COLD HARD SCIENCE: SLAPSHOT Physics in Slow Motion - Smarter Every Day 112
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- Опубликовано: 29 мар 2014
- Tweet this: bit.ly/SlapShotSci - FB it: bit.ly/SlapShotSlow
Download a free Audio book: bit.ly/AudibleSED
Infographics are Here: / smartereveryday
I shot the skaters with a Phantom MIRO LC320S made by Vision Research: www.visionresearch.com/Product... Most speeds were around 3271 fps, but I shot the full body shot at 1200 fps.
Smarter Every Day Infographics are Here: / smartereveryday
Slow Motion sound design made by Gordon McGladdery, "A Shell In the Pit". Gordon's work is awesome, you should check it out. I like his music. ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/
Hockey Stick Rigidity data plotted, and equations formatted into LaTeX format by Will Leahy: www.willleahy.info/
"Whippness" Graphic, and shear moment diagrams by:
Emily Weddle Design www.emilyweddledesign.com
-------------------------------
With thanks to:
My friend Dr. Jeff Evans. Tenured Mechanical Engineering professor at UAH
UAH Director of Hockey Operations Nick Laurila
The nameless UAH Hockey player
Go Chargers!
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The stick rigidity data collected by Dr. Evans and I is not a formal reflection on the manufacturers because the sticks were previously used and we could not find an ASTM standard to setup our test. The possibility exists that I put the support positions too close together, which would make the values lower. The players however gave us the sticks because they were "so used they were now flimsy". Our data reflected this. If I had it to do over again I would test a new stick vs an old stick. Kettering University has done some research on this subject and we tried to setup our test apparatus similar to theirs. They applied the force to the foot of the stick. We applied the force to the center. www.kettering.edu/news/taking-...
I thought this was a great video of a product that has normalized the process by constraining the 1 inch deflection measurement.
• Oggie Tru-Flex Stick F...
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Warm Regards,
Destin 
Наука
As a goalie, when he said he respects us more, that felt great
He means respects more than he did before
Respect Goalies, Catchers, and Drummers. They're all the backbone in their respective professions !
Noah Gendron I know I felt the same way
Noah Gendron I know i am a rep goalie its awesome
I'm not a goalie, but it did feel pretty good when he said that.
That hockey puck looked extremely dangerous! Glad he dealt with it
hehe
3:37 Velcome to hoodraulic press channel!
Press shannel (with spanish r)
Vat de fak?
I love that guy 😂
"Heer vee go vit a pot fool ov dat sheet."
When calculating the compression of the puck, did you consider the temperature of the rubber? In the NHL, rule 13.2 covers frozen pucks:
13.2 Supply - The home team shall be responsible for providing an adequate supply of official pucks which shall be kept in a frozen condition.
The frozen pucks are stiffer and less likely to bounce.
And when hit they make more noise and break your stick!!
not going to lie, at 2:20 my brain told me to duck lol
Anthony Chon ,
I flinched then cussed him loudly, laughed, replayed, flinched again..
Had me the first half not gonna lie
My brain told me to duck att 4:44.
Daniel Johansson LOL
I flinched several times when I rewatched it. Interesting brain stuff.
-"When did you get the tooth knocked out?"
-"About 3 years ago"
-"That's awesome dude!"
Very cool, I did not realize the stick would flex that much.
You should see a fencing blade sometime. Blades used at the international level in foil and epee have a minimum and maximum deflection when tested (clamp the blade 70cm from the front face of the tip, hang a 200gm weight from the end, measure the deflection.
But even the stiffest blades look like wet noodles when in use at super slo mo....it's amazing I hit anything after taking a parry, frankly.
Lots of things flex a lot more than one would think. It's just too fast for the eye to see.
Yeah it kinda reminded me of a bow
I didn’t realize that either
How do so many people don’t know that the stick flexes that much
Man I wish I had access to your gear! Great video as usual.
wowow, you want acces to his gear, eh? naughty boy!
I'm a simple man, I see MrGnG on random RUclips videos, I like whatever he posts
Read the text under notes at 4:22 :D
haha love the bloopers
Lol
Hey Destin, hopefully you find this. As a pilot, I have tons of my friends asking me how an airplane flies, more specifically, how lift is created and what does it take to make the plane loose it's lift. It'd be really awesome if you could go out to your local airport at a flight school and film a video educating your viewers on this topic!
I played pee wee hockey for a few years, I always tried to hit the puck like a golf shot, not the ice before. WHERE WAS THIS VIDEO 15 YEARS AGO?!?!?!
Too bad you didn't have knowledgeable coaches. This is standard stuff in hockey training.
In hockey you have two possible ways to shoot, the slapshot (shown in the video) and the wrist shot (you start the shot with the stick on the ice and the puck on the stick and drag it forward, accelerating it with a wrist twist at the end). In Germany you are not allowed to do a slapshot in the lowest two age classes, as they also play in a smaller field. The slapshot is also more inaccurate and mostly used by defenders in the offensive, trying to force a rebound, while the wrist shot is used when you really want to hit the spot you aim for. The best thing about the wrist shot is once you get the technique right you hit exactly the spot your stick points at at the end of your shot. Also in pee wee hockey a slapshot is very hard to do anyways, as your sticks are usually so stiff they don't even have flex ratings (because they are too short and usually pretty cheap). So this video probably wouldn't have helped you back then :P
In golf, a similar thing happens, except it is the ball that compresses, deforms, and stores the extra energy before springing off the club. Yes, the club also has some spring, but not like a hockey stick that hits the ice first.
Then, a whole bunch of cool physics affects the ball in flight...which in my case usually results in a slice.
Omg. I play bantam jockey now and have the opposite problem. When I hit a golf ball, sometimes I hit as far as a foot behind it.
@@minecrafter0505 sadly incorrect information you forgot snapshots and back hands... Also i shoot harder slap shots with stiffer sticks as do the pros both chara and weber use over 110 flex. Lastly in pewee i had an easton typhoon (two piece stick where the shaft was composite and the blade wood) with a rating of 45 flex. So in short a stiffer stick is better if your good at slaps, there are more then two shots and youth sticks come in more flexible amounts.
The way you used to measure the flex of the stick was incorrect. Many sticks are stiffer in different areas.
Ryan Manak That's what I was just going to say!!
Ryan Manak
Ryan Manak was gonna say the same thing because of the different kick points
The flex points are much like a golf club. The lower the flex point the higher the trajectory of the puck. The higher the flex point, the lower if both were done at same blade speed at impact.
You are wrong.
Dude this is sick!!!. Im from Canada and I have played hockey for about 30 years..This is eye opening.. I understood the math and what I am trying to accomplish on the ice.. The way you explain makes it sound as if there is much more going on in our heads then what people think.. Absolutely awesome 👍👍👍👍
Really really interesting. It's all in the timing!
5:57 "Thanks for 'sticking' with me"
Pure joy watching stuff like this, thank you so much!
Very interesting to see the power comes from the energy stored in the stick rather than directly.Would be cool to see some more items tested to destruction.....purely for scientific reasons of course. :)
GoRepairs and all the time I played a tried to hit the puck clean. No wonder my shot sucked.
Notice how they brace their legs to get more power?
LOVE this, especially featuring UAH hockey in this very interesting science lesson!
we want more hockey!!!
This is definitely one of my favorite videos of yours
I play ice hockey so this was interesting
+Landon Taylor i too play hockey and i also found this interesting
+Jakob Alexandersen I play as well. I'm a goalie so I found this interesting
+JustBlowItUp15 I don't play hockey but I really want to.
BIGDOG4844 What pos would you play? You should play goalie. As long as your ok with getting pucks shot at your face.
I would either be a goalie, or a defender. I'm 6ft and 260lbs. I can throw my body around, but I'd also be good at filling space between the pipes
I love how you're really diving into the science behind hockey the last few months. Something to keep in mind with sticks is the kick point, or flex point, is not the same on every stick. Some sticks have the kick point in the middle of the shaft, others have it lower or higher on the shaft of the stick. Also 2 piece sticks, which are a shaft and separate blade that are glued into place, can have very different flex and kick characteristics from 1 piece sticks.
Destin I would love it if you would go back in and do a deep dive into this series. I am so hungry for more info!!! Fantastic job as always brother.
Who plays hockey here
ME
no you play minecraft
Jack Ferguson I love Hockey. I was league president for high school club league for 6 yrs. Probably close to 600 kids passed thru the league. Some played college. Good times for sure.
Used to be on roller hockey team back when I was in grade school. Not much ice in South Africa, or Florida :P
Me too
Jack Ferguson me
Destin I think you should forward this to professors of first year engineering and have them forward it to their students. Having studied it I think this is a great video to demonstrate shear and moment diagrams, bending stress, sheer stress, deflection etc.
Destin, I've been watching your awesome videos for a while now, but the fact that you featured the fastest, most intense, and simply best sport in the world makes me an even bigger fan of your work!
There simply is no "best" sport (though I like to think that tennis is :P). Hockey is the best in your opinion, but to each his own :)
I'm not trying to start an argument here :)
Ian Huang hehe, for sure, I get it.
However, whether or not people like hockey, it is still objectively the fastest non-motorized team sport in the world, which is what makes it great!
Haha! that's 'cuz you guys have blades on your feet and you're skating on ice! ...huh...that makes me think that hockey's *not* the fastest. speed skating is! oh wait...nvm, cycling is! I think...
Ian Huang Right, but neither cycling nor speed skating are realy team sports, are they? They're racing events . . . I mean, unless you're playing bike-polo or something :P
oh yeah, I didn't notice the "team" part of his reply :P LOL at the image of bike-polo, though XD
Hey Destin, I always enjoy the videos. But today, I ended up here to analyze body mechanics of shooting a hockey puck for a class assignment. I ended up watching the slow-mo's in slow motion a good dozen times through and it really helped. Thank you for the great footage. :)
This is so crazy, Dustin! Seeing you recording out at the Von Braun Civic Center, where I used to go every UAH hockey game as a kid, and am now a former UAH student. This makes me absolutely nostalgic. I feel like I know a celebrity... well, sorta. Once again, thank you for whipping up another fantastic video. I don't know how you do it, but keep it up!
Physics is just cool.
Indeed.
Hi Destin, I love getting smarter every day with you. Your enthusiasm is contagious! I do have a couple of questions:
1) When you crushed the hockey puck, did you freeze it first? They use frozen ones in the game. Or were you just crushing the puck for fun?
2) When the stick broke, will it always break in the same place or do the circumstances of why it broke make a difference? You showed your slap-shooter hitting the puck super-fat on relatively clean ice (not chewed up due the playing of the game. If the were to break due to fatigue or if the shooter hit the toe or the heel of the hockey stick harder/first/second, or if the ice were rougher, like it is at the end of each period, would that change the fatigue point? I assume if the hockey player hit a different hard surface (e.g. the goal pipes, the boards, or another player's body parts) the fracture point might be different in a different place. I have often seen the stick break where the blade meets the handle, but they may not have been "one piece composite" sticks.
DFTBA
The stick can break in pretty much any part of the stick. Based on the nature of the composite construction, impacts (from pucks, other sticks, etc.) may cause structural compromise to the fibers of the stick, and when that compromised area is stressed again, it will fail and break.
A one piece composite stick generally breaks near where the blade meets the shaft. The ice surface and how smooth or rough it is will generally have no impact on where a stick would break. Other impacts, as Brian said, can cause structural failure - in this case, the player was probably a defenseman and the stick had been flexed in the same place too many times, causing it to snap at the shaft like that.
A two piece stick will break off the blade almost exclusively, as that's where the shaft and blade are joined together. Usually right along the heel of the blade.
***** That's true, but the fact the force driving the stick was his hand, and it broke by his hand, happened for a reason.
Great video Destin! I'd love to see a physics of figure skating video in the future. Keep up the good work!
This is actually so awesome. Love the videos Destin!
The "hockey stick whip index" isn't as correct; this is more of how it actually is.
75 - Whip Flex
85 - Regular Flex
100 - Stiff Flex
110 - Pro Stiff Flex
either way I loved this episode of SED. can you please make more involving hockey like wrist shots or body checks!
Haha! Im not a defenseman, but I take my sticks pretty stiff. I have a Warrior QR-1 with a 110 flex. Im a heavy guy so I need a good flex profile to get that stick bent and to get that puck flying. Ive perfected my own techniques of various shots to accommodate my flex. Now, I do however break my sticks often, but I have about 8 of the same stick, that's because I need back ups and I don't like any other stick than I have right now. Plus my curve is NASTY! Utilizing flex is a skill and you have to constantly keep using that flex to actually perform your best with it. If you use an 85 and your slapshot wont get up that's because you haven't learned your stick yet. You gota learn the flex, learn the curve, learn the weight. Trust me, when I was starting off I used 85's and then I jumped up to 110 through a graduated amount of time, it was hard to learn how to re take my shots again but its an easy thing to come by, just practice!
JasonHockey46 that is a lot more accurate
JasonHockey46 Good job reading this off nhl 15
I depends on your height, actually.
He should've gotten weber ot chara
or Ovi
yeah
BeerLeagueDust yeah
Matt Holden ovi sucks
No Parise or Koivu
Your hockey videos make my life complete. I could watch the slow-mo all day. The physics are so fascinating!
Awesome video...I never knew that the mechanics behind a slap shot were so intricate!
you should watch a discus thrower! As a discus thrower I can tell you we have to use all kinds of momentum from every part of our body to throw and it looks really cool in about 1/8th speed
I think it´s awesome that you are a discus thrower named "Fling" :-)
You should look at Archery sometime
This series of yours is awesome
I'm loving these hockey videos!
Sticks have different kick points so flexing them by the middle seems flawed
Kick points are independent of the flex. You can have high or low kick (meaning this is the spot where the elasticity returns to its resting state FIRST) and still have the same flex reading.
That guy has such a thick Canadian accent
If he goes to alabama huntsville i dont think hes canadian
Defalbino tK Go back to Canada, Alabama
Defalbino tK UAH currently has 13 Americans, 11 Canadians, 1 Slovakian, and 1 player from England on their roster. Just sayin.
It's a Newfoundland accent in particular.
Lillith's Vampires why would anyone go to UAH for hockey they win like 2 games a season
Thanks for recognizing and respecting goalies for what they go through. As a goalie coach, we use your 'backwards bike' video to show how they have to unlearn bad habits. The position changes as the players get better, and adjustments are hard to make with ingrained beliefs and memories. Great video! Thanks!
I love how in the slow motion you can see the AC flicker in the lights, it's pretty cool
The same thing happens when you cast a fishing lure. You load the rod with the weight of a lure, then release the load, and let the rod throw the lure into the lake. The whippier the rod, the less weight it takes to load it, but too whippy a rod, and you lose distance because you don't get all the energy from your arm action.
There are also variations in fishing rods because different sections of rod have different amounts of flex, hence the terms fast, medium and slow action to describe how the flex profile along the length of the rod varies between rods. These factors are especially important to fly fishers as they use the weight of the line to slowly feed out the line over multiple false casts, so it is necessary to have a rod that is flexible enough to store lots of energy, elastic enough to release that energy quickly when you need it, and stiff enough to resist the momentum of the line to keep it aerialised on the return swing. Would probably make for a good video once the weather warms up.
lancer D Excellent post, Lancer. So we're telling Destin to do a fishing rod video, right?
Docktor Jim I believe we are.
Hey SmarterEveryDay , These fellows have an idea for you
2:20 made me jump from my chair
goalkeeper irl ? :D
3:37 Velcome to hoodraulic press channel!
Destin, your foley guy/gal is awesome...the sounds they select to go with the high speed footage are killer!
Best video in a long time. I love the ones that turn to engineering.
When u guys were testing the flex of the stick maybe wrong because different sticks have different flex points and players get the one that fits their style of play. I like taking quick shots and getting a quick release on the puck so the flex point for my stick is near the bottom of the stick, closer to the blade. Vice - versa for people who like to load up on their shots and what not. And some sticks are not well balanced as well, Some sticks that are expensive, their balance point would be in the middle, It will be different for cheaper sticks.
You're talking about kick point which is slightly different.
0:54
Let me take a selfi
Excellent work as always.
I am so glad I am supporting this, this is awesome! It was great being able to see that you hit some of your higher goals on Paetron, not to include whatever you've got from Subbable.
Have you ever thought of doing a, "Come participate in this mass experiement video with me" set where you get subscribers from close to you to actually be in some of your videos?
Hey Dustin, it might be cool to make a video explain how your hi-speed cameras work. For example, why do you have to use different lighting with hi-speed cameras than with normal cameras.
You don't need different lighting, you just need a lot more. Because the shutter speed is so incredibly fast, the amount of light the CCD gets exposed to is a lot less.
don't mean to be a prude, but "more light" is different than "less light", so it DOES need different lighting lol. But thank you for explaining why it needs more light.
The only difference I imagine is the lighting being brighter, due to the much faster shutter speed, and something that doesn't have a flicker. Though our eyes might not see it, it's sometimes noticeable with fluorescent lights on a camera, even at normal speeds; I assume it's due to the shutter and flicker are out of sync, making a compounded effect. With high speed, it would be even more noticeable.
Do baseball pitches!! Fastballs knuckle balls and how each formation is different and how the ball moves in the air...
Please do more hockey science, these are awesome!
This was a great way to depict sheer and moment diagrams, and deflection. Also, really cool to see a slap shot in slow mo!
3:00 The "EXIT" sign is blinking!
That has something to do with the framerate at which the camera is filming. I believe it has something to do with the wavelength of the light? Correct me, someone.
Maybe even since it's powered by alternating current, it's turning on and off so fast we can't see it, but the Phantom can pick it up. Great catch!
simonova90 If it is a fluorescent bulb (95% certain it is), it has to do with the ballast and the frequency it has been bumped to in order to make it less visible.
dzjad Exit signs actually have incandescent bulbs. No ballast, just a bulb.
I've done some math for fun but the blinking exit sign is due to the electric grid running at 60hz. The high speed camera is running at 1200 frames per second. Slowed down to 24 frames per second video is 50 times slower. Power is cycling forward and backwards 60 times a second. Slowed down 50 times you get a cycle every 1.2 second. During each cycle the light will flash twice, once on the positive voltage, once on the negative voltage. So while playing this video, every .6 second the exit sign should flash.
0:58 That dude probably wears glasses. Look at his hands moving towards his nose/eyes. haha
I recently found your channel and spent tonight binging on your videos; Very well done and intoxicatingly interesting!
Awesome slow-motion, well done, many thanks and keep going!
A lacrosse one now please
How long did it take you to set up that transition in the beginning? 0:01
Excellent video Destin! I'm sharing this with all of Canada.
It's nice to see hockey enthusiasts in the South.
Awesome video, Destin! I'm hoping for more on this. Ended too soon!
is that slo mo sound accurate as well? or was some sound effect added in?
It's most likely from a movie sound design cd. High speed cameras do not record sound.
BLACK09 3 years later and he made a video answering your question 😂😂
Hey Destin, please do a billiard video next if you're done with hockey. There is a lot physics that go into billiards. I'm really interested in cue ball spin.
I would really like to see a slow-mo of a trick-shot I was allowed to do on a pool table with an old cloth. Rack up the balls like you normally would (but make sure the rack is one solid mass, in other words by extra careful that all the balls touch their neighbours), set the cue-ball deadcentre to the rack (normal break-off distance) and launch it with as much topspin as you can manage. If all goes well, the cue-ball will hit the first ball of the rack dead-centre, bounce backwards while still spinning (because the balls' direction is now reversed, it is now back-spinning). The cue-ball will leave a trail of smoke when bouncing off the rack (as long as it doesn't bounce upwards). Backspin + speed of the ball will make the bottom go so fast relative to the cloth that it burns the cloth in a very narrow strip. Investigating the cloth afterwards, it will look like it was cut with a knife. The cloth is ruined so do this just before changing an old cloth for a new one.
Love the hockey stuff, keep it up
This take my love of hockey to another level! Destin I love the vids and live in Mobile, AL and hated to see our local team go way back when, keep up the awesome vids dude!
I hope he gets a new stick. ..
Wow it says "No views".
I've never had that before
sometimes you have a load of likes but no views, happens mostly weekends =)
It's so youtube can make sure you're not hacking views
MAN!! THat is SO COOL!!! I love seeing and understanding the slap-shot more now. SO neat!! Dude. That made me happy.
This series is so cool!
I ducked on 2:20
Oh yeah, that guys a doctor in breaking stuff? Looks like I finally found my new major.
Aaron Powell You'll want an engineering degree.
I did too!!
I stopped watching at 4:43 but players also cut their stick so that would change the flex of the stick as well.
Ok there isn't one player that would cut there stick to change the flex. I bet you can't name one good player that does that
+Sports and Outdoors no, they cut their stick to change the length it also just happens to affect the flex as well.
I am learning about shear stress and moments in my engineering classes at YSU! This definitely makes it more interesting! Thanks!!!
Its pretty cool seeing Mechanics of Materials being put to use on something other than beams and rods.
Andrew V Ikr its like those courses are actually useful for something after all
ahh! it's so simple. i always thought a good slap shot was only hitting the puck. i am smarter this day.
I was pretty impressed at just how much the puck slowed the blade of the stick. The inertia of the puck noticeably added to the flex/whip/bow in the stick before being slung forward.
I bet just the puck would slow the blade and flex it a bit though.....
The guy in the video was just asking to break his stick by how far back he was hitting the ice before the blade hit the puck. The further back, the more the stick flexes. And the further down tour hands are, the higher the chance of flexing the stick too far.
Why does he look like a younger Brent Burns
+Shane Gaglione But younger Brent Burns doesn't even look like Brent Burns.
+Kevin Crevek I meant Burns's look now if he was younger
He lok more like Zack Kassian than Brent Burn
I like how your videos are to the point and not a ton of bullshit. Just the facts. You got my script.
This is low-key my favorite series
Please don't shoot the coyote.
and don't shoot the dog
PMW3
And don't shoot the donkey.
intereality
I bet they would have felt like real asses if they did.
U lost me when U started talking physics !
One of the coolest videos I've ever seen.
You snug that one in there like a boss! @ 05:57
Amazing video! love your work.
a scientist that believes the bible? rofl
And you think it's funny?... pray tell.
Anthony Smith it is amusing because religious claims cannot withstand reasoning or scrutiny. its like having a very large blind spot where one does not use their mind to its capacity, but uses it in other areas of inquiry.
Denchanter357 I think of it more as culture and a way of fitting in your society than their absolute belief. This way it makes more sense...( i am not religious my self)
Denchanter357 Let me introduce myself; School... Science and Math... many merit awards. College; Electromachanical Technician. Career... Xerox technician.
Thirty years as a technician working every day with the law of cause and effect. Universal Law... Cause and effect. This law is unchanging. Was around long before the Big Bang. Will continue into eternity. I and many others... aircraft accident investigators, police officers who analyze crime and prove beyond doubt that an event took place as shown by evidence. This unchanging law is part of the definition of absolute TRUTH.. , If it is unchanging it is Truth. On the first page of the Bible we are told that God created the fruit trees to bear fruit according to the kind of the seed. An apple seed an apple tree. This is still so today. Truth... unchanging. I think all these examples show some light on the subject of how reasoning can be used to expound Truth. Next time you have the opportunity to pick a fruit off a tree remember to do so with thankfulness of the things that God has given us... go well.
Anthony Smith "Cause and effect. This law is unchanging. Was around long before the Big Bang."
This alone shows you don't understand what you are talking about.
What an excellent program, thank you!
I definitely enjoyed learning this new concept. Very awesome.
Hey! I helped install the sound system in that arena 4 years ago! I'm originally from Hartselle, AL so It's pretty cool to see your videos coming from the VBC and Point Mallard Ice Complex and getting spread worldwide on RUclips!
MANN I LOVE THIS CHANNEL
This is just crazy awesome !
love your slow motion
This video was LONG overdue. Thanks!
Tf are you talking about? This was posted 8 years ago lol
@@arttuy437 The net is slow in Vietnam as 4 of their 5 undersea cables are out (again). But I sought of knew as I took a pic of Paul Coffey taking a warm up slap shot as his stick was bent like almost 90° just before it boomerangged the puck.
Being from Texas I know nothing about hockey, but I do enjoy all your videos and your audible book recommendations, I have over 350 books in my audible library..... keep up the good work!
Keep up the hockey videos they are awesome
so so so interesting, really love this guys vids.
this was so cool. great video as always! coming from a life long hockey player this was very interesting.
More hockey science. This is fun!
Thanks for the understanding of goalies I really appreciate it.
Having played hockey for 8 years as a kid, It's so cool to see this in slow motion
As a HUGE hockey fan from my earliest age and a street hockey player in my youth, this vid was an eye opener! I NEVER knew that you pre-loaded the stick before hitting the puck in the slap-shot! The fact is I always had a GREAT hard and accurate wrist shot but never understood why my slapshot was well below average (read terrible). NOW I know that in hitting the puck like a golf club hitting a golf ball I was receiving NO "sling" at all! I never had a clue... Dang, Smarter Every Day, I sure could have used you back when!