when you throw the cooked limestone into the water, the reason it crumbles completely is because its reacting with the water -- cooked limestone forms something traditionally called quicklime, which reacts with water to generate significant heat and something called slaked lime, which can be used to make cement and i thiiink is the basis for most mortar? not as familiar with modern cements.
more formally, the calcium oxide reacts with the water to form calcium hydroxide. Which is a different chemical! -- not a hydrate as it might be mistaken for.
Lime is also a precursor to acetylene! They cook it alongside coke (a purified coal) at very high temperatures to make Calcium carbide and drop that in water to make Acetylene welding gas. (It also makes calcium hydroxide!) Limestone is a very useful little rock.
actually the 'quicklime' IS cement, and it gets added to water, sand, and gravel to make concrete cement is an ingredient in concrete, not the actual end product, oddly enough
@@nata5212Calcium carbide can also be used to artificially ripen fruits (but it's probably not a good idea, read below), as the acetylene gas released has a similar effect to ethylene, a natural plant hormone. However, in practice calcium carbide can contain traces of arsenic and phosphorus, leading to contamination and health risks. Hence, this practice is usually considered dubious. Acetylene: ethyne ( HC≡CH ) Ethylene: ethene ( H₂C=CH₂ )
It amuses me that heating the limestone produced a color change that looks a lot like stone being smoothed, even though the rock's other properties didn't match at all.
The reason you have Coors ceramics is that during Prohibition, the company pivoted to make ceramics and other non-alcohol products. The factory is still in Golden Colorado!
the recipe for the smooth stone block is still quite recent in Minecraft, before, when only had smooth stone slabs, which was crafted with regular stone, so the smooth look was more a crafting result than a heating process
The recipe for smooth stone is still somewhat based off of the conversion from cobblestone to stone though, which has been in the game since beta or alpha.
It was probably also a bit if a "language result" as well. To differentiate stone from cobblestone and stone blocks, people used to say "Smooth Stone" to specifically mean the natural Stone block. To make smooth Stone, you smelted Cobblestone, since Cobblestone is rough and Stone is smooth. Mojang to make the new Smooth Stone block just adapted this community interpretation. To make Smooth Stone, you smelt -smooth- Stone. Same process as before _kinda._
0:58 I think this graph is slightly misleading because it seems to imply that clay can't be fired using wood as fuel, but it has been for millennia. From my limited knowledge, clay can be fired at a pretty wide range of temperatures, which determines the properties of the ceramic, and wood-fired kilns can also reach temperatures above 1000°C.
True, there is a lot that goes into kilns and furnaces and maximizing temp. I decided not to really get into that as it wasn’t the point of the video but the fire numbers came from just some wood burning without a designed furnace around it or anything.
@@gneissname Makes sense. Granite is an igneous rock formed from lava, it can take an incredibly long time for it to cool down. Its melting point is 2300°C, and it conducts heat rather well. Just dont subject it to a deep freeze.
@@NightLexic granite melts at much lower temperatures than 2300 C, especially if it contains some volatiles. I’m not sure where you got that number from but most igneous rocks can (re)melt anywhere between ~700 C (wet) and ~1400-1500 C (dry)
one thing of note that i found interesting and was also covered by an old episode of game theory; was the fact that the furnace is also made out of cobblestone. at high enough temperatures to melt glass wouldn't the furnace just melt as well?
Yeah, and even if you were to say that sand in Minecraft has a lower melting point than cobblestone, the furnace can also melt cobblestone itself into stone.
yeah, there are a lot of these issues with minecraft. You just have to pick and choose what to consider gameplay magic in world magic or just things that are wrong.
The inside of it would, yes, but this isn't entirely unrealistic either. Depending on design and use, kilns may be damaged in the process of their use.
2:20 The surface being cracked actually makes creating cracked stone bricks and cracked netherbrick make sense. I always found that crafting recipe annoying/confusing but now it all makes sense lol
@@grqfes I mean the creative menu is not a way to know that? almost every brick has a cracked variant, sadly I think they forgot to add the red nether brick or resine one though
0:43 I am pretty sure drying a whole cubic meter of sponge that's filled with dozens of cubic meters of water requires _way_ higher temperatures than 38 °C
@@gneissname a sponge can absorb way more than a cubic metre of water, probably at least 30 or 40 (although of course none of this game's liquid physics makes sense)
6:16 Actually, smooth stone as a craftable block was added at the same time as stonecutters, in 1.14, Village & Pillage. They were made necessary to craft blast furnaces. Before stonecutters, (smooth) stone slabs were just crafted from stone in a crafting table.
Which absolutely makes sense, because other than fully melting and moulding it, the most common way to make something like granite, basalt, or limestone smooth is to cut and polish it.
@@CrystalFier Yes but the problem was that 2x2 recipe was already reserved for crafting stone bricks instead of smooth stone, so they just couldn't use it
Man, it somehow never occurred to me that cutting rocks into cubes was something that I could do... I only ever do billets (for actual science) or hex prisms (for gifting and the like if I'm feeling fancy)... I know what my weekend plans are now!
@@gneissname That's such a good idea! I've definitely got some of the plutonic and volcanic rocks around, I wonder if I couldn't track down some of the ones that are a little less common in my area...
This was really, really interesting! I took a geology class, but combining something I know (Minecraft) and experimenting in real life is honestly the perfect teaching tool for me. Would love to see more experiments like this!
it makes sense since the furnaces can produce smooth and shiny iron ingots, so its melting the rock and then flowing it into a cast. a cube shaped cast thats perfectly smooth and that it easily pops out of
a cube shaped cast that's perfectly smooth, easily separated, and also larger than the 1m per side that contains that casting...or the furnace it's within.
It's been over a decade since my experimental archaeology class, but I remember in flintknapping that you can throw chert into a campfire to get a smoother finished product. Still a far throw from the vitrification implied by minecraft. Though I just found in looking it up that vitrifying stone is a method of building castles without cement.
A lot of this question hinges on the composition of the rock and the temperature of your furnace. A very efficient furnace burning anthracite coal can reach around 2000°C, unless you made it into coal coke beforehand. But practical temperatures achieved in historical coal furnaces are around 1500°C. Your limestone just turned into lime, which reacts with water as you saw. But at that temperature, most silicate minerals would melt. If you had a rough stone block, then heated it in a ceramic or graphite crucible to those temperatures, it would reform into a smooth stone. In my opinion, the smooth stone just means it has a smaller grain size, which makes sense if you are melting and rapidly cooling a rock.
In a few places, you mention that the iron in the samples has oxidized, thus making them red. Does this represent a mass gain (since oxygen atoms are leaving the air to join the rock)? How do we account for that? Doesn't that distort our measurement of water, organics, and carbonates? My favorite demo of oxidation causing a mass gain is that you can burn steel wool, and when you do, it comes out heavier, which feels counterintuitive since most things we can burn have gaseous products and represent a mass loss. Could be a relevant demo for some future video.
Thank you for this information, I will now use it to make my minecraft experience more immersive and less convenient like a little realism loving goblin
Great video! I loved how you used little cubes for some of the testing. Its still really cool that you use all the equipment from your workplace! (Also the visuals and graphs are amazing as usual)
irl, I use a flat lap machine to make smooth stone. In Minecraft, it would probably be a redstone powered record player with a special set of diamond discs. I also have two stonecutters that use diamonds.
If I ever make a game, this guy is going to be my go-to for making my game-mechanics. EDIT: People aren't understanding this at all. Adding realism is not just about being realistic for the sake of it, it would be a genuinely fun and engaging way to interact with a game. And implementation is a matter of _how_ - Not "realism = unfun"
@@SnowChickenFlake A game where you can learn about geology, chemistry and the atomic makeup of minerals and materials while being able to combine them to create things sounds fun asf to me xD
@@johnwest6690 Would it be fun in the Long term, though? or would it be one of those "Woah, so Fun" games, only for the feeling to last 2 hours, (and since there is no progression) never to be touched again.
This is actually what they used to glue old castles and houses together. They cooked limestone in big very hot furnaces to cook of the co2, then dunked the resulting powdery rocks into water, to create a paste. As this paste dries between giant stone slabs or bricks, it releases its water content, and absorbs co2, and gets converted back to limestone. Thus you have glued two stone slabs or bricks together with solid limestone
I imagine that the "smoothing" process is heating the material to almost melting, but this doesn't work for limestone. Oh, thats the glaze thing you talked about.
6:15 Smooth stone is pretty new. Much earlier, we had cobblestone -> stone (i.e. melting rocks together into one big rock), and smooth stone feels like a projection of that idea.
Really wish Mojang had gone with the -ite route, but they already had that recipe used for the stone bricks. It's more polished than smooth. They introduced the smooth stone recipe in the same update as the blast furnace and smokers, but at least a couple weeks before then.
0:31 uhhh you roasting your chickens at 246°C mate? You trying to get the burnt skin/salmonella filling double combo? I’ve never set my oven above 170°C for roasting chicken.
those rock cubes look tasty... anyways, this was really interesting! minecraft's furnace sure is an oddity, i wonder what other interesting things there are to say about heat in minecraft...
I remember I loved the day this block was added. Previously this texture was available by making stone slabs out of regular stone, before smooth stone was added to replace the recipe Stone smelted from cobblestone was colloquially known as smoothstone, there was no difference between them, we called stone "smoothstone" pretty interchangeably, most usually if we smelted it from cobblestone and had bulk stored up for building with, and this regular stone would make smooth stone slabs In modern Minecraft we now have both, stone blocks and stone slabs, along with smoothstone and smoothstone slabs Before smoothstone blocks were added, the full texture version of the block was unavailable in normal gameplay, smoothstone slabs always had that half-chunk cutoff line, HOWEVER the full smooth variant was accessible in creative mode by modifying the data value (and thus the material) This method was also how we got petrified wood slabs (oak planks used to be the only wood slab, and all slabs were coded to be stone-type) and also how we get smooth sandstone (yes, smooth sandstone was added in the same update as smoothstone, because more slab types were added and they removed the deprecated slab types) So, the addition was less about realism, instead to provide more blocks and recipes obtainable in survival mode Though I really like seeing people talk about and study the game in its current finished state, I just thought you'd find that interesting, a lot of Minecraft's features feel like "what came first, the chicken or the egg?" lol
Interesting video! The only thing I think was missing is zoomed shots of things _before_ they were put into a furnace. The soil "before" is barely visible for a couple of seconds, and at the end I didn't even know what you were comparing the "rusty orange color" to. And "before" and "after" comparison edit would be nice! Besides that - really insightful, thanks for sharing this! :D
such a simple yet enlightening video, i literally just found out why bricks are orange, these are the kinds of questions i have but quickly forget so never bother to research
smelting iron in a bloomery would require temperatures much like you depicted, but using a blast furnace (and pretty much all other modern iron smelting methods that exist) create temperatures just as high as the production temperatures for making glass. this can be confirmed by the nearly identical process (side process in iron smelting) that occurs in both instances, namely: silica/silicates react with basic metal oxides CaO or CaO & Na2O at high temperature, for iron smelting and glass making respectively. it requires very high temperatures if you not only melt but make a low viscosity puddle of silicate slag at the bottom of your blast furnace.
I really live how you structure these videos. Ill be honest, i dont really care for geology that much, but you present it so well that you make me care haha. I think good knowledge communication like this is essential in a learning environment, and i think it would be interesting if actual lessons in schools were taught like this, taking cues from "content creators" (if youll let ne call you that)
Did I just find a channel which uses a game that I haven't played in a while to convey cool messages about the world that I otherwise would never learn? Great!!!
Finally! A question I always wanted to see discussed on your channel! Okay, now serious. You discussed some very interesting topics in this video and I loved it. Also, I wasn't joking, I was actually interested.
Perhaps "Stone" and "Dripstone" could represent different specific material compositions _(thus the differing appearance and behavior)_ which could both be technically classified as limestone?
4:10 Hey wait, doesn't iron get heavier when it oxidizes? How does this factor into the carbonate calculations? On a similar note, are there any other heat-sensitive reactions that geologists look at besides carbonate decomposition?
You got me. I actually cut out a section talking about that. Often times igneous rocks will have more iron that carbonate and they will have a negative loss on ignition because of the gained oxygen. And yes there are more reactions that can be important. Normally these are done on a set of samples along with other elemental analyses and together all of the data can help tease out some information.
I've personally forged stuff from steel/iron, and sometimes have placed a pebble or rock in. Yeah most of the time it just cracks or absorbs slag (Which can be from whatever). Though one way you could make building rocks, is to smelt iron actually, which leaves you with 'dross' slag rocks. It's been used to make dross bricks with a glossy finish, well at least I can recall few buildings made out of them in an industrial town on Finland in the 1700-1800s, where there was a foundry, which is coincidentally owned by 'Fiskars'. There's some other places with those as well, said that they are rather tough.
Theres a fun part about smooth stone by the way: Before its introduction as a recipe material in 1.14 - Minecraft had stone slabs' recipe being made out of regular stone (since there was no regular stone slabs), but Mojang decided to add it only because of recipe conflicts... Instead of just making it into a stone cutter recipe... So the old recipe method is more logical than what Mojang did, lol.
A others have said, smooth stone wasn't always obtained through the furnace. The full smooth stone block used to be only obtainable through commands, and you could make the slabs through simply crafting (regular stone slabs didn't exist). I think the reason that the furnace was chosen wasn't just because the furnace was all there was, but was also in an attempt to give more functionality to the furnace for balancing reasons.
All the geological inaccuracies in the game makes me want to make a game that is either A:accurate to geology, or B:inaccurate to geology but consistently.
I was thinking you could treat cobblestone as a sediment and put a pile of small stones in the furnace in an attempt to fuse them, but you'd probably just end up with a finer pile of small stones
Minecraft certainly does have a few oddities, especially this stuff that's been in the game the longest. On the concept of why cooking stone turns it into smooth stone, I'm surprised you didn't mention that cooking cobblestone turns it into stone. So stone into smooth stone is only the final step of "smoothing out" cobblestone. Not that smoothing cobblestone is realistic either, but that's definitely a huge component as to why you get smooth stone by cooking stone. Assuming that cobblestone to stone is "melt this rock until it's smooth", stone to smooth stone is just what happens when you leave the cobblestone in for twice as long.
5:57 You made Lime or Cal Mexicana which is used to make masa dough out of corn. It's also used to make whitewash and other building and finishing materials like concrete.
I always thought of cobblestone in minecraft as a bunch of loose rocks, not an actual block. And a block is a measure of how much rocks you have. So "smoothing" the stone is kinda like melting individual rocks into lava (or whatever they melt into) and letting them solidify again as a single block.
The smooth stone used to not exist not so long ago. We had stone slabs which actually looked like smooth stone slabs, which were just made in crafting table.
You actually *_can_* do this in real life, its called *glazing/firing.* although you would have to do it in an unconventional way. You would have to take a rock without moisture, and heat the surface extremely quickly to slightly melt the surface, causing it to vitrify and become smooth, like glass. remember that glass starts out as rough powder (sand). if you extrapolate out from that, then you should be able to take some quartz sandstone or quartzite (or maybe even regular sandstone) and melt the surface to smooth out the rough surface. and sand comes from rock, so really any rock that wont shatter or explode upon heating can be made smooth this way.
You know, after seeing stone come out a dropper, which eliminates having to open a menu to grab items, it really makes me wish there was some way to make a dispenser swap between dropping a singular item and dropping a whole stack. Aaaand I just realized they could just do this with a dropper, which only has the distinct functionality of dropping any item type, including filled buckets, as opposed to placing fluids. So instead of making a redstone clock system we could just have droppers drop an entire item stack through observer activation.
An old school wood kitchen can get higher temps than it seems inside with just one or two hours of "full power". I hardened a crappy knife blade on my dad's kitchen using olive oil (had nothing else on hand) and the results were awesome! I didn't expect it to work and i had a problem: since it did i didn't have a way to sharpen it anymore 😂
Indeed the limestone turned to quicklime (very fragile, basically calcium oxide as you said) and then decomposed into slaked lime, aka calcium hydroxide. That's how traditional mortar is made, as once you leave it in air, it dries and absorbs co2, turning back into limestone
Do you know why captions aren't on this video? I couldn't understand what you said at the very begining: "This gives me an excuse to talk about ____." (Loss on ignition? You say it more clearly later in the video, so I think I got it now.)
What the game calls just "stone" used to be called "smooth stone" before the current smooth stone was added to the game. Since you could make it by cooking cobble stone, I always figured it was supposed to be heating up the stone to the point that it became molten and fused together.
I always assumed in Minecraft you were melting the stone and pouring it into a cube-shaped mold. Clearly the furnace can vary in temperature, so it should be able to get hot enough to melt rock. That’s why cobblestone melts together into a uniform cube of stone. This would make metal smooth, so why not stone?
![Seungmin "그렇게, 천천히, 우리(As we are)" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/kAzmhLHePqU/mqdefault.jpg)
I love the way you use Minecraft to introduce these lessons and the fact that everyrhing you put into the furnace was also a cube
And the furnace was a cube too
@@parchmentpaper-t7c I can't believe they made the furnace from minecraft in real life! crazy
Oh wow that's a lotta likes
when you throw the cooked limestone into the water, the reason it crumbles completely is because its reacting with the water -- cooked limestone forms something traditionally called quicklime, which reacts with water to generate significant heat and something called slaked lime, which can be used to make cement and i thiiink is the basis for most mortar? not as familiar with modern cements.
more formally, the calcium oxide reacts with the water to form calcium hydroxide. Which is a different chemical! -- not a hydrate as it might be mistaken for.
Thanks for the answer!
Lime is also a precursor to acetylene! They cook it alongside coke (a purified coal) at very high temperatures to make Calcium carbide and drop that in water to make Acetylene welding gas. (It also makes calcium hydroxide!)
Limestone is a very useful little rock.
actually the 'quicklime' IS cement, and it gets added to water, sand, and gravel to make concrete
cement is an ingredient in concrete, not the actual end product, oddly enough
@@nata5212Calcium carbide can also be used to artificially ripen fruits (but it's probably not a good idea, read below), as the acetylene gas released has a similar effect to ethylene, a natural plant hormone.
However, in practice calcium carbide can contain traces of arsenic and phosphorus, leading to contamination and health risks. Hence, this practice is usually considered dubious.
Acetylene: ethyne ( HC≡CH )
Ethylene: ethene ( H₂C=CH₂ )
That granite just looked like it was seething mad cartoon style
granite is a massively durable rock.
@@crusher9z9And it gets really angry when it's hot and in water
It amuses me that heating the limestone produced a color change that looks a lot like stone being smoothed, even though the rock's other properties didn't match at all.
I mean it did crack! Thats what happens to stone bricks in the furnace
The reason you have Coors ceramics is that during Prohibition, the company pivoted to make ceramics and other non-alcohol products. The factory is still in Golden Colorado!
what a funny way to accidentally docks yourself
Sounds like maybe a metallurgical engineer going to Colorado Mines?
@@E2wqpXcGGnLtJHbVXDhS3 How did they "doxx themself?"
I can tell you where a lot of things are, doesn't mean I live remotely close to them.
@@tardisman602 wrong on both counts
@@E2wqpXcGGnLtJHbVXDhS3 you’re an idiot😊
the recipe for the smooth stone block is still quite recent in Minecraft, before, when only had smooth stone slabs, which was crafted with regular stone, so the smooth look was more a crafting result than a heating process
The recipe for smooth stone is still somewhat based off of the conversion from cobblestone to stone though, which has been in the game since beta or alpha.
@@the10ofdiamondscard i agree, so we need to test how long would it take to make a smooth block out of a "cobblestone" irl and what temperature
It was probably also a bit if a "language result" as well.
To differentiate stone from cobblestone and stone blocks, people used to say "Smooth Stone" to specifically mean the natural Stone block.
To make smooth Stone, you smelted Cobblestone, since Cobblestone is rough and Stone is smooth.
Mojang to make the new Smooth Stone block just adapted this community interpretation. To make Smooth Stone, you smelt -smooth- Stone. Same process as before _kinda._
I don't know if I would call 5 years "quite recent", that's like 3rd of the games existence.
@@baph0met Everything after 1.12 is recent, don't take this away from me.
0:58 I think this graph is slightly misleading because it seems to imply that clay can't be fired using wood as fuel, but it has been for millennia. From my limited knowledge, clay can be fired at a pretty wide range of temperatures, which determines the properties of the ceramic, and wood-fired kilns can also reach temperatures above 1000°C.
True, there is a lot that goes into kilns and furnaces and maximizing temp. I decided not to really get into that as it wasn’t the point of the video but the fire numbers came from just some wood burning without a designed furnace around it or anything.
The graph also made it look like you can't cook food with wood because it's too hot
@@VanK782Well that is correct in the sense that you can't put food directly into a fire (for long anyway)
@@Sylvarus As many countless marshmallows and hot dogs can verify... Who hasn't had something slip off the stick while cooking over a campfire
@@VanK782 I wouldn't recommend throwing your to-be meal into a wood fire
I love when you take them out and they’re glowing
It was interesting to see how quickly they cooled off. The sandstone cooled quickly but the granite was orange for quite a long time.
@@gneissname Makes sense. Granite is an igneous rock formed from lava, it can take an incredibly long time for it to cool down. Its melting point is 2300°C, and it conducts heat rather well. Just dont subject it to a deep freeze.
@@NightLexic granite melts at much lower temperatures than 2300 C, especially if it contains some volatiles. I’m not sure where you got that number from but most igneous rocks can (re)melt anywhere between ~700 C (wet) and ~1400-1500 C (dry)
can a furnace make my brain smooth?
one way to find out
It alr is
Always has been. 🔫👨🚀
Watching this vid would for sure un-smooth one's brain
Unfortunately furnaces do not obey gravity, but I have an anvil here that'd make more than just your brain flat!
one thing of note that i found interesting and was also covered by an old episode of game theory; was the fact that the furnace is also made out of cobblestone.
at high enough temperatures to melt glass wouldn't the furnace just melt as well?
Yeah, and even if you were to say that sand in Minecraft has a lower melting point than cobblestone, the furnace can also melt cobblestone itself into stone.
yeah, there are a lot of these issues with minecraft. You just have to pick and choose what to consider gameplay magic in world magic or just things that are wrong.
@@prismarinestars7471 Well, it doesn't melt the cobblestone, only smoothes it, so the insides of a furnace could just be smooth too
The inside of it would, yes, but this isn't entirely unrealistic either. Depending on design and use, kilns may be damaged in the process of their use.
@@rizizumit is, the bottom of the furnace is smooth stone
can we do this in real life?
no
**rolls credits**
2:20 The surface being cracked actually makes creating cracked stone bricks and cracked netherbrick make sense. I always found that crafting recipe annoying/confusing but now it all makes sense lol
this comment is how i learned that cracked nether bricks exist. ive played so much minecraft since they were added too
@@grqfes I mean the creative menu is not a way to know that? almost every brick has a cracked variant, sadly I think they forgot to add the red nether brick or resine one though
0:43 I am pretty sure drying a whole cubic meter of sponge that's filled with dozens of cubic meters of water requires _way_ higher temperatures than 38 °C
There is some crazy things that happen if you are trying to boil off a cubic meter of water in 12 minutes. The amount of steam alone would be amazing.
@@gneissname a sponge can absorb way more than a cubic metre of water, probably at least 30 or 40 (although of course none of this game's liquid physics makes sense)
@@1e1001 max is 135 blocks
drying isn't as much about temperature as it is about airflow.
They key phrase was “depending on how fast you want it”
6:16 Actually, smooth stone as a craftable block was added at the same time as stonecutters, in 1.14, Village & Pillage. They were made necessary to craft blast furnaces. Before stonecutters, (smooth) stone slabs were just crafted from stone in a crafting table.
Which absolutely makes sense, because other than fully melting and moulding it, the most common way to make something like granite, basalt, or limestone smooth is to cut and polish it.
@@CrystalFier Yes but the problem was that 2x2 recipe was already reserved for crafting stone bricks instead of smooth stone, so they just couldn't use it
that graph is cool as hell. Love your videos.
Man, it somehow never occurred to me that cutting rocks into cubes was something that I could do... I only ever do billets (for actual science) or hex prisms (for gifting and the like if I'm feeling fancy)... I know what my weekend plans are now!
I would love to actually make a set of Minecraft rocks from real rocks.
@@gneissname That's such a good idea! I've definitely got some of the plutonic and volcanic rocks around, I wonder if I couldn't track down some of the ones that are a little less common in my area...
@@gneissname i wonder how many different minecraft blocks can be collected as actual blocks in the real world... 🤔
@@gneissnamegift idea: 1/10th scale minecraft stone block
it's just a 10cm limestone cube
We all learn something. Egyptians had the idea about 4700 years ago.
This was really, really interesting! I took a geology class, but combining something I know (Minecraft) and experimenting in real life is honestly the perfect teaching tool for me. Would love to see more experiments like this!
it makes sense since the furnaces can produce smooth and shiny iron ingots, so its melting the rock and then flowing it into a cast. a cube shaped cast thats perfectly smooth and that it easily pops out of
a cube shaped cast that's perfectly smooth, easily separated, and also larger than the 1m per side that contains that casting...or the furnace it's within.
@@youmukonpaku3168 you can fit 64 blocks inside a furnace so i think it has room for that
It's been over a decade since my experimental archaeology class, but I remember in flintknapping that you can throw chert into a campfire to get a smoother finished product. Still a far throw from the vitrification implied by minecraft. Though I just found in looking it up that vitrifying stone is a method of building castles without cement.
How did you do that twice in a row, I still didn't get sorry if I cause any incinvinience
A lot of this question hinges on the composition of the rock and the temperature of your furnace.
A very efficient furnace burning anthracite coal can reach around 2000°C, unless you made it into coal coke beforehand. But practical temperatures achieved in historical coal furnaces are around 1500°C.
Your limestone just turned into lime, which reacts with water as you saw.
But at that temperature, most silicate minerals would melt. If you had a rough stone block, then heated it in a ceramic or graphite crucible to those temperatures, it would reform into a smooth stone.
In my opinion, the smooth stone just means it has a smaller grain size, which makes sense if you are melting and rapidly cooling a rock.
This is why I want polished granite to be called rhyolite.
i love these videos about rocks a little bit too much. they're like waking up in the morning to watch beakman's world
How did you do that ?
It's neat, maybe it's automatic
In a few places, you mention that the iron in the samples has oxidized, thus making them red. Does this represent a mass gain (since oxygen atoms are leaving the air to join the rock)? How do we account for that? Doesn't that distort our measurement of water, organics, and carbonates?
My favorite demo of oxidation causing a mass gain is that you can burn steel wool, and when you do, it comes out heavier, which feels counterintuitive since most things we can burn have gaseous products and represent a mass loss. Could be a relevant demo for some future video.
Yes, its common for rocks low in carbonate and higher iron to gain mass from loss on ignition.
Thank you for this information, I will now use it to make my minecraft experience more immersive and less convenient like a little realism loving goblin
Since the time it takes to cook meat is the same as smoothing out stone, you should put meat into the 1000+c oven next :)
Great video! I loved how you used little cubes for some of the testing. Its still really cool that you use all the equipment from your workplace!
(Also the visuals and graphs are amazing as usual)
irl, I use a flat lap machine to make smooth stone.
In Minecraft, it would probably be a redstone powered record player with a special set of diamond discs. I also have two stonecutters that use diamonds.
If I ever make a game, this guy is going to be my go-to for making my game-mechanics.
EDIT: People aren't understanding this at all.
Adding realism is not just about being realistic for the sake of it, it would be a genuinely fun and engaging way to interact with a game. And implementation is a matter of _how_ - Not "realism = unfun"
Remember that Realism is hard to implement in a Fun way; It's a Risky design choice
@@SnowChickenFlakeI wish Mojang would realise that
@@SnowChickenFlake Meanwhile Vintage Story, a very realistic game in the genre with super immersive, fun, and engaging mechanics...
@@SnowChickenFlake A game where you can learn about geology, chemistry and the atomic makeup of minerals and materials while being able to combine them to create things sounds fun asf to me xD
@@johnwest6690 Would it be fun in the Long term, though? or would it be one of those "Woah, so Fun" games, only for the feeling to last 2 hours, (and since there is no progression) never to be touched again.
This is actually what they used to glue old castles and houses together. They cooked limestone in big very hot furnaces to cook of the co2, then dunked the resulting powdery rocks into water, to create a paste. As this paste dries between giant stone slabs or bricks, it releases its water content, and absorbs co2, and gets converted back to limestone. Thus you have glued two stone slabs or bricks together with solid limestone
Cool coincidence: one of the crucibles was labelled 173 and the most popular “old” minecraft version is beta 1.7.3
thank god you use Celsius
What do you want want him to use ?
Kelvins ?
@@SalimShahdiOffthey're probably glad it isn't Fahrenheit instead
@@nintySW yeah but he's a scientist
@@SalimShahdiOff Sure, why not.
As long as it isn't Réaumur or Rankine, or heck, Delisle.
I imagine that the "smoothing" process is heating the material to almost melting, but this doesn't work for limestone. Oh, thats the glaze thing you talked about.
kinda like sintering
Omg i'm learning a lot about something that i probabbly never know if was not cause of u. Thanks!
6:15 Smooth stone is pretty new. Much earlier, we had cobblestone -> stone (i.e. melting rocks together into one big rock), and smooth stone feels like a projection of that idea.
5:38 this sound scared my cat
Limestone screaming in pain
Really wish Mojang had gone with the -ite route, but they already had that recipe used for the stone bricks. It's more polished than smooth.
They introduced the smooth stone recipe in the same update as the blast furnace and smokers, but at least a couple weeks before then.
4:36 No one can blame you lol
3:19 I had to go check for myself because this sounds so crazy but it’s true!
0:31 uhhh you roasting your chickens at 246°C mate? You trying to get the burnt skin/salmonella filling double combo? I’ve never set my oven above 170°C for roasting chicken.
The furnace only has 10 seconds to cook the chicken plus the chance of getting hunger from raw chicken is pretty low
Can you do a video related to terrafirmacraft? I think you would really enjoy it
Or Vintage Story, a whole game based on tfc!
one day there will be a tfc video
one day
This is a little unrelated, but on the topic of melting things. But a fun fact is that kilns used to fire ceramic can get hot enough to melt steel.
Holy moly I have to say your presentation is impeccable. I absolutely love the visual feast you present us with to display your statistics. Bravo
those rock cubes look tasty...
anyways, this was really interesting! minecraft's furnace sure is an oddity, i wonder what other interesting things there are to say about heat in minecraft...
I remember I loved the day this block was added. Previously this texture was available by making stone slabs out of regular stone, before smooth stone was added to replace the recipe
Stone smelted from cobblestone was colloquially known as smoothstone, there was no difference between them, we called stone "smoothstone" pretty interchangeably, most usually if we smelted it from cobblestone and had bulk stored up for building with, and this regular stone would make smooth stone slabs
In modern Minecraft we now have both, stone blocks and stone slabs, along with smoothstone and smoothstone slabs
Before smoothstone blocks were added, the full texture version of the block was unavailable in normal gameplay, smoothstone slabs always had that half-chunk cutoff line, HOWEVER the full smooth variant was accessible in creative mode by modifying the data value (and thus the material)
This method was also how we got petrified wood slabs (oak planks used to be the only wood slab, and all slabs were coded to be stone-type) and also how we get smooth sandstone (yes, smooth sandstone was added in the same update as smoothstone, because more slab types were added and they removed the deprecated slab types)
So, the addition was less about realism, instead to provide more blocks and recipes obtainable in survival mode
Though I really like seeing people talk about and study the game in its current finished state, I just thought you'd find that interesting, a lot of Minecraft's features feel like "what came first, the chicken or the egg?" lol
this was a fun one. It would be cool to see more technical resource processing mechanics in Minecraft. But maybe that stuff will just stay in mods.
I hope you're having as much fun making these as I am watching how smoothly you present it all!
Interesting video!
The only thing I think was missing is zoomed shots of things _before_ they were put into a furnace. The soil "before" is barely visible for a couple of seconds, and at the end I didn't even know what you were comparing the "rusty orange color" to. And "before" and "after" comparison edit would be nice!
Besides that - really insightful, thanks for sharing this! :D
This was quite entertaining to watch,a nice combination of chemistry and minecraft.
Wish to see more.
such a simple yet enlightening video, i literally just found out why bricks are orange, these are the kinds of questions i have but quickly forget so never bother to research
I've looked inside something heating to over 3000°C
did u die
@@rubixtheslimeyeah (I was the furnace)
i like learning about rocks through minecraft
smelting iron in a bloomery would require temperatures much like you depicted, but using a blast furnace (and pretty much all other modern iron smelting methods that exist) create temperatures just as high as the production temperatures for making glass. this can be confirmed by the nearly identical process (side process in iron smelting) that occurs in both instances, namely: silica/silicates react with basic metal oxides CaO or CaO & Na2O at high temperature, for iron smelting and glass making respectively. it requires very high temperatures if you not only melt but make a low viscosity puddle of silicate slag at the bottom of your blast furnace.
I really live how you structure these videos. Ill be honest, i dont really care for geology that much, but you present it so well that you make me care haha. I think good knowledge communication like this is essential in a learning environment, and i think it would be interesting if actual lessons in schools were taught like this, taking cues from "content creators" (if youll let ne call you that)
I was kinda hoping you'd have done diorite, too. It's much prettier IRL than it's minecraft reputation gives it credit for
Always next time
2:12 smooth stone *is* lighter in color. This looks as close to it as you could probably get in real life I'd think.
Did I just find a channel which uses a game that I haven't played in a while to convey cool messages about the world that I otherwise would never learn? Great!!!
i love this
I'm not ever going to get bored of Minecraft geology
i consistantly learn something new every time i watch a gneiss video
Finally! A question I always wanted to see discussed on your channel!
Okay, now serious. You discussed some very interesting topics in this video and I loved it. Also, I wasn't joking, I was actually interested.
As someone who has studied concrete, it is REALLY cool to watch a "natural" (albeit, cooked) rock break due to compression failure.
The visualisation of temperatures is really cool
I don't think Minecraft stone is lime stone because that's what drip stone is
Perhaps "Stone" and "Dripstone" could represent different specific material compositions _(thus the differing appearance and behavior)_ which could both be technically classified as limestone?
I think limestone would probably be calcite, Minecraft stone would probably be like gneiss
Smooth Stone = Concrete
4:10 Hey wait, doesn't iron get heavier when it oxidizes? How does this factor into the carbonate calculations? On a similar note, are there any other heat-sensitive reactions that geologists look at besides carbonate decomposition?
You got me. I actually cut out a section talking about that. Often times igneous rocks will have more iron that carbonate and they will have a negative loss on ignition because of the gained oxygen. And yes there are more reactions that can be important. Normally these are done on a set of samples along with other elemental analyses and together all of the data can help tease out some information.
I've personally forged stuff from steel/iron, and sometimes have placed a pebble or rock in. Yeah most of the time it just cracks or absorbs slag (Which can be from whatever). Though one way you could make building rocks, is to smelt iron actually, which leaves you with 'dross' slag rocks. It's been used to make dross bricks with a glossy finish, well at least I can recall few buildings made out of them in an industrial town on Finland in the 1700-1800s, where there was a foundry, which is coincidentally owned by 'Fiskars'. There's some other places with those as well, said that they are rather tough.
Theres a fun part about smooth stone by the way: Before its introduction as a recipe material in 1.14 - Minecraft had stone slabs' recipe being made out of regular stone (since there was no regular stone slabs), but Mojang decided to add it only because of recipe conflicts... Instead of just making it into a stone cutter recipe... So the old recipe method is more logical than what Mojang did, lol.
Now I want a mod that takes into account fuel burning temperatures when smelting items.
A others have said, smooth stone wasn't always obtained through the furnace. The full smooth stone block used to be only obtainable through commands, and you could make the slabs through simply crafting (regular stone slabs didn't exist). I think the reason that the furnace was chosen wasn't just because the furnace was all there was, but was also in an attempt to give more functionality to the furnace for balancing reasons.
All the geological inaccuracies in the game makes me want to make a game that is either A:accurate to geology, or B:inaccurate to geology but consistently.
Those bar charts and visuals are pretty impressive, no idea how you did them but they look damn good
I was thinking you could treat cobblestone as a sediment and put a pile of small stones in the furnace in an attempt to fuse them, but you'd probably just end up with a finer pile of small stones
1:06 This makes sense since glass is basically lava
I just realised steve can take things in and out of a 1000+ degree furnace like it's nothing
Minecraft certainly does have a few oddities, especially this stuff that's been in the game the longest.
On the concept of why cooking stone turns it into smooth stone, I'm surprised you didn't mention that cooking cobblestone turns it into stone. So stone into smooth stone is only the final step of "smoothing out" cobblestone. Not that smoothing cobblestone is realistic either, but that's definitely a huge component as to why you get smooth stone by cooking stone. Assuming that cobblestone to stone is "melt this rock until it's smooth", stone to smooth stone is just what happens when you leave the cobblestone in for twice as long.
5:57 You made Lime or Cal Mexicana which is used to make masa dough out of corn. It's also used to make whitewash and other building and finishing materials like concrete.
underrated channel
The only Minecraft who goes outside. Great presentation.
im learning soil mechanics this semester so happy to see soil in ur vids ❤
You didn’t account for the size difference so it would actually be a lot shorter than 12 min
Cracked stone brick letsgo
I don't know geology, didn't take geology. But I like to listen to funny geology man talk about funny rocks.
I always thought of cobblestone in minecraft as a bunch of loose rocks, not an actual block. And a block is a measure of how much rocks you have. So "smoothing" the stone is kinda like melting individual rocks into lava (or whatever they melt into) and letting them solidify again as a single block.
This channel is such a gem
The smooth stone used to not exist not so long ago. We had stone slabs which actually looked like smooth stone slabs, which were just made in crafting table.
I really really REALLY like the real world examples. this puts me one step closer to going into environmental science
Your rocks look like they would taste good
1:32 It's already kinda smooth
He’s making smoothest stone
My assumption has always been, the top half is for colder temps, like cooking and drying and the bottom is for super hot stuff, like iron.
Short and to the point. Nice 10 second video.
wait who cooks chicken at 250°C?
Those who like it burnt on the outside and raw on the inside
gneiss, apparently.
That oven makes a good open and closing sound
You actually *_can_* do this in real life, its called *glazing/firing.* although you would have to do it in an unconventional way. You would have to take a rock without moisture, and heat the surface extremely quickly to slightly melt the surface, causing it to vitrify and become smooth, like glass. remember that glass starts out as rough powder (sand). if you extrapolate out from that, then you should be able to take some quartz sandstone or quartzite (or maybe even regular sandstone) and melt the surface to smooth out the rough surface. and sand comes from rock, so really any rock that wont shatter or explode upon heating can be made smooth this way.
You know, after seeing stone come out a dropper, which eliminates having to open a menu to grab items, it really makes me wish there was some way to make a dispenser swap between dropping a singular item and dropping a whole stack.
Aaaand I just realized they could just do this with a dropper, which only has the distinct functionality of dropping any item type, including filled buckets, as opposed to placing fluids. So instead of making a redstone clock system we could just have droppers drop an entire item stack through observer activation.
An old school wood kitchen can get higher temps than it seems inside with just one or two hours of "full power". I hardened a crappy knife blade on my dad's kitchen using olive oil (had nothing else on hand) and the results were awesome! I didn't expect it to work and i had a problem: since it did i didn't have a way to sharpen it anymore 😂
Indeed the limestone turned to quicklime (very fragile, basically calcium oxide as you said) and then decomposed into slaked lime, aka calcium hydroxide. That's how traditional mortar is made, as once you leave it in air, it dries and absorbs co2, turning back into limestone
Do you know why captions aren't on this video? I couldn't understand what you said at the very begining: "This gives me an excuse to talk about ____."
(Loss on ignition? You say it more clearly later in the video, so I think I got it now.)
and this is how Greg Tech starts.
What the game calls just "stone" used to be called "smooth stone" before the current smooth stone was added to the game.
Since you could make it by cooking cobble stone, I always figured it was supposed to be heating up the stone to the point that it became molten and fused together.
With those oven temperatures for chicken, fish and potatoes, please never invite me over for dinner.
I always assumed in Minecraft you were melting the stone and pouring it into a cube-shaped mold. Clearly the furnace can vary in temperature, so it should be able to get hot enough to melt rock. That’s why cobblestone melts together into a uniform cube of stone. This would make metal smooth, so why not stone?