Low Carb Denver 2020 Interviews - Dr. Rod Tayler and Prof. Robert Lustig
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- Опубликовано: 24 мар 2020
- Dr Rod Tayler is an Australian anaesthetist with an interest in low carb nutrition. He is the founder of Low Carb Down Under which hosts a range of resources to assist people to optimise their health and weight.
Robert H. Lustig, M.D., M.S.L. is Professor emeritus of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He specialises in the field of neuroendocrinology, with an emphasis on the regulation of energy balance by the central nervous system. His research and clinical practice has focused on childhood obesity and diabetes. Dr. Lustig holds a Bachelor’s in Science from MIT, a Doctorate in Medicine from Cornell University. Medical College, and a Master’s of Studies in Law from U.C. Hastings College of the Law.
Dr. Lustig has fostered a global discussion of metabolic health and nutrition, exposing some of the leading myths that underlie the current pandemic of diet-related disease. He believes the food business, by pushing processed food loaded with sugar, has hacked our bodies and minds to pursue pleasure instead of happiness; fostering today’s epidemics of addiction and depression. Yet by focusing on real food, we can beat the odds against sugar, processed food, obesity, and disease.
Please consider supporting Low Carb Down Under via Patreon. A small monthly contribution will assist in the costs of filming and editing these presentations and will allow us to keep producing high quality content free from advertising. For further information visit; / lowcarbdownunder 
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this guy is a hero wish we had more doctors like him.
Dr. Lustig saved my life.. Thank you..
AMEN ME TOO
I remember back in 2009 when I was looking to lose weight after so many failed attempts. I thought to myself, it cant possibly be this hard, what am I missing?(and no I wasnt doing it on my own, I consulted doctors, nutritionists, certified fitness people, etc, and couldnt do it, got fatter everytime and failed over and over, think about the psychological damage that does to you). I then saw sugar the bitter truth by robert lustig, and it got me into the rabbit hole and mess that is nutrition science. but thanks to him, and then some people like gary taubes, and consequently other low carb people, managed to be lean for the first time in my life thanks to following their advice. Yes calories do matter for losing weight, but theres something else we are missing, avoiding sugar , refined carbohydrates and mostly focusing on real foods while not vilifying fat. by doing that, it made the process of losing weight enjoyable and effortless. thanks to guys like robert lustig I wouldnt be able to be here today enjoying good health, and would probably have been twice as obese as I were back then,following blindly my nutrionist outdated recommendations. god bless robert lustig and everyone in the low carb movement.
I saw an interview with dr Berry and a nutritionist that was very informative; she had just written a book called The Nutritionist s Dilemma. Sorry I cannot remember her name but the interview is on dr Berry’s you tube lineup. It’s worth seeing.
Same, luckily without going through a bunch of specialists. Within a few months dropped 30 pounds and stayed that way. That lecture was a game changer in my life. His books are great deep dives as well.
I actually _did_ lose weight the hard way: 40 lbs one summer and 50 lbs a summer years later. But it was brutal. I kept myself hungry all the time. Man oh man, I wish I had known about keto. I can lose weight without pain now.
Gary Taubes saved my life. Dr Lustig showed me how to live it. He’s brilliant. I’ve watched the full lecture Sugar, The Bitter Truth at least 6 times.
Why? Why are you saying the Prof. did a U turn?
@@grraadd totally agree with you. Vegans cannot possibly get all the nutrients needed for good health - they always have to use supplements. And we don't need "fiber" as he said, and as many carnivores have attested to, and are thriving. I do believe Dr. Lustig is correct about sugar and eating real foods though.
Dr. Lustig is a national treasure.
@@ByGraceThruFaith8453 The reason the "carnivores" don't need fiber is because they aren't eating any fructose.
This information made a major change in my life. Before I discovered it, I was hungry all the time, tired, never got enough sleep, my joints hurt, and I was gaining weight at an alarming rate. My Doctor told me I had Insulin Resistance (Pre-Diabetic Type 2) and may soon have to be treated for it. Once I discovered the problem, I made MAJOR changes to my diet, used Intermittent Fasting, and after 5 months I've lost 53 pounds so far. It used to hurt walking, but today I walked 5 miles and no problem. I haven't had the blood test yet, but I'm sure that the Insulin Resistance is gone.
Let us know how the test goes. :-)
Yes you will see and you will be blown away Keto and intermittent fasting will turn you into superhuman you will see!
Thank you gentlemen
I’ve been an admirer of Robert Lustig for some time.
The Low carb down under channel here on YT is one of our best resources, I’ve been watching for years,
thank you Rod Tayler for all you do.
I watch this video 6 times.
The facts are so condense, that I need to digest & memorise the true facts. It is deep truth facts.
Because of Corona quarantine I have more control of my diet (as opposed to go to the cafeteria every day) and I only eat meat and vegetables. Man, I feel great and have lost some weight!
M Rei silver lining! Congrats. I hope you can keep it up. I’ve been very very low carb for 11 years. It’s amazing.
Carnivore is even more amazing I though Keto was brilliant until I stopped eating vegetables and salads and I found anothet level of Fantastic!!!
I started keto too while on lockdown, little exercise and sit-down work at home. I'm losing weight and feeling great! Only eat once or twice a day.
LCHF moderate protein
Wow! "if it has a label it's a warning label"
That has to be the most relevant comment I've ever heard about eating!
Yes sadly enough... I am a little bit disappointed... Dr Bikmann is now supporting "Keto-foods with labels" i took it at once as a warning...
My mom used to say that when we moved to this country years ago. Food in America was obviously not food but a money machine.
Dr. Lustig changed my life and saved my life. I always was skiny but I had high bood sugar and risk of diabets. His conference made me change my diet and I m ok now. My blood sugar is no longuer high and I feel great. I was drinking to much soft drinks.
"Feed the gut. Protect the liver." Whole food. If its got a label...its a warning label.
Looking forward to reading his new book.
Dear Dr. Lustig! I really admire you very much! I said something similar in some comments on your previous videos and watched them all and bought all your books. God bless you! You gave, for instance, some information that others don’t! Are they biased or forgettable? I don’t know, but you, you gave us really useful data, base for our further search! Thank you again and again!
Thanks for your time, first time I've heard you speak. Very interesting and informative.
Are you guys talking to Kellyanne Conway? You know she is on the Presidents Health Committee, ya? They accept calls and meetings, and maybe you could take Dr. Fung, Ivor, and David Sinclair to the meeting with you. We need you giving input to the coming new health system that will insure we have the best for the people.
"If you eat real food, 75% of chronic disease would go away" Robert Lustig 2020. 👊
If you're in the remaining 25% category, a full carnivore diet is a sensible option. Lamz, 2020.
@@Lamz.. I agree. Real food can be things like raw organic honey or high starch vegetables. Doesn't mean they are good for every person. Especially those with metabolic disorders.
A great short video, full of health-giving knowledge that is simple to implement.
So clear! to the point! What matters, without regarding the different Diet-contrahents vegans or keto-people.. Dr Lustig is the ONE I trust 100%. Waiting for his new book "the immoral hazards"
It is fabulous to hear such a compact summary of all these brilliant insights. I am sad that my german friends and french family do not understand english well enough... How long do they need to wake up? 100 years? Another big problem of many people is the lack of knowledge in biology.. you do not believe what you do not understand... And as long as the mediciners feel not concerned.. there is no hope
I agree with you about the lack of biology knowledge.
At 11:16
"We're all just big bags of bacteria, with legs"
Epic, I love it! :-)
Glad to hear the real news and way to health. Keep it up.
A brilliant interview
Immoral Hazzard is a play on a n esoteric term. Even Dr. Taylor seemed stumped. It's no wonder that Dr. Lustig knows the term because he has studied law. Good interview, and his book is truly needed.
Glad he came up with *Metabolical* instead.
Great thanks for the whole lcdu!
Thank you so much, we support you
Can’t wait for the book whatever it will be called!!
Ooo man can't wait for the book!
A brilliant man.
In the past I have roasted pumpkin and sunflower seeds for a tasty snack. Both are high in omega 6 and Dr Lustig stated,
as far as I understood, in another video, that heating omega 6 turns it into a trans fat! I am horrified - many people do this, thinking they are eating healthily - so much to learn!............
I think the problem with PUFA is that it is prone to oxidation.
this channel tells the truth very informative
I LOOOVE Robert Lustig! He's worth hearing the mouth noises, but next time you interview him... please give him a bottle of water.
Thank you so much for this very informative video. That’s what the NHS here in the UK should be shouting from the rooftops EAT REAL FOOD ANDS STAY HEALTHY. ❤️
Wow. This vid is The Condensed Lustig. So remarkably much valuable info in 15 minutes. The only question is, can you the viewer grasp/assimilate it all? If you can, you will be healthier.
I believe this is either an invitation to deepen all the stuff with his conferences or a reminder, just as we get again confused through too much informations and influences
11:50 Protect the liver, feed the gut.
I think this is Dr. Lustig's new book: Metabolical: The Lure and the Lies of Processed Food, Nutrition, and Modern Medicine
Thank you for this very interresting and informative program. There are no labels on my food, just my soaps.
And I hope that the soap labels say, "All One" on them. 😏 (Dr. Bronners)
Self awareness is our only savior. We have got to realize the food industry is feeding the health care industry to become overwhelmed. Self accountability and watching what you place in your 👄 has got to be your responsibility. I do not agree with eating fruit, turns on insulin if you are trying to lose excess weight. Stay in the fight and change the way you eat one day at a time, one step at a time and success will embrace you
The truth will set you free. (John 8:32)
Yup. Pharma and food industry are buddy buddies. They support each other and get insanely rich off people's misery and agony. Think about that.
Currently carnivorish and I know fibre, fruit and veg are unpopular atm but I will take my advice from Dr Lustig over internet chatter every day.
दस हजार दुआएँ डॉक्टर रोबर्ट लस्टिग जी के लिए। Real genius is who identifies the most common maladies and focuses his life on it. Say it with me, sugar addiction and technology addiction.
How do we make sure agri-corps do not turn real food into processed franken foods through genetic engineering?
Dang! This man is a goddamn national treasure.
Damn i want the book published.
Immoral Hazard. Dead on. Love this intelligent man‘s extremely valuable information 💪🏻💚
Cutting out carbs/sugars saved my health!
The real question
If fiber is good because of butyric acid, which is generated and poorly absorbed in your large intestine, it seems it would only feed the bacteria and your intestinal lumen
If you get into ketosis, you make beta hydroxybutyrate, delivering to your entire body.
Wouldn't this be superior?
Sanguine butyric acid generated in the colon is a trophic factor for the intestinal cells but can also be absorbed. In short bowel syndrome patients with a retained colon the calories generated by MCFA and absorbed are around 300kCal/d. So fiver is good for these reasons. Taking exogenous fats is ok as long as you don’t combine them with carbs I suppose.
@@dimitrispanagiotakopoulos5768 seems i was incorrect on poor absorbtion.
Looks like 95% generated is absorbed, but notes it's undetectable in the portal vein due to it's rapid use.
academic.oup.com/femsle/article/217/2/133/501025
But then why can you get high blood levels to all your body, such as from ketosis, and not from fiber fermentation?
Is it the amount generated?
The form it's generated in? BHB vs butyric acid
Or both?
In either case it seems the benefits from fiber butyric acid is still mostly limited to the gut. Where as there are high whole body levels from fat metabolism.
Though I did find this, so some systemic distribution occurs from the distal colon from fiber/resistant starches, bypassing the liver which would use up any remaining otherwise.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4903954/
Would seem the best route, till the question is answered, is low carb & fasting to promote ketosis. The carbs you do consume, try to make sure they are fiber and resistant starches. But would you potentially be better without even the resistant carbs in the first place, or are they simply unnecessary if sufficient fat metabolism from ketosis? Maybe depends on the individual, but still haven't found a good source to answer this conclusively.
the gut microbiome does way more than produce butyric acid; check out this study.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463098/#B195-foods-08-00092
this makes a lot sense. god created all food, and all that food that is for us, is therefore good for us, in moderation. one food is having something but is also lacking something, which you compensate with other food. it all comes down to eating natural. natural food as it is supposed to be eaten. whole food. real food. diversity in microbiome is the real health, and you get it with diverse food. everything in balance. maybe thats why mediterranean diet is the healthiest in the world. because it consists of real and all food, even wine.
Not really the Med diet is a bunch of lies
Look at all the old Italian people they are all overweight and suffering from heart problems
Northern Italy has one of the highest heart illness in Europe! And Highest Blood pressure!
Evidence is the Covid 19 has devastated this Area
Italians eat way too much Pasta and Bread with every meal
This is refined grain
CARBOHYDRATES
OVERLOAD!
@@shakespeare_hall4788 then those people are not eating healthy, simple as that. med. diet is still probably the best diet in the world. refined grains arent good, but whole grains are. complex carbs are good. so, the diet is good, but not many are following it as they should.
i love this. God bless you.
I did not stop from eating anything, but I stopped mixing different types of food on my meals. If I eat meat or veggies, I don't eat carbs. If I eat carbs, it's only carbs and nothing else, or very very little mixed for taste. I noticed right away less bloating, etc. I already ate little, but always felt bloated regardless, very strange. And I noticed another thing: when it comes to carbs, there seems to be a difference between rice and pasta for example. Pasta doesn't make me bloated. Rice makes me bloated and seem to impact the whole body for days. Why would this be? Because it comes from grain?
FeelingShred pasta comes from more deadly grain than rice 😁 pasta comes from wheat and dont tell me you didn’t know that 😁
veggies are sugar... or carbs. grains are not only carbs, but they contain very toxic shit (all seeds do).
Dr Robert Lustig needs also to dig into the harms of Omega6 Linoleic Acid.
These folks seem to just go halfway. I have been near zero carb and near zero fiber for well over a year. My bowel movements became so simple.
I only eat animal products. Mostly beef and eggs. Some cheese and chicken and pork.
I’m in strong ketosis. Constant blood glucose below 100. Usually 80-90. Never really get hungry but eat twice a day. I rarely snack.
Life is good!
Ahmen!
Yes me too
I fell off the wagon over Xmas and all my old complaints started to come back
So now I am back to Carnivore and loving it!
Sweet
Nice 👍
I appreciate the message and agree that refined sugars as well as hyper palatable foods are dangerous but this discussion provides a dangerous over generalization. If you start your life out eating a "balance" of real food OK. But to dismiss the need for proper macro distribution completely neglects the state of the modern world. Eating a ton of fruit and potatoes then some steak would not be healthy for example. I think a lot of people could feel encouraged to do exactly that when they hear 'eat whatever so long as it's a real food'.
he spent a long talking about fermentable fiber and he mentioned veggies, dairy, and eggs--all of which are nutrient-dense if added to a well-balanced diet. He also mentioned the benefits of veganism and made it clear that one has to be smart about eating whole foods if vegan.
If it has a logo, it's a no-go.
God Bless you Dr. Lustig. Thanks Low Carb Down Under.
So how come my chronic IBS didn't go away until I stopped all vegetables.
Maybe excess oxilate. Just a wild guess.
Steve Papps this is so true, I don’t know how this man can see veganism is OK. Veganism is a death diet or a starvation diet
I've read similar anecdotes. Someone needs to look into that.
Lectins possibly? See Dr Paul Mason or Dr Steven Gundy vids
You're clearly a 25 percenter. Too bad he's so adamant about fiber, he and Paul Mason should have a discussion about that.
Isn't a hamburger without a bun just ground meat and possibly some vegetables? What's wrong with that?
Make sure your Beef is not grain fed OK
Grass fed and or organic!
Hamburger pattie is usually made from low grade beef namely Grain fed lot farmed and you are still eating Carbs this way!
@@shakespeare_hall4788 let's not spread new BS. Meat is meat and has no carbs. Grass-fed beef has been shown to have a healthier fat composition (significantly more Omega-3) and also slightly better in some micronutrients and antioxidants. Having a conscious diet w/ enough fatty fish, good eggs and fresh greens, there's probably no imbalance or deficiency in those (micro)nutrients. Beside that, pasture farming is also considered more ethical and environment friendly.
Having explaind that, I still don't get why burger w/o buns should be not good. I think he wanted to point at "no veg keto" but formulated it somehow ambiguously.
@@roxchblickt it’s also elitist and privileged to get all wound up with rules rather than good enough choices.
I thought if you're insulin resistant then that means you produce high levels of insulin, and these constant high levels of insulin makes your insulin resistance stronger, leading to even higher levels of insulin resistance. So don't understand why dr. Ludwig said some of the normal adults had an insulin resistance problem, not an insulin release problem..
@14:00 There are people who should not be vegan, though. It's possible to have genetic mutations that make it so they cannot convert precursors from plants into the micronutrient the body needs. For instance, beta carotene -> Retinol. Retinol is what the body needs. Beta carotene is just a pigment that most people can convert into retinol. Some can't. The best source for retinol is organ meats or shell fish, by far.
I’m currently in hospital with my daughter in the uk- they are pushing to feed her artificially with foods containing glucose, seeds oils and high carbs and MCT- she has stunted growth and cystic fibrosis- but they blaming her whole foods diet on the reason for her not growing. They have been threatening me with neglect and want to tube feed her.
They claim she needs to up her carbohydrates intake by 150% despite the fact I’ve told the, she has increased respiratory symptoms, becomes irritable, demotivated and her cognitive function also declines.
I’m at a loss- and feel much like my parental responsibilities are at risk. Please help me.
How can low carb, keto affect autism?
I'm surprised to hear that saturated fat is only _"neutral"._ I thought it was beneficial.
Just imagine if edible technology was made out of fructose.
Apocalypse !!
How bout Metabollical for a title ;-)
“People love to hear good news about their bad habits.”
5:00 sorry but I don't agree with this, it's not that simple... We could say that old folk were addicted to drinking, addicted to prostitution, addicted to get into fights on the street, addicted to wife beating etc etc. Hell, we could say that there are grown men addicted to "wearing shorts and playing ball games", men addicted to sports. It's not simply internet or technology. In the old days it was radio. Yes, the dopamine reward system is something that can become dangerous, but it always existed, it's not new. Same misconception with the "hook up culture", it exists since cars were invented because it was the first time couples could have intimate time away from their parents, it's not something that the internet created, it always existed.
I don't think he's saying the internet created addiction. What he's saying is that it is wrong for companies to profit from addicting us to video games, social media, sugar, processed food, high-drama news, pornography, shopping, gambling, alcohol, opiates, and every other damn thing they've perfected to make money at the expense of our health and sanity.
At 14:16 he should speak with Dr Shawn Baker who full carnivore no vegetables!
That's just insane. Good grief. Meat only? Seriously? Enjoy your heart attack
Rae morrill....meat doesn't cause heart disease, oxidized seed oils and processed sugary foods do...please do your research before spewing nonsense
@@RaeMorrill
lol, get out of the 1950s chump.🤣
@@RaeMorrill Haha you people crack me up!.. Haha... Mainstream Moron
Do some research
Before you start capping on people from a height
This commend wasn't made lightly or to get a few laughs from you!
It was offered as another chance for you to learn something that might give you a better life!
@@rw3833 Yes Exactly
Big Pharma And Big Corporations rule the world!
2-4 teaspoons is much of sugar , considering that :As far as the brain and body are concerned 2/3 of the fuel can be ketones from fat, and 1/3 will be glucose.
And this 1/3 of glucose comes from GLUCONEOGENESIS, where the body can make its own glucose. And where does it get it from? From:
GLYCEROL which is the part of the FAT break down- 20g of glucose per day,
KETONES- 10 g of glucose per day - part of FAT break down,
RECYCLED LACTATE- like 40 g of glucose a day!!!,
ORGANS can generate up to 80g of glucose,
ALANINE - which is an amino acid from the muscle that can give you 15 g of glucose per day.
Only after 30 hr of fasting, you will completely deplete your GLYCOGEN which is a stored sugar in your LIVER.
Brain loves KETONES and so feeding your kids with chocolate before exams thinking that otherwise, the brain will not perform is wrong. That extra sugars from the diet are toxic to the cells. 2g of sugar is what the body needs per day, and it is metabolized from FATS. So , sugar is non-essential , when fats and amino-acids are !
Truth right there!
If vegan is fine, where should one get B12 and retinol ? I was fed meat from age of 2, I can assure you, vegan is not fine. Vegetarian maybe, because you still getting dairy, fish and eggs, which are enough to sustain life. I was vegetarian for more than 10 years.
Fructose? Just remove the letter r and you'll have the right attitude towards 'sugar'.
I don’t trust most of the doctors on low carbs down under.
But I trust Robert Lustig even though they invite him.
He’s more balanced in his views instead of trying to sell me an extreme diet that’s impossible to comply with.
Bacteria do slightly outnumber us, but not 10 to 1, that's a long outdated assumption.
the correct current number now is 1.3:1 :) learned that in microbio. idk how I still remember that number.
75% ha, likely over 90% of disease would go away
I have previously looked at them as experts in health. But I am now wondering if I even want to listen to them anymore. Are they completely ignoring social distancing?
The President serves guests Fast Food / = Poison to guests... He really needs to listen to Lustig, Fung and Ekberg ! 👍
Ya ! That's what I was saying take a whole bunch of people. The President will meet. This is a key that only contributes good to mans turbulent journey here these days.
@@LaRoucheisright The Orange Clown wouldn't listen to anyone but himself.
Ok you lost me at Vegan....we are not ruminants
Because he doesn't understand physiology - he just stumbled upon something :-) Bart Kay made a commentary to Lustig's speech - good video.
I eat everything in moderation as long as it’s a whole nutrient dense food and practice portion control
I'm only sorry to hear the introduction music. Don't want it.
what's up with the dying of the hair?
I think he is just going white.
the ''need'' for fiber has also been debunked. We don't have any dietary need for fiber
I agree. It took me years to get here. Carnivore now.
can you share your research please? first time hearing this.
@@nourishedheiress ruclips.net/video/4KrmpK_Lckg/видео.html
Social distancing?
Why did they not cancel this event? It looks as though they do not have a social conscience.
They are intelligent.
@@sallyevans602 check the date and the geographic location
If the current pandemic continue, it will eventually cause the shortage of food supply, there might be some famine in some area, and the number of obese people will reduce significantly. This coronavirus is trying to make everybody go on strict Diet.
Hope no one got sick from Covid-19.
Lcdu ppl dont suffer from sars2
#Mitochondrialoverload
I don't have any diseases that I know of and am not overweight, in fact I am very lean, but am I extremely irritated by the food industry because I always feel weak, lacking real nutrition and energy. Sorry but I haven't thrived in life yet because I don't have my own kitchen and space, so I have relied on whatever I can get and most of it is complete trash and I innately have always known it. Someone must pay for this great negative impact on my life, and I am confident they will get what they deserve. Money won't save you from God's judgment.
WOW... going crazy here - "vegan is fine". Mr Lustig - you should learn what vegan is... You can't get basic nutrients from vegetable slop - BAD ADVICE...
Actually, he's "Doctor" Lustig.
Spot on grraadd!
Yeah, you don't need fiber, and it's not even that good for you. Same thing with fruit. It's extremely hard to do keto wrong. And almost impossible to do vegan, right? But yes, it is their choice as long as they don't look down on and harass others for eating a healthy planet sustaining diet.
I don’t like the comment about the insurance industry. I have worked in insurance for 22 years and despite what people think, we do help people. Without insurance people would not be able to recover from catastrophic losses.
Omega 6 is essential, because the human body can't make it, and a certain amount of inflammation is essential for healing. Too much of anything is no good, including Omega 3.
Robin Lillian Yes, omega 6 and omega 3 are both essential. Inflammation is important in healing - when there is a problem. But if there's inflammation only due to an imbalance of omega 6 and omega 3, that's not good. The problem currently is that, in following current nutritional advice to avoid sat fat and use seed oils, the average Westerner consumes around 25:1 omega 6 to omega 3. They both "compete" with each other in uptake in the body, so omega 3 uptake is overwhelmed by omega 6 uptake when consuming such a high omega 6 to omega 3 ratio. Ideally, we should be aiming for a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio (omega 6:omega 3), although the literature suggests up to 4:1 is still ok. But 25:1 is definitely not ok.
Good luck overdosing on Omega 3, Omega 6 on the other hand.
Perspective please...
I find this man (Lustig) very hard to listen to. Grating in fact.
To all the people who gave this video a thumbs up: I would not listen to anything Dr. Lustig has to say. I watched a video where says that there is no natural food in this world that contains carbs and fat at the same time BECAUSE " that's evolution, that's what God did". He made an absolute fool out of himself!!!
Just don't eat animals and none of this would be happening...tine will prove this💛💛💛
While I agree with much of what Dr. Lustig says, however, I find him to be pompous and arrogant in his presentations.
I think he is a genius and he saved my life.