Uyghur Khaganate city by the name of Bay-Baliq somewhere along the Selenga River. However, its exact location remains unknown, so I did not mark it on the map. It was built by Sogdian and Chinese architects, which is cool. 시청해 주셔서 감사합니다! 이 영상을 만들며 참고한 두 논문은 본 댓글의 맨 아래에 첨부하였습니다. 또한 영상에서 설명하지 못한 몇가지 점을 해설해드리려 합니다: 1) 고창회골은 여름 수도와 겨울 수도가 따로 있었습니다. 문제는 코초(고창)가 여름 수도이고 베쉬발리크(북정)이 겨울 수도라고 서술하는 자료도 있었는가 하면, 그 정반대를 주장하는 자료도 많았다는 것입니다. 따라서 이에 대한 정보는 영상에 넣지 않았습니다. 2) 영상 초반에는 돌궐 문자를 표기할 수 있었으나, 중후반부에는 고대 위구르 문자를 넣지 못했습니다. 고대 위구르 문자의 유니코드 지원이 완전하지 않고, 또한 상업적 이용이 가능한 글꼴도 찾을 수 없었기 때문입니다. 3) 하서회골이라고도 하는 감주회골이 스스로 부른 이름은 불명인 것으로 보입니다. 제 생각엔 아마도 그대로 "토쿠즈 오구즈 나라"라고 자칭했을 것 같으나, 지나친 억측을 피하기 위해 그냥 중국식 이름으로 표기했습니다. 4) 셀렝가강 유역 어딘가에 베이발리크라는 위구르 제국의 대도시가 있었던 것은 확실합니다. 그러나 그 정확한 위치는 알 수 없기에 지도에 표기하지 않았습니다. 재밌는 사실이라면 소그드인 및 중국인 건축가들이 지었다는 것입니다. Paper 1: www.academia.edu/download/43557903/Uyghur_Khaganate.pdf Paper 2: scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/22872
The Uyghur Khaganate was a prosperous kingdom that practiced agriculture An ambassador from the Samanid Empire, Tamim ibn Bahr, visited Ordu Baliq in 821 CE and left the only written account of the city. He traveled through uninhabited steppes until he arrived at the Uighur capital. He described Ordu-Baliq as a great town, "rich in agriculture and surrounded by rustaqs (villages) full of cultivation lying close together. The town had twelve iron gates of huge size. The town was populous and thickly crowded and had markets and various trades."[4] He reported that amongst the townspeople, Manichaeism prevailed.
1. Self designation of Uyghur Khaganate ought to be Uyghur El or Uyghur country. Toquz Oghuz country is how Arabs and Persians referred to Uyghur Khaganate and later Qocho Kingdom. And "Toquz Oghuz budun" in Türk inscriptions refers to "Toquz Oghuz peoples" not land or country. 2. Based on a number of Qocho documents and poems I've seen, Uyghurs of Qocho used a number of self-names for their country - Qocho Ulush, Qocho El, On Uyghur Ulush, On Uyghur El. All meaning either country of Qocho or country of ten Uyghurs. Certainly not Idiqut. 3. Karasahr should go by the name of Solmi. I've seen it on an Uyghur report about reconstructing Beshbaliq by bringing builders, craftsmen and red clay from Solmi. Anyway, you've done a great job!
Summer capital would be Beshbaliq because it's cooler on the northern slopes of Tengri Tagh/Tien Shan in summer; and very hot in Qocho . Winter capital would be Qocho as it is a bit warmer than the area around Beshbaliq in winter.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 You don't even know who Qarluqs are. Qarluqs were related to Celestial Türks unlike Uyghurs, Qirghiz, Qipchaqs and Oghuz. They were a minority in south Xinjiang and had their own small kingdom in Ili Valley, Almaliq. The origin of Karakhanids is a contested subject - contemporary Muslim chroniclers say Karakhanids were mostly Qarluq, while Song chroniclers say they were of Uyghur origin like their adversaries to the north - Qocho Uyghurs. Today's Uyghurs did not 'form' neither in Karakhanid state nor in Qocho, but in Moghulistan when the two populations merged during Mongol rule.
Chinese envoy account of Qocho: There is no rain or snow here and it is extremely hot. Each year at the hottest time, the inhabitants dig holes in the ground to live in .... The earth here produces all the five grains except buckwheat. The nobility eat horseflesh, while the rest eat mutton, wild ducks and geese. Their music is largely played on the pipa and harp. They produce sables, fine white cotton cloth, and an embroidered cloth made from flower stamens. By custom they enjoy horseback riding and archery .... They use the [Tang] calendar produced in the seventh year of the Kaiyuan reign (719). They fashion pipes of silver or brass and channel flowing water to shoot at each other; or they sprinkle water on each other as a game, which they call pressing out the sun's heat to chase off sickness. They like to take walks, and the strollers always carry a musical instrument with them. There are over fifty Buddhist temples here, the names inscribed over their gates all presented by the Tang court. The temples house copies of the Buddhist scriptures (da zang jing) and the dictionaries Tang yun, Yupian and Jingyun. On spring nights the locals pass the time milling about between the temples.There's an "Imperial Writings Tower' which houses edicts written by the Tang emperor Taizong kept carefully secured. There's also a Manichaean temple, with Persian monks who keep their own religious law and call the Buddhist scriptures the 'foreign Way' .... In this land there are no poor people; anyone short of food is given public aid. People live to an advanced age, generally over one hundred years. No one dies young.[17]
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
That’s bs. Khitan and uighurs have a good relationship when jurchen rebel the uighurs allowed khitans to go through safe passage into Central Asia. Genghis fought against the Kyrgyz. There were no uighurs left except in karlurk, Tibetans and ganzhou kingdom absorb by Tibetans.
@@Willxdiana Muslim Uighurs and Karluk tribes were persecuted in the Buddhist/Nestorian oriented Qara Khitai Khanate hence they asked Genghis for help and their request was accepted
Ganzhou uighurs are yugurs and are tibetan Buddhist like uighur khanate. The uighurs you mentioned are uighurs persecuted by karlurks and converted into karlurks. In fact karlurks and uighurs were fighting. Look at kingdom of khotan. Scythian Buddhist who were for a conversion by powerful karlurks.
>Overthrow the Second Turkic Khaganate >Become the new hegemon of the steppe >Adopt Manichaeism and stop eating meat >Lose martial skills get conquered by the Kyrgyz
Ordu Baliq was a fully fortified commandry and commercial entrepot typical of the central points along the length of the Silk Road. The well-preserved remains now consist of concentric fortified walls and lookout towers, stables, military and commercial stores, and administrative buildings. There are remains of a water drainage system. Archaeologists established that certain areas were allotted for trade and handcrafts, while in the center of the town were palaces and temples, including a monastery. The palace had fortified walls around it and two main gates, north and south, as well as moats filled with water and watchtowers.
Dragon Historian, what a radiant title you came up with! I take off my hat in deep respect in front of your meticulous academic work in this quite critical field and I also would like to mention my heartfelt gratitude for the information and the services you provided for this branch of Turkology..
A nomadic turkic kaghanate that build cities due to influence from China that was in control of Mongolia before the rise of Genghis Khan converted to a semitic-persian religion influenced by buddhism, after coming into contact with an indo-iranian people
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
The Jalair Possibly of the Turkic ancestry, this group of people were captured by the Timuchin's clan and became vassals. In early days, this group of people raided the pasture of rich Mongol woman, Monolun (wife of the grandson of Bodunchar), and killed her and her eight sons. Only Kaidu was saved by his uncle Nachin and later Kaidu defeated the Jalair to be a leader of the early Mongol people. The Jalairs became very much attached to the Mongol people in the ensuing years. Later, they became vassals and got assimilated Muhuali or Mukali was said to be one of them. The Jalairs were said to be of the Darligin Mengwu tribe and fled west to the Kerulen River after being attacked by the Khitans. Alternatively speaking, Jalair (Zha-la-yi-er) was listed together with Zu-bu and Zhu-bu- gu, i.e., Dadan equivalent, in Liao Shi (history of the Khitan Liao dynasty), which were considered a Huihe (Uygur) tribal alliance since the days the Huihe expelled the Kirghiz from the Orkhon River and Tu'ula River area and rebelled against the Khitans throughout the 10th-11th centuries, with Mo-gu-si Khan launching a Zu-bu dynasty in A.D. 1100 in defiance of the Khitans. That is, the Jalair shared the same ancestry as the Keraits who possessed a Nestorian Mo-gu-si (Marcus in Ecclesiastical Chronicle) - who was a different person from Kerait chieftain Wang-han (Toghrul)'s grandfather Margus Buiruk per Historian Zhou Liangxiao for the generations' lapse.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
1. Self designation of Uyghur Khaganate ought to be Uyghur El or Uyghur country. Toquz Oghuz country is how Arabs and Persians referred to Uyghur Khaganate and later Qocho Kingdom. And "Toquz Oghuz budun" in Türk inscriptions refers to "Toquz Oghuz peoples" not land or country. 2. Based on a number of Qocho documents and poems I've seen, Uyghurs of Qocho used a number of self-names for their country - Qocho Ulush, Qocho El, On Uyghur Ulush, On Uyghur El. All meaning either country of Qocho or country of ten Uyghurs. Certainly not Idiqut. 3. Karasahr should go by the name of Solmi. I've seen it on an Uyghur report about reconstructing Beshbaliq by bringing builders, craftsmen and red clay from Solmi. Anyway, you've done a great job!
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 Aren't you a little persistent spammer. Most people around the world until late 19th century did not have an "ethnic nationality" or common overarching ethnic name including notable groups such as Italians and Chinese. Are you a Han Chinese or Qazaq spammer? Isn't the term Han/Zhongguo Minzu from Japanese newspapers of 19th century? Does it mean that Chinese did not exist, until the Japanese have given them the name? The fact that Italians do not call themselves Romans doesn't mean that they are not related to them. And vise versa Caucasian Avars are not historical Pannonian Avars. Turkic groups today are have Naiman, Kereit, Jalayir and other tribal names however all these groups were originally Mongol and Turkic peoples simply adopted Mongol tribal names. But with Uyghurs, we know where historical medieval Uyghurs lived - from Kucha to Ili Valley, from Ili to Gansu and beyond, southern and northern slopes of Tien Shan/Tengri tagh - the same area where Uyghurs live today. And besides the movement to restore self-name 'Uyghur' arose long before the gathering in Soviet Union.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 calling 'kara-khanids' just "karluks" would be strong simplification. Kara-khanids also has uyghur origins and that theory were supported by many scholars and historians like Radlov, Yaroslav V. Pylypchuk, David Brothy etc. Even in chinise sources of Song Dynasty "kara-khanids" appeared under the name of "uyghurs" along with Qocho and Gansu uyghurs: "In the beginning, when Huigu [Uyghurs] ran to the west, their tribes and clans scattered in different places. Therefore, there were kehan [Khagan] in Ganzhou [Zhangye], kehan in Xizhou [Turfan] and heihan [Qarakhan] in Xinfuzhou [Khotan]. They are all descendants of Huigu." P.S Karakhanid-muslims only ancestors for modern Kashgarian and Ghulja Uyghurs, modern Turpan and Qumul uyghurs are descedens of Qocho buddhist uyghurs
@@kamiljan_ashiri 5% of Australia population is Chinese but it doesn’t makes Australia a Chinese nation. Same with Kara khanid only some of its population were Uyghur refugees meanwhile the majority being karluks.
Go and argue with the scholars that i mention above + how on Earth do you can compare modern ethnic population of Australia and population of medieval Kara-Khanid state?Unlike chinese and australians, uyghurs and karluks comes from the same race and language family and even if they were not from the same nation then they were at least very close to each other (scholar Dennison Rose also was thinking that karluks were from the brunch of "Western Uyghurs"), also how do you even know how many uyghurs or karluks lived in that country (Uyghur Yagma tribe were one of the largest and significant karakhanid tribes) P.S in "Hudad al-Alam" there were also mentioning that uyghurs were living alongside with karluks in the same cities like Balasagun (modern day Kyrgyzstan) and Artush (occupied Uyghuristan)
@@kamiljan_ashiri turpan kumul Uyghurs are formed in the qocho kingdom so they are Uyghurs , I’m talking about those in Tarim basin who are actually karluks another Turkic tribe
Galenus says that the people called Surmata (Sauromatae or Sarmatians) have small eyes and long eye-slits. Uyghur Khaganat Y-Dna results like Sarmatians • OLN003_Uyghur : R1b1a2 (R-M269) • OLN005_Uyghur : R1b1a2a2 (R-CTS1078) • OLN010_Uyghur : R1b1a2a2 (R-CTS1078) • OLN011_Uyghur : R1b1a2a2 (R-CTS1078)
Especially the music, each music represents each period, semi nomadic period, sedentary period, and turco-mongol-islamic chaghatai period, these 3 musics give you that vibe for each period.
@@biliguyghur5072 I know. It's a partly a reason of me coming here. And if You want to know the first song - it's called Siberian wilds by Andrei Avkhimovich And please don't think I like see you struggle, because I want Uyghurstan, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia to be independent from this plagued people of china.
Then kyrgyz defeat Uyghur khanate. But kyrgyz khanate can't be long united central Asia, they just just rule central asia in 50 years. And kidan coming to east land they attacked kyrgyz. And kidans also very important in central Asian history. They found also western kara kidan kingdom
Geographically yes, but by that time the Qocho Uyghurs had been fully assimilated into the Moghulistan population, so I didn't think the Kumul Khanate fit in this video.
@@화이팅-t2q They’re not the same, but I wouldn’t say they’re totally irrelevant to each other. Modern Uyghurs descend from a mix of the ancient Uyghurs, Sogdians, Tocharians, Karluks, and more. For what it’s worth, the modern Uyghurs chose that name for a reason, so the ancient Uyghurs matter to their identity. The relationship is kind of like the one between ancient Celtic Britons and modern English people who identify as British.
@Қазақ_Қыят 🇰🇿卐 Weird; I thought the Old Uyghur script was lifted directly from the Sogdian alphabet - one of the many Aramaic scripts used along the Silk Road at that time. But we can’t have Turks using the _Semitic-based_ alphabet of an _Iranian language,_ right? I’m all for dispelling Russian untruths about their conquered peoples - but *this* is pure Turanist nonsense.
@Қазақ_Қыят卐قازاق_قيات Perhaps you would be kind to provide us with Naiman written material? Oh, wait there is none that is why we do not even know if they were Turkic (Qazaq in your mind) or Mongolic, but most historians lean towards Mongolic descent of Naimans. Tata Tonga was not a Naiman, but an Uyghur from Qocho, who was sent to Naimans to help administer and manage. This has been thoroughly covered in the academia. Qocho Uyghur Eastern Steppe policy was to send Nestorian or Buddhist missionaries to various northern Steppe peoples (including periods prior to Genghis Khan) to proselytize, help manage things (tax collection, write edicts/commandments, etc) and to act as spies for authorities back home. But how would I know, lets listen to Qazaq folk tales and myths.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
Tang Dynasty accomplices in overthrowing gokturks and contesting in Central Asia as yugur merc lend troops. Only reason why tang taigong became khan was bc of Tiele
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@xanshen9011 the maps are inaccurate. The borders drawn in the video are arbitrary. The involvement of some certain states in the videos serve to ethnic and ideological assumptions which are not accepted widely, and also incorrect.
@@xanshen9011 i made actually. I am the owner of the channel Kayra Atakan and I make videos about history of Turks and Mongols. It is really difficult to produce an ACCURATE video so i haven't get to the Uyghurs yet but you can be sure if I did it wouldn't be like this video it's an insult to the disciple of History.
@@xanshen9011 also saying people make the better one doesn't make any sense. If I weren't a mapper but a history professor, couldn't i criticize the video? Don't i have freedom of speech? What kind of logic is that? I never understand this kind of comments in RUclips.
Uyghur physically are east asian ,they look like chinese , and korea and mongol their previous embrace buddhism eat meat. Today what we see many uyghur with physic euroasian they are not real uyghur but they are pamir people who live border with karakorom western china .
Proto Turkic people (and therefore including Uyghurs) had Gobid/Turanid phenotype with wide face and big head, they did not have Sinid (Chinese), Baykalid (Tunguso-Mongolic) or Koreanid phenotypes.
@@Samedisi fyi...turkic isnot same with turkey ( turkeye)..ancestor turkic or today uyghur are descendent from siberia..north people.and they were once buddhism, or simitic Meanwhile turkey (turkeye) or khaliphet kingdom which located at the edge of asia-europe splitted by bosphorus they are hairy caucasus not 100%asian. Uyghur were forced to became muslim like hazara people suffer from extinction by afghanistan sunni
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
Thank you for watching! The two academic papers that I referenced for this video are linked at the end of this comment. I also wanted to address a few points that I was unable to explain in the video itself:
1) The Qocho Kingdom had a summer capital and a winter capital. The problem is, I was unable to confidently verify which one was which between Qocho and Beshbalik, because I found lots of conflicting sources on this. I thus did not include this information in the video.
2) I was able to include the Old Turkic (Orkhon) script for the earlier part of the video, but could not include the Old Uyghur alphabet for the later parts. This was because the Unicode transcription of Old Uyghur is still incomplete, and I could not find any fonts available for commercial use anyway.
3) It appears that the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom's name for itself remains unknown. My best guess is that it just called itself the Toquz Oghuz Country like its predecessor, but I used the Chinese exonym for this video to be safe.
4) By all accounts, there was a major Uyghur Khaganate city by the name of Bay-Baliq somewhere along the Selenga River. However, its exact location remains unknown, so I did not mark it on the map. It was built by Sogdian and Chinese architects, which is cool.
시청해 주셔서 감사합니다! 이 영상을 만들며 참고한 두 논문은 본 댓글의 맨 아래에 첨부하였습니다. 또한 영상에서 설명하지 못한 몇가지 점을 해설해드리려 합니다:
1) 고창회골은 여름 수도와 겨울 수도가 따로 있었습니다. 문제는 코초(고창)가 여름 수도이고 베쉬발리크(북정)이 겨울 수도라고 서술하는 자료도 있었는가 하면, 그 정반대를 주장하는 자료도 많았다는 것입니다. 따라서 이에 대한 정보는 영상에 넣지 않았습니다.
2) 영상 초반에는 돌궐 문자를 표기할 수 있었으나, 중후반부에는 고대 위구르 문자를 넣지 못했습니다. 고대 위구르 문자의 유니코드 지원이 완전하지 않고, 또한 상업적 이용이 가능한 글꼴도 찾을 수 없었기 때문입니다.
3) 하서회골이라고도 하는 감주회골이 스스로 부른 이름은 불명인 것으로 보입니다. 제 생각엔 아마도 그대로 "토쿠즈 오구즈 나라"라고 자칭했을 것 같으나, 지나친 억측을 피하기 위해 그냥 중국식 이름으로 표기했습니다.
4) 셀렝가강 유역 어딘가에 베이발리크라는 위구르 제국의 대도시가 있었던 것은 확실합니다. 그러나 그 정확한 위치는 알 수 없기에 지도에 표기하지 않았습니다. 재밌는 사실이라면 소그드인 및 중국인 건축가들이 지었다는 것입니다.
Paper 1: www.academia.edu/download/43557903/Uyghur_Khaganate.pdf
Paper 2: scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/22872
The Uyghur Khaganate was a prosperous kingdom that practiced agriculture
An ambassador from the Samanid Empire, Tamim ibn Bahr, visited Ordu Baliq in 821 CE and left the only written account of the city. He traveled through uninhabited steppes until he arrived at the Uighur capital. He described Ordu-Baliq as a great town, "rich in agriculture and surrounded by rustaqs (villages) full of cultivation lying close together. The town had twelve iron gates of huge size. The town was populous and thickly crowded and had markets and various trades."[4] He reported that amongst the townspeople, Manichaeism prevailed.
1. Self designation of Uyghur Khaganate ought to be Uyghur El or Uyghur country. Toquz Oghuz country is how Arabs and Persians referred to Uyghur Khaganate and later Qocho Kingdom. And "Toquz Oghuz budun" in Türk inscriptions refers to "Toquz Oghuz peoples" not land or country.
2. Based on a number of Qocho documents and poems I've seen, Uyghurs of Qocho used a number of self-names for their country - Qocho Ulush, Qocho El, On Uyghur Ulush, On Uyghur El. All meaning either country of Qocho or country of ten Uyghurs. Certainly not Idiqut.
3. Karasahr should go by the name of Solmi. I've seen it on an Uyghur report about reconstructing Beshbaliq by bringing builders, craftsmen and red clay from Solmi.
Anyway, you've done a great job!
Summer capital would be Beshbaliq because it's cooler on the northern slopes of Tengri Tagh/Tien Shan in summer; and very hot in Qocho . Winter capital would be Qocho as it is a bit warmer than the area around Beshbaliq in winter.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 You don't even know who Qarluqs are. Qarluqs were related to Celestial Türks unlike Uyghurs, Qirghiz, Qipchaqs and Oghuz. They were a minority in south Xinjiang and had their own small kingdom in Ili Valley, Almaliq. The origin of Karakhanids is a contested subject - contemporary Muslim chroniclers say Karakhanids were mostly Qarluq, while Song chroniclers say they were of Uyghur origin like their adversaries to the north - Qocho Uyghurs. Today's Uyghurs did not 'form' neither in Karakhanid state nor in Qocho, but in Moghulistan when the two populations merged during Mongol rule.
Chinese envoy account of Qocho: There is no rain or snow here and it is extremely hot. Each year at the hottest time, the inhabitants dig holes in the ground to live in .... The earth here produces all the five grains except buckwheat. The nobility eat horseflesh, while the rest eat mutton, wild ducks and geese. Their music is largely played on the pipa and harp. They produce sables, fine white cotton cloth, and an embroidered cloth made from flower stamens. By custom they enjoy horseback riding and archery .... They use the [Tang] calendar produced in the seventh year of the Kaiyuan reign (719). They fashion pipes of silver or brass and channel flowing water to shoot at each other; or they sprinkle water on each other as a game, which they call pressing out the sun's heat to chase off sickness. They like to take walks, and the strollers always carry a musical instrument with them. There are over fifty Buddhist temples here, the names inscribed over their gates all presented by the Tang court. The temples house copies of the Buddhist scriptures (da zang jing) and the dictionaries Tang yun, Yupian and Jingyun. On spring nights the locals pass the time milling about between the temples.There's an "Imperial Writings Tower' which houses edicts written by the Tang emperor Taizong kept carefully secured. There's also a Manichaean temple, with Persian monks who keep their own religious law and call the Buddhist scriptures the 'foreign Way' .... In this land there are no poor people; anyone short of food is given public aid. People live to an advanced age, generally over one hundred years. No one dies young.[17]
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
Uyghurs, one of the oldest tribes of the steppe and dearest allies to Genghis Khan so much that he wiped out the Qara Khitai Khanate for them :d
That’s bs. Khitan and uighurs have a good relationship when jurchen rebel the uighurs allowed khitans to go through safe passage into Central Asia. Genghis fought against the Kyrgyz. There were no uighurs left except in karlurk, Tibetans and ganzhou kingdom absorb by Tibetans.
@@Willxdiana Muslim Uighurs and Karluk tribes were persecuted in the Buddhist/Nestorian oriented Qara Khitai Khanate hence they asked Genghis for help and their request was accepted
@@nenenindonu that’s by a naiman. Only reason Genghis was in Central Asia was because naimans
Khitan and took over eastern Mongolia and asked ganzhou uighurs if they wanna go to mongoli. Khitan will give them the land. Uighurs said no.
Ganzhou uighurs are yugurs and are tibetan Buddhist like uighur khanate. The uighurs you mentioned are uighurs persecuted by karlurks and converted into karlurks. In fact karlurks and uighurs were fighting. Look at kingdom of khotan. Scythian Buddhist who were for a conversion by powerful karlurks.
>Overthrow the Second Turkic Khaganate
>Become the new hegemon of the steppe
>Adopt Manichaeism and stop eating meat
>Lose martial skills get conquered by the Kyrgyz
uyghurs mostly lose to kyrgyzs because of instability and lack of unity inside them
@@kamiljan_ashiriYeah, manichaeans were strong though nonetheless.
Nah its not bc of not eating meat, they were just in social decline due to pressure from other turks and war with china.
@@DM5550ZПотом они разбивают кыргызски каган и создают Караханидский каган и. Все
Yay, Uyghur Khanate! I remember how you made a video covering this topic. It's been a while
Ordu Baliq was a fully fortified commandry and commercial entrepot typical of the central points along the length of the Silk Road. The well-preserved remains now consist of concentric fortified walls and lookout towers, stables, military and commercial stores, and administrative buildings. There are remains of a water drainage system. Archaeologists established that certain areas were allotted for trade and handcrafts, while in the center of the town were palaces and temples, including a monastery. The palace had fortified walls around it and two main gates, north and south, as well as moats filled with water and watchtowers.
Based Turkic empire
Trời ơi sao đỉnh zậy trời!!! From Vietnam with love~
Dragon Historian, what a radiant title you came up with!
I take off my hat in deep respect in front of your meticulous academic work in this quite critical field and I also would like to mention my heartfelt gratitude for the information and the services you provided for this branch of Turkology..
Video tamamen yanlış adama övgüler döşemişsin
Uygurs have amazing history 👍. Great nation with rich traditions!
A nomadic turkic kaghanate that build cities due to influence from China that was in control of Mongolia before the rise of Genghis Khan converted to a semitic-persian religion influenced by buddhism, after coming into contact with an indo-iranian people
Uyghurs are one of the ancient Turkic peoples👍👍👍 our brothers
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
The Orkhon script in the picture is very good.
Jalairs (Yaglakars) were also their Mongolized remnants according to most historians.
Ne?
I thought you was talking about Jalayrids lol
@@Anwwoo 🐸
Naimans as well right?
@@Paxia yeah. Naiman is Mongolized version of Sekiz Oghuz people from Uyghur Khaganate
Amazing! Thank you
The Jalair
Possibly of the Turkic ancestry, this group of people were captured by the Timuchin's clan and became vassals. In early days, this group of people raided the pasture of rich Mongol woman, Monolun (wife of the grandson of Bodunchar), and killed her and her eight sons. Only Kaidu was saved by his uncle Nachin and later Kaidu defeated the Jalair to be a leader of the early Mongol people. The Jalairs became very much attached to the Mongol people in the ensuing years. Later, they became vassals and got assimilated Muhuali or Mukali was said to be one of them.
The Jalairs were said to be of the Darligin Mengwu tribe and fled west to the Kerulen River after being attacked by the Khitans. Alternatively speaking, Jalair (Zha-la-yi-er) was listed together with Zu-bu and Zhu-bu- gu, i.e., Dadan equivalent, in Liao Shi (history of the Khitan Liao dynasty), which were considered a Huihe (Uygur) tribal alliance since the days the Huihe expelled the Kirghiz from the Orkhon River and Tu'ula River area and rebelled against the Khitans throughout the 10th-11th centuries, with Mo-gu-si Khan launching a Zu-bu dynasty in A.D. 1100 in defiance of the Khitans. That is, the Jalair shared the same ancestry as the Keraits who possessed a Nestorian Mo-gu-si (Marcus in Ecclesiastical Chronicle) - who was a different person from Kerait chieftain Wang-han (Toghrul)'s grandfather Margus Buiruk per Historian Zhou Liangxiao for the generations' lapse.
Jalair is Mongol tribe not turd 😂
Aren't the principalities of Turpan and Kumul the heirs of Uyghur statehood?
It's absurd how often and how drastically the Yellow River changed course through the ages! How was that even possible?
rivers tend to change course
You mainly focused on the Idiqut, but Karluks was a major part of Uyghur history.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 Modern Uyghurs are literally Karlukized Old Uyghurs. In addition, Karluks and Uyghurs are closely related Turkic peoples.
1. Self designation of Uyghur Khaganate ought to be Uyghur El or Uyghur country. Toquz Oghuz country is how Arabs and Persians referred to Uyghur Khaganate and later Qocho Kingdom. And "Toquz Oghuz budun" in Türk inscriptions refers to "Toquz Oghuz peoples" not land or country.
2. Based on a number of Qocho documents and poems I've seen, Uyghurs of Qocho used a number of self-names for their country - Qocho Ulush, Qocho El, On Uyghur Ulush, On Uyghur El. All meaning either country of Qocho or country of ten Uyghurs. Certainly not Idiqut.
3. Karasahr should go by the name of Solmi. I've seen it on an Uyghur report about reconstructing Beshbaliq by bringing builders, craftsmen and red clay from Solmi.
Anyway, you've done a great job!
Make history of Uyghurs from 1755 to our time (including Uyghur revolutions and Uyghur separate states which existed in that time)
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 but everyone names today these people "Uyghurs"
@@alexangelo1998 yes but you have to know this
If you know Qocho is Ancient Uyghur state in Xinjiang stupid...@@alexangelo1998
Your video is great! Also can you make kazakhstan? pls...
I think he already did
@@markus_park but it's old, we need a new one
Уйгуры самые передовые народы в Азии во всех направлениях 👍👍👍
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾don't say bullshit
잘못 말하면 욕처럼 들리는 도시 1위: 베쉬발리크
Background music is specific.. even for throat singing style 😂
I think u should write ✍️ to a publishing company to sell your works
옛날엔 위구르 사람들이 몽골 땅에 있었군요. 처음 알았네요
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 very informative!
@@AlphaCastor it was the Soviet Russians who decided to call them ‘Uyghurs’ in 1920s for their national interest
@@太守苏定交趾 Aren't you a little persistent spammer. Most people around the world until late 19th century did not have an "ethnic nationality" or common overarching ethnic name including notable groups such as Italians and Chinese. Are you a Han Chinese or Qazaq spammer? Isn't the term Han/Zhongguo Minzu from Japanese newspapers of 19th century? Does it mean that Chinese did not exist, until the Japanese have given them the name? The fact that Italians do not call themselves Romans doesn't mean that they are not related to them. And vise versa Caucasian Avars are not historical Pannonian Avars. Turkic groups today are have Naiman, Kereit, Jalayir and other tribal names however all these groups were originally Mongol and Turkic peoples simply adopted Mongol tribal names. But with Uyghurs, we know where historical medieval Uyghurs lived - from Kucha to Ili Valley, from Ili to Gansu and beyond, southern and northern slopes of Tien Shan/Tengri tagh - the same area where Uyghurs live today. And besides the movement to restore self-name 'Uyghur' arose long before the gathering in Soviet Union.
@@AlphaCastor There is nothing informative in his comment. He's just a spammer.
what did you use to make these kind of videos?
혹시 돌궐도 다뤄주실수 있으신가요😮
Background music name?
5:42 Check out his Ending credit
Qarakhanids are also parts of uyghurs
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
@@太守苏定交趾 calling 'kara-khanids' just "karluks" would be strong simplification. Kara-khanids also has uyghur origins and that theory were supported by many scholars and historians like Radlov, Yaroslav V. Pylypchuk, David Brothy etc. Even in chinise sources of Song Dynasty "kara-khanids" appeared under the name of "uyghurs" along with Qocho and Gansu uyghurs:
"In the beginning, when Huigu [Uyghurs] ran to the west, their tribes and
clans scattered in different places. Therefore, there were kehan [Khagan]
in Ganzhou [Zhangye], kehan in Xizhou [Turfan] and heihan [Qarakhan]
in Xinfuzhou [Khotan]. They are all descendants of Huigu."
P.S Karakhanid-muslims only ancestors for modern Kashgarian and Ghulja Uyghurs, modern Turpan and Qumul uyghurs are descedens of Qocho buddhist uyghurs
@@kamiljan_ashiri 5% of Australia population is Chinese but it doesn’t makes Australia a Chinese nation.
Same with Kara khanid only some of its population were Uyghur refugees meanwhile the majority being karluks.
Go and argue with the scholars that i mention above + how on Earth do you can compare modern ethnic population of Australia and population of medieval Kara-Khanid state?Unlike chinese and australians, uyghurs and karluks comes from the same race and language family and even if they were not from the same nation then they were at least very close to each other (scholar Dennison Rose also was thinking that karluks were from the brunch of "Western Uyghurs"), also how do you even know how many uyghurs or karluks lived in that country (Uyghur Yagma tribe were one of the largest and significant karakhanid tribes)
P.S in "Hudad al-Alam" there were also mentioning that uyghurs were living alongside with karluks in the same cities like Balasagun (modern day Kyrgyzstan) and Artush (occupied Uyghuristan)
@@kamiljan_ashiri turpan kumul Uyghurs are formed in the qocho kingdom so they are Uyghurs , I’m talking about those in Tarim basin who are actually karluks another Turkic tribe
Do history of Balkans
*Uyghur Turks adopted Chagatai, the language of the Karluks they once expelled from their homeland.*
I dig the music
Galenus says that the people called Surmata (Sauromatae or Sarmatians) have small eyes and long eye-slits.
Uyghur Khaganat Y-Dna results like Sarmatians
• OLN003_Uyghur :
R1b1a2 (R-M269)
• OLN005_Uyghur :
R1b1a2a2 (R-CTS1078)
• OLN010_Uyghur :
R1b1a2a2 (R-CTS1078)
• OLN011_Uyghur :
R1b1a2a2 (R-CTS1078)
Every time I feel sad I'm comin here to watch Uyghurs
Why is that?
@@biliguyghur5072 I don't know. i'm feeling a really weird bond with this one.
@@yougottamove as an Uyghur I watched this many times, because it was really well produced
Especially the music, each music represents each period, semi nomadic period, sedentary period, and turco-mongol-islamic chaghatai period, these 3 musics give you that vibe for each period.
@@biliguyghur5072 I know. It's a partly a reason of me coming here. And if You want to know the first song - it's called Siberian wilds by Andrei Avkhimovich
And please don't think I like see you struggle, because I want Uyghurstan, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia to be independent from this plagued people of china.
I understand that the Uighurs are Zoroastrianist. Was this something they always practiced or just recently?
Huh?
Error 1300 can Amir Temur
Then kyrgyz defeat Uyghur khanate. But kyrgyz khanate can't be long united central Asia, they just just rule central asia in 50 years. And kidan coming to east land they attacked kyrgyz. And kidans also very important in central Asian history. They found also western kara kidan kingdom
I think Kara Del survived as the Kumul Khanate
Geographically yes, but by that time the Qocho Uyghurs had been fully assimilated into the Moghulistan population, so I didn't think the Kumul Khanate fit in this video.
@@TheDragonHistorian
So modern Uygurs are irrelevant to the ancient uygurs?
@@화이팅-t2q They’re not the same, but I wouldn’t say they’re totally irrelevant to each other. Modern Uyghurs descend from a mix of the ancient Uyghurs, Sogdians, Tocharians, Karluks, and more.
For what it’s worth, the modern Uyghurs chose that name for a reason, so the ancient Uyghurs matter to their identity. The relationship is kind of like the one between ancient Celtic Britons and modern English people who identify as British.
@@화이팅-t2q They are exactly same but they were originally Siberian Turkic speaking but now Karluk
@@화이팅-t2q Uyghurs = Karlukized Ancient Uyghurs
History of the Philippines pls hehe
Yarkhad/yarkent khanate East Turkestan
the uyghurs became yugurs??!! but the uyghurs are now karluks??!!
Yes, it seems that way. Old Uyghur became yugur. Karlak became modern Uyghur. the names got conflated at some point.
@@Fummy007 yugur uygur yugur ygru rgury why dont the modern yugur be like karluyghurk
@Қазақ_Қыят 🇰🇿卐 Weird; I thought the Old Uyghur script was lifted directly from the Sogdian alphabet - one of the many Aramaic scripts used along the Silk Road at that time.
But we can’t have Turks using the _Semitic-based_ alphabet of an _Iranian language,_ right?
I’m all for dispelling Russian untruths about their conquered peoples - but *this* is pure Turanist nonsense.
@Қазақ_Қыят卐قازاق_قيات Perhaps you would be kind to provide us with Naiman written material? Oh, wait there is none that is why we do not even know if they were Turkic (Qazaq in your mind) or Mongolic, but most historians lean towards Mongolic descent of Naimans. Tata Tonga was not a Naiman, but an Uyghur from Qocho, who was sent to Naimans to help administer and manage. This has been thoroughly covered in the academia. Qocho Uyghur Eastern Steppe policy was to send Nestorian or Buddhist missionaries to various northern Steppe peoples (including periods prior to Genghis Khan) to proselytize, help manage things (tax collection, write edicts/commandments, etc) and to act as spies for authorities back home. But how would I know, lets listen to Qazaq folk tales and myths.
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
Mine video's older but yours better
Tang Dynasty accomplices in overthrowing gokturks and contesting in Central Asia as yugur merc lend troops. Only reason why tang taigong became khan was bc of Tiele
Pure Turkic empire
Not xinjiang or xinjiang muslims, only UYGHUR and UYGHURIA!!!
FREEDOM UYGHURIA! FREEDOM TIBET! FREEDOM UKRAINE!
Xinjiang and Tibet are free, sir. How could they gain freedom twice?
Stop feeding your delusion😂
say hi to Kurdistan for me
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
They're the Zoroastrianist. The ARYANS.
Кыргызы разгромили уйгуров.
Зачем этим гордиться. Один тюркский этнос уничтожил другой. И вместо уйгуров пришли монголы
Please I'm begging you. Don't make videos about steppe history/inner Asian history. They are all misleading and inaccurate.
How?
@@xanshen9011 the maps are inaccurate. The borders drawn in the video are arbitrary. The involvement of some certain states in the videos serve to ethnic and ideological assumptions which are not accepted widely, and also incorrect.
@@mrblake4598 Make a better video then.
@@xanshen9011 i made actually. I am the owner of the channel Kayra Atakan and I make videos about history of Turks and Mongols. It is really difficult to produce an ACCURATE video so i haven't get to the Uyghurs yet but you can be sure if I did it wouldn't be like this video it's an insult to the disciple of History.
@@xanshen9011 also saying people make the better one doesn't make any sense. If I weren't a mapper but a history professor, couldn't i criticize the video? Don't i have freedom of speech? What kind of logic is that? I never understand this kind of comments in RUclips.
Uyghur physically are east asian ,they look like chinese , and korea and mongol their previous embrace buddhism eat meat.
Today what we see many uyghur with physic euroasian they are not real uyghur but they are pamir people who live border with karakorom western china .
Proto Turkic people (and therefore including Uyghurs) had Gobid/Turanid phenotype with wide face and big head, they did not have Sinid (Chinese), Baykalid (Tunguso-Mongolic) or Koreanid phenotypes.
Many Slavs, Germanics and Circassians have Asiatic phenotype today. So they are descendants of Turkic peoples by using your logic
@@Samedisi fyi...turkic isnot same with turkey ( turkeye)..ancestor turkic or today uyghur are descendent from siberia..north people.and they were once buddhism, or simitic
Meanwhile turkey (turkeye) or khaliphet kingdom which located at the edge of asia-europe splitted by bosphorus they are hairy caucasus not 100%asian.
Uyghur were forced to became muslim like hazara people suffer from extinction by afghanistan sunni
@@Samedisi Wtf you taking drugs? Mongols are purest Gobid not Baykalid, you guys are Mediterranean race
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them
Уигуры это народ без родины, без флага, как цыгане! 💀💀💀
Бауырым, орысша сөйлеп, соның өзінде дұрыстап жаза алмай отырсың
today ‘Uyghurs’ of tarim basin are actually formed in the Kara Khanid kingdom so they are actually karluks instead of Uyghurs ,if you don’t know this point then you are NOT qualified to talk about them