These Sea Slugs EAT SUNLIGHT and RIP THEIR OWN HEADS OFF 🤘🔥🤘 | Alien Ocean
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- Опубликовано: 25 авг 2023
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And check out my other videos:
✩ How Researching Siphonophores Almost Made Me Have A Nervous Breakdown: • How Researching Siphon...
✩The Mystery of the Bloop Has Been SOLVED: • The Mystery of the Blo...
✩ These Strange Triangles Can Make You Lose Your Mind: • These Strange Triangle...
✩ How the Mantis Shrimp Can Punch Through Glass: • How the Mantis Shrimp ...
✩ Are Clownfish Part of the Trans Agenda?!?!: • Are Clownfish Part of ...
✩ How One of the Oldest Animals in the World Constantly Rearranges Their Insides: • How One of the Oldest ...
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Writing, Direction, Editing, and All Original Content by The Octopus Lady
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Photo Credits: docs.google.com/document/d/1V...
Sources:
Sigovini, M., Keppel, E., & Tagliapietra, D. (2016). Open Nomenclature in the biodiversity era. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7(10), 1217-1225.
Mitoh, S., & Yusa, Y. (2021). Extreme autotomy and whole-body regeneration in photosynthetic sea slugs. Current Biology, 31(5), R233-R234.
Pierce, S. K., & Curtis, N. E. (2012). Cell biology of the chloroplast symbiosis in sacoglossan sea slugs. International review of cell and molecular biology, 293, 123-148.
Jensen, K. R. (2007). Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 55(3/4), 255-281.
Keen, A.M., & Smith, A.G. (1961). West American Species of the Bivalved Gastropod Genus Berthelinia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 30(2), 47-66.
Jensen, K. R. (1997). Evolution of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) and the ecological associations with their food plants. Evolutionary Ecology, 11(3), 301-335.
Händeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y. P., Krug, P. J., & Wägele, H. (2009). Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells-a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 1-18.
McLean, N. (1976). Phagocytosis of chloroplasts in Placida dendritica (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa). Journal of Experimental Zoology, 197(3), 321-329.
Clark, K. B., Jensen, K. R., Stirts, H. M., & Fermin, C. (1981). Chloroplast symbiosis in a non-elysiid mollusc, Costasiella lilianae Marcus (Hermaeidae: Ascoglossa (= Sacoglossa): effects of temperature, light intensity, and starvation on carbon fixation rate. The Biological Bulletin, 160(1), 43-54.
Yonow, N. (2015). Sea slugs: unexpected biodiversity and distribution. The Red Sea: The formation, morphology, oceanography and environment of a young ocean basin, 531-550.
De Vries, J., Habicht, J., Woehle, C., Huang, C., Christa, G., Wägele, H., ... & Gould, S. B. (2013). Is ftsH the key to plastid longevity in sacoglossan slugs?. Genome Biology and Evolution, 5(12), 2540-2548.
Rumpho, M. E., Worful, J. M., Lee, J., Kannan, K., Tyler, M. S., Bhattacharya, D., ... & Manhart, J. R. (2008). Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(46), 17867-17871.
Wägele, H., Deusch, O., Händeler, K., Martin, R., Schmitt, V., Christa, G., ... & Martin, W. (2011). Transcriptomic evidence that longevity of acquired plastids in the photosynthetic slugs Elysia timida and Plakobranchus ocellatus does not entail lateral transfer of algal nuclear genes. Molecular biology and evolution, 28(1), 699-706.
Bhattacharya, D., Pelletreau, K. N., Price, D. C., Sarver, K. E., & Rumpho, M. E. (2013). Genome analysis of Elysia chlorotica egg DNA provides no evidence for horizontal gene transfer into the germ line of this kleptoplastic mollusc. Molecular biology and evolution, 30(8), 1843-1852.
Christa, G., Gould, S. B., Franken, J., Vleugels, M., Karmeinski, D., Händeler, K., ... & Wägele, H. (2014). Functional kleptoplasty in a limapontioidean genus: phylogeny, food preferences and photosynthesis in Costasiella, with a focus on C. ocellifera (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80(5), 499-507.
Seifert, A. W., Kiama, S. G., Seifert, M. G., Goheen, J. R., Palmer, T. M., & Maden, M. (2012). Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys). Nature, 489(7417), 561-565.
Did you hear? We're having a sunlight Eating party over at my Patreon! www.patreon.com/theoctopuslady We'll be eating all different kinds of sunlight! Sunlight from the morning, sunlight from the early afternoon, sunlight from right before the sun sets...come stop by and give them all a taste!
I think it is pretty obvious why they do it : they are done being called little cuties and want to show everybody what a badass they are.
Hi OctopusLady
pls do a vid on sea urchins or sand dollars
when's the onlysquids dropping?
Hey quick question did you ever have a channel where you called out MLMs and other bs crap like that your super cute lisp and voice sound super familiar also love your nerdiness i digs it dowg fooow shizzle like all the cool kids says
Parasite: "Great place you've got here."
Slug: "Did you know it has an airlock?" (digests a hole)
Parasite: "W-wait, we can talk about this, ma-"
This feels like a reference.
5:52 So I had to look it up and -- well, the species *is* called "lettuce sea slug."
So yeah I think they totally did that.
HOW DID YOU-
Imagine biting into a burger and it going "YEOUTCH!" And indignantly walking away
God you need more subscribers. You are one of the most well-read RUclipsrs that I watched animal related content on. I’m going to veterinary school soon and I love how I both deepen my understanding on so much ocean life at an academic level, but also are entertained by your jokes and delivery. Keep it up fellow nerd!!
Thank you for your service! There are VERY FEW professions that I respect higher than Veterinarians!
Amen to this.
When I was younger I wanted to be a marine biologist and studied alot independently so I already know quite a bit but she always has tid bits that are new to me.
Also love owning the inability to pronounce Latin.
Well she is a little out there, as weird as a Sacoglossa so that is a small following.😇😈
I second this! I've rewatched multiple videos of hers
Right??? I'm still flabbergasted that this channel has under a million subs. One of the best science channels there is, and... where is everyone?
I blame RUclips's wonky algorithms (which keep showing me stupid "free energy" crankery for some reason).
So, from what I can gather, phenotype is referring to _ANY_ measurable physical difference (including biochemistry, etc.), while morphotype is referring specifically to shape, structure, and other obvious parts of outward appearance. This makes morphotype a subset of phenotype.
To give examples: A black-furred jaguar would be both a morphotype and a phenotype. Having a B- blood type would be a phenotype but not a morphotype.
Edit: Another way of thinking about it: If it's something that can distinguish two individuals which you can observe without genetic analysis, it's a phenotype. If it's something you can observe without harming the individual or doing anything invasive, it's also a morphotype.
😂a
@@kamillion9860 ?
HOW IS THIS 6 DAYS AGO??????
@@mac_gold Patrons get early access. The video is uploaded several days (I think it was a week?) in advance, but it's unlisted, with a link posted on the Patreon.
@@coryzilligen790 sooooooo lucky!!!
Yay!, Phew!, & Finally! The Octopus Lady posts again! 🐙🐙🐙
Yay
Exactly😊
For real. Please keep making videos. I love your videos. Very informative and fun
Thank you god
Yipee
That kleptoplasty idea is such a good horror movie idea.
I don't remember if you have talked about Christmas tree worms before but I think they are quite funny. They thwoop back into their tube when threatened.
Sea life is just neat, like Ctenophora or Bristle worms.
My family loves the Sea bunny nudibranch.
Lmao your narration style has this energy that is so damn contagious. You seem like you'd be a blast to hang out with in real life, and Im not even all that interested in the ocean, you just make it incredibly interesting. Keep it up you're gonna blow up big time
Cross-referencing and checking for replicas of experiments IS educational.
The Chloroplasts being able to run themselves thing even if they arent in the cell they are an organelle of is a really fun thing. Cuz the theory is that Chloroplasts (and Mitochondria and potentially the Nucleus itself) are endosymbiosis events. So in taking a chloroplast out of a cell and into use by another organism, the chloroplast is basically just switching hosts, and even though its dependent on a host to survive and cant do so fully on its own, a not fully correct host can still provide it the right conditions to continue operation for a long time. Cells are neat
But plastids have gotten rid of a lot of genes and structures which were redundant with stuff that the host cells provide. There's even been a lot of gene transfer from plastids into the nuclear DNA. So, just like parasites (but even moreso), chloroplasts and other plastids are very specialized to their particular host.
BTW: Transfer of some genes from chloroplasts to nuclear DNA has happened a bunch of times independently. Just interesting/odd that it appears to be relatively easy.
@@travcollier Yeah this is what I was gonna say. Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have gotten so intrinsically interconnected to their hosts that they're barely even organisms anymore. Like, imagine if one of your organs was actually like a tiny rat that connected itself to your stomach
(uhhhh sorry in advance for the gross imagery but it's just to illustrate the point of how "barebones" mitochondria are)
That rat would have to loose all it's fur and skin. It'd probably also loose all it's sensory organs. So imagine a gross skinned rat with no eyes, ears, or mouth, with a tube sticking from it's stomach into yours. It'd probably also loose a lot of it's muscular capabilities, so if you were to surgically remove this wet lump-of-meat rat it'd probably do nothing but slightly spasm and pulsate on the floor. This rat is so intrinsically connected to you that it's indistinguishable from other organs. That's pretty much how different mitochondria are from their ancestors.
That was... SO disturbing to read and I am delighted that I got to read it. You have described how mitochondria work exactly. Thanks friend
YES MORE SEA SLUG CONTENT
Sea slugs & nudibranchs have to be my favourites sea creatures ever & always.
stealing photosynthesis from plants/algae sounds like such a useful strategy i'm surprised this is not more common
how long until we can genetically engineer humans so we can do this too?
and how can an animal *extract* nutrients from a chloroplast anyway? surely just inserting chloroplast into your cell isn't enough
I’m outside covering myself with moss/mud right now, I’ll let you know if I feel less hungry
@@GeoffryGifarichloroplasts as well as mitochondria contain their own dna with which they can synthesise SOME of the proteins used in their electron transport chain. However a lot of the proteins vital to their function are coded in nuclear DNA so you can’t just insert a chloroplast into an animal cell as it doesn’t have the necessary genes that code for the proteins needed to maintain the chloroplast. This next part is just me speculating, but I’m pretty sure that differences in rybossomal RNA in plant and animal cells also make it so chloroplasts can’t use animal rybossomes
@@strongthumbsyou less hungry ?
The Hades reference was priceless,!❤
For what it is worth, i really enjoy seeing/hearing about your research-related dead ends and tangents. It's relatable and speaks to how thoroughly you research.
Also, OMG Hades! My most played game on Switch, by a couple orders of magnitude.
"There's nothing educational in this part, I just wanted to complain." This is why you are one of my favourite educators on RUclips!
Her comedy is top notch! I love her stuff! And we get educational videos about adorable sea critters on top of it? Glorious.
So, a literal Grass Type pokemon. I love how much this channel educates me and keeps me aware of our home planet. ❤
You should make a video about Greenland sharks! They’re so cool and there’re so many fun things that make them unique. I love them ❤❤❤
6:25 the reason that chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA is that once they were independent organisms that started out in a symbiotic relationship with the cells. They were absorbed by the cells much as these slugs do the chloroplasts, and eventually became part of it losing all but the DNA necessary to produce either chlorophyll for the chloroplasts or ATP in the mitochondria. But in both instances they also lost the DNA that allowed them to survive on their own.
How did it take me so long to find this channel? It’s so good
I didn't know learning about the underrated underappreciated critters in the alien universe of the ocean would be this entertaining. Kudos to you Octopus Lady!!
did i just wake up at 4am to see new octopus lady video comes out in 6 hours
we love an insanely well- researched octopus queen 🐙🐙
Honestly *please* do an episode about copepods, especially parasitic species; the body-horror of their metamorphosis is... just kinda nifty
If you think that copepod was weird, check out the dendrogaster, which is a seastar endoparasite.
I swear crustaceans make for the WILDEST parasites.
You should make longer videos I wanna listen to you for hours PLEASE OCTOPUS LADY I HAVE NO LIFE
went into this video thinking it would only talk about one of my special interests, but then the greek mythology got whipped out, and boom, two special interests!! so thank you for that :]
I would love to make a best guess on how they maintain the chlorophyll, but i would need to know the timing and order of failure. If it was just the membrane it could be replaced with a specialized vacule with some critical connection types for communication about food
also greek mythology never cease to be entertaining I have biases from ficiotinal series like lore of olympuss and now I'm inclined to try and play hades. also I'm highly tempted to draw some cute slugs especially the ones with the cool name. their all cool names but greek mythology has a deep place within my heart.
You and clints reptiles are my favorite youtubers!!! I love to see biologists making content
Ok, I know that autotomy is a relatively common behavior among invertebrates, but what always trips me up is how they manage to grow back without digestive systems (and I couldn't find an explanation of it). Like how are they actually getting their nutrients???? Great video
I don't think the scientists know either, honestly 😅
They probably self-cannibalize, I'd think. No use for the rest of your body if you'd die instead of regenerate. Heal now, worry about eating later I guess.
Not an expert or anything, but possibly it either has energy reserves stored in their heads and it uses that to regenerate, or it autocanniballizes its existing tissues for regeneration.
This critter is totally hardcore! I really enjoy your video presentations on oceanic inverts!
I'm not a squishy person, but the parasites and the beheading made me flinch. Maybe because I was already feeling a bit sick and my body couldn't cope too well. I mean, I've seen weirder stuff in this channel without any negative reaction! 😄
Anyway, great video as always! The top notch quality I'm used to see here. Keep up the good work!
Whoa
Honestly I don't know much about creatures but your videos are really interesting.
And I'm really grateful that you go to such lengths to find and translate research papers to language understandable to lowly humans, and honestly say if there aren't any papers.
I say it in Dr. Frink's voice. "Sack-o-GLOSS-aaaan".
Amazing work! You've become one of my favorite channels.
You know it's a good day, when The Octopus Lady posts ^^
I think I heard about these little guys before but completely forgot about them over time and I'm a little ashamed 'cause *how can anyone forget them when they're so CUTE!?*
Anyway, I recently watched a small Dokumentary about the Oarfish and would love to listen to you explain them in your own unique and entertaining way :3
Totally surprised that those leaf slugs aren't nudibranchs! I've seen them piled together but it's cool that they're separate! Imo they're still in the Cool Sea Slug club anyways(the CSSC).
Gerbils are well known for degloving their tails. I thought all sorts of rats and mice can, it’s just traumatic 🤔 Spiny mice are interesting because they have osteoderms in their tails, which may act as some sort of chain mail beneath the skin that protects the tail better than species without the osteoderms
Yay! A new octopus lady video! It's like Christmas morning!
This is just one detail of many that I love about your videos, but can I just say that I really admire how you directly talk about the papers you read to make these videos, and also state clearly where the edges of the existing research are? Not only is it a refreshing change from all the Confidently Incorrect voices out there who'd rather be wrong than admit to not knowing something, but it also highlights that there's so much cool stuff out there left to discover!! In some fields, it seems like you need a billion-dollar particle accelerator to make any substantial new discoveries, so I think it's really exciting that there's deep stuff like this (how does a critter steal and then maintain the organelles of a completely different kingdom of life!?) that could potentially* be figured out by researchers and students in many university's bio labs.
*Not that it'd be easy or anything, obvs, but possible?
Oarfish apparently can drop their tails. There’s a 2017 documentary on RUclips that suggests they either do it when attacked by sharks or when they sexually mature. And their tails consists of a large portion of their body length
The rapid transition from disgust to intriege about the copapod.
"There's nothing educational in this part, I just wanted to complain"
Iconic.
Your videos get better every time you upload! It’s always a treat when you release a video and I’m so excited to see your channel grow even more
Your enthusiasm over these little guys is just absolutely adorable. Thank you so much!
The editing, the script, the memes, the education. love it. A+ science communication.
Thank you for the new episode. Your videos are always so cheery, funny, and fascinating. It really lifts my spirits ^-^
My day is brightened with a new video from The Octopus Lady! ^___^
Your videos make me want to jump back into some Biology courses~ You make all the information super approachable and easy to absorb the way you've got it organized with pictures and diagrams and things. I get excited when I see new uploads from you, both for the fun I know I'll have watching, and for the learning I know I'll get to do :D
Thank you for all the work you put in to each video!
There's no question here, so I will answer - if I could perfectly blend in with my food, what food would it be. I would blend into white peaches. I think I could do that right now, in fact.
I'm gonna go to the supermarket and start a new life.
I ❤❤❤❤❤ this channel 😊 please keep these wonderfully educational and fun videos coming. ❤ from Brisbane Australia 🇦🇺
I love learning how to say new words (correctly or not correctly)
Never thought I'd say this, but goddamn that slug at 14:42 be T H I C C
Horizontal gene transfer is super important. For example, the ability to laterally transfer certain viral genes that may have led to the creation of the egg.
Wow, this is really interesting. It gives me all kinds of ideas for different experiments I can try on my little brother. I warned him to leave my gummy bears alone. Thank you for another great video. 😜
i love your style of animation and video effects to draw the viewer through the information and research. youre such a good storyteller and educator ! cant wait till u hit 100k
This was a great video! Gave me more insight to sea slugs. Are you gonna make a video about anglerfish I think those guys could make into a video. Because of their relative popularity there is propably a lot to cover and multiple studies about them. And there are so many like that one wich disguises as Sargassean algae or the one wich literally prefers walking over swimming!
Could you imagine if a human was able to self-decapitate and walk around as a head?
Then you could say, "You better quit while you're a head!"
...
All of a sudden I hear a chorus of cricket...
As a nod to the "The Thing", & decapitation in this video, my favourite scene in that movie was when one of the infected guys' head came off during a fight, grew eye-stalks & legs & skittered away. Another character could only stare at it & say, "You've *GOT* to be fucking kidding me."
The joy of being a molecular biologist is that yoi can read papers that might as well be sumerian and just going "yeah that makes total sense" 😂
i only discovered your channel a couple days ago but by god am i now addicted. it feels so refreshing to find such educational and genuine content. your passion and enthusiasm for marine biology shines through in every single video i've seen thus far. thank you for doing what you do!!!
I just realized how boring land animals are. To think about how little we do to protect the eco systems of the oceans is really sad. And likely it will get worse as humans want to get more, more, more of everything, so the ocean floors are probably the next big (eco-catastrophic) thing.
It will be heartbreaking to see those mineral nodule-based ecosystems get decimated. Unironically we'll be luckier if investors spend big on many fume-blasting launches to hoard asteroid metals, which at least wouldn't be a permanent problem.
I'm always blown away by how in-depth your research is, AND how you keep your videos entertaining!! you have massive talent, and I'm so grateful you share it with us!! take care
That "I thiiiink" is such a mood. I swear when reading papers, I understand saliently, but the second I question how I understand, yeahhh...
OMG YOU PLAY HADES TOO, god i love this channel even more. I love the sciences but im more of an engineering guy myself, although hearing about biology is nice :). Great work!
Your content is amazing and inspiring! It’s so entertaining yet grounded in good research. I have only been watching for around a year but in that time you’ve got me interested in all things ocean! (Although I’m about to start studying physics😂 does that make me a traitor?)
I really appreciate this channel for the dual hit of enthusiasm & constant reminders that nature does not give a f about human conceptions and rationalizations about nature.
I love how happy you are to be wrong and how open you about what you don't know. Its refreshing and humanizes the sciences in a much more authentic way than the usual manspain format with complete authority and zero questions which is NOT HOW SCIENCE BE
I am so glad when I see longer videos of yours! You've always got the most interesting topics! And you are so good at explaining things with clarity
i love this channel, and your way of looking at beautiful under promoted animals. I'm always learning here!
I absolutely love your videos. Please keep being awesome! :)
Oh my gosh please keep making videos, I love your format
Your sense of humor is what makes your channel a Hit! Great content You are Funny & entertaining
The vids are cool, but really I’m just glad to hear your voice again. I feel like we’d be hella friends, but the important thing here is: thanks for being you and sharing all this splendor with us 🥰
Me and my housemate had this saved so we could watch it together and I'm so glad, this was such a fun an interesting video. Thank you octopus lady!
Yes octopus lady is back! You’re so awesome! ❤
Just discovered your channel and I have to say I’m very impressed! Your enthusiasm is infectious and the creatures you cover are so fascinating! Keep it up ! :D
Hey Octopus Lady! 🌊🐙
Your videos are like a ray of sunshine breaking through the ocean depths! 🌞🌊 I've been following your channel for a while now, and it never ceases to amaze me how you bring the hidden wonders of the sea to life. Your passion for marine biology is truly infectious, and I've learned so much from your entertaining and informative content. 🐠🌿
It's fascinating to see how these sea slugs have evolved to harness the power of sunlight in such a unique way. Nature never ceases to surprise us, does it? 🌟
I'm eagerly awaiting your next video, and I hope you continue to explore the mysteries of the ocean for many more episodes to come! 🌊📚🤓
Wondered to myself if there was another Octopus Lady upload and was so happy to see there was. Incredible video as always and can’t wait for the next one
I haven’t seen a video of yours in SO LONG! A good nightcap for tonight. Time to binge.
I found your channel the other day and have already watched most of your videos, and can I just say GIRL IM ALSO WAITING FOR HADES 2 ITS SO PAINFUL ;-;
And obviously I love your content sm, everything in so perfect like ahh your voice is so cute, your sense of humor is 10/10, the topics you choose are sick, just ajsdljdakljsa pls never stop
Im so excited!! sea slugs are a huge fixation of mine and sacoglossans are my favorite. thanks for covering them!
So glad I found this channel. New fave
Cutest slug ever 💜
Sea slugs of all kinds are just so Cool! I NEED to learn more about them. I gotta tell my friends about this. Your videos are always so interesting and easy to understand I can‘t wait for all the other fun things you‘re gonna dive into!
Your videos are entertaining and well-researched every time! Thank you for all the effort you put into these, they’re always exciting to watch.
This series is so amazing. I've watched like 12 of these, and it's now 4 am.
I am so happy I found your channel, wonderful video as always.
one of my favorite channels! so sweet and cool! i would listen to you info dump about ANYTHING
Just a kudo!! I love your channel and appreciate all of your hard work!
I love your videos, you do such good research and present it in such a fun way! I'd love to see you do an episode on tunicates, they're such weirdos, from losing their notochord as adults, to being animals that make cellulose, to the whole obligate reversing their blood flow every few minutes
This is so informative!!! Fantastic video; I love this kind of content!🌻🌼🐝
I just found you yesterday AND you like my favorite video game???? I love you, Octopus Lady. You and Zefrank now occupy a special science-shaped place in my heart.
I don't know what the shape of science is but I bet its cool.
I cant believe you dont have more subscribers! I love your channel and you're one of my favorite RUclipsrs!
this is a great video, thank you so much
So glad you did a vid about these slugs! I remember when the paper came out and telling my kids and mom and anyone else who would listen all about it!
THEY LOOK SO COOL, THANK YOU FOR BRINGING THEM TO MY ATTENTION
i love your video titles, they are so amazingly good and funny
this was so good i love your graphics too
Today the algorithm has provided me a gift. This was awesome; looking forward to more (and your backlog!)
omg some of those sea slugs are just too cute.
Your so good. I always find your videos delightful.
Cool a science video that brings up more questions than answers. Very characteristic of the field. 11/10