As a university student I was especially enamoured by the thermoregulation theory, but I think you are correct in stating that it was probably an interplay of several different factors.
@@SmartbyDesign WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE OR IMPORTANCE OF BIPEDALISM: You all missed the fundamental point regarding bipedalism. THOUGHT, emotion, AND feeling are INTERACTIVE. Consider what is a dog or a pig, for example. It's heart is inside it's head. It is the differentiation of THOUGHT in RELATION to emotion AND FEELING that is fundamental ON BALANCE. Indeed, it is a very great truth that THE SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. Sleeping includes dream EXPERIENCE. Consider the body position. The Common Chimpanzee is BETWEEN our dream experience AND our wakeful experience. Consider their much reduced habitat/experience IN GENERAL. For example, ON BALANCE, consider what is their SIGNIFICANTLY reduced experience of pain. Now, consider what is upright waking. INDEED, the Common Chimpanzee lives exactly TWO THIRDS as long as we do (COMPARATIVELY that is, meaning in captivity, of course). In fact, we spend about ONE THIRD of our lives sleeping. Great. ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, consider knuckle walking AND their overall body posture (and/or bodily positioning) with regard to what is BASICALLY a 45 degree angle. GREAT. IMPORTANTLY, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought AND description is improved in the truly superior mind !! By Frank DiMeglio
Good video! Yet another explanation is given by Professor Lia Amaral. She measured the weights of young primates of different species when they become autonomous and the resistance of the hair of the respective mothers to conclude that the need of carrying the babies by humans (instead of them hanging) was an evolutive drive towards bipedalism.
Another interesting theory is that we developed bipedalism to wade through water to find fish and food in the sea. I think that along with these factors could probably play into the increasing bipedalism we’ve developed
@@comedowntopapa1184 i don’t know, but I’d imagine it’s likely that we also got so many resources from the land that we never fully became aquatic mammals amongst other reasons
Some sahelanthropus are still non-bipedal in their early period of evolution. In the Orrorin case they're the earliest one to be the late semi-bipedal meaning their walking are improved but barely used, only used as habits.
notes for pp to better study : provisioning model: (owen lovejoy) main adaption for pair bonding: 1. males no longer fight for females 2. males carry food by walking upright& females look after the young 3. evidence: the size reduction of the male’s canine teeth and body size compared to the female energy saving: 1. environment changes=>food dispersed=>move further for food 2. chimpanzees bipedal and quadrupedal : human walking= 1 : 0.25 =>shift to bipedalism aint difficult& support provisioning theory savannah hypothesis not supportive: 1. evidence=>bipedalism developed in trees 2. Lucy was shorter than modern humans=>not looking for predators postural feeding hypothesis: 1.gathering hard-to-reach food=>explains partially bipedal thermo-regulatory model: 1. reduces surface of body to sun and hot ground 2. gets winds to keep cool humans and apes: 1. human thigh bone is both longer and angles inwards: stand for long periods 2. pelvis& s-shaped spine: balance now humans suffer: 1. back problems 2. women’s wider pelvis=>hurt knee joints
Cool video, though I dislike the emphasis on humans 'overtaking the world' or the suggestion that humans are somehow superior. But appreciate that you covered the different hypotheses on bipedalism.
The problems you point out directly contradict why humans should be walking upright today. If walking upright causes back pain, would our evolutionary process try to eliminate this negative trait? Why would walking upright eventually lead to back pain become the dominate trait over time... that does not make any sense at all.
That’s because everything has it’s pros and cons. Yes we became bipedal, which allowed us to free our hands and use them to tools, but due to the shape of our spine, it caused us to have back pain. Yet the s shaped spine does work on supporting up right movement. The point is evolution doesn’t attempt to make things better, it just modifies already existing traits to make them work.
WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE OR IMPORTANCE OF BIPEDALISM: You all missed the fundamental point regarding bipedalism. THOUGHT, emotion, AND feeling are INTERACTIVE. Consider what is a dog or a pig, for example. It's heart is inside it's head. It is the differentiation of THOUGHT in RELATION to emotion AND FEELING that is fundamental ON BALANCE. Indeed, it is a very great truth that THE SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. Sleeping includes dream EXPERIENCE. Consider the body position. The Common Chimpanzee is BETWEEN our dream experience AND our wakeful experience. Consider their much reduced habitat/experience IN GENERAL. For example, ON BALANCE, consider what is their SIGNIFICANTLY reduced experience of pain. Now, consider what is upright waking. INDEED, the Common Chimpanzee lives exactly TWO THIRDS as long as we do (COMPARATIVELY that is, meaning in captivity, of course). In fact, we spend about ONE THIRD of our lives sleeping. Great. ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, consider knuckle walking AND their overall body posture (and/or bodily positioning) with regard to what is BASICALLY a 45 degree angle. GREAT. IMPORTANTLY, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought AND description is improved in the truly superior mind !! By Frank DiMeglio
Great video. Respectful correction , although still dessented by some, Neanderthals are placed one homo sapiens species line. We carry their DNA , and they carried ours. They were and are as human as we are. Best to everyone.
I much prefer the "aquatic ape" hypothesis, elaborated and expanded by Elaine Morgan, which suggests that during the increasing climate change which drove our ancestors out of the shrinking forests, they followed rivers to beaches / coast lines so as to escape the main heat and most familiar predators and to find easier food that didn't need to be hunted, like shellfish or beached seals. There's sea caves, vegetation near estuaries and most importantly, any predators like sabre toothed cats cannot follow them into the sea. The whole point of being bipedal, initially, was to stand in the sea covered beach so that nothing can hunt them - felines can't win a fight with them, it's too shallow for sharks. crabs and seals aren't going to hurt them, and the worst they have to deal with is the cold, pebbly beaches and maybe floods. They might have stayed there until the climate levelled out, and their new adaptions, like stronger and taller legs, or less reliance on trees and fruit, and more on caves and meat, brought them to the Savannah.
Of course, crocodiles would be a concern, but I still agree with most of the aquatic ape hypothesis. I'd also mention the importance to brain development of fatty acids found in fish. Shallow water food sources are much more resistant to environmental changes, like long winters or droughts, than land vegetation.
One possibility. The higher the meat consumption, the higher the survivability. This would entail greater time spent out of the trees. Those most successful out of the trees there out competed those less successful out of the trees moving towards bipedal movement each generation
If the sole reason or dominant reason to become bipedal was to reach the apples on the top of the tree then why not remain tree habitant and never come to the ground in the first place? Not very smart move to first land on the ground and then try to pluck the apples from there which were within arms length when tree dwelling. I think the real reason is the urge to do slow dance and the square dance in ballrooms.
Overly simplistic. Bipedalism requires major design changes . The balance mechanism in the ears has to readapt for upright locomotion, the hip, legs, knees and feet have to change radically. Also the spine and positioning of the head vertically above the spine is needed. All these changes have to take place in harmony with each other. This is a design problem........ mindless evolution cannot account for this.
the shift to bipedalism in humans is a prime example of how evolutionary processes can lead to complex adaptations over time without the need for a "designer." The fossil record, the interconnected nature of anatomical changes, and the principles of natural selection all provide robust explanations for this significant evolutionary transition.
Energy conservation by using one ambulatory technique instead of a similar one conflicts with physic in terms of law of conservation of energy. To move a specified mass of body by the same distance by any means should require the same amount of work and same energy expenditure. That humans consume 75% of energy than chimps for the same weight and distance poses a problem that requires reconciliation. Were bidedal ambulation superior then humans should be able to outrun cheetah and several other large canines who are much faster than humans. Bipedal walking is pretty clumsy and is compared with walking on stilts but running is bit better but still humans are very slow runners.
i found a Australopithecus skull it was white crystalline quartz at crook well Brook lands cnr of tait and john st on the side of the road a peasant village or rural area. one day 2009-2010 . i kept it as a prop for my lounge as i had no idea what is was i thought i was just a rock. later three moths when i did the proper clean under the lounge and stuff. i place it on my table , i had finished cleaning and was sitting down for a coffee when i looked at it and i could see the eye socket half of it was perfect the other half was pushed , however there was enough after inspection to see perfectly formed teeth in white crystalline quartz the back bone section the clavicle, the nose the ear and even proportion. it was an amazing find. i id not even know how old it was or was anyone around me who seem to have any real skills in this matter more ball and bat people , farmers. however there were two things that even to today freak me out as i looked at it under the magnifying glass and good light at night i could see a clear outline to what looked like a small spear like shape defined exactly on the surface of the skull a small pencil length spear with a point to a wider angle a hand held wooden device. but how old was this i mean crystalline quartz takes millions of years to form one such a large piece .20 cm of white crystalline quartz at one centimetre a million years is 20 million but i was thinking more 3-4 million but i am no expert. i looked at the skull for hours scanning everything around it , i did not believe it when i could see a tiny shape that looked like a small horse. on the skull however the front section to the horse was different more of a shorted mouth but definitely a small horse. it would of only been maximum 10 cm tall . ok so why did we stand up that is what i wanted to say. our species or the overall reason. well it was in anger actually , the first time that we ever stood up was a group of four creatures three males and one female, one male protected the female against the other two males and he stood up and roared at them protecting his mate, this was the first time our species ever stood up and after that everyone was impressed.as our species never knew it could do that .
Because using tools has been invented long after humans where already bipedal, that’s why. So be careful if you’re making comments designed to make you look smart but really show you didn’t think things through...
Yessir always stay in the faith seeking God. Always ask God for wisdom so you won’t be deceived by the world. Don’t believe in stuff like evolution think about this if evolution was real how did creatures reproduce all their sexual organs would of had to evolve millions of years to reproduce.
@@budd2nd ok well if it is or isn’t people still believe in Santa Claus and honestly man I really don’t care what happens to me if it’s nothing Bc I wouldn’t be aware or if there’s something and I am if life is pointless then there’s no reason I can’t believe in something right?
Make sure you check out Cogito's video here: ruclips.net/video/03Vx-RARg1c/видео.html
It was great fun collaborating with you.
Hey I'm here from Cogito's channel. This video was really high quality and you deserve way more subscribers. Just keep trying! :)
Thanks so much, I'll keep at it!
As someone with a background in paleobiology, I approve of this video!
Thanks Phrenomythic. Your videos are great, I just subscribed 👍
Smart by Design Thanks, buddy and ditto!
As a university student I was especially enamoured by the thermoregulation theory, but I think you are correct in stating that it was probably an interplay of several different factors.
as someone with a background in being human, my back hurts.
@@SmartbyDesign WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE OR IMPORTANCE OF BIPEDALISM:
You all missed the fundamental point regarding bipedalism. THOUGHT, emotion, AND feeling are INTERACTIVE. Consider what is a dog or a pig, for example. It's heart is inside it's head. It is the differentiation of THOUGHT in RELATION to emotion AND FEELING that is fundamental ON BALANCE. Indeed, it is a very great truth that THE SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. Sleeping includes dream EXPERIENCE. Consider the body position. The Common Chimpanzee is BETWEEN our dream experience AND our wakeful experience. Consider their much reduced habitat/experience IN GENERAL. For example, ON BALANCE, consider what is their SIGNIFICANTLY reduced experience of pain. Now, consider what is upright waking. INDEED, the Common Chimpanzee lives exactly TWO THIRDS as long as we do (COMPARATIVELY that is, meaning in captivity, of course). In fact, we spend about ONE THIRD of our lives sleeping. Great. ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, consider knuckle walking AND their overall body posture (and/or bodily positioning) with regard to what is BASICALLY a 45 degree angle. GREAT. IMPORTANTLY, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought AND description is improved in the truly superior mind !!
By Frank DiMeglio
I can't thank you enough for this video! It literally saved my biology grade!
Good video! Yet another explanation is given by Professor Lia Amaral. She measured the weights of young primates of different species when they become autonomous and the resistance of the hair of the respective mothers to conclude that the need of carrying the babies by humans (instead of them hanging) was an evolutive drive towards bipedalism.
I heard it all started with two guys having an argument about who was taller. The rest writes itself 🤷♀️
Another interesting theory is that we developed bipedalism to wade through water to find fish and food in the sea. I think that along with these factors could probably play into the increasing bipedalism we’ve developed
homo erectus is an aquatic ape
Why leave the water then? It's full of food.
@@comedowntopapa1184 i don’t know, but I’d imagine it’s likely that we also got so many resources from the land that we never fully became aquatic mammals amongst other reasons
I was reading ember and ember and searched for it in RUclips ..great work
Such a well done video!
imagine if we were still in trees
Some sahelanthropus are still non-bipedal in their early period of evolution. In the Orrorin case they're the earliest one to be the late semi-bipedal meaning their walking are improved but barely used, only used as habits.
Liked and subbed, keep it up.
Very interesting. Great work.
Anyone else be watching this hit high asl?
notes for pp to better study :
provisioning model:
(owen lovejoy) main adaption for pair bonding:
1. males no longer fight for females
2. males carry food by walking upright& females look after the young
3. evidence: the size reduction of the male’s canine teeth and body size compared to the female
energy saving:
1. environment changes=>food dispersed=>move further for food
2. chimpanzees bipedal and quadrupedal : human walking= 1 : 0.25
=>shift to bipedalism aint difficult& support provisioning theory
savannah hypothesis
not supportive:
1. evidence=>bipedalism developed in trees
2. Lucy was shorter than modern humans=>not looking for predators
postural feeding hypothesis:
1.gathering hard-to-reach food=>explains partially bipedal
thermo-regulatory model:
1. reduces surface of body to sun and hot ground
2. gets winds to keep cool
humans and apes:
1. human thigh bone is both longer and angles inwards: stand for long periods
2. pelvis& s-shaped spine: balance
now humans suffer:
1. back problems
2. women’s wider pelvis=>hurt knee joints
you are literally a life saver !!!!!
Appreciate the blank person being the final representation of hono sapiens. You almost never see that
🫣
Cool video, though I dislike the emphasis on humans 'overtaking the world' or the suggestion that humans are somehow superior. But appreciate that you covered the different hypotheses on bipedalism.
Humans are superior though
Shallow water. Elaine Morgan was right.
The problems you point out directly contradict why humans should be walking upright today. If walking upright causes back pain, would our evolutionary process try to eliminate this negative trait? Why would walking upright eventually lead to back pain become the dominate trait over time... that does not make any sense at all.
That’s because everything has it’s pros and cons. Yes we became bipedal, which allowed us to free our hands and use them to tools, but due to the shape of our spine, it caused us to have back pain. Yet the s shaped spine does work on supporting up right movement. The point is evolution doesn’t attempt to make things better, it just modifies already existing traits to make them work.
very good
That is some serious over simplification!
WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE OR IMPORTANCE OF BIPEDALISM:
You all missed the fundamental point regarding bipedalism. THOUGHT, emotion, AND feeling are INTERACTIVE. Consider what is a dog or a pig, for example. It's heart is inside it's head. It is the differentiation of THOUGHT in RELATION to emotion AND FEELING that is fundamental ON BALANCE. Indeed, it is a very great truth that THE SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. Sleeping includes dream EXPERIENCE. Consider the body position. The Common Chimpanzee is BETWEEN our dream experience AND our wakeful experience. Consider their much reduced habitat/experience IN GENERAL. For example, ON BALANCE, consider what is their SIGNIFICANTLY reduced experience of pain. Now, consider what is upright waking. INDEED, the Common Chimpanzee lives exactly TWO THIRDS as long as we do (COMPARATIVELY that is, meaning in captivity, of course). In fact, we spend about ONE THIRD of our lives sleeping. Great. ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, consider knuckle walking AND their overall body posture (and/or bodily positioning) with regard to what is BASICALLY a 45 degree angle. GREAT. IMPORTANTLY, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of thought AND description is improved in the truly superior mind !!
By Frank DiMeglio
Bipedal animals:
Chimpanzee
Tyrannosaurus rex
Velociraptor
Utahraptor
Spinosaurus
Chicken
Blackbird
Blue bird
Allosaurus
Bonobo
Kangaroo
Owl
Human
Jerboa
Kangaroo rat
Carnotaurus
Ostrich
Penguin
Monkey
Koala
Bear
i think this needs to be updated. sahelanthropus isnt the earliest to show anymore
Thank you!
Hi, how do you make these videos?
The 7 dislikes were from monkeys
i dont get it
You’re not wrong
@@Black_Metal he means monkeys today that can’t walk on two legs
Great video. Respectful correction , although still dessented by some, Neanderthals are placed one homo sapiens species line. We carry their DNA , and they carried ours. They were and are as human as we are. Best to everyone.
Wow apples in warm weather I mean it's amazing
I much prefer the "aquatic ape" hypothesis, elaborated and expanded by Elaine Morgan, which suggests that during the increasing climate change which drove our ancestors out of the shrinking forests, they followed rivers to beaches / coast lines so as to escape the main heat and most familiar predators and to find easier food that didn't need to be hunted, like shellfish or beached seals. There's sea caves, vegetation near estuaries and most importantly, any predators like sabre toothed cats cannot follow them into the sea. The whole point of being bipedal, initially, was to stand in the sea covered beach so that nothing can hunt them - felines can't win a fight with them, it's too shallow for sharks. crabs and seals aren't going to hurt them, and the worst they have to deal with is the cold, pebbly beaches and maybe floods.
They might have stayed there until the climate levelled out, and their new adaptions, like stronger and taller legs, or less reliance on trees and fruit, and more on caves and meat, brought them to the Savannah.
Of course, crocodiles would be a concern, but I still agree with most of the aquatic ape hypothesis. I'd also mention the importance to brain development of fatty acids found in fish.
Shallow water food sources are much more resistant to environmental changes, like long winters or droughts, than land vegetation.
I swim and walk with my legs to free my hands for tool use
Well it's still hard to believe ...the movement forward up against the vortex of the atmosphere
One possibility. The higher the meat consumption, the higher the survivability. This would entail greater time spent out of the trees. Those most successful out of the trees there out competed those less successful out of the trees moving towards bipedal movement each generation
Not all humans exclusively walk on two legs. Republicans in the US, for example, drag their knuckles when walking.
Meanwhile pro-CCP politicians in Hong Kong walk with their hands and knees.
What is the first song, in beginning of the video?
Why we walk upright ? If we didn't we'd fall over DWEEB !
We walk upright because it allows us to carry stuff!
Do you reply to comments?
If the sole reason or dominant reason to become bipedal was to reach the apples on the top of the tree then why not remain tree habitant and never come to the ground in the first place? Not very smart move to first land on the ground and then try to pluck the apples from there which were within arms length when tree dwelling. I think the real reason is the urge to do slow dance and the square dance in ballrooms.
Walking upright relies on gravity because it requires less energy.
I wonder what's next?
What about the idea that we developed bipedalism in marsh areas
Deep breathing and yells
Overly simplistic. Bipedalism requires major design changes . The balance mechanism in the ears has to readapt for upright locomotion, the hip, legs, knees and feet have to change radically. Also the spine and positioning of the head vertically above the spine is needed. All these changes have to take place in harmony with each other. This is a design problem........ mindless evolution cannot account for this.
And yet evidence suggests otherwise
@@GuardianSoulkeeper just another mindless arrogant comment !
the shift to bipedalism in humans is a prime example of how evolutionary processes can lead to complex adaptations over time without the need for a "designer." The fossil record, the interconnected nature of anatomical changes, and the principles of natural selection all provide robust explanations for this significant evolutionary transition.
Energy conservation by using one ambulatory technique instead of a similar one conflicts with physic in terms of law of conservation of energy. To move a specified mass of body by the same distance by any means should require the same amount of work and same energy expenditure. That humans consume 75% of energy than chimps for the same weight and distance poses a problem that requires reconciliation. Were bidedal ambulation superior then humans should be able to outrun cheetah and several other large canines who are much faster than humans. Bipedal walking is pretty clumsy and is compared with walking on stilts but running is bit better but still humans are very slow runners.
i found a Australopithecus skull it was white crystalline quartz at crook well Brook lands cnr of tait and john st on the side of the road a peasant village or rural area. one day 2009-2010 . i kept it as a prop for my lounge as i had no idea what is was i thought i was just a rock. later three moths when i did the proper clean under the lounge and stuff. i place it on my table , i had finished cleaning and was sitting down for a coffee when i looked at it and i could see the eye socket half of it was perfect the other half was pushed , however there was enough after inspection to see perfectly formed teeth in white crystalline quartz the back bone section the clavicle, the nose the ear and even proportion. it was an amazing find. i id not even know how old it was or was anyone around me who seem to have any real skills in this matter more ball and bat people , farmers.
however there were two things that even to today freak me out as i looked at it under the magnifying glass and good light at night i could see a clear outline to what looked like a small spear like shape defined exactly on the surface of the skull a small pencil length spear with a point to a wider angle a hand held wooden device. but how old was this i mean crystalline quartz takes millions of years to form one such a large piece .20 cm of white crystalline quartz at one centimetre a million years is 20 million but i was thinking more 3-4 million but i am no expert. i looked at the skull for hours scanning everything around it , i did not believe it when i could see a tiny shape that looked like a small horse. on the skull however the front section to the horse was different more of a shorted mouth but definitely a small horse. it would of only been maximum 10 cm tall .
ok so why did we stand up that is what i wanted to say. our species or the overall reason.
well it was in anger actually , the first time that we ever stood up was a group of four creatures three males and one female, one male protected the female against the other two males and he stood up and roared at them protecting his mate, this was the first time our species ever stood up and after that everyone was impressed.as our species never knew it could do that .
:-( Outdated. A missed opportunity.
This video omitted the obvious answers.
Google "ape and human evolution made easy 2018 Verhaegen".
no serious video puts music over the text
To be closer to God.
Why wouldn't carrying tools be a viable contributory theory? Seems too obvious to be original.
Because using tools has been invented long after humans where already bipedal, that’s why. So be careful if you’re making comments designed to make you look smart but really show you didn’t think things through...
inb4 100k+ subs
:)
Why do human marry
to signify a life-long commitment.
Nothing in the design is useless
🤣🤣🤣😂🤣🤣🤣🤣😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😂🤣
monke
Please do not explain it as macro evolution is a fact
Lol
Lots of screaming
I still believe in God
Yessir always stay in the faith seeking God. Always ask God for wisdom so you won’t be deceived by the world. Don’t believe in stuff like evolution think about this if evolution was real how did creatures reproduce all their sexual organs would of had to evolve millions of years to reproduce.
@@jesuscameforrelationshipno4165 thanks man
This video is about science not man-made myth systems.
FYI evolution has been proven, denial just shows the world how ill informed you are.
@@budd2nd ok well if it is or isn’t people still believe in Santa Claus and honestly man I really don’t care what happens to me if it’s nothing Bc I wouldn’t be aware or if there’s something and I am if life is pointless then there’s no reason I can’t believe in something right?
When did the video attempt to dissuade you about God?