The geocentric model of Ptolemy

The Geocentric Model of Ptolemy, also known as the Ptolemaic system, is a theory of the universe that positions Earth at the center, with the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars revolving around it. This model, which dominated Western thought for over 1,400 years, was formulated by the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. It was based on the principles of Greek philosophy, mathematics, and observations of the night sky, and was a refinement of earlier geocentric theories, most notably those proposed by Aristotle and Eudoxus.
Ptolemy’s Almagest, a mathematical and astronomical treatise, was the cornerstone of this system, offering both a detailed description of the geocentric universe and an elaborate method to predict the positions of celestial bodies. This system remained the dominant astronomical model in the Western world until the Copernican Revolution in the 16th century, when the heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus eventually replaced it.