37C3 - How Many Planets in Our Solar System? Glad You Asked!
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 10 фев 2024
- media.ccc.de/v/37c3-11734-how...
How Astronomy Knew 6 Planets, Then Found 20 More, Then Went Back To 8 (For Now)
The Solar System has had 8 planets ever since Pluto was excluded in 2006. This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move. But did you know Neptune was discovered as the 12th planet? Or that, 80 years before Star Trek, astronomers seriously suspected a planet called Vulcan near the Sun? This talk will take you through centuries of struggling with the question: Do you even planet?!
In antiquity, scientists counted the 7 classical planets: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn - but their model of the universe was wrong. Two thousand years later, a new model was introduced. It was less wrong, and it brought the number of planets down to 6: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn. Since then, it's been a roller coaster ride of planet discoveries and dismissals.
In this talk, we stagger through the smoke and mirrors of scientific history. We meet old friends like Uranus and Neptune, forgotten lovers like Ceres, Psyche and Eros, fallen celebrities like Pluto, regicidal interlopers like Eris and Makemake as well as mysterious strangers like Vulcan, Planet X and Planet Nine.
Find out how science has been tricked by its own vanity, been hampered by too little (or too much!) imagination, and how human drama can make a soap opera out of a question as simple as: How Many Planets in Our Solar System?
Michael Büker
events.ccc.de/congress/2023/h...
#37c3 #Science
Excellent presentation. Thanks.
This was much better than I expected, it was great to watch a modern take and some of the arguments that are taking place currently in Astronomy, Great job!
Happy to see planetary science take interest in 37C3 :)
8:24 Copernicus himself held a church office as Domherr and explicitly credits the Cardinal of Capua and the Bishop of Culm as the biggest supporters of him printing his theses. So to say Copernicus was afraid of "the church" as if it was one big entity is a bit silly, especially since his publication didn't really cause any controversy at the time.
00:00 🌌 Our understanding of the solar system has evolved significantly over time, impacting the number and classification of planets.
02:16 🪐 The classical definition of planets as "wanderers" differentiated them from the fixed stars in the sky.
04:21 🌍 Contrary to popular belief, people in antiquity didn't generally think the Earth was flat; this misconception arose much later.
07:38 🌞 The shift to a heliocentric model of the solar system, with the Sun at the center, changed our perception of planets and their number.
10:42 🪐 The discovery of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter challenged the traditional planetary model, adding complexity to our understanding of the solar system.
15:48 🛰 The discovery of Uranus and Neptune expanded the known planets beyond the classical ones, leading to adjustments in our understanding of the solar system's composition.
19:43 🌍 John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier's efforts in predicting the existence of Neptune led to a scramble among nations to discover the planet first, sparking a competition in astronomy.
20:51 📰 The discovery of Neptune led to a press war between Britain and France, with accusations of theft and collaboration.
22:16 🇺🇸 Benjamin Pierce's recognition of precovery in past observations of Neptune highlighted the importance of accurate calculations, despite initial skepticism from European astronomers.
23:28 🔭 The discovery of Neptune and subsequent finding of numerous asteroids led to confusion and overcrowding in the inner solar system.
25:25 🪐 Urbain Le Verrier hypothesized the existence of a planet called Vulcan to explain perturbations in Mercury's orbit, sparking a search for the theoretical planet.
30:03 🛰 Astronomers in the 1950s and 1960s quietly redefined "planets," excluding minor planets like asteroids from the classification.
35:02 🌌 The International Astronomical Union's 2006 decision redefined planets, introducing the concept of dwarf planets and setting criteria for planetary classification.
36:53 📚 Mike Brown's discovery of Sedna and Eris, along with his proposal of Planet Nine, challenged traditional views of the solar system and led to Pluto's reclassification.
37:36 🪐 There have been different concepts of "Planet X" over time, ranging from historical suspicions to crackpot conspiracy theories.
38:33 📐 Extreme TNOs (Trans-Neptunian Objects) have peculiar orbits suggesting the presence of a large planet beyond Neptune, termed "Planet 9."
39:28 📡 Counterarguments to the existence of Planet 9 include the lack of observational evidence and the possibility of selection bias in discovering extreme TNOs.
40:37 🌌 The debate over Planet 9 has stalled, with many astronomers finding arguments for its existence unconvincing.
41:21 🪐 Classifying objects in the solar system can be complex due to the abundance of large and small bodies with various characteristics.
41:50 🌌 The discovery of celestial bodies has led to revisions in the count of planets in our solar system throughout history, influenced by advancements in astronomy.
44:17 🌌 The formation of the asteroid belt and the shapes of celestial bodies like asteroids and comets are subjects of ongoing research, revealing diverse shapes and origins.
50:45 🌌 Differences between our solar system and others, such as the presence of hot Jupiters and super-Earths, are attributed to factors like planetary migration and diverse formation processes.
52:52 🪐 Planetary systems vary widely, with each likely experiencing gravitational interactions and changes over billions of years, contributing to their unique characteristics.
56:55 🌌 The definition of a planet by the International Astronomical Union considers orbit around the Sun, lack of being a moon, and clearing its orbital neighborhood of other bodies, leading to Pluto's reclassification.
57:24 🌌 Objects like Ceres are considered part of the solar system despite being excluded from the planet count due to the asteroid belt.
58:05 🌌 Understanding dark matter is unlikely to significantly impact our understanding of the solar system's dynamics, as its effects are believed to be minimal at such small scales.
59:13 🪐 The naming of celestial bodies often follows guidelines set by the International Astronomical Union, with names typically inspired by mythology or personal connections, such as the case with Salacia.
01:00:08 🪐 The distinction between dwarf planets and asteroids is not rigid, but dwarf planets are generally characterized by being in hydrostatic equilibrium, meaning they are spherical due to their own gravity.
Better invite Jerry Smith.
Really entertaining, thanks.
🤘Im Fahrplan voll an mir vorbeigegangen, als ich mir die Livestreams reingezogen hatte, kann es ein das der live gar nicht übertragen wurde, hatte den Saal Granville gar nicht auf dem Schirm sozusagen.
Da sie Fragen aus dem Internet beantworten wird es wohl auch einen Stream gegeben haben.
10/10 content and 0/10 denglish. Nice!
Planet 9 from outer space.
1:49 I prefer to use Saturday instead of Sunday
Your english is actually the yellow from the egg
I'm still a bit butthurt because of plutos degradation. but I say (in german): zwergkaninchen sind auch kaninchen. wieso soll das bei planeten anders sein (dwarf rabbits are rabbits too, so why is it different for planets).
I think about it from a planetologists point of view. did it manage to get hydrostatic eqilibrium at some point? then it is a dwarf planet. I actually don't care what object it orbits, can be a planet, can be the sun. but with hydrostatic equilibrium, some geological processes get kickstarted, making objects interesting.
this of course pushes the amount of planets we have into the hundreds, but so what. our own moon would be a planet again.
I'm also okay with the term dwarf planet, just I am okay with the term gas planet.
of course, the new can of worms is, that the detection of hydrostatic equilibrium is difficult. I'd say, we have a certain idea when it starts, ceres yes, vesta yes, smaller probably not.
Have you looked at Vesta? Doesn't look like hydrostatic equilibrium to me. Close maybe, but not quite.
1st :3
Ja ja, dass es "nur" der Vater ist nervt ihn, aber in der Version mit den Nachos ist es auch nur die Mutter... Wie wünsche ich mir doch die 90er zurück.