I have just watched this, and am watching it again. please, what are those other energy-currencies in living Organisms, other than ATP and GTP? this is super-interesting. I feel like They rob Us when They teach Us because We've only been told about ATP, this is the 1st time I'm hearing about anything other than it. where can I find more comprehensive Info about it? thank You, best regards.
ATP a good supplement? What does it mean when you take DHEA and it makes you tired natural testosterone supplements and it makes you tired 80P Works per week that makes you tired?
@@ClaimClamyes, and people talking on topics they have no certification for or any sort of formal education on can be corrupted and malicious at a much higher rate.
@@ClaimClam as true as that is, i suppose you've been around enough to see how huge alternative medicine propagated by uneducated grifters is on youtube. I do agree there is a plethora of "doctors" on yt, mostly guilty of holding a phd in one field but believing they have complete understanding of every branch of medicine spewing a lot of lackluster information to large audiences. But every doctor on yt usually does analysis of studies, which allows and encourages dialogue in the comments, while grifters encourage echo chambers of anecdotal evidence, trapping regular folk much harder.
@@gitnjur @claimclam Everyone should do their own research after hearing information. Agree with both of you, but more with clam, but only if you do your own research. “Trust the science “ talk comes in, science is always changing, always wrong. Derek from @MorePlatesMoreDates is near an experts knowledge from just doing his own research and has had real world experience
Look up Morley Robbins, Dr Chris Palmer, and Dr. Thomas Seyfried. They all discuss addressing mitochondrial function from different angles (optimal nutrition minus key toxin), neurological disorders, and cancer as a metabolic disorder. They all work with clients who have seen some profound positive changes. This information is no magic oil, though - welcome to complex systems.
ATP, the energy molecule output of mitochondria, is badly misrepresented. It is actually Mg-ATP, the ATP is a doorstop in the cell without a magnesium 2+ attached to it. For some fun, try to find magnesium listed on a “nutrition label” inside your local grocery store. Seems Big Brother doesn’t want our Mg-ATP functioning at peak capacity!
Copper runs cytochrome c oxidase, which spilts oxygen to produce ADP (and water) that can be flipped into Mg-ATP, the TRUE energy molecule of the cell. Want more fun? Try to find copper on a “nutrition label!” Big Brother strikes again! Copper is actually toxic, so it has to be complex with a protein called ceruloplasmin (blue blood) before it can be transported to 40 quadrillion mitochondria and every else it goes. ATP7B is the enzyme that loads copper into ceruloplasmin, and ATP7B depends on magnesium and retinoic acid to function. There is that pesky magnesium again! Ceruloplasmin levels are very often less than half the levels as seen in the 1940s. Worse, ceruloplasmin May or May not even contain copper. Ascorbic acid bleaches the copper out of ceruloplasmin. Glyphosate chelates copper to a oH below stomach acid. HFCS block copper absorption. NPK fertilizer has no copper or magnesium in it.
The more I learn, the more I find that unlocking the secrets of mitochondria will lead to a greater understanding of so many diseases. The human body is amazing!
Personally when I fast I can feel an abundance of energy in my body, like bouncing off the walls. Walking becomes easier, jumping, etc. When eating it's totally opposite. I feel sluggish, bloated, low energy, and more cravings.
Fasting triggers different cascades outside of what's being discussed here cf. senescent cell cleaning. only dry fasts promote fat tissue lypolysis over muscle/organ tissues as shown in The Phoenix Protocol by August Dunning.
Beautiful. An Elegant explanation of something that was really so dull to learn 40 years ago when I studied biochemistry. Additionally- the way in which Krebs and ultimately our health - responds to our lifestyle choices is such a wonderful teaching angle , one we did not receive in the 1970s. The only thing I would add from a teaching perspective is the amazing fact that mitochondria are actually bacteria that have adapted to living symbiotically in our cells ( have I got this right ?) . So mind blowing. All of it. So pleased I found this site. Thank you.
@@Spencer-m3b yes, but as a slooow eater, I want to know (as do many of us) do you have to eat the entire meal in 1 hour, or can I have my appetizer at noon, my main course at 1, and my wrap-up main course at 2? then not eat until the next day. I have never heard anyone answer this,but I think it works OK, but I could be wrong
It occurs to me that smaller mitochondria have a greater surface area to volume ratio than larger/longer ones. Because of the selective semi-permeable membrane coupled to energy production, this greater ratio gives them a greater potential throughput which helps them cope with processing greater amounts of available "nutrition" (energy surplus). Conversely, a larger mitochondria will be able to leverage smaller quantities of available nutrition in order to maintain adequate energy production. In other words, the mitochondria adjust their surface area to volume ratio in response to nutrition availability in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
It is not the size of a mitochondrion that matters but the amount of the inner membrane folds. The energy processes happen on the whole surface of the inner membrane, so the more folds within the mitochondrion the more effective it is.
Really pleased to see this information. I have EDS ( a genetic connective tissue disorder ) which is challenging and my 14 years of studying health has enabled me to manage the difficulties better.
@@alperenylmaz1344 yes 👍 keeping as fit as possible at age 71. I was prescribed a stairlift, a bath hoist and an electric wheelchair 12 years ago after a year in hospital. I was very weak. I refused all and Im still trying to manage without. I have Classic Ehlers-Danlos. I now eat plant based and gluten free. Makes a huge difference to my inflammatory state and energy/ recovery from injuries. Good luck.
In the year 2010, and continuing to this day, doctors at the VA giggle then refer me to mental health, for describing exactly what you say in this video. A healthy mitochondria is a healthy you.
In these bleaky times your channel is like a fresh air of optimism blowing to our minds and hearts. Thank you Nicolas for your good heart and for your efforts to share valuable knowledge about the welfare of our lives.I wish you many many and happy 😊 years my man!
Thank you for your explanations, I found them most helpful. I was a teacher myself many years ago, and I found that trying to teach a subject caused me to go back to square one and re research the subject in order to try to teach it, especially if the students were really intelligent themselves..!! Best wishes for your Thesis..!!
Such a fantastic argument for the benefits of fasting and the dangers of overeating or under exercising. Thank you so much! I just discovered your channel today and subscribed and I'm looking forward to digging in!
Just found the channel today 🙌.. brilliant... amazing insider lnowledge... Adds to Dr. Berg's keto channel... n the fight for REAL information as opposed to bs from the fda... 💯 subbed
Just an anthropology person stopping by lol. This aspect of the research is particularly relevant for my interests of study. I will readily admit that the chemistry is OUT of my league. That’s why we refer people like you who like this stuff! You got me to understand the important parts so I got what I came for
This is absolutely fascinating!!! I teach 8 to 13 year old children about neurons, protons, neutrons, atoms and molecular structure of DNA. This helps me to understand and teach better!! Give thanks my brother 🙏🏾☀️💛🌻🧘🏿♀️🪶💋
This makes a lot of sense, as an engineer this resembles how dam's manage pressure and energy generation. I think it would be interesting if you could integrate the role of storage to dampen the fluctuations in demand and supply "flow" rates. As we usually never see a perfect match between demand rate and supply rate, I think that would bring the system full circle.
I was the 24/7 caregiver of my 83 year old husband of 61 years for 3 years. When he went into the hospital for the last time, my essential tremors increased substantially. STRESS is apparently what motivates essential tremors and stress also seems to effect the mitochondria. I have been following all information concerning the mitochondria, which I feel is the cause of my essential tremors…
thankful this popped into my recommended vids, incredibly interesting, i have been attentively playing around with my own diet in recent months and my experience aligns perfectly with what is described here.
Nic thank you so much for your channel content and passion You are extremely relatable at taking what is complex information and making it understandable for the layman You truly bless me Andy
Finally a real expert! Just found you yesterday. We really need you Nicholas. So much contradictory info out there! My sister and I are delighted to have discovered your podcast. We also enjoy your "bedside manner". Our father was a physicist, BTW😊😊❤. THANK YOU FOR EVERYTHING.
Great content on a subject that’s getting a lot of controversy from academia lately. Hormesis is the mechanism that was thrust on our ancestors, resulting in our survival. Today that process has been replaced by chronic comfort and convenience. Fasting is something some of us fly across the world to pay exorbitant fees to a glamorous spa somewhere on a European coast!
Hi Nick, please don’t beat yourself up (as in the follow up video) you did an excellent job of making this process understandable and clear, and for an elderly biology wannabe, you make this cellular micro ecology more sensible. Time and increased understanding by Scientists such as you and your colleagues have unraveled the Krebs Cycle we were taught in high school biology, was taught as “the multiple blind individuals describing an elephant”, while that was >60 years ago, today thanks to your presentation I can see most of the Elephant. Well done look forward to part II.
Oh my goodness. This is so interesting. This is the first video on your channel that popped up on my feed. I’m off to view others now. Thank you for doing these.
Nic, this is a great presentation. I am semi retired and enjoy these conversations/presentations. Some of my favorites are Dr. Peter Attia, Dr. Bruce Liption and Dr. Joe Dispenza. I also like Dr. Perry Nickelston and Dr. Gabrielle Lyons. Dr. Ben Bickman and Dr Steve Phinney, Dr. Jeff Volek. I listen to these fine doctors whenever i have time and I am very grateful.
struggling with long covid since 8/2020 with extreme fatigue. early on I realised that when I fasted, I could do more than was my baseline. Still doing one day fasts several times a week. Your video provides theory to that :)
Yup, good things happen when your body is not constantly forced to digest and metabolize unneeded food. Fasting is much easier, and I belive more effective if starting from a ketogenic/fat burning state.
I STRONGLY disagree!!! He wasted 3 times more words then necessary, to explain a topic that could have EASILY been described in well under 10 minutes...
Probably worth mentioning that bypassing ATFsyn would result in heat production. Same outdoor temperature feels different if you are on good supply or if you are fasting for some time.
Wow. You explain these things so very well, many thanks. I'm once again astounded by the seemingly miraculous complexity, efficiency and sheer beauty of our body. I've been intermittently fasting for a while now and see many benefits ~ but now I can be urging those protons in the mitochondria to travel well !
I really enjoyed this video. A fellow academic and teaching professor here in psychology and neuroscience. I kniw you are passionate about your work and what you are doing. This work is absolutely critical for all to learn and understand given how incredibly unhealthy our society has become, and obesity is at 42% in the West. Actually, it's soread to much of Europe and part of Asia,those most Asian cou tries have normal BMIs. I just wanted to thank you because I can include sone of your findings with my Health Psychology class. You are an excellent instructor and those most R1 jobs are reaearch focused. Please consider teaching because it's so important to get this work out. And you are quite good at taking a complex topic, and making information easier for a lay audience to understand. You will make a great faculty member if that is your career path. Congrats on being advanced to candidacy. Well done!!
@@untonsuredhowever their BMI might be normal, but their blood works not so much. A lot of these thinner bodies are sometimes metabolically unsound, believe it or not. I’m more on the lab work.
It seems like the intermembrane space acts as a H+ buffer. Splitting into multiple mitochondria increases the ratio of volume of intermembrane space with the volume intracellular matrix. Inversely, elongation reduces that ratio, making the H+ buffer smaller, which is unnecessary when the energy production doesn't grossly outpace the energy needs
This is very good, so to take it a step further, what we need to grasp is how to effectively/optimally an average person expend/retain (this has to be measured) energy, if we zoom out, this is basic physical flexibility, movement and exercise. What I imagine will happen is a more nutrient organic food with proper portion sizes, times to consume, and appropriate variety composition, using smart food processing & prepackaging. Labels on foods would be more about the type of activity a person is planning, and the approximate time of consuming it before hand.
I truly appreciate your style and efforts the way you present and explain your valuable content for your audience to understand it well. Impressive! Thank you so much, Nicolas! I am grateful that you and your channel exist in YT. Please keep educating people your way (making it easy to understand ) Blessings!
It is beautiful in a way that it violates the area/volume principle. When you think about it, if there is a proton overload, the mitochondria should try to go for the highest amount of volume so it can have a larger reserve of proton for the times where there is an ATP demand, so it should elongate. But it does the exact opposite. Meaning that there are other mechanisms that is more beneficial than merely increasing the volume/area ratio. I love how evolution is highly based on statistics alone on a cellular level.
A small request: can you please speculate on how methylene blue (MB) (acting as either an electron donor or electron scavenger, or both) interact in the energy transforms within mitochondria? I find it fascinating that MB is used as a treatment for cyanide poisoning, and wonder how that is facilitated at the proton pump and ROS activity level.
Methylene blue (MB) is known to affect mitochondria in several ways. MB is a redox-active dye that can act as an electron acceptor and donor, and it is thought to modulate mitochondrial function by accepting and donating electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria. Here are some of the ways that methylene blue affects mitochondria: 1. Enhancing mitochondrial respiration: MB can enhance mitochondrial respiration by accepting electrons from complex I and complex II of the ETC, and by donating electrons to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which increases the production of ATP. 2. Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress: MB can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during mitochondrial respiration, thereby reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial damage. 3. Improving mitochondrial function in disease: MB has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, by improving the activity of the ETC and reducing oxidative stress. 4. Regulating mitochondrial biogenesis: MB has been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which new mitochondria are formed, by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Overall, methylene blue is a promising agent for modulating mitochondrial function and improving mitochondrial health. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential therapeutic applications.
@@unitedstatesdalewhat are the dangers of MB? If someone is relatively healthy should it still be taken? 😂 Another question: is there an overdose limit?
@@justsomeguy1671 not an expert but I think it’s something similar to an MAOI inhibitors (cannot be taken with SSRIs) and also cannot be eaten with high tannin foods, as it could lead to I believe hypertensive shock
It's simply awesome how understandable these processes are when presented in such a clear and concise manner. I'm a software engineer from Eastern Europe, the last time I was trying to learn anything related to biology whatsoever was in high school ~15 years ago. Watching your videos makes a layman like me feel like I could actually have a grasp on topics like this which is completely mind-blowing. 😅 Thank you for sharing your knowledge in such a comprehensible and digestable way. Keep up the good work! 😄
Excellent graphics and explanation. Since I just learned the mechanism of ATP demand versus nutritional availability, it is exciting to learn what my limited fasting’s effects are on my cells’ metabolism.
For a few years now the theories behind ME/CFS and long covid are related to mitophagy and fragmentation of mitochondria. Have you done any research near this topic? Do you have any opinions on the matter? There is some concern on my part, when you say low nutrition states prevent mitophagy. Mitophagy was an idea of improving the quality of mitochondria, but fasting seems to be giving patients MORE energy. Thank you
Fascinating. Today I learned that an ATP is a self charging capacitor driving a chemical motor. And you are saying that these capacitors are chronically over charged. The mitochondria breaking must be so the structure can handle the stress produced by the surplus charge. UCP is safety valve.
There you said it again. 06:38 - "cell energy PRODUCTION" - surely by this stage it would be clear that appropriate terminology use would incorporate energy TRANSFORMATION. Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
We normally describe the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy as energy production. Or in this case, maybe the process of refining chemical energy into more accessible chemical energy. This isn't a physics discussion.
It's April 2024 and I've been watching you for 2 years and it's amazing to see the way you explained your findings these days and just how funny you are😊 just saw you on Gabrielle Lyons she was trying to get you to show you're dry sense of humor 😁😁!! Have a beautiful day
Could you cycle food intake during a week's training to encourage mitochondrial division with (lighter, shorter session) training in a surplus, then a couple of fasted days (medium intensity, longer duration) training to elongate the mitochondria, or does the process take longer than a day or two? What sort of time line are we talking here to multiply or elongate mitochondria? Eg: * recovery days in surplus = shorter sessions with low ATP demand, higher calorie intake vs caloric demands * medium intensity days train low = longer sessions with higher ATP demand and fasted training (train low + no intake during the ride) If you created a bunch of new mitochondria through a calorie surplus, I guess it's then a race to elongate them through fasted training before mitophagy consumes the cute lil mitochondria kittens. Or perhaps it would be better to look more at mitochondrial biogenesis via intense exercise instead of excess calories.... Be curious on your thoughts on this. I am also curious if caffeine consumption would have an impact on this process of surplus division vs deficit elongation.
Caloric excess = Fat mitochondria Caloric deficit = Slim mitochondria ... As above, so below ... lol Another thing: Elongated mitochondria exhibit a larger surface to volume ratio, than the rounded mitochondria, and hence have extra room for transport mechanisms feeding the same volume.
Thanks for the info. I had long covid starting in Dec 2022 and suffered mightily at work.... I was always exhasted. I found advice on fighting long covid, but also applied your data to improve my mitochondria....it took a couple months, but this two prong approach paid off. Thank you, thank you, thank you!
I’m a little confused on what “overxonsumption” means. Like, if you didn’t eat for 30 days and then ate 10,000 calories in a single day…is that overconsumption? If you eat 1,000 calories one day and 5,000 the next…have you “over consumed” if your caloric expenditure is 3,000 per day? What about per meal? If you eat nothing all day, and then eat 2,500 in a single meal, is that overconsumption? I wish you would’ve defined what the term means. Without that, the information is essentially unusable.
Pretty interesting, together with this, that people seem to live shorter when they have mote insulin spikes throughout their life. Insulin spikes when sugar is high, generally, and then ROS is generated, which probably does a lot of damage - potentially enough to affect the life span. Not ignoring the glycosylation of proteins and other molecules though - that probably also contributes quite a lot
Hi Nick.Your videos are great.I've been trying to learn about Mitochondria and their role in M.E/chronic fatigue as dysfunction with them is often pointed to as the cause.Was just wondering if you would ever do a video on that topic?
I second that. I had M.E. in the 90’s-2000’s when nobody had a clue what it was, and most people thought I was just faking it. I had been studying biology at the time and always wondered if there was a possibility that it was an illness manifesting at the level of mitochondria. I had been so energetic to be being literally unable to think at times let alone walk. I don’t know what the current treatments are (if any), but it is an illness that deserves attention. NB - If anyone reading this has M.E. I want you to know that life does get better.
@@samflintham1360 Thanks for that.There is more and more evidence suggesting that the processes in the mitochondria play a large part.Whether they are a cause or an effect of M.E is not clear but I'd love to hear this guys thoughts on it 👍🏻💛
It seems like the intermembrane space could hold more protons if there were more "surface" area to it compared to the complexes pumping protons into it. Maybe that's another way to understand, or to remember, why they'd divide when relative proton supply is high and fuse when relative supply is low...
Great content again Nick. Thanks! Off topic. Verhoeven sounds very like a Dutch name to me. With the right pronunciation on the second part instead of the first “ver-“ part. You’re welcome 😊
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![Diabetes & Mitochondria: How Nutrition Connects the Two. [Study 32]](/img/tr.png)
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I have just watched this, and am watching it again. please, what are those other energy-currencies in living Organisms, other than ATP and GTP? this is super-interesting. I feel like They rob Us when They teach Us because We've only been told about ATP, this is the 1st time I'm hearing about anything other than it. where can I find more comprehensive Info about it? thank You, best regards.
in fact your voice is too low and not clear, idk what reasons are. But can you increase the volume up?
ATP a good supplement?
What does it mean when you take DHEA and it makes you tired natural testosterone supplements and it makes you tired 80P Works per week that makes you tired?
How do you EQ speech. Sir please response.
“Epigenetics.”
we need more RUclipsrs like you who are actually certified experts in the fields they talk about
certifications can be gamed and corrupted
@@ClaimClamyes, and people talking on topics they have no certification for or any sort of formal education on can be corrupted and malicious at a much higher rate.
@@gitnjur they have less credibility so harder 2 hoodwink others
@@ClaimClam as true as that is, i suppose you've been around enough to see how huge alternative medicine propagated by uneducated grifters is on youtube.
I do agree there is a plethora of "doctors" on yt, mostly guilty of holding a phd in one field but believing they have complete understanding of every branch of medicine spewing a lot of lackluster information to large audiences.
But every doctor on yt usually does analysis of studies, which allows and encourages dialogue in the comments, while grifters encourage echo chambers of anecdotal evidence, trapping regular folk much harder.
@@gitnjur @claimclam
Everyone should do their own research after hearing information.
Agree with both of you, but more with clam, but only if you do your own research.
“Trust the science “ talk comes in, science is always changing, always wrong. Derek from @MorePlatesMoreDates is near an experts knowledge from just doing his own research and has had real world experience
Good job, Nicholas. I am a retired physicist, trying to learn some biology for about a year now. This kind of material helps.
Thanks, Ted!
me too, now i know why i went into physics
Look up Morley Robbins, Dr Chris Palmer, and Dr. Thomas Seyfried. They all discuss addressing mitochondrial function from different angles (optimal nutrition minus key toxin), neurological disorders, and cancer as a metabolic disorder.
They all work with clients who have seen some profound positive changes.
This information is no magic oil, though - welcome to complex systems.
ATP, the energy molecule output of mitochondria, is badly misrepresented. It is actually Mg-ATP, the ATP is a doorstop in the cell without a magnesium 2+ attached to it. For some fun, try to find magnesium listed on a “nutrition label” inside your local grocery store. Seems Big Brother doesn’t want our Mg-ATP functioning at peak capacity!
Copper runs cytochrome c oxidase, which spilts oxygen to produce ADP (and water) that can be flipped into Mg-ATP, the TRUE energy molecule of the cell. Want more fun? Try to find copper on a “nutrition label!” Big Brother strikes again!
Copper is actually toxic, so it has to be complex with a protein called ceruloplasmin (blue blood) before it can be transported to 40 quadrillion mitochondria and every else it goes. ATP7B is the enzyme that loads copper into ceruloplasmin, and ATP7B depends on magnesium and retinoic acid to function. There is that pesky magnesium again!
Ceruloplasmin levels are very often less than half the levels as seen in the 1940s. Worse, ceruloplasmin May or May not even contain copper.
Ascorbic acid bleaches the copper out of ceruloplasmin.
Glyphosate chelates copper to a oH below stomach acid.
HFCS block copper absorption.
NPK fertilizer has no copper or magnesium in it.
The more I learn, the more I find that unlocking the secrets of mitochondria will lead to a greater understanding of so many diseases. The human body is amazing!
All of the Diseases of Civilisation…!!
Personally when I fast I can feel an abundance of energy in my body, like bouncing off the walls. Walking becomes easier, jumping, etc. When eating it's totally opposite. I feel sluggish, bloated, low energy, and more cravings.
Might have to start cutting out foods and see what is causing your symptoms
^ this. Could be certain foods in your diet.
@nadias64
Nothing wrong with food . With you ...
Fasting triggers different cascades outside of what's being discussed here cf. senescent cell cleaning. only dry fasts promote fat tissue lypolysis over muscle/organ tissues as shown in The Phoenix Protocol by August Dunning.
I have the opposite sadly :(
"The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell" ☝️
Excellent. :)
Beautiful. An Elegant explanation of something that was really so dull to learn 40 years ago when I studied biochemistry. Additionally- the way in which Krebs and ultimately our health - responds to our lifestyle choices is such a wonderful teaching angle , one we did not receive in the 1970s.
The only thing I would add from a teaching perspective is the amazing fact that mitochondria are actually bacteria that have adapted to living symbiotically in our cells ( have I got this right ?) . So mind blowing. All of it. So pleased I found this site. Thank you.
Yes, I believe so. Dr. Robert Lustig has mentioned this in his podcasts.
mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins.
I've been low-carb OMAD fasting for a half year, looking good, feeling great.
Do you consume all your calories in one meal or in a very short period..say, 4 Hours? Do you check your bloods for Testosterone/hormone changes?
@@Drez1st OMAD stands for "one meal a day".
@@Spencer-m3b yes, but as a slooow eater, I want to know (as do many of us) do you have to eat the entire meal in 1 hour, or can I have my appetizer at noon, my main course at 1, and my wrap-up main course at 2? then not eat until the next day. I have never heard anyone answer this,but I think it works OK, but I could be wrong
@@blissbrain I think it's best to eat all the food within a smaller period of time. So probably no.
@@Spencer-m3b Thanks for the reply, Spencer m3b, much apprediated.
It occurs to me that smaller mitochondria have a greater surface area to volume ratio than larger/longer ones. Because of the selective semi-permeable membrane coupled to energy production, this greater ratio gives them a greater potential throughput which helps them cope with processing greater amounts of available "nutrition" (energy surplus). Conversely, a larger mitochondria will be able to leverage smaller quantities of available nutrition in order to maintain adequate energy production. In other words, the mitochondria adjust their surface area to volume ratio in response to nutrition availability in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
It is not the size of a mitochondrion that matters but the amount of the inner membrane folds. The energy processes happen on the whole surface of the inner membrane, so the more folds within the mitochondrion the more effective it is.
@@monikasalaga larger mitochondria, more folds possible
I was coming to say something about this but you did it better!
4:36 in and not a word about the topic. Also the modern 'disease' of 'explaining' what is about to be explained is is 'metastatic'.
Thank you for promoting health knowledge for all in à simple fashion. Good Luck with your research. From Tunisia wirh admiration.
Really pleased to see this information. I have EDS ( a genetic connective tissue disorder ) which is challenging and my 14 years of studying health has enabled me to manage the difficulties better.
Hey. I have hEDS too. Which ones is yours?
And here you for comorbids like CFS/POTS etc?
@@alperenylmaz1344 yes 👍 keeping as fit as possible at age 71. I was prescribed a stairlift, a bath hoist and an electric wheelchair 12 years ago after a year in hospital. I was very weak. I refused all and Im still trying to manage without. I have Classic Ehlers-Danlos. I now eat plant based and gluten free. Makes a huge difference to my inflammatory state and energy/ recovery from injuries. Good luck.
In the year 2010, and continuing to this day, doctors at the VA giggle then refer me to mental health, for describing exactly what you say in this video. A healthy mitochondria is a healthy you.
In these bleaky times your channel is like a fresh air of optimism blowing to our minds and hearts. Thank you Nicolas for your good heart and for your efforts to share valuable knowledge about the welfare of our lives.I wish you many many and happy 😊 years my man!
That's incredibly kind of you, thank you, Constantine. I'm trying my best.
Bleaky??
@@judylloyd7901 😀😀😀 Sure, why not?
@@judylloyd7901in between bleak and not bleak. 😂
@@judylloyd7901why not be kind and assume it’s a typo.
Thank you for your explanations, I found them most helpful.
I was a teacher myself many years ago, and I found that trying to teach a subject caused me to go back to square one and re research the subject in order to try to teach it, especially if the students were really intelligent themselves..!!
Best wishes for your Thesis..!!
This is my first time and I am impressed. Getting explanations at this level is a near impossible task. Very much appreciated.
Thank you, David.
Such a fantastic argument for the benefits of fasting and the dangers of overeating or under exercising. Thank you so much! I just discovered your channel today and subscribed and I'm looking forward to digging in!
Just found the channel today 🙌.. brilliant... amazing insider lnowledge... Adds to Dr. Berg's keto channel... n the fight for REAL information as opposed to bs from the fda... 💯 subbed
Just found your channel. This was a fabulous explanation of the mitochondria. Now I finally understand the concept of coupling and uncoupling! Thanks
I’m thrilled to hear it!
Just an anthropology person stopping by lol. This aspect of the research is particularly relevant for my interests of study. I will readily admit that the chemistry is OUT of my league. That’s why we refer people like you who like this stuff! You got me to understand the important parts so I got what I came for
This is absolutely fascinating!!! I teach 8 to 13 year old children about neurons, protons, neutrons, atoms and molecular structure of DNA. This helps me to understand and teach better!! Give thanks my brother 🙏🏾☀️💛🌻🧘🏿♀️🪶💋
This makes a lot of sense, as an engineer this resembles how dam's manage pressure and energy generation. I think it would be interesting if you could integrate the role of storage to dampen the fluctuations in demand and supply "flow" rates. As we usually never see a perfect match between demand rate and supply rate, I think that would bring the system full circle.
Just found your channel...full of useful information. Also your voice is so soothing! Thank You for this great content
Haha, I've heard that a few times about my voice, but I don't hear it. Really kind of you, Lisa - thank you.
6:22 so what you're saying is it's powerhouse of the cell
I was the 24/7 caregiver of my 83 year old husband of 61 years for 3 years. When he went into the hospital for the last time, my essential tremors increased substantially. STRESS is apparently what motivates essential tremors and stress also seems to effect the mitochondria. I have been following all information concerning the mitochondria, which I feel is the cause of my essential tremors…
thankful this popped into my recommended vids, incredibly interesting, i have been attentively playing around with my own diet in recent months and my experience aligns perfectly with what is described here.
Nic thank you so much for your channel content and passion
You are extremely relatable at taking what is complex information and making it understandable for the layman
You truly bless me
Andy
I'm always afraid I fail to make it understandable to a determined audience - thank you, Andy.
Finally a real expert! Just found you yesterday. We really need you Nicholas. So much contradictory info out there! My sister and I are delighted to have discovered your podcast. We also enjoy your "bedside manner". Our father was a physicist, BTW😊😊❤. THANK YOU FOR EVERYTHING.
No problem. I’m happy to create this content for you.
It's indeed a PhD lecture thank you very much. Work on your gift they will make room for you.
Great content on a subject that’s getting a lot of controversy from academia lately. Hormesis is the mechanism that was thrust on our ancestors, resulting in our survival. Today that process has been replaced by chronic comfort and convenience. Fasting is something some of us fly across the world to pay exorbitant fees to a glamorous spa somewhere on a European coast!
If you want the tl;dr, just skip to the conclusion at 31:50
Hi Nick, please don’t beat yourself up (as in the follow up video) you did an excellent job of making this process understandable and clear, and for an elderly biology wannabe, you make this cellular micro ecology more sensible. Time and increased understanding by Scientists such as you and your colleagues have unraveled the Krebs Cycle we were taught in high school biology, was taught as “the multiple blind individuals describing an elephant”, while that was >60 years ago, today thanks to your presentation I can see most of the Elephant.
Well done look forward to part II.
You're growing on me, Nick V!
Oh my goodness. This is so interesting. This is the first video on your channel that popped up on my feed. I’m off to view others now. Thank you for doing these.
Welcome aboard!
That was fascinating! You have the skill of teaching and knowing how to teach something complicated in a "simple" way. Thank you!
Kind of you, thank you.
This is by far the best explanation of how mitochondria react to nutrition overload and deficiency I've ever seen.
Nic, this is a great presentation. I am semi retired and enjoy these conversations/presentations. Some of my favorites are Dr. Peter Attia, Dr. Bruce Liption and Dr. Joe Dispenza. I also like Dr. Perry Nickelston and Dr. Gabrielle Lyons. Dr. Ben Bickman and Dr Steve Phinney, Dr. Jeff Volek. I listen to these fine doctors whenever i have time and I am very grateful.
struggling with long covid since 8/2020 with extreme fatigue. early on I realised that when I fasted, I could do more than was my baseline. Still doing one day fasts several times a week. Your video provides theory to that :)
Fasting helps clear the inflammation that allowed long covid to even permeate your body
I hope you feel better soon!
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
I would be interested in understanding the timescales at which these processes take place.
Yup, good things happen when your body is not constantly forced to digest and metabolize unneeded food. Fasting is much easier, and I belive more effective if starting from a ketogenic/fat burning state.
Nick, you really have a gift for teaching.
I STRONGLY disagree!!! He wasted 3 times more words then necessary, to explain a topic that could have EASILY been described in well under 10 minutes...
@@AscendingApsolut haha you must be a fun person to be around
@@teddybearroosevelt1847 ...well, that depends on who am i "around"
@jamespatric53
Gift for teaching ?! Gotta be joking
Probably worth mentioning that bypassing ATFsyn would result in heat production. Same outdoor temperature feels different if you are on good supply or if you are fasting for some time.
Correct, Les0nick.
so fasting would make you feel less cold in the cold outside?
I get cold easier when fasting but have way more energy and drive.
Wow. You explain these things so very well, many thanks. I'm once again astounded by the seemingly miraculous complexity, efficiency and sheer beauty of our body. I've been intermittently fasting for a while now and see many benefits ~ but now I can be urging those protons in the mitochondria to travel well !
I really enjoyed this video. A fellow academic and teaching professor here in psychology and neuroscience. I kniw you are passionate about your work and what you are doing. This work is absolutely critical for all to learn and understand given how incredibly unhealthy our society has become, and obesity is at 42% in the West. Actually, it's soread to much of Europe and part of Asia,those most Asian cou tries have normal BMIs. I just wanted to thank you because I can include sone of your findings with my Health Psychology class. You are an excellent instructor and those most R1 jobs are reaearch focused. Please consider teaching because it's so important to get this work out. And you are quite good at taking a complex topic, and making information easier for a lay audience to understand. You will make a great faculty member if that is your career path. Congrats on being advanced to candidacy. Well done!!
This makes me smile, thank you. I’ve been teaching undergraduates for a number of years and hope to continue long term.
Asian countries have lower BMI because it is partially genetic, I guess...?
@@untonsured Asians' catabolism a bit faster than anabolism, I think. And they also lead an active lifestyle.
Yes, in part genetics play a small role.
@@TheSenatory ok, thanks. That's interesting. I'm reading Peter Attia's book and he mentioned the genetic part.
@@untonsuredhowever their BMI might be normal, but their blood works not so much. A lot of these thinner bodies are sometimes metabolically unsound, believe it or not. I’m more on the lab work.
17:44 'steady state' is the term you are looking for. 22:55 "relief valve"?
Found you through Rich. Excellent content. Don't change!
It seems like the intermembrane space acts as a H+ buffer. Splitting into multiple mitochondria increases the ratio of volume of intermembrane space with the volume intracellular matrix. Inversely, elongation reduces that ratio, making the H+ buffer smaller, which is unnecessary when the energy production doesn't grossly outpace the energy needs
Great explanation, You are an excellent teacher, needless to say good practice for the future, enjoying the experience
Thanks!
Kind of you, thank you!
I may not understand 100% of what your saying but I feel smart listening to it.
This is very good, so to take it a step further, what we need to grasp is how to effectively/optimally an average person expend/retain (this has to be measured) energy, if we zoom out, this is basic physical flexibility, movement and exercise. What I imagine will happen is a more nutrient organic food with proper portion sizes, times to consume, and appropriate variety composition, using smart food processing & prepackaging. Labels on foods would be more about the type of activity a person is planning, and the approximate time of consuming it before hand.
I truly appreciate your style and efforts the way you present and explain your valuable content for your audience to understand it well. Impressive! Thank you so much, Nicolas! I am grateful that you and your channel exist in YT. Please keep educating people your way (making it easy to understand ) Blessings!
So nice of you - thank you.
@@Physionic- Totally agree with the commenter above. The easy to understand portion makes you different for sure. Keep it up!
It is beautiful in a way that it violates the area/volume principle. When you think about it, if there is a proton overload, the mitochondria should try to go for the highest amount of volume so it can have a larger reserve of proton for the times where there is an ATP demand, so it should elongate. But it does the exact opposite. Meaning that there are other mechanisms that is more beneficial than merely increasing the volume/area ratio. I love how evolution is highly based on statistics alone on a cellular level.
Love this channel!! 💪🏽
Thanks!
U have a talent for teaching.
Kind of you, thank you.
@physionic as a side note, i had to max out the volume to hear you clearly. liked and subbed
I am grateful to find your channel! Thanks for sharing your field of interest and study.
I wish more of RUclips was this kind of stuff.
A small request: can you please speculate on how methylene blue (MB) (acting as either an electron donor or electron scavenger, or both) interact in the energy transforms within mitochondria? I find it fascinating that MB is used as a treatment for cyanide poisoning, and wonder how that is facilitated at the proton pump and ROS activity level.
MB act also against Parkinsonand Cancer. There are studies about it.
Methylene blue (MB) is known to affect mitochondria in several ways. MB is a redox-active dye that can act as an electron acceptor and donor, and it is thought to modulate mitochondrial function by accepting and donating electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria.
Here are some of the ways that methylene blue affects mitochondria:
1. Enhancing mitochondrial respiration: MB can enhance mitochondrial respiration by accepting electrons from complex I and complex II of the ETC, and by donating electrons to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which increases the production of ATP.
2. Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress: MB can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during mitochondrial respiration, thereby reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial damage.
3. Improving mitochondrial function in disease: MB has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, by improving the activity of the ETC and reducing oxidative stress.
4. Regulating mitochondrial biogenesis: MB has been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which new mitochondria are formed, by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Overall, methylene blue is a promising agent for modulating mitochondrial function and improving mitochondrial health. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential therapeutic applications.
@@unitedstatesdalewhat are the dangers of MB?
If someone is relatively healthy should it still be taken?
😂 Another question: is there an overdose limit?
@@justsomeguy1671
not an expert
but I think it’s something similar to an MAOI inhibitors (cannot be taken with SSRIs)
and also cannot be eaten with high tannin foods, as it could lead to I believe hypertensive shock
@@justsomeguy1671be careful always
It's simply awesome how understandable these processes are when presented in such a clear and concise manner.
I'm a software engineer from Eastern Europe, the last time I was trying to learn anything related to biology whatsoever was in high school ~15 years ago.
Watching your videos makes a layman like me feel like I could actually have a grasp on topics like this which is completely mind-blowing. 😅
Thank you for sharing your knowledge in such a comprehensible and digestable way.
Keep up the good work! 😄
EXCELLENT. EXCELLENT. EXCELLENT - Please do more videos on cell cycle-
Thank you for this content. 🆙
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
Thank you so much for the wonderful contents
Loved the content! Thanks for sharing this information! Subscribed👍🏽
Thank you!
Nick , it is a pleasure ,
Love the presentation and knowledge
Excellent graphics and explanation. Since I just learned the mechanism of ATP demand versus nutritional availability, it is exciting to learn what my limited fasting’s effects are on my cells’ metabolism.
For a few years now the theories behind ME/CFS and long covid are related to mitophagy and fragmentation of mitochondria. Have you done any research near this topic? Do you have any opinions on the matter?
There is some concern on my part, when you say low nutrition states prevent mitophagy. Mitophagy was an idea of improving the quality of mitochondria, but fasting seems to be giving patients MORE energy.
Thank you
Interesting information. Suscribed.
Well my microbiology class last semester really helped me understand this information.
Been looking for this type of information and explanation. Thanks greatly.
we need everyone to understand what this is and how we all work thanks for this good explanation glutoney
Very cool video, thank you for bringing new stuff to the light of public. I always appreciate these kinds of news/videos.
Man, I've just discovered your channel now and you're doing some really cool stuff, already subscribed!
Brilliant explanation and info, thank you so much for yr time and valuable knowledge.
Thank you your so talented at communicating science. 10 out of 10. Feeling educated thanks to you. 🙏
You're
Fascinating. Today I learned that an ATP is a self charging capacitor driving a chemical motor. And you are saying that these capacitors are chronically over charged. The mitochondria breaking must be so the structure can handle the stress produced by the surplus charge. UCP is safety valve.
I have a mitochondrial DNA mutation rare disease LHON and this is the most fantastic breakdown of the mitochondrial function. Thank you for this! :-)
There you said it again. 06:38 - "cell energy PRODUCTION" - surely by this stage it would be clear that appropriate terminology use would incorporate energy TRANSFORMATION. Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Everybody is a critic. You get lost in terminology and dont focus on message. Knit picking is the worst.
We normally describe the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy as energy production. Or in this case, maybe the process of refining chemical energy into more accessible chemical energy. This isn't a physics discussion.
I’ve been looking for a video explaining the molecular aspects of fasting and this is just so good in its depth 🙌🏻
I’ve just subscribed to your channel. You explain the subject very well to the lay person. Thanks for your information.
Thank you!
It's April 2024 and I've been watching you for 2 years and it's amazing to see the way you explained your findings these days and just how funny you are😊 just saw you on Gabrielle Lyons she was trying to get you to show you're dry sense of humor 😁😁!! Have a beautiful day
Thanks, Lucretia :)
(Love your name, btw!)
Loved this presentation!!
Could you cycle food intake during a week's training to encourage mitochondrial division with (lighter, shorter session) training in a surplus, then a couple of fasted days (medium intensity, longer duration) training to elongate the mitochondria, or does the process take longer than a day or two? What sort of time line are we talking here to multiply or elongate mitochondria?
Eg:
* recovery days in surplus = shorter sessions with low ATP demand, higher calorie intake vs caloric demands
* medium intensity days train low = longer sessions with higher ATP demand and fasted training (train low + no intake during the ride)
If you created a bunch of new mitochondria through a calorie surplus, I guess it's then a race to elongate them through fasted training before mitophagy consumes the cute lil mitochondria kittens.
Or perhaps it would be better to look more at mitochondrial biogenesis via intense exercise instead of excess calories....
Be curious on your thoughts on this.
I am also curious if caffeine consumption would have an impact on this process of surplus division vs deficit elongation.
Powerhouse of the cell
Thankyou. It's great to be able to se inside and understand mitochondria.
Caloric excess = Fat mitochondria
Caloric deficit = Slim mitochondria
... As above, so below ... lol
Another thing: Elongated mitochondria exhibit a larger surface to volume ratio, than the rounded mitochondria, and hence have extra room for transport mechanisms feeding the same volume.
Thanks for the info. I had long covid starting in Dec 2022 and suffered mightily at work.... I was always exhasted. I found advice on fighting long covid, but also applied your data to improve my mitochondria....it took a couple months, but this two prong approach paid off. Thank you, thank you, thank you!
Can you elaborate on what worked for you?🙏
The protective function of the uncoupling, UCP, reduces ROS through the production of metabolic water.
Thank you, that’s a is great material. I feel more energetic intermittent diet, now I know why.
I’m a little confused on what “overxonsumption” means. Like, if you didn’t eat for 30 days and then ate 10,000 calories in a single day…is that overconsumption? If you eat 1,000 calories one day and 5,000 the next…have you “over consumed” if your caloric expenditure is 3,000 per day? What about per meal? If you eat nothing all day, and then eat 2,500 in a single meal, is that overconsumption? I wish you would’ve defined what the term means. Without that, the information is essentially unusable.
Training increases the number of mitochondria. I understand that some got more mitochondrias (inherited by the parents).
Pretty interesting, together with this, that people seem to live shorter when they have mote insulin spikes throughout their life. Insulin spikes when sugar is high, generally, and then ROS is generated, which probably does a lot of damage - potentially enough to affect the life span. Not ignoring the glycosylation of proteins and other molecules though - that probably also contributes quite a lot
Hi Nick.Your videos are great.I've been trying to learn about Mitochondria and their role in M.E/chronic fatigue as dysfunction with them is often pointed to as the cause.Was just wondering if you would ever do a video on that topic?
I second that. I had M.E. in the 90’s-2000’s when nobody had a clue what it was, and most people thought I was just faking it. I had been studying biology at the time and always wondered if there was a possibility that it was an illness manifesting at the level of mitochondria. I had been so energetic to be being literally unable to think at times let alone walk. I don’t know what the current treatments are (if any), but it is an illness that deserves attention.
NB - If anyone reading this has M.E. I want you to know that life does get better.
@@samflintham1360 Thanks for that.There is more and more evidence suggesting that the processes in the mitochondria play a large part.Whether they are a cause or an effect of M.E is not clear but I'd love to hear this guys thoughts on it 👍🏻💛
Brilliant exposition!!
It seems like the intermembrane space could hold more protons if there were more "surface" area to it compared to the complexes pumping protons into it. Maybe that's another way to understand, or to remember, why they'd divide when relative proton supply is high and fuse when relative supply is low...
just random place to post this: thank-you for your work, and videos.
I had nearly no food daily for the years I was in college. I had huge energy. After a pesticide exposure I’ve been low energy for decades.
Great content again Nick. Thanks!
Off topic. Verhoeven sounds very like a Dutch name to me. With the right pronunciation on the second part instead of the first “ver-“ part. You’re welcome 😊
Good stuff, well explained.