Why Is Our Skeleton On the Inside?

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  • Опубликовано: 27 июл 2020
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    Having bones is pretty cool. They make our blood, let us hear, and keep us from being just a squishy puddle on the floor. But for every species with bones, there are at least 20 species on Earth with exoskeletons instead. And those exoskeleton animals are incredibly tough and strong. So why don’t WE have our skeletons on the outside? This is the story of bones!
    References: sites.google.com/view/why-our...
    Special thanks for research assistance:
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Комментарии • 6 тыс.

  • @besmart
    @besmart  3 года назад +2735

    Why do some animals have exoskeletons and some have internal skeletons? This question popped into my head one day and the answer turned out to be more interesting than I could have imagined. Skeletons are amazing. Let me know what you thought of the video! I'm on Twitter & Instagram @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart

    • @martin3840
      @martin3840 3 года назад +13

      Oh

    • @jeremygilmore3208
      @jeremygilmore3208 3 года назад +9

      @@martin3840 Oh

    • @pratik0807ray
      @pratik0807ray 3 года назад +8

      Learning a ton from your videos. A huge thanks from India. Please keep uploading

    • @Photon001
      @Photon001 3 года назад +7

      Now I wonder what if we had both exoskeletons and internal skeletons

    • @Shadow1250000
      @Shadow1250000 3 года назад +7

      *cough* Ankylosaur and armored dinosaurs.

  • @petrfedor1851
    @petrfedor1851 3 года назад +11973

    Evolution: Would you like to have skeleton inside or outside.
    Turtles: Yes.

    • @Moonbeam143
      @Moonbeam143 3 года назад +1263

      Turtles are hardcore.

    • @strider_hiryu850
      @strider_hiryu850 3 года назад +945

      They can breathe through their anuses too… I think. Turtles just ticked all the boxes.

    • @oddicocidic
      @oddicocidic 3 года назад +820

      Turtles are cool, until a kid turns it on his back.

    • @IbanBoi99
      @IbanBoi99 3 года назад +132

      how bout *Boneless*

    • @fabianglathe6131
      @fabianglathe6131 3 года назад +402

      There’s actually some turtles that can flip over again by just tugging everything in, and because of the form of their shell and the weight distribution they flip back on their feet. Pretty amazing ^^

  • @richardchikosi4320
    @richardchikosi4320 3 года назад +3698

    "life remained squishy for a while" oh how I wish my biology teacher talked the way u did to me

    • @default632
      @default632 3 года назад +76

      well your biology teacher is probably the opposite of squishy, if you know what I mean ;)

    • @feelinghypothermic
      @feelinghypothermic 3 года назад +77

      my biology teacher literally talk like this.. no wonder I love biology

    • @GuinessOriginal
      @GuinessOriginal 3 года назад +46

      Someone would probably find a way to be offended by it these days and get them sacked

    • @hhfbko
      @hhfbko 3 года назад +1

      Yep

    • @DIYToPen
      @DIYToPen 3 года назад +4

      Yeh, so erotic

  • @MrSnakekaplan
    @MrSnakekaplan Год назад +89

    The ironic part of the intro is that Strongman competitions do have plane pulling and Thor won the 2016 plane pull event.

  • @jaschabull2365
    @jaschabull2365 Год назад +152

    I actually recall hearing from my Vertebrate Zoology professor that the exoskeletons of ancient vertebrates may actually have mainly functioned as calcium sinks to allow for calcium use in cellular functions, and it became repurposed for skeletal functions, which is pretty cool.
    Also, vertebrates aren't the only animals who turned inside out like this. Keepers of pet birds may recall the cuttlebones sometimes given to them in their cages. Apparently those internal "bones" cuttlefish have are actually the equivalent of the shells of nautilus/ammonites, so cephalopods put their shells on the inside as well. I've even heard of some cephalopod species which use these internal shells as muscle attachments, meaning they actually do have skeletal bones (albeit very few of them), which is pretty neat.

    • @ShadeAKAhayate
      @ShadeAKAhayate Год назад +1

      You understand that almost everything inside an animal was repurposed at some point, right? Maybe the genetic code mechanism itself wasn't, but that's close to it.

    • @jaschabull2365
      @jaschabull2365 Год назад +2

      @@ShadeAKAhayate
      Guess it stands to reason.

    • @jebes909090
      @jebes909090 2 месяца назад +2

      Like fat has been repurposed to become nice racks

  • @justsomeguywithtattoos6267
    @justsomeguywithtattoos6267 3 года назад +4017

    Evolution: Do you want skeleton inside or outside?
    Sharks: no

    • @filipalilovic8562
      @filipalilovic8562 3 года назад +155

      Pretty sure they have a spine and skull

    • @kermitgenoside7731
      @kermitgenoside7731 3 года назад +950

      @@filipalilovic8562 they only have bones for their jaws, the rest is just hardened cartilege. That's why most shark remnants are just their teeth and not a whole skeleton

    • @filipalilovic8562
      @filipalilovic8562 3 года назад +105

      @@kermitgenoside7731 oh ok

    • @aaryanjain9532
      @aaryanjain9532 3 года назад +14

      Did you comment this because of the previous comment

    • @doomslayer8562
      @doomslayer8562 3 года назад +34

      @@kermitgenoside7731 wait how can shark get that strong even without bones! Can you explained that to me?

  • @MarkRober
    @MarkRober 3 года назад +8374

    This was really well written Joe. I loved how you phrased certain parts.

    • @nguyenquocbaokhang1963
      @nguyenquocbaokhang1963 3 года назад +391

      Oh hi Mark

    • @user-zk4dv2nx8k
      @user-zk4dv2nx8k 3 года назад +34

      When is ur next vid coming ???

    • @CorazonCorazon59
      @CorazonCorazon59 3 года назад +9

      It was definitely not

    • @ARP-on8ms
      @ARP-on8ms 3 года назад +15

      Hey Mark!
      Great seeing you here, keep up your curiosity and the great content you always bring to us.

    • @navaranjit673
      @navaranjit673 3 года назад +3

      Mark amazing vid, I felt so heart warmed when I watched the last video

  • @Gav2965
    @Gav2965 2 года назад +73

    I would love to see what we would look like if by chance there was other alkaline earth metal rather than calcium.

    • @jarvis5552
      @jarvis5552 2 года назад +9

      Oh that's actually an incredible question I now need the answer to

    • @Quibblet
      @Quibblet 2 года назад +13

      That would be interesting. It's a trope in sci-fi that humans build A.I/androids with metal skeletons. Hey, create in thy own image. I don't think we would be as flexible and perhaps more heavier, as hypothesized in the video, 'What You Changed Your Bones To Metal.' Also, the most current development is titanium foam where it's light and structurally perforated to allow blood vessels to develop inside its interiors - like an actual bone. It's still in its infancy stages, but it may help to replace brittle or irrepairable bones in the future. The brand is InnoTERE.

    • @LecherousLizard
      @LecherousLizard Год назад +3

      @@Quibblet JOIN THE GLORIOUS EVOLUTION

    • @wisemysticaltree2866
      @wisemysticaltree2866 2 месяца назад +1

      Actually, that can happen to you, if you ingest strontium(the element below calcium) your body will confuse it for calcium and use it to build the bones, tho it isn't healthy as it has different properties, and your body can't clear it out afterwards, and if it builds up, well you're kinda screwed

  • @SlowerIsFaster139
    @SlowerIsFaster139 Год назад +14

    Biology was my favorite class in school. The thought of a completely different evolution just makes the mind wander haha. It's a fun thing to think about

  • @YankeeGun
    @YankeeGun 3 года назад +4675

    Plot twist: humans are actually meat mechas being piloted by an advanced organic A.I. wich weighs roughly 3 pounds....

    • @PrimusInvictus
      @PrimusInvictus 3 года назад +447

      Isn't that Ultimately just... True? Because it's just one way to look at it/break it down?

    • @__-fi6xg
      @__-fi6xg 3 года назад +218

      More like a robot with great limitations. And everything outside earth is 1000x deadly for us.

    • @Clarkkent163
      @Clarkkent163 3 года назад +90

      True as well, we're literally just a body that is pretty much being controlled by our amazing, complex supercomputers..... aka, our brains 🧠

    • @jonwicked7031
      @jonwicked7031 3 года назад +73

      @__ nah with this Mechas we can make any weapon that can destroy any other creature ever , the ability to make such tools make this meat Mechas the apex predator

    • @abrahamdiaz3489
      @abrahamdiaz3489 3 года назад +5

      IP lll9l

  • @calmc
    @calmc 3 года назад +3020

    Exoskeleton:
    -Insane strength
    -less pain
    -sturdy
    -difficulty in uprighting oneself upon flipping
    -slow
    -permanently damaged exo armor
    Skeleton
    -extra dynamic and fluent mobility
    -lighter body
    -amplified pain
    -squishy externals
    -regenerable external armor
    -more room for modifications

    • @machielluchtmeijer7796
      @machielluchtmeijer7796 3 года назад +462

      And better stamina and faster cooling off

    • @MuhdAriff-kv5zn
      @MuhdAriff-kv5zn 3 года назад +78

      Can be Modification...how about him? **James Charles** aight imma bouta headout

    • @firestorm165
      @firestorm165 3 года назад +207

      Not necessarily so in regards to permanent damage. You'd just have to have new armour plating growing under the old and shed said plates when the new ones are fully developed

    • @HeavenTheWorld70hjs
      @HeavenTheWorld70hjs 3 года назад +120

      Exoskeleton:Smaller body
      Endoskeleton:Bigger body

    • @TaurionMartell
      @TaurionMartell 3 года назад +21

      Does the strenght claim take cube law into account?

  • @patshanahan8147
    @patshanahan8147 Год назад +2

    Love this video and I have a sci-fi novel I'm writing about our final layer being proper shield technology suited for any environment. Great work man. Good videos.

  • @k1nk1ne
    @k1nk1ne 2 года назад +20

    Its hard to imagine how elephantsize crab would molt. Without skeleton It would just flatten out.

  • @jeffreycervantes3609
    @jeffreycervantes3609 3 года назад +1725

    "Hey smart people "
    You're making a lot of assumptions here

  • @kamisama9715
    @kamisama9715 3 года назад +1911

    Imagine you have an exoskeleton and your back starts itching.

    • @ryobaaishi9968
      @ryobaaishi9968 2 года назад +166

      FUUUUUUU-

    • @juanmanuelmoramontes3883
      @juanmanuelmoramontes3883 2 года назад +260

      **Anxiety has been activated**

    • @Derpy-bk6go
      @Derpy-bk6go 2 года назад +82

      *P A I N*

    • @GrubKiller436
      @GrubKiller436 2 года назад +119

      So the part that itches is inside your exoskeleton? lol

    • @trentbell8276
      @trentbell8276 2 года назад +102

      Well, if you're close to molting, you'll be able to get that scratch soon enough

  • @OLDSCHOOLMIAMI
    @OLDSCHOOLMIAMI Год назад

    Awesome awesome awesome. I just subscribed tonight and I love how you explain things. Definitely dope

  • @Mr8bitaddict
    @Mr8bitaddict 2 года назад +2

    I swear that little animation of the Mountain waddling around cracked me up real good

  • @sakurahertz
    @sakurahertz 3 года назад +1083

    I wouldn’t attempt to arm wrestle that chimera ant if I were you

  • @-kami-121
    @-kami-121 3 года назад +558

    Me: Imma go to sleep
    RUclips: Why do you have skeleton

  • @nightman8612
    @nightman8612 Год назад +1

    Is a matter of size/weight. The same concept applies when building huge ships/buildings/aircraft). You need a geometrical increase in its structure volume (makes heavy and consumes more energy (less efficient))

  • @user-nb4ou7on5q
    @user-nb4ou7on5q 2 года назад +1

    I learnt a lot from this video so thanks for educating us

  • @guidomista5738
    @guidomista5738 2 года назад +5529

    This video in a nutshell: Nature and evolution could make us stronger or faster, but hey we can do yoga.

    • @user-rw5nl4vy6h
      @user-rw5nl4vy6h 2 года назад +78

      Do people still believe in evolution?

    • @guidomista5738
      @guidomista5738 2 года назад +689

      @@user-rw5nl4vy6h Yep, still trying return to monke

    • @arnekrug939
      @arnekrug939 2 года назад +405

      @@user-rw5nl4vy6h Still? As opposed to creationism or what?

    • @jupiter9049
      @jupiter9049 2 года назад +26

      F o u r

    • @brawmankerlexterminateurde860
      @brawmankerlexterminateurde860 2 года назад +377

      @@user-rw5nl4vy6h how do u think we exist? From? magic

  • @namansoood
    @namansoood 3 года назад +1347

    "you're just meat, in a sack, tied to a bunch of carefully organized rocks"
    Existential crisis: *"heya imma here"*

    • @lordmoncef5494
      @lordmoncef5494 3 года назад +16

      The joke wasn t funny n u made it even more lamer

    • @spinoplays6703
      @spinoplays6703 3 года назад +37

      You're brain is you surrounded with meat armor with your skeleton being the bone mech.

    • @badimaaa4a548
      @badimaaa4a548 3 года назад

      In other words, you're a bag.

    • @anomaly395
      @anomaly395 3 года назад +2

      Honestly it should be common knowledge at this point

    • @meteorstorm415
      @meteorstorm415 3 года назад +3

      @Zy 35 Mosquitos get replaced with flying human blood sucking spiders after Hal 9000 kills all mosquitos.

  • @vazarin410
    @vazarin410 Год назад +4

    I remember a long time ago that there was a type of fish that had both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton. Despite how physically tough they were, I wonder what it exactly was that got rid of... all of them?

    • @nimbuto
      @nimbuto Год назад +2

      "fish that had both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton" That sounds very much like a Seahorse

    • @throg4657
      @throg4657 9 месяцев назад

      Eliksni moment

    • @creeperYT9824
      @creeperYT9824 12 дней назад

      how tf do you remember that

  • @johnlynch575
    @johnlynch575 Год назад +5

    4:44 Yah but growing pains come from growth spurts and those hurt. I believe these are the bones getting bigger, stretching and it hurts, for a spell. I think there is a tradeoff. they, insects and such, get to lift objects many times their size and weight and we get to be human.

  • @east8891
    @east8891 2 года назад +719

    Exoskeleton: Strength and Defense.
    Skeleton: Flexibility and Mobility.

    • @sinaibrassi4197
      @sinaibrassi4197 2 года назад +107

      So basically Strength or Dexterity build 😶

    • @lifedisconnected3549
      @lifedisconnected3549 2 года назад +59

      Jellyfish be like I want none of those things

    • @ythaagruligiztil4813
      @ythaagruligiztil4813 2 года назад +131

      @@lifedisconnected3549 jellyfish choose immortality

    • @lilyfhonazhel2675
      @lilyfhonazhel2675 2 года назад +14

      Meanwhile turtles: -flip-

    • @shamrockgaming9505
      @shamrockgaming9505 2 года назад +3

      @@sinaibrassi4197 well your bever supposed to level dex so i gues ill return to arthropod now

  • @kcgfy81
    @kcgfy81 3 года назад +440

    When an ant asks a powerlifter: "Do you even lift bro?"

  • @fanankomo
    @fanankomo 2 года назад +7

    Joe: I'm so tired of nachos
    Me: *Finishes about a sixth plate of nachos* me too

  • @KelsaRavenlock
    @KelsaRavenlock 2 года назад

    I got the extra ribs, a rib cage overlap, and an unusual sternum. Apparently I am better protected from blows but less protected against compression.

  • @walkyoutalk9679
    @walkyoutalk9679 3 года назад +304

    Turtles be like “why not both”

    • @kan50805
      @kan50805 3 года назад +9

      oh yeah wtf

    • @danielawesome36
      @danielawesome36 3 года назад +21

      Turtle: "Noooo you can't just be so fast."
      Literally everyone else: "Haha exo/endoskeleton go brrr."

    • @danielawesome36
      @danielawesome36 3 года назад +1

      @Chernobeel Not fast enough, though.
      Compared to others it size, I mean.

    • @mistercat5300
      @mistercat5300 2 года назад +1

      @@danielawesome36 But they live 100 - 500 years hahaha

  • @ifarted6302
    @ifarted6302 3 года назад +912

    “You’re only able to hear me through bones in your ear”
    Deaf people: Yes

    • @smellycat3861
      @smellycat3861 3 года назад +6

      pffff wow
      is that mean?
      im still laughing because its funny lol

    • @thehorseformerlywithoutana2522
      @thehorseformerlywithoutana2522 3 года назад +27

      Oh. I thought they'd say: What?

    • @rynzoku8662
      @rynzoku8662 3 года назад +16

      Deaf people can only really listen to captions

    • @vernscheck2658
      @vernscheck2658 3 года назад +3

      Not entirely. A signal cave sent directly to the Chochlea to create sound with the use of a choclear implant.

    • @No-yr9rs
      @No-yr9rs 3 года назад

      @@vernscheck2658
      Nice

  • @laughingmonkey5522
    @laughingmonkey5522 Год назад +4

    I think its better this way, with our brains we can build suits/armor that imitate exoskeletons for multiple purposes. All we're really missing is hybridization with our bodies. To maximize on "hydraulic" performance for the suit. However. It is interesting that the opposite would be 100x harder to achieve, reinforcing bones or adding them into an existing exoskeleton would give little to no benefits.

  • @thomasparkin259
    @thomasparkin259 Год назад +1

    I wonder if there would be any benefit to having both an exoskeleton and an internal skeleton?

  • @RelativelyBest
    @RelativelyBest 3 года назад +1408

    And then there's the pangolin, who basically said: "Screw this fur thing, I'm gonna evolve keratin scales all over my body until I look like a goddamned dragon. That way I'll have bones _and_ biological armor."

    • @MrMaxitaple
      @MrMaxitaple 2 года назад +53

      That dude is gnarly as fu*k

    • @YoshiLikesFate
      @YoshiLikesFate 2 года назад +42

      Sooo, Senator Armstrong?

    • @chinossynthesizer705
      @chinossynthesizer705 2 года назад +5

      People still kill em and sell em or eat em

    • @justarandomuser8434
      @justarandomuser8434 2 года назад +43

      too bad their nemesis, the car, doesnt care about all that

    • @Dan_Kanerva
      @Dan_Kanerva 2 года назад +18

      @@YoshiLikesFate played college ball, ya know?

  • @milzamk.basith4399
    @milzamk.basith4399 3 года назад +459

    Therapist: "Endoskeleton ant doesn't exist, it can't hurt you."
    Endoskeleton ant: 8:04

  • @Ming1975
    @Ming1975 2 года назад

    Question, if we are invertebrates would we be better suited for space and can we heal from damage to our exoskeleton shell?

  • @user-mv6dt2er1w
    @user-mv6dt2er1w 3 месяца назад +2

    7:10 "I'm so tried of nachos " 😂😅

  • @popupro
    @popupro 3 года назад +700

    "You can hear me because of a bone in your ear"
    Deaf people:

    • @The360MlgNoscoper
      @The360MlgNoscoper 3 года назад +23

      Soon people will comment about the fact that deaf people can talk. They can but people born deaf never learned language.

    • @LePedant
      @LePedant 3 года назад +5

      That reminds me of a limerick I heard in middle school.

    • @melitopiia4730
      @melitopiia4730 3 года назад +24

      @great white pup As a child I used to think deaf was spelled like death and I thought they were like grim reapers

    • @ragnkja
      @ragnkja 3 года назад +16

      The360Mlg Noscoper
      People who are born Deaf learn sign language, and the earlier they start learning it, the better. In fact, babies seem to learn sign language faster than spoken language.

    • @Sergedfabre
      @Sergedfabre 3 года назад +1

      most deaf have that bone

  • @IvanSolonenko
    @IvanSolonenko 3 года назад +479

    "Evolution is a lot like a chef stuck at home during covid quarantine." Superb

    • @terrylandess6072
      @terrylandess6072 3 года назад +9

      I like Nachos.

    • @stevethea5250
      @stevethea5250 3 года назад

      @@terrylandess6072 video guy reminds me of some nerdy girl but I don't quite remember her name
      His face is very similar too

    • @pranavlimaye
      @pranavlimaye 3 года назад +1

      @@stevethea5250 Physics Girl?

    • @stevethea5250
      @stevethea5250 3 года назад

      @@pranavlimaye yeah she's super similar haha
      I am not 100% sure but it could be ..

  • @Brauljo
    @Brauljo Год назад

    8:09 That's a good point, the brain is a muscle encased in the skull, making it an exoskeleton.
    There's similar argument for the rib cage.

    • @cameronschyuder9034
      @cameronschyuder9034 Месяц назад

      The brain is not a muscle technically, it's made of blood vessels + nerves. It is an organ made of 60% fat, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine

  • @sergiovieiradesouza306
    @sergiovieiradesouza306 Год назад

    Beatle air plain push?
    At Brasil we have some that did that !
    Marcos Mohai

  • @newtscamander7713
    @newtscamander7713 3 года назад +336

    Gosh, I wish I was a human size dungbeetle with super strength...
    "Hey Marvel, I think I have an idea for your next blockbuster. It's about this huge dungbeetle... "
    *Call Ended*

    • @tuptap2457
      @tuptap2457 3 года назад +3

      seriously underrated comment :D

    • @gyozakeynsianism
      @gyozakeynsianism 3 года назад +2

      Kafka would appreciate this.

    • @baguette745
      @baguette745 3 года назад

      Hmmmm

    • @101Mant
      @101Mant 3 года назад +3

      I know it is a joke but you would firstly not have super strength and secondly be dead very quickly.

    • @Doflaminguard
      @Doflaminguard 3 года назад

      Isnt this what Stan experienced with Spiderman? Comic publishers think its stupid.

  • @textingstoryhub2021
    @textingstoryhub2021 3 года назад +306

    Why is Our Skeleton on The Inside ?
    Brook: Why I am ONLY SKELETON ? YOHOHOHOHO !!!! 💀

    • @chocho6766
      @chocho6766 3 года назад +11

      pantsu, misette kudasai

    • @michaelpoo6191
      @michaelpoo6191 3 года назад +1

      YOHOHOHO

    • @4head359
      @4head359 3 года назад

      Gtfo weeeeeeb

    • @chocho6766
      @chocho6766 3 года назад +6

      @@4head359 *REEEEEE*

    • @Saiyagami
      @Saiyagami 3 года назад +6

      @Equinodium Lezarouxe there is a Charakter in an anime called one piece who's just a living skeleton who keeps making jokes about that he has no eyes,skinn,nose or anything else

  • @beng4ll967
    @beng4ll967 2 года назад +4

    0:02 This man can lift a polar bear.
    A monster

  • @kevinnjenga5042
    @kevinnjenga5042 2 года назад

    Wish you could be my biology teacher in kenya....you make it look iiiinnntresting...cant stop watching 👏👏👍👍

  • @noastraeus
    @noastraeus 3 года назад +112

    "A shrew is 4% bone, and while it's quick, it's pretty easy to squish."
    no.

  • @davidsdinero
    @davidsdinero 3 года назад +584

    Tune in next week for:
    Why are our organs on the inside?

  • @Niaktru
    @Niaktru 2 месяца назад

    You answered a ton of questions i had for some 20+ years, the "fact" school taught us that ants our size would be able to move buildings never sat right with me

  • @sprinkleroilfish
    @sprinkleroilfish 2 года назад

    Man! You are amazing.

  • @Bee-kv5tx
    @Bee-kv5tx 3 года назад +3530

    Scientists: so do you have an exoskeleton or internal skeleton?
    Turtles: yes
    Jellyfish: no
    Shark: no
    Knights: yes

    • @josephjoestar324
      @josephjoestar324 3 года назад +392

      Sharks : well yes but actually no

    • @ryobaaishi9968
      @ryobaaishi9968 2 года назад +65

      Phytoplankton-nooooooo
      Zooplankton-.....

    • @mdahsenmirza2536
      @mdahsenmirza2536 2 года назад +153

      Knights= yes'nt

    • @crispyshaman4937
      @crispyshaman4937 2 года назад +59

      Sharks actually have a internal skeleton. Wich is made from very shoft bone wich wil decay very fast

    • @CowSaver-yc3nj
      @CowSaver-yc3nj 2 года назад +21

      I don't think that was a question to be answered with yes or no

  • @watchrocksgrow
    @watchrocksgrow 3 года назад +1015

    Could a man-sized ant really lift a car? Relative strength decreases with increasing size. Classic scaling issue in biology. The force produced by a tissue is generally proportional to the cross-sectional area of the tissue (pi-r-squared), whereas the mass of the same tissue is proportional to its volume (pi-r-cubed). Basically as you scale up your strength-to-weight ratio gets worse and worse. We'll have to watch an ant fight a tiny man to be sure.

    • @dimaswitanto2994
      @dimaswitanto2994 3 года назад +54

      Facts:
      -as we scale up our system scale up and our basic force scale up
      -there's no strength to weight ratio if your Body and those on it gets Bigger to
      -Basically STo'W ratio is used in athletics stuff for gymnastics and bodybuilding
      -we used Gravity and force physics for calculating something like building a plane that can withstand certain weight without its engine and its force energy popped out
      What is "cross-sectiona area"? And those (pir-r-square / pir-r-cubed stuff) you talking about? Please explain

    • @aidenfielding9709
      @aidenfielding9709 3 года назад +170

      @@dimaswitanto2994 Suppose that we scaled up an insect by a factor of 100. The legs would have a diameter 100 times that of the original and a cross sectional area 100*100 = 10,000 times the original. But, the volume of the animal's body would be 100*100*100 = one million times the original volume. If the tissue and exoskeleton were exactly of the same composition, and thus density, the larger insect would weigh one million times as much as the original. But, the weight of the body would be supported on legs with only 10,000 times as much cross sectional area, and thus total strength, as the original. The weight supported per square millimeter of cross sectional area would have increased by 100 times. The pressure on each millimeter of cross sectional area would have increased by 100 times, the resulting force would crush the animals legs

    • @lucase.crusader1196
      @lucase.crusader1196 3 года назад +39

      @@dimaswitanto2994 even in the video it is mentioned at 5:00

    • @TheLiamis
      @TheLiamis 3 года назад +18

      They couldn't even lift their own weight. Internal skeletal is the best. Suck it exoskeleton.

    • @danielstoschek2154
      @danielstoschek2154 3 года назад +14

      This is so true
      Even though the video mentions this topic i think it is super misleading

  • @DumbfoundedMadman
    @DumbfoundedMadman Год назад

    I think this might have been an editing error, but in what world is 52 twice the amount of 33? I don't know why, but I really got held up on this. I think you were referring to the fact that there's 33 joints in each foot, which would be twice the amount of 33 bones in the spine if you factor in we have two feet. Other than that, cool video.

  • @AnimeFan84
    @AnimeFan84 2 года назад +4

    Evolution making us doing yoga: it's all coming together

  • @Fixer_Su3ana
    @Fixer_Su3ana 3 года назад +634

    To ants, we are the squishy slimy titanic squid people like lovecraft envisioned.

    • @NeostormXLMAX
      @NeostormXLMAX 3 года назад +19

      Like titans from aot

    • @purpleemerald5299
      @purpleemerald5299 3 года назад +67

      NeostormXLMAX Yet somehow even more horrifying. Like if a titan from AOT just started casually spraying everyone down with toxic gas. Or began pouring molten metal into our cities. Or just straight up drowned us. We’re less like monsters and more like gods or natural disasters. XD

    • @johnisaacburns7260
      @johnisaacburns7260 3 года назад +24

      Purple Emerald i like that, humans are like natural disasters

    • @PrimusInvictus
      @PrimusInvictus 3 года назад +10

      @@johnisaacburns7260 okay TheKillerKetchup aka RiceFarmer54 I truly believe that your name is an art piece.

    • @purpleemerald5299
      @purpleemerald5299 3 года назад +5

      Comrade red Remove the “natural” part and that’s spot-on! XD

  • @andrew1202
    @andrew1202 3 года назад +494

    This guy look like Johnny Knoxville if he didn't join jackass and studied chemistry

  • @dguibff
    @dguibff 5 месяцев назад

    Great information thanks 👍

  • @Phrenotopia
    @Phrenotopia 2 года назад

    Yeah, there's definitely something going on here... But hey! Great video and well-explained and expanded upon.

  • @KQEDDeepLook
    @KQEDDeepLook 3 года назад +655

    Three cheers for exoskeletons!

    • @alixxandrethegreat
      @alixxandrethegreat 3 года назад +7

      Hi deep look! I hope you'll get more likes someday!

    • @NinjaSushi2
      @NinjaSushi2 3 года назад +2

      I see you.

    • @subscribemeillsubscribebac4895
      @subscribemeillsubscribebac4895 3 года назад +1

      Deep Look you have millions of subs but only 43 likes including me untill now 🤔maybe your comment is dead.

    • @gvrao8340
      @gvrao8340 3 года назад

      Hiiiiii I really like ur videos

  • @novideos9325
    @novideos9325 3 года назад +356

    Even though he’s quarantined like the rest of us, I love how he still produces high-quality and entertaining videos.

    • @synonymous1079
      @synonymous1079 3 года назад +3

      SIIIIIIIIIIIIMMMMMP!!!!!!!

    • @zacharycarrier2890
      @zacharycarrier2890 3 года назад +11

      Lmao where are you living where you're still quarantined?

    • @diamondmoonwolf
      @diamondmoonwolf 3 года назад

      Right!?

    • @novideos9325
      @novideos9325 3 года назад +3

      Dr. Phil 2.0 America unfortunately

    • @yugfred1744
      @yugfred1744 3 года назад +3

      Dr. Phil 2.0 what do you define as quarantine can’t leave the house or have to wear a mask because a lot of places are

  • @AdditionalAndrew5916
    @AdditionalAndrew5916 Год назад

    This is neat, but how do you classify animals like Turtles and Armadillos? They have bodies that somehow feel in-between and varies in sizes and ages.

  • @Sment1024
    @Sment1024 Год назад +1

    We see ourselves as fleshy body with hard bones inside, but we are gelly brains inside hard shell which is mostly composed of mineral salts supported by reinforcement of protein fibers.

  • @ChudBogdanoff
    @ChudBogdanoff 3 года назад +118

    "his skeleton was missing, and the doctor was never heared of again"

    • @spikesponge7005
      @spikesponge7005 3 года назад +32

      Anyway...that's how I lost my medical license

    • @mateorios1636
      @mateorios1636 2 года назад +4

      Archimedes, No!
      Its Flithy in there!

    • @anandasatria7734
      @anandasatria7734 2 года назад +3

      Hahah, birds!

    • @exterminatusbutton8723
      @exterminatusbutton8723 2 года назад +5

      Now most hearts couldn’t withstand this voltage, but I’m fairly certain your heart… *heart explodes*

    • @mateorios1636
      @mateorios1636 2 года назад +5

      @@exterminatusbutton8723 what was that?
      ...
      That is the sound of progress mein friend....

  • @zerozone5848
    @zerozone5848 3 года назад +238

    *_Did you know?_*
    *_That there are enough bones in the human body to make up an entire Skeleton?_*

    • @xlnmq7132
      @xlnmq7132 3 года назад +1

      *did you know*
      an average baby has over *300 + bones* and an average adult has *206* and a *new born baby has 300 or more bones*

    • @nugget1953
      @nugget1953 3 года назад +40

      Did you know that 10/10 people have skeletons

    • @xlnmq7132
      @xlnmq7132 3 года назад +8

      @@nugget1953 😱

    • @denominagainatedableus13ye5
      @denominagainatedableus13ye5 3 года назад +5

      Did you know?
      This comment wasn't made 13 years ago?

    • @vladimirilyichulyanov4569
      @vladimirilyichulyanov4569 3 года назад +2

      @@nugget1953 I don't

  • @garypugh1153
    @garypugh1153 2 месяца назад

    I think some aliens on other planets around other stars might have exoskeletons as i saw in the movie " district 9" . Awsome movie a few years ago at the theatre. 😊

  • @valentinackermann2539
    @valentinackermann2539 Год назад +1

    Hi. I study Biologie in Germany and i wanted to say a few things.
    in the part where you discribed the evolution of protostomia and deuterostomia you had a few mistakes. Some were just not completly accurate pictures for the narration. For example you showed a nine-eye which is one of the earliest forms of fish (it isnˋt even folly classified as such because its so old) but is happend way later that what the narration says. Also what a person might think from seeing this video is that protostomia and deuterostomia are classified by the skelleton they have. it is true that you could say something like that and it would mostly be a way of classification. A problem with that are for example worms wich can be found on both branches wich have a hydro-skelleton or things like sqids witch have somewhat of a hard skelleton on the inside (evolutionary it came from the outside as well; their closest relatives are musscles and snails).
    Protostomia and deuterostomia are classified a bit different: before is a full human/ant we start from one cell which turns into a few cells which form a ball. this ball then dents somewhere. this dent then breaks through on the other side. we get a cell-donut. the hole of this donut becomes our digestive system. if the dent becomes the mouth we speek of protostomia (first mouth). if the break through becomes the mouth it is a deuterostomia (new mouth).
    otherwise i really love your vids

  • @mokies7811
    @mokies7811 3 года назад +171

    Exoskeletons peaked at horseshoe crabs. Like it was made so well that they're still around today. Horseshoe crabs are the go pros of the far prehistoric era

    • @jonharrison3114
      @jonharrison3114 Год назад +19

      Sorta like alligators and crocodiles. They’ve sorta peaked biologically

    • @mongomoonbladder8023
      @mongomoonbladder8023 Год назад +2

      Made in God's image.... 😊

    • @generaloverlord2988
      @generaloverlord2988 Год назад +6

      ​@@mongomoonbladder8023 yeah just ignore science

    • @ShadeAKAhayate
      @ShadeAKAhayate Год назад +6

      @@generaloverlord2988 /r/whoosh

    • @mongomoonbladder8023
      @mongomoonbladder8023 Год назад +1

      @@generaloverlord2988
      You try to make jokes, it just don't work on some people.... 😊

  • @jairocorrales7370
    @jairocorrales7370 3 года назад +141

    I love that you shout out Tierzoo.

    • @syweb2
      @syweb2 2 года назад +1

      And Banana for Scale

  • @7mustafasarac
    @7mustafasarac 2 года назад

    Excellent job

  • @themainman2827
    @themainman2827 2 года назад

    It would be interesting have some qutimous exoeskeleton alongside normal skeleton to reinforce arms or legs ie.

  • @NewMessage
    @NewMessage 3 года назад +160

    Because if it was on the outside, Halloween would lose some of it's scare factor.

    • @alexandertownsend3291
      @alexandertownsend3291 3 года назад

      Ha awesome

    • @bb-gb7jv
      @bb-gb7jv 3 года назад +13

      We would have wore skin outfits

    • @Matty002
      @Matty002 3 года назад +7

      @@bb-gb7jv exactly
      'could you imagine if our organs were outside our exoskeletons?'
      'omg eww that would be creepy'

    • @Iku00
      @Iku00 3 года назад +2

      Halloween wouldn't exist at all, it would just be "Everyday"

    • @zijian219
      @zijian219 3 года назад +1

      @@Matty002 ew mommy that guy's spleen is hanging off his shell

  • @Moosh_
    @Moosh_ 3 года назад +157

    “brb bro gonna put my Skelton on the outside so I get stronger”
    Last online 6 years ago
    “Aight bro I done it let’s play some minecraft I wanna go collect some roses”

  • @the_fake_piano7725
    @the_fake_piano7725 Год назад +1

    So if another building material was there instead of calcium would would have something else for bones?

  • @RagosRagos778
    @RagosRagos778 Год назад

    Wow... Ton of knowledge in a singgle video, I wish i could remember all of those words..

  • @aadhyaivaturi495
    @aadhyaivaturi495 3 года назад +698

    Ants could be our bodyguards if they were THAT big.
    If they like us.
    Edit: Okay this comment may not have a lot of likes, but to me, 729 likes is a lot.

    • @metagiga7626
      @metagiga7626 3 года назад +54

      if ants were that big and intelligent, the first thing that came to your mind was slavery huh

    • @valluvanadcons5693
      @valluvanadcons5693 3 года назад +15

      They can if earth have doubled oxygen

    • @muhammadgilangnursyahroni8631
      @muhammadgilangnursyahroni8631 3 года назад +13

      @@valluvanadcons5693 if they can, we can be bigger too?

    • @Russo-Delenda-Est
      @Russo-Delenda-Est 3 года назад +10

      If ants were that big I would ride one like a horse. And it would be majestic. 🤺🐜

    • @CoreDreamStudios
      @CoreDreamStudios 3 года назад +4

      @@Russo-Delenda-Est Like the ant in Honey I Shunk The Kids. :-)

  • @WarpedPerception
    @WarpedPerception 3 года назад +91

    I actually have no idea what the first 5 words you said were.

    • @19trwind82
      @19trwind82 3 года назад +10

      ??? Thrones star Hafþór the Mountain Björnsson recently broke the dead lift world record, etc. I personally hear 'Dear Thrones', but that sounds a bit weird to me.

    • @lucaskitamura614
      @lucaskitamura614 3 года назад +8

      @@19trwind82 Game of Thrones! Guy was actor in the series

    • @19trwind82
      @19trwind82 3 года назад +2

      @@lucaskitamura614 Funny, now I do hear Game of Thrones. I did think before that I could be that, but I just couldn't hear it! That was on my big speakers, now on my phone.

    • @DokterKaj
      @DokterKaj 3 года назад +7

      allow me to introduce: subtitles

    • @dilksjoel
      @dilksjoel 3 года назад

      Gamer throws star have your

  • @LETSROCKTA
    @LETSROCKTA Год назад +66

    Thing to note: it is not merely a problem of skeleton vs exoskeleton. Insects and smaller/lighter animals can lift so much more than their weight/ jump higher than their height because of how gravity works.
    The heavier the mass of an object the more it is « pulled » by gravity.
    If we were the same size as ants chances are we’d be able pull objects just the way they do.

    • @binguser344
      @binguser344 Год назад +23

      Exactly I hate it when education channels scale up small animals abilities without accounting for gravity

    • @LecherousLizard
      @LecherousLizard Год назад +23

      That's not how gravity works. Gravity is a characteristic of space and works on everything evenly.
      The higher the mass, the higher the energy needed to move it, therefore you need that much more energy to stop something from moving. And this plays into a completely different mechanic: drag.
      Drag is the force a medium _(like air)_ exerts against a moving object. Drag depends on the shape of an object, its mass, speed and the density of a medium.
      Most insects like ants or beetles are mostly spherical and a sphere creates quite a lot of drag _(sphere has a coefficient of ~0.5 compared to a coefficient of ~0.02 for a tear-like object, think of a wing but top-down symmetric, or ~2.0 for a thin, flat object like a feather),_ so just their shape gives them a lot of drag and then comes their miniscule mass.
      This leads to an ant's terminal velocity, i.e. the maximum free-falling speed an object can have, of only ~6.5 km/h. For a human that's about the speed of a slow jog or a power walk.
      For comparison a human in a "free fall" position has terminal velocity of ~200 km/h.
      And no, we wouldn't be able to lift objects as heavy as ants or other insects, if we were their size. Endo- and exoskeletons perform vastly different depending on the scale. Not to mention chitin "bones" are usually much more flexible than calcium-based ones, so you would be able to lift heavier objects without worrying your bones would break just based on this fact alone.

    • @simplyperspicacity
      @simplyperspicacity Год назад +2

      What 😂😂😂 I don't think you understand have gravity works

    • @extraterrestrial7424
      @extraterrestrial7424 8 месяцев назад +1

      The heavier the object is, the more it is pulled by gravity - well, that's exactly why it is heavier. Bigger mass = more pulled by gravity = heavier. And this relation is linear. More mass = more weight, on a linear scale. So if we were the mass of ants, we would still be able to lift the same percentage of our own weight. Gravity has nothing to do with this.

  • @J0nny_Ch1mp0
    @J0nny_Ch1mp0 Год назад

    Serious question: if we were able to have an iron man style exoskeleton in the future, would it cause our internal bones to become weak/deteriorate?

  • @lunaamor2090
    @lunaamor2090 3 года назад +54

    Him: Hey, smart people!
    Me: He thinks I’m smart😭

    • @xlnmq7132
      @xlnmq7132 3 года назад +1

      yep but ngl but division is my enemy lol but i am still doing it

  • @youngmagic8343
    @youngmagic8343 3 года назад +185

    The fact that this channel legitimately acknowledges Thors 501kg deadlift must hurt a lot of butts out there 😂😂

    • @troliskimosko
      @troliskimosko 3 года назад +2

      benedict magnusson fans are fuming

    • @thanasis-_-
      @thanasis-_- 2 года назад +14

      It is a real lift but it shouldn't be official

    • @hittingyouoverthehead
      @hittingyouoverthehead 2 года назад +1

      Why exactly?

    • @JorgenKreedz
      @JorgenKreedz 2 года назад +28

      @@thanasis-_- Yeah I can show you 502kg in my own gym where literally no one can verify it's legality.

    • @djroscurro9859
      @djroscurro9859 2 года назад +2

      @@thanasis-_- I’m a little confused

  • @malandan
    @malandan 2 года назад

    this is a great channel for young people wanting to know whats around them

  • @kitsunespirit8952
    @kitsunespirit8952 Год назад

    What if there was an extra compromise where they had inner skeletons and partial exoskeletons on vitals and such would be pretty damn cool

  • @EduardoMartinez-fk2pv
    @EduardoMartinez-fk2pv 3 года назад +273

    Joe: we have our skeletons on the inside
    Bikers: hold my helmet

    • @mcshifter4138
      @mcshifter4138 3 года назад +5

      Say less 🚫🧢🚴‍♂️

    • @starstencahl8985
      @starstencahl8985 3 года назад +7

      Tbf we also have our skeletons on the inside, we just have our “pls don’t squish” protection on the outside

    • @SurajSinghTomarArya
      @SurajSinghTomarArya 3 года назад

      Hold my skull

    • @NickariusSN
      @NickariusSN 2 года назад +6

      Medieval wealthy knights: Amateur

    • @juanausensi499
      @juanausensi499 2 года назад +1

      I seriously thought your joke was about bikers and relentless drivers

  • @Leftatalbuquerque
    @Leftatalbuquerque Год назад

    Here's an idea for a bones show: why did/do so many mammals have horns and antlers, and why/how are cattle now being bred to not have any?

  • @matthewdrerup1853
    @matthewdrerup1853 2 года назад

    i didn't know you guys used songs with blues smoke detectors, that is awesome!

  • @sly3575
    @sly3575 3 года назад +71

    I'd be curious To know why arthropods never developed larger brains like vertebrates did. Maybe a future show?

    • @katastrofygames
      @katastrofygames 3 года назад +32

      They say smarter brains developed because of diet. Maybe because of vertebrates increase mobility it allowed access do different foods/minerals/vitamins that aided in brain development. 2 ocean dwelling creatures the Dolphin (vertebrate) versus something like a crab (invertebrate). Because of how slow a crab is it can’t really chase a fish, so it instead eats sea floor garbage. But a Dolphin can be fast and catch more nutritious food. Just my thought process tho.

    • @HIKOL_Nightcore
      @HIKOL_Nightcore 3 года назад +6

      They lived before dinosaurs and are still alive, maybe they will outlive us. Trading brains for survival.

    • @timk8869
      @timk8869 3 года назад +9

      In my opinion its the size issue again, for a bigger brain u need more space and to get that space without being called bighead u need to grow, but their breathing system is less efficient, so they dont grow to that sizes and so their brain also doesnt grow.
      Its 6am(havent slept), so forgive if wat i am saying sounds like nonsense

    • @masummazumder3594
      @masummazumder3594 3 года назад

      Yu

  • @57ashdot
    @57ashdot 3 года назад +29

    imagine going back in time and a 4ft long spider rolls up on you...*shudders*

    • @Machielovic
      @Machielovic 3 года назад +5

      i'd rather not imagine that if you don't mind ;)

  • @demian_csomic_winters9484
    @demian_csomic_winters9484 2 месяца назад

    I have a question, about a creature having both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton, could this bring a benefit that either side can't do alone, like if humans had Exo armor like iron man but naturally.
    Could have an endoskeleton allow one to more easily protect these when they shed their exoskeleton till the next one grows,
    could the endoskeleton allow muscles to grow big enough to decently move exoskeleton human size.
    exoskeletons allow humans to survive better against attacks even from some firearms?
    Would exoskeleton be perfect for cybernetics enhancement by using natural forming exoskeleton as scaffolding for technology and more?

  • @armyzbr
    @armyzbr 3 месяца назад

    I regret using way too many points in agility, i could really go for some fortitude right now

  • @GoEvenHarder
    @GoEvenHarder 3 года назад +329

    Now I'm imagining a world full of skeletons where the whiter and cleaner bones the more beautiful you are. lol

    • @vidblogger12
      @vidblogger12 3 года назад +111

      They're referred to as "teeth."

    • @shaqatakks2499
      @shaqatakks2499 3 года назад +8

      Hilfigertout Yh but there only rly ugly if there very yellow or black also he’s talking about full skeletons not just teeth

    • @ayushsharma8804
      @ayushsharma8804 3 года назад +57

      This can be taken out of context so easily and in so many cursed ways.

    • @icantbelieveyouvedonethis1813
      @icantbelieveyouvedonethis1813 3 года назад +4

      @@vidblogger12 teeth are NOT bones

    • @AwesomeYena
      @AwesomeYena 3 года назад +12

      @@icantbelieveyouvedonethis1813 Then what are they

  • @shivavarma7937
    @shivavarma7937 3 года назад +33

    You gave so much information within 8 minutes without making the audience bored for a second. This is really awesome!

  • @IIIAnchani
    @IIIAnchani Год назад

    Johnny Knoxsville really started making good content! Thanks!

  • @noahanders7605
    @noahanders7605 Год назад +1

    What if an species have both exo and skeleton would they be stronger or maybe life would be harder for this species, and is it possible to have both of em?

  • @-ANDY.
    @-ANDY. 3 года назад +42

    So "I" have an exoskeleton but my body hasn't.

    • @MrExcessum
      @MrExcessum 3 года назад +2

      Yeah, my thoughts exactly, our internal organs and our brain have exoskeletons, while our limbs dont...

    • @xanhfei
      @xanhfei 2 года назад

      So its internal exoskeleton?

  • @steve25782
    @steve25782 3 года назад +127

    Small things benefit from the square-cube law: We could lift much more relative to our weight if we were scaled down to bug size. Muscle strength is proportional to the muscle's cross-sectional area, a square, while weight is proportional to volume, a cube. So scaling every dimension down by a factor of 2 makes the strength a quarter as much, but the weight an eighth as much, so the power-to-weight ratio doubles. This is why gymnasts tend to be small people and why little kids seem so energetic. :-)

    • @philiproler5572
      @philiproler5572 3 года назад +22

      Finally someone whos not all like "wow ants strong woooww".
      Was informative thanks alot

    • @NeostormXLMAX
      @NeostormXLMAX 3 года назад +2

      Stephen Brackin ya its really simple math, and honestly i dont think exoskeletons would have mattered, even if we didnt have them if we were small we could still be strong many times our weight

    • @slendydie1267
      @slendydie1267 3 года назад +26

      ants aren't impressive... i can lift bread crumbs too

    • @kashutosh9132
      @kashutosh9132 3 года назад +3

      @@slendydie1267 lol

    • @jooot_6850
      @jooot_6850 2 года назад +8

      @@slendydie1267 dude i can lift the WHOLE LOAF. id like to see an ant do that

  • @TheAncientOneVI
    @TheAncientOneVI 2 месяца назад +1

    I got a yoga ad before watching this. How hilarious

  • @kikko74
    @kikko74 Год назад

    We have both. Have you thought about the skull and ribcage?

  • @outofcontext42
    @outofcontext42 3 года назад +51

    No one:
    Me: imagining what humans would look like if they had exoskeletons...

    • @whatislife1337
      @whatislife1337 3 года назад +3

      Imagine a fat skeleton
      That's it

    • @kk2square
      @kk2square 3 года назад +2

      Armor titan?

    • @ohcaptainmycaptain3478
      @ohcaptainmycaptain3478 3 года назад +2

      I imagine something similar to medieval plate armor. Able to maintain similar range of motion that we already have.

    • @HIKOL_Nightcore
      @HIKOL_Nightcore 3 года назад +1

      We've invented our own exoskeletons(armor), much better than the natural ones.

  • @Roberto-REME
    @Roberto-REME 3 года назад +18

    Excellent video and, as always, superbly narrated Joe. You always present thought provoking and intriguing topics. Well done.

  • @ausejoski
    @ausejoski Год назад

    Very informative..

  • @FuerstBerg
    @FuerstBerg Год назад

    Some theories say, we have bones to store minerals since we were fish. And if we cannot get those minerals, our body takes them from our bones. Stability and muscle attachment came later.