Bioinformatics part 4 Introduction to FASTA and BLAST

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In bioinformatics, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, or BLAST, is an algorithm for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of different proteins or the nucleotides of DNA sequences. A BLAST search enables a researcher to compare a query sequence with a library or database of sequences, and identify library sequences that resemble the query sequence above a certain threshold. Different types of BLASTs are available according to the query sequences. For example, following the discovery of a previously unknown gene in the mouse, a scientist will typically perform a BLAST search of the human genome to see if humans carry a similar gene; BLAST will identify sequences in the human genome that resemble the mouse gene based on similarity of sequence. The BLAST program was designed by Stephen Altschul, Warren Gish, Webb Miller, Eugene Myers, and David J. Lipman at the NIH and was published in the Journal of Molecular Biology in 1990.
To run, BLAST requires a query sequence to search for, and a sequence to search against (also called the target sequence) or a sequence database containing multiple such sequences. BLAST will find sub-sequences in the database which are similar to subsequences in the query. In typical usage, the query sequence is much smaller than the database, e.g., the query may be one thousand nucleotides while the database is several billion nucleotides.
The main idea of BLAST is that there are often high-scoring segment pairs (HSP) contained in a statistically significant alignment. BLAST searches for high scoring sequence alignments between the query sequence and sequences in the database using a heuristic approach that approximates the Smith-Waterman algorithm. The exhaustive Smith-Waterman approach is too slow for searching large genomic databases such as GenBank. Therefore, the BLAST algorithm uses a heuristic approach that is less accurate than the Smith-Waterman algorithm but over 50 times faster.[citation needed] The speed and relatively good accuracy of BLAST are among the key technical innovations of the BLAST programs. Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. Copyright by original content developers of Wikipedia.
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[@Skywalker1369]

In a future video, please explain to us how you’ve come to learn so many different fields of biology! And how you study :) would be much appreciated!

[@Skywalker1369]

Your videos have been useful for me since year 1 of bachelor (2017) til my first masters year (2020)

[@sweta9]

It amazes me too. How he has acquired such deep knowledge on almost every domain of biology.

[@drerikatajra]

Thank you so much for this ! I am so happy to have found these classes ! I am amazed, you explain things so well, finally someone who can teach me this ! Bless you !

[@esgotometer]

Shomu! You're just great, man! Love your vids. Thank you very much for the clear explanation! Your didactic on explaining bioinformatics is just unparalleled.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Luís Augusto thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

[@drerikatajra]

I know right ? He is the best !

[@pingqu8323]

Thank you!! It is very helpful. I like your videos and teaching because each one is short and has an important focus. Thank you so much!!

[@mehwishshoaib1591]

Very well explained sir I've seen your global and local alignment as I'm a bioinformatic student your lectures helped me soo much during my online classes.. great lecturer

[@johannesmthembu8663]

This video helped me a lot in Bioinformatics course,Thank u Shomu

[@nothingggg656]

Sir Really you are multi-talented and great 😃😃👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

[@JaLLaM86]

Thank you for yet another video. Have you thought of maybe extending the intro a bit so it doesn't stop so abruptly?

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Yep. It's been changed now

[@majidbannai5851]

thanks so much for this very clear explanation....

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@hoangminhnguyen2191]

I own you my 3 years in university, thank you so much

[@sagar98534]

Very good. Mr Suman can you show little bit of Pearl Programming too

[@matt-g-recovers]

Excellent series.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@zoyeb100]

Very good series sir.
One small doubt, how do we get that gap in the sequence?

[@vrwalking]

good tutorials very helpful...thank you very much

[@nicholaskitungulu9365]

this lecture, perfect...

[@abeerali4451]

Thanks shomu this video is very helpful

[@kidslove9248]

thanks for this overview i needed this in coursework of ph.D

[@nawaleladl7737]

thanks , that tutorials is very helpful, keep going

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+nawal ElAdl thank you.

[@g.r.bayazid1546]

Thank you brother.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@chiranjibkonwar1476]

fasta is not an algorithm but a file format. please correct me if i am wrong. displayed at 9:30

[@charanramireddi6883]

It's both algorithm as well file format

[@chukwunekejeremiahugwuanyi7417]

Nice explanation

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@rahulchitre1761]

Hi. its good basic but important information.... thanks for sharing ... can you make video for tree construction, and pearl please....

[@PraveenMax]

Good explanation.Which one is widely used ??? Fasta or pdb file?

[@quangmaiv]

very useful, can't be better.

[@naidusurla7722]

got some clarity--- thanq

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@Ehuob]

Thanks a lot. It was a very interesting course

[@ap9686]

Sir please try to make a video on minimal tiling of clones.
Thanks 😊

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@rajanananthan138]

Thanks a lot.. You are very helpful.

[@discriplinehelpusDas]

Great explanation

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@susmitamondal4795]

Sir , please suggest me a book for bioinformatics.

[@monayadav6091]

susmita mondal yes kyuki yeh subject bhut hard lg rha h

[@praseenaprahlad3178]

plz put some information about protein prediction using subcellular localization

[@ImranAhmad-df3mi]

Nyc sir very helpful

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@doctorofpharmacologytoxico9556]

Thank you.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@YAKYAKYAK90]

the term "dynamic programming" is misused at 10:48

[@matt-g-recovers]

Not the same dynamic programming as done in competition?

[@malikid1000]

how can you compare multiple protein sequences.

[@titi14fan]

+malikid Abz i have the same question , PAM and BLOSUM?

[@awesomefacts4525]

it was helpful.thank u

[@nabaababikir7771]

thank you

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@tanishsharma4503]

Short sequence means

[@dr.md.ismailhossain2681]

very nice

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@zbsheikh1222]

padai wale video me haahha romantic song ka advertisment mood change ho jae bache ka😁😁😁

[@johansebastian660]

thank you Apu

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@snehadorugade463]

thanx a lot........

[@rajaramgharge7564]

Sir, Argus Lab ke baremain lecture chahiye

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

I will upload Bioinformatics lectures later

[@neelujaiswal3782]

Nice

[@weweyoyo1693]

can i have ur email to give u my lecture and u make me understand it ? 😧

[@margarytazago8069]

TNX A LOT!!

[@koppadidhanunjaya8445]

Low voice

[@SuneelKumar-vz6oj]

Sir Hindi me video banao