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Compound Modifiers 🔗 Advanced Grammar with JenniferESL 👩🏽🎓👨🎓
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- Опубликовано: 6 авг 2024
- More grammar: • English Grammar Lesson...
Advanced grammar: • Advanced English Gramm...
Conditionals (IF clauses): • Conditionals (IF-claus...
Adjectives clauses: • Learn Adjective Clause...
Verb Tenses: • Verb Tenses in English...
Index
0:05 Introduction and my Top 5 Family Movies
1:28 Participles as modifiers
1:57 noun + past participle
4:53 adjective + past participle
6:42 adverb + past participle
8:35 noun OR adjective + present participle
11:34 Other patterns used in compound modifiers
13:03 Bonus questions!
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Hi teacher, thanks so much, I've been searching for a lesson like this quite a while, and found many but this is the best one.
Many questions about " compound adjectives" have been answered today.
Miss, I've watched a lesson about ' compound adjectives" produced by " BBC learning English" and they said " we don't add a hyphen if an adverb ends with " ly" and a noun comes before a compound adjectives, and all the numbers between 20 and 99 must be hyphenated
So what i understand is that we can form compound adjectives like this:
adj or noun or adverb + pp+ NOUN
adj or noun or adverb + present participle+ NOUN
Hyphenated adjectives+ NOUN
Hyphenated nouns + NOUN
Hyphenated numbers + NOUN
And all the hyphenated words are adjective of the noun that follows.
Here it is an example for each case:
Brown-eyed man
Space-backed fighters
Well-done presentation
Street-cleaning man
Hard-winnig game
Can we say:
Hard-winning football game?
Great-teaching teacher ( I don't know whether or not this compound adjective is correct)
Blow-bright sky
Smith-George theory
Two-hundred-page.book
And
I hope that my examples are correct.
Thank you for posting your comment. It's a very good one, and I'm going to pin this to the top because I need to clarify an important point. You're actually right that "a brightly lit" room is often written WITHOUT the hyphen (even before the head noun). It probably wasn't the best example to give. I apologize. However, you still may encounter its use. For example, look at the caption of a photo published by USA Today. They use "brightly-lit" as a compound modifier. www.usatoday.com/media/cinematic/video/2936287002/las-vegas-snow-makes-brightly-lit-strip-look-dreamy/
I also think it's hard to come up with rules that use the word "never," such as never use a hyphen with adverbs that end in -ly. How do you explain these dictionary entries if that rule is true?
www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/tightly-knit
www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/slightly-built
My instinct was to hyphenate the compound: a brightly-lit room, but I can't find many other examples in published works confirming this pattern.
It's mostly about trying our best to be consistent. I also have read the rule about using the hyphen when the compound modifier comes before the noun, but not when it follows a linking verb. (It's a brightly-lit room. / The kitchen was brightly lit.)
In general, when it comes to grammar rules, one resource may say DO and another will say DON'T. That's when I look through the search results of trusted sources (major newspapers, etc.) to see what the standard is.
Your examples look good overall, but I'm not sure what a "space-backed fighter" is.
I'm also not familiar with "street-cleaning man," and it seems more natural to say "a street cleaner."
Remember the difference I noted between present and past participles? If a team won a game, then "game" is the object. We can focus on that in a passive sentence: The game was won. We use the past participle because it carries that passive meaning, so the better description, in my opinion, is "a hard-won game."
With the example about the teacher, I'd use a different structure: a great teacher. Otherwise, it sounds too repetitive.
I'd also keep it simple in the example about the sky: a bright sky.
One more short note: I'd personally use "tight-knit" as a modifier, not "tightly-knit," but again it's about trying to be consistent. www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/tight-knit
@@Englishwithjennifer
Thank you, Jennifer for the thorough explanation. 👍
I'm sorry I wasn't more accurate to begin with! My bad cold has likely affected my judgment this week. LOL Well, I'm happy I can try to clarify here. :)
@@Englishwithjennifer many thanks for replying, I really appreciate it.
About " space-backed-fighters
It is an imaginary expression, and it means fighters supported by the space.
I know it's ridiculous to say that , but i wanted to know if it's grammatically correct, the same thing with " street-cleaning man" and ' great-teaching teacher".
I will chick out the websites you mentioned in your response.
In the end, i think that there are many expressions we have to take or accept them as they are like
Well-done....
Hard-working....
Blow-eyed.....
Etc...
I had a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to know a marvelous teacher like you Jennifer, and I am grateful with it.
I'm grateful for the chance to share my lessons. Take care and see you on Simor soon!
Great lecture and what a gentle way to teach!
Thank you for the kind comment.
Thanks a lot, Jennifer! I have learned many new words because of the lesson!
That's wonderful, Sergei.
Awesome job Jennifer!
I really appreciated today's lesson, teacher Jennifer!
Happy to hear that, Marcelo.
Marvellous lesson. I'm particularly jubilant with that lesson. Thank you very much indeed. A
So happy that you're happy, Andrea. Have a beautiful weekend! :)
Thank you Jennifer! Your lessons are very helpful for me to prepare for IELTS exam. 👌👍
Good luck!
Thank you so much teacher Jennifer. I had always wondered about the use of hypen when writing a person's age.
Glad we could clear up that doubt. :)
A great video to practice English Listening. Looking forward to your videos.
I hope you also watch my short videos on Instagram. I target listening, speaking, and pronunciation there. :)
JENNIFER ACOMPANHO SUAS AULAS E APRENDO MUITO! ! OBRIGADO E DEUS TE ABENÇOE PARA MINISTRAR MUITAS AULAS AOS BRASILEIROS! ! 🙋
Thanks for visiting my channel. :)
Nice lesson. Good for vocabulary building and writing skill. Thanks
You're welcome, Anil! :)
Learned a lot.Thank you.Love you❤❤❤
You're welcome. :)
this is what i really need right now. thank so much
Happy it's useful. There's more to talk about...more patterns to consider and some punctuation rules to discuss. I'm glad we made a good start!
Great ! thank you Jennifer,
My pleasure.
Absolutely thank you.
You're very welcome! 🎉Happy New Year!
Thank you for your beautiful lessons
You're welcome. :)
one of the best examples ı had watched sımılar ones,,you are sureto be the best one, thank you janıfer,
Thank you for the support. The important thing is to reflect after watching lesson and ask any questions to clarify. Please see the pinned comment to this video. There's a short discussion about adverbs ending in -ly. I should have been clearer about this, but I think the discussion has helped.
@@Englishwithjennifer do not worry about ıt ,of course ıt is,jenefer,bye now
Bài giảng thật tuyệt! Cảm ơn Cô rất nhiều!
Thanks for watching the lesson. :)
I am regularly- watching your tutorial.your explanation is amazing. i appreciate your effort .
Thanks for studying with me.
Note: Remember that most of the time adverbs will be adverbs, and you won't need hyphens. If you look at the pinned comment on this video, you'll see a discussion about adverbs ending in -ly. So you can talk about watching things regularly or regularly watching things. We don't need to use a hyphen with a verb phrase like "regularly watch your tutorials," and many would not hyphenate the noun phrase "regularly scheduled programming." But other adverbs in a compound would use a hyphen consistently: a well-behaved child, a well-read person, etc. Hope that makes sense.
@@Englishwithjennifer Got it, You are great !
Thank you Jennifer
You're welcome.
I'm learning on my own, I don't know if this is completely correct, but your video is one of the most useful videos I´ve ever seen, thank you so much
Thank you for studying with me. Here are more videos to choose from.
www.englishwithjennifer.com/students/yt-videos/
Thanks, Jenny.
You're welcome!
Many thanks indeed
My pleasure.
Super eye-opening! Get rid of your fear-based mind with JenniferESL!
I love your long-lasting enthusiasm, Mollie. :)
Good-watching channel I have ever watched. I am sorry with my broken english.
Thanks a lot
You're very welcome!
You r my favourite English teacher
Thank you for studying with me.
Thanks a million
My pleasure, Odair. Take care.
You're a creative-thinking person thanks
Thank you for the kind words. I hope you found the lesson useful.
Hi Jennifer as always you're amazing teacher
Your videos are very helpful and excellent and you explain very well your method is nice
Thanks a bunch my dear teacher
I hope you have a great day 😉
Thank you for the kind words of support. I'm glad you're here with me today, Aparecido. Take care and enjoy the weekend!
@@Englishwithjennifer Hi Jennifer you're awesome thanks a lot and have a lovely weekend you and your family 😉🇧🇷
Very useful lesson thanks
You're welcome. :)
Incredible video . 😊
Thanks, Eva.
It was great video thanks a lot ma'am
You're welcome.
Madame thank you very much to you.
You are most welcome!
Nice style of explanation 😊✌️
Love from India🇮🇳
Thank you, Saloni.
Always my favourite teacher 😊
May God gives you so many happiness with success in your life 😊🎁
Keep Smiling 😊✌️
Excellent mam.
Thank you.
Hi dear teacher,
First of all I want to say thank you for this helpful lesson.
I am very pleased to watch this video and I just wrote this comment to ask you, if possible, to create more of these ones (i.e. advanced topics) for us who want to read more complicated texts and reading more advanced books or journals (such as The New Yorker, The Economist, to name but a few). I am always have this difficulty to read and find the meaning of these modifiers in the newspaper or articles, however, I am not either. Thank you ans actually you are the sweet-talking person!!
Hi Nima. I'm going to try to keep a balance in 2019. I'd like to offer both basic and advanced lessons. There's a need for both. I hope to expand on this lesson because there's a bit more to discuss. If you come across a specific structure that's confusing, let me know. It might lead to a new lesson topic. ;) Happy to hear you're reading authentic texts like The New Yorker.
@@Englishwithjenniferyou are right and thank you for further teaching this topic in detail. I have a difficulty of understanding the meaning of the sentences with the following structure:
1) Past participle ----, independent clause.
(Example: Prepared for the exam, he watch TV.)
2) ing ---, independent clause.
(Example: doing his project, he go to the stadium.)
I have a 4-part lesson on reduced adverb clauses. That might be useful for you. :)
ruclips.net/video/ZmwWGcXA7us/видео.html
@@Englishwithjennifer Hello dear teacher, I have watched these four videos, however, I am also not really understand the following question:
1) How could I know what was the original sentence (i.e., before reduction) ? How could I tell that adverb clause was Time clause or Reasoning Clause !?
2) How could I know the adverb clause words (like as, because, since, after, before!) after they have been omitted? How could I tell that the word was after or before or since !?
Reducing clauses can happen when the subjects in both clauses are the same, and the relationship between clauses must be clearly understood. That's why in some cases we keep the adverb like "before" or "while":
While taking a walk this morning, I came up with a new idea for a video.
Before going to the dentist, you should brush your teeth.
BUT
Sitting by myself in the park for a whole hour, I had plenty of time to think. (The relationship is clear enough. It doesn't really matter whether you see it as a time relationship or a cause-effect.)
Thanks so much my teacher😘😘
You're welcome!
In the textile industry, ready-made garments and ready to use (pret a porte) is so common. Ready to eat foods are hot selling..
Examples of compound modifiers
An excellent unpacking of English, it shows how pliable, malleable and ductile the language is, we can use it to express complex thoughts on the go so easily and quickly. No need to use long words with hidden with meanings in Greek or Latin, just hook up simple English words with compound modifiers..Jennifer tells you how to do it, for free.
Your knowledge is specially useful inn today's world of whatsapp and facebook where you have to express yourself through the written word on the fly. Do this with routine chores like cooking!
(In Dubai for the week ahead, gallivanting. with my 29 year old son.
Enjoy your time in Dubai with your son. :)
I hope you read the pinned comment on this video. The discussion continues. One video is never enough to address a topic. I need the opportunity to clarify and produce more examples. An interesting point came up with adverbs ending in -ly. Language is indeed malleable, and we're also not always consistent as a global community, and this causes some disagreement. But as long as we try to have standards and we are open to variation, then communication should be successful. :)
Thanks for adding more examples: ready-made, hot-selling.
great i like it you have great videos
Happy you're studying with me.
Thanks you
You're welcome!
thanks for the lesson.
I have a couple of questions if you don't mind :
1- Should we always combine the ending 'ed' with body parts concerning compound adjectives ?
2- Is it grammatically correct that compound adjectives whose first modifier which is an adverb with 'ly' isn't supposed to be separated by hyphen along with the second modifier ?
Hi.
(1) Compound modifiers with body parts aren't all that common, but the general pattern is to use the -ed ending:
a one-eyed pirate
a three-legged table
a one-armed soldier
a web-footed bird
(2) Again, let's talk about patterns and not rules. I was taught to hyphenate compound modifiers before a noun, but I recently took the time to look at many results online, and I see the general trend is not to use hyphens in compound modifiers with -ly adverbs.
Do a Google search for "heavily armed soldiers" and filter for News. The first 10 results include some major news sources, but only one (ABC news) chose to hyphenate the modifier. Here are results from the British National Corpus. www.just-the-word.com/main.pl?word=heavily&mode=combinations Look at the first cluster with adverbs as part of the modifiers before the head noun. Click on a phrase like "heavily armed" to see it used before a noun.
@@Englishwithjennifer thanks for the clarification
Nice one! Way to go
I was wondering if I could create my own words using those patterns you have talked about?
Sometimes we make up new compounds, but mostly the patterns here are to help you understand how compounds are formed when you encounter them.
@@Englishwithjennifer thanks
0:08 Where did you learn to do a cartwheel? How does the story go?
Love your smail
Thank you for the kind comment.
This is a very good lesson which helps clear up the mystery regarding hyphenated adjectives. We saw how the hyphenated groups of words all modified each other and were very closely linked. This one wouldn't be hyphenated as there is no link between the adjectives: 'A funny tall man has appeared on my television screen.' The words 'fast' and 'car' don't get hyphenated in this example: 'A fast car is required.' However, this one does get hyphenated; 'A fast-moving car is required.'
It's good to note the different between compound modifiers and a sequence of adjectives. Thanks! :) Maybe we can have more fun playing around with adjectives at the next live stream.
@@Englishwithjennifer Yes, I think this subject has a lot of mileage in it. I really like the lesson.
Jennifer, what is your opinion of this: Given that adverbs modify adjectives, verbs and other adverbs and are not known for modifying nouns, why do they act like adjectives in these examples: There are some people here. I will take a few things with me. Can we say that in these examples the adverb is acting as an adjective?
In the first: "There are some people here." Are you focusing on "here"? I'd recognize that as an adverbial.
It does get weird when words can have more than one function. That would be a special live stream for grammar nuts. ;)
@@Englishwithjennifer Right. The questions the adverbs ask and answer are: how, where, why and when, but they also acts as quantifiers. So, 'some' is acting in unison with 'here' in my first example (There are some people here) and 'few' is acting in unison with 'will take' in my other example (I will take a few things) There are? There are what? There are some. 'Some' would act in unison with 'are' in this example: There are some people in class. This would vary from these example: 'There are three people in class' and There are helpful students in class.'
It doesn't stop with 'some' when we look at adverbs of quantity: loads of, plenty, enough, many, few, etc, etc. We could say that the adverbial quantifiers are giving a vague quantity; whereas, the actual adjectives like three, twelve, thirty are giving an exact description. Having said that, collective nouns can be a bit vague also: 'There is a crowd outside' and 'I will take a bunch.'
Now for my next question...Only kidding :>)
The tricky thing about teaching/studying grammar is deciding how much to focus on at one time and when it's worthwhile to digress. Ha ha. You're getting into expletives, a fun homonym, by the way. I took a quick glance at this. You may like the discussion. www.cjr.org/language_corner/expletives.php
That's very nice
Thank you!
Hello Jennifer, I want to say thank you for this lesson 😍😍😍😍, you're definitely an amazing tutor, I trust you more than anyone✨🌺🌹🌺 ,by the way, I want to leave my requests here, could you please note them?? 😢😢😢I would love to see some of them in future videos, 😞😞
Here, they are :
_a series of modal verbs.
_a lesson about adverbs.
_the difference between these prepositions:
across /across from /opposite
above /over /upon
under /below /beneath /underneath
to/toward
into /onto/off
beyond ,along
_20 day Slang challenge.
_figure of speech.
* Finally, what is the best book of grammar do you recommend??
Thanks, that's all 😁😁I hope you note them ☺☺ have a nice day.✨🌺🌹
Hi. I noted these earlier requests, particularly the modal verbs and prepositions. Little by little, we can address more grammar. :)
There are many decent grammar books out there. Do you want one for self-study? I think you might also like a detailed grammar reference book, one that teachers use. Many teachers turn to The Grammar Book and Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English.
@@Englishwithjennifer
Yes Jennifer, I want a grammar book for self study. ☺☺ If you know one, please give me a link to download it.
Thanks ☺☺
Try looking on Amazon. Not sure if you can find PDFs of these.
@@Englishwithjennifer
I find one is called grammar in use by Raymond Murphy. Do you know it?? Actually I like it.
Yes. Many students and teachers started out with a copy of Murphy's book. If you have an answer key, that's good for self-study.
Muito bom, tem algum método pra iniciante ?
Please look here: www.englishwithjennifer.com/students/yt-videos/ I'll share a new basic English lesson next week. :)
I am allergic too, but I like to spray myself with a hint of sweet-smelling cologne every now and then. Particularly, for special, momentous occasions.
A light spray of cologne or perfume is nice. :)
@@Englishwithjennifer
Thanks, Jennifer. 🌹💝
I Love you my teacher I'm watching you form kurdistan i hope reply my comment😍
Warm greetings to you from Massachusetts, USA!
Dear Teacher,
Are compound modifiers always considered singular?
Thanks!
Compound modifiers are like adjectives, so we don't talk about plural or singular. However, if you build a modifier from a noun, then usually the singular is used: a computer program (not "computers program"), teacher training (not "teachers training"), etc.
The librarian quickly leafed through the book. is "leafed through the book" a noun phrase with head word book?
"Leaf through" is a phrasal verb. The object is "the book." BOOK = head noun/ THE = determiner
@@Englishwithjennifer thnx Ma'm ..
💘
Hi Alexandr. Have a good weekend!
Ms. Jennifer was there every thing O.K that you could not reply for 2 days?
By the way what is the abbreviation of O.K ?
Hi. We usually write OK and "okay." The periods are unnecessary. I usually respond within 24 hours, but some comments might be missed. Once I approve them, some disappear from my view as I go back into the list of public comments. YT can be strange that way. Thanks for your patience. I do my best. There are a lot of comments each day. ;)
Hai dear ma'am. Good morning 😍
Hi there! Have a great day.
ممكن تسويها فديو كيف تقرر اني هسا اعرف حروف انكليزي بس ما بعرف اجتمع مع بعض اقرأ
Hi. Do you want to find video on reading? You can search for "phonics" or "learn to read." Good luck!
I have lessons on the alphabet: ruclips.net/video/WhE8Qi0y9gY/видео.html
أعتقد إنى ممكن أساعدك. أنا رائد من مصر. إذا بتقبلى تواصلى معى.
How's it going? A strong hug for you from Santos-SP, Brasil!!!
Sending a warm virtual hug back to you from Massachusetts, USA!
Ma'm I have read about every phrase modifier except for participle phrase modifier. I can't see any link on internet with the name participle phrase modifier, why is it so?
Not all sources use the same terms. Some use the same terms, but definitions can vary. Why don't you search for one of these terms:
participles
participial adjectives
verbal adjectives
participial phrases
participial phrase as modifier
@@Englishwithjennifer thanks Ma'm ..
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Thanks for the support.
@@Englishwithjennifer Teacher is not me👍👍👍😉😉😉☺️☺️☺️☺️😙😙😙😙
The sentence: "in the image of God created them" would this be a transitive verb or ditransitive?
I am thinking that it is transitive but I am having problems with the prepositional phrase
Hi. I think a subject is missing in your statement. Who created them? I think it's logical to use the passive: They were created in the image of God. Or use "God" as the agent: God created him in His image. "Create" is transitive; it requires an object.
@@Englishwithjennifer the subject is implied from the context. What I want to know as it stands, what classification would you give it interms of the verb?
However I am working on the Hebrew verb Bara (to create) in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. I am trying to put each occurrence in transitive ditransitive or intransitive in order to classify them for investigation. I am using cognitive semantics as my methodology.
Dear Ma'am can we call every adverb and adverb clause modifiers also ..
Adverbs are modifiers. There single-word adverbs and adverb clauses. Does that make sense?
@@Englishwithjennifer Yes Ma'm ..
"The family was entertained by the clown" Ma'm can we say that in above sentence participle phrase "entertained by the clown" is functioning as a modifier of the noun phrase "the family"?
That's a passive construction.
subject = the family
was entertained = passive verb
by the clown = prepositional phrase to name the performer (agent)
SVA
state verb and action verb always confuse me.
How can I avoid confusion?
It can be a future topic for a lesson. :)
Use a learner's dictionary to confirm usage.
www.ldoceonline.com/
www.learnersdictionary.com/
Nice
Thanks!
Ma'm it is said that participle is used as an adjective e.g. working woman, burnt toast or as a noun e.g. good breeding. However when I search for participle on Wikipedia, it says in its first and second line "a participle ... plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb." I have understoold participle's role as adjective and noun, but how about its role as adverb?
Participles are most often used in verb forms and as modifiers (adjectives).
Would've been
Could've been
Should've been
Must've been
Could you make a Video for these?
i dunno know how to use these ..
i hope you grant me this favour
Massive Thanks Teacher Jennifer God bless you and your Family 👍❤️🙏😃
Hi. I have grammar videos on perfect modals (would have been, etc.) and pronunciation videos on reduction. Here's the playlist for Fast Speech. ruclips.net/p/PLfQSN9FlyB6SEBVnec8LYuyLRvq3OcT-x Look for the lessons on reducing sounds. I explain why "would have been" sounds like "would of been" or even "woulda been."
Hello Dear Teacher,
I would like to know grammar behind this concept. In the following pharases, past participle is used in the begining.
1- Skilled Nursing Units
2- Assisted-Living Facilities
Thank you
The past participles modify the following words: What kind of nursing? Skilled nursing. What kind of living? Assisted living. (No hyphen needed.)
@@Englishwithjennifer It means that they are working as adjectives because they're modifying nursing units & living facilities. Am I right?
One more question, you mentioned skill nursing. Should it be skill nursing or skilled nursing?
Thank you
Typo. Sorry! I fixed that. Yes, I see them as modifying the following nouns.
😃😍😘😂
Ma'm it is said that Quantifier is a kind of determiner but what confuses me is that few grammar links show determiners as modifiers. For example a site says "that" is the modifier in noun phrase "that dog" while other sites quote demonstrative adjectives as determiners. Is there any easy way to distinguish between them or it is ok to use these terms interchangeably? Kindly guide me so that I never confuse these terms.
Hi. Most think of adjectives and adverbs being modifiers. We can also have noun modifiers and prepositional phrases as modifiers (acting like adjective or adverbs). Not all agree on terminology. Did you see my 3-part lesson on the parts of speech? See my grammar playlist. Quantifiers are often grouped under determiners. I think it's helpful to separate determiners from modifiers, but again, not all sources agree.
Useful links:
dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/determiners/determiners-position-and-order
www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/modifier
@@Englishwithjennifer I love your answers. Thank you so much.
⭐I believe that God has put gifts and talents and ability on the inside of every one of us. When you develop that and you believe in yourself and you believe that you're a person of influence and a person of purpose, I believe you can rise up out of any situation.
⭐🏆⭐🏆⭐🏆⭐🏆⭐🏆⭐🏆⭐🏆⭐
That's a very inspiring view. May we all have enough faith in ourselves to make a positive difference. :) 🌻🌻🌻
Thank you dear jennifer 😊
"That painting is not unlike one I saw in New York.
Your drawing looks very much like a dog.
His directions are not very much like the original." It is said that in above sentences, adverbs are functioning as modifiers of prepositional phrase, however I am unable to spot prepositions in the above sentences. Kindly guide me. Source: parentingpatch.com/prepositional-phrase-modifier-english-grammar/
The prepositions are "unlike" and "like."
One might argue the adverbs modify the verbs, by the way.
@@Englishwithjennifer Thank you so much Ma'm ..
My teacher help me English please
Feel free to post questions after watching a lesson. I do my best to answer them. I'll share a new basic English video next week. :)
hello
Hi there!
Good jinnefar how are you
Where are you today sand me WhatsApp number please ok
Doing well. How about you?
I'm good
Jack Sparrow is a one-eyed pirate.hhhhhhhhhhhhh
Love Captain Jack Sparrow!
Hello welcome my gharenty you tips cnotine you program
Hi! Hope this was useful. :)