@@Hamun002 actually the guy mentioned that they used to take a big bubble of glass, cut it in half and try to make as flat as possible but it often did not become flat.
As a glass blower I find the float glass method awesome to see every time. As a glass blower that learned the craft in Harrisburg very near Carlisle I'm not surprised it's there.
I am in the glass industry and just visited the Guardian plant yesterday. It was the hottest I have ever been, but this is pretty much exactly the same!!! It was AMAZING! My favorite was seeing the patterns being stamped into the glass to make different textures
@@123prova Materials engineering student here: yes, in some facilities they blow air by the outside of the furnace to absorb any heat coming off, and then pump that back into the main heating line. They can also sometimes recycle heat from the toxic flue gases from the combustion process as well. Hope this answers your question.
@@123prova yes even in artisan shops we do so. its called a recuperative combustion system. both hot air and unburnt fuels are piped back into the comnbustion streams.
@@Aygeu yup, if youre really slick you can put in filtration systems along that recuperation circuit too. ive built about fifteen furnaces, recuperation is huge money savings. wont ever do one without it again.
Very informative and well narrated, there is a lot more to making quality glass than one would reason. The amount of electricity used to get the Sand Mixture to a molten stage has to be very high. It is also impressive to see the size of the factory that produces the window glass it had to be a work and progress building knowledge in each generation until a process was finally perfected. This is probably true with just about any tool, appliance machine or technology that we use today.
Getting the damned bubbles out has to be the main thing. I had a truck some years ago that had thousands of little micro-bubbles in the factory windshield. You couldn't see them except when bright sunlight was at the right angle. I ended up getting a rock chip that spread across the whole thing, so that bubbly windshield was replaced for a better one. I've also seen windows in very old houses that have a lot of bigger bubbles and even waves in them, like the bubbles in beer or champagne, but the bubbles were all inside the pane and the surface of the glass was smooth. Weird. The longer I live, the more I realize how much I don't know, and how much I rely on the knowledge of others for even the most everyday things in life. Great video.
5:26 - it's not explained, but when that guy drops the sheet, it's onto an airbed. That black surface has air pushing through it to cushion the glass as it drops.
You know you went so DEEEEEPPP into RUclips that by 2am you just clicked away video by video and ended you up on how glass is made. But I feel like I can go deeper by 5 am.
I worked a few years ago at PPG doing firebrick work. Mainly in the regenerators. The place is absolutely massive, and walking the roller line takes a while!
proper glass is made from quartz powder though ... this is sodium lime glass ... before this process it was lead glass ... before that it was silica glass ... and it is NEVER a solid ... it is a super fluid ... yes it holds it's shape sort of ... but it never actually hardens fully and is always moving ... the older the glass is the easier it is to see that this is the case ... even our modern window glass after 50 years will show that the bottom of the pane is actually thicker than the top of the pane ... becuase it sags down with gravity ... yes it is only a milimeter or so .in that time ... but it still means it is NOT a solid ...
@@0623kaboom "The question "Is glass solid or liquid?" has no clear answer. In terms of molecular dynamics and thermodynamics, it is possible to justify various different views that it is a highly viscous liquid, an amorphous solid, or simply that glass is another state of matter that is neither liquid nor solid. The difference is semantic. Even in terms of its material properties, we can do little better. No clear definition exists of the distinction between solids and highly viscous liquids. All such phases or states of matter are idealisations of real material properties. Nevertheless, from a more commonsense point of view, glass should be considered a solid since it is rigid according to everyday experience. The use of the term "supercooled liquid" to describe glass still persists, but is considered by many to be an unfortunate misnomer that should be avoided. In any case, claims that glass panes in old windows have deformed due to glass flow have never been substantiated. Examples of Roman glassware and calculations based on measurements of glass visco-properties indicate that these claims cannot be true. The observed features are more easily explained as a result of the imperfect methods used to make glass window panes before the float glass process was invented." The Physics and Relativity FAQ Updated by Dan Watts, 2021. Original by Philip Gibbs, 1996
@@0623kaboom Quartz is quite literally silica. Modern soda lime glasses are still silica based, and the main function of the additives (soda and lime) are to lower the melting point and to increase malleability (though the lime also helps stabilize it chemically). The other commenter is also right that glass is not a liquid and does not act like one. However, the reason glass panels were thicker at the bottom is because making perfect sheets of glass was damn near impossible, and it's just easier to install the thicker side down rather than up.
if you tried to use beach sand youd end up with greenish blue bubbly garbage. what we use is elementally pure silica. what you see in beach sand is random trash.
This is so awesome!!! Thanks for sharing. I was just washing dishes and thought... How the heck is glass made😂😂😂So I guess its safe to say....My dirty dishes brought me here😄😄😄
I worked for a company (over 40 years ago) that made double pane glass windows for office buildings, skyscrapers, etc. We had to handle these large panes of glass that you see in the video here but we weren't given any protective clothing to wear. And yes, I did slice my fingers open one day and had to get stitches. I still remember the owner of that company telling me "You're lucky to have this job". Yup.
15ys as a qualified Glazier, making and fitting glass doors and windows, when in the trade every glazier and labour who works with glass will have a scar from glass cuts
@@Sashsqash1 We're all human, and once in a while, things happen no matter how careful one tries to be. Ask any sheet metal guy, they all have the scars too. The "HVAC band-aid" is a paper towel and some electrical tape.
I have the honour of knowing one of the eight man team that is responsible for continuous float glasses perfected process. I’ve had many conversations about everything we just watched and am in awe of the challenges they overcame and that all continuous glass uses there process.
Thank you for your comment. I worked at Ford Glass plant in Nashville and there was a situation where someone tried to steal the plans for the float glass process. Needless to say, the guy was caught at the plant but quite intriguing when the police showed up.
the pilkington process is available to all now(the molten tin and wheel machines,) I think, but there are different methods of forming it which are patented across the different companies
Sand and glass are not the same as each other. Sand is mostly small crystals of quartz (Silicon dioxide.) glass is made of a mixture of silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, sodium silicate and a number of other compounds of silicon, calcium and sodium plus a number of impurities. Glass is not crystalline (Despite the name "Glass Crystal" for certain types of high-quality glass.) but is more like a super-cooled fluid. I.e. the atoms in it are not in ordered rows as the atoms in a crystal are.
This is so amazing to me. One of those things that we use every day but hardly ever think about. Of course, I have more questions. The sand melts at such a high temperature. But what kind of metal is the machinery made of that can withstand that high temperature without melting itself? And how do you make the machinery for something that has the highest melting point?
The furnace is actually made from several layers of interlocking ceramic blocks up to 3 feet thick. The tin bath is lined with block and carbon. The machines inside that pull the glass through the tin bath called top roll machines are water cooled along with cameras inside so operators can see what is going on. Here is a better video of the process. This is a video made at the plant I work at. ruclips.net/video/Qxz9WPZr27U/видео.html
@@punknhead23 cool! It looks like ceramic and tin can take a lot of heat. Interesting to see the process. Something we use every day, but rarely think about how it’s made.
@@punknhead23 Yes and another tidbit for those not in the glass business, is that the tanks or furnace, is never shut down. It runs 24/7, 365 days a year. Only time they are shut down is for a rebuild. Most run for years on end always making glass. If the glass is not needed then it is added back to the mix as cullet.
I’m so happy you guys took the time to research such an exciting topic welcome to the intellectual questioning stage at this stage you must be grateful for life and thank god everyday you are all very loved by god himself in Jesus name Amen
Well, they didn't come up all at once, for example; someone may come up with something very simple that has advantages and disadvantages, and after a while people try to improve it, and after that there may be some new disadvantages, and they try to improve it again. The cycle goes until they end up with something so advanced that u think "how did they even come up with this?"
Just look at smartphones, if someone sees them for the first time, it can be mind-blowing to them to think how someone can come up with something like that, but if u know how it all begun and how cellphones were the last couple of decades it can be different.
I know, right? Take cheese, for instance. Have you ever thought about the thought process that must have been behind that? "Look, I'm not saying I don't like milk. I like milk; I really do. All I'm saying is it would be nice if it occasionally came in the form of a large, yellow brick."
Glass is a rigid material formed by heating a mixture of dry materials to a viscous state, then cooling the ingredients fast enough to prevent a regular crystalline structure. As the glass cools, the atoms become locked in a disordered state like a liquid before they can form into the perfect crystal arrangement of a solid. Being neither a liquid nor a solid, but sharing the qualities of both, glass is its own state of matter. I worked at a glass plant for 45 years and yes it's complicated to understand.
@@bconman that is true for Sodium Lime glass but not for actual glass ... which is quartz powder only ... we also call it crystal ... and it IS allowed to form into crystals ... in BOTH version but only very small crystals which allows light to pass through ... if cooled naturally it forms larger crystals and tends to block light and being able to see through it ... before sodium lime glass there was lead glass ... and silica glass .. which is green ... and no glass is a solid .... it is a superfluid ... it never stops moving ... it just moves very slowly ... take a 100 year old window and measure the top and the bottom and you will find a deviation ... measure modern glass after manufacture and it is even along its surface let it stand for 50 years and the top is thinner than the bottom ... sure it is very small in mircrons and millimeter range but it still has changed ...
Where does all that sand come from, where do they get it from? Glass is everywhere and it’s been around for a very long time. How have we not used it all up by now? Very perplexing questions.
@@oo0Spyder0oo I’m sure they don’t harvest sand from beaches and that’s the only place I really see sand in abundance which is why I’m curious where they do get the sand from. Maybe they do use some beaches, I have no idea.
@@afterburner2869 clearly they don’t mine all the fucking beaches you don’t, I was explaining that it’s in abundance to the question that it’s been made for ages and why it hasn’t run out. The fact you can melt down sand on the beaches shows you how plentiful it is and an example of where you get it.
If you melt sand you get a green or brown glass. what is added to correct the colour? Neither calcium nor sodium will do it, they will lower the temperature of melting but they won't change the colour.
Some guy told me that a guy managing a local rubbish dump and collecting glass bottles for a recycler could put nearby beach sand in the bottles and presumably get paid for added weight, coz glass was essentially sand, since he used to work in the industry. Which is not how it worked and it wouldn't take them long to figure out the rort, but it is true, glass is essentially sand. Anyone with the right machine can reduce glass bottles to what is essentially a pile of beach sand with the tiny spiracles, or whatever, being more pointed than naturally occurring beach sand, but otherwise the same.
I work at a glass factory land that's literally how it can happen. You can try tossing it but it shatters and you could be cut or get into your eyes even with PPE
Extreme heat melt it naturally...so I’m guessing...furnace technology. Which would be Bronze Age or older were this might be accomplished. But many ores melt the same way....and make for colored glass. Which was probably first. Natural quartz is transparent and is the same. Indeed diamonds are carbon...smelted under extreme pressure. Clear...however other elements change the color.
After the first New Mexico atom bomb..,the desert floor had sheets of light green.......glass! Radioactive of course. Thicker as you approached the center. History!
***** It is not the regular sand that you scoop up at the beach. It is formed in specific geological process to be of commercial purity, and only a few places have it. The refining dust is very carcinogenic. Google silica sand mining wisconsin protest . Glass bottles are no less pollutant than plastics.
+CM CM dry sand 10 dollars a ton at a sand plant in Kansas,or this monster facility probably dries their own,for virtually the cost to dry it.either waythe raw matls are close to free and endless as a river product in nature.therefore it is silly to recycle glass;you could put a 10 lb. bag ofsand out at the curb for the monstrous diesel powered truck to pick up!unlike aluminum recycling or cars,glass recycling was created by a bunch of do gooders to make them feel like they are doing something for the environment.when you factor in the steel dumpsters used,this only serves to keep our landfills from filling up;and is absolutely not carbon footprint friendly!
@@leewatkins1610 you are so wrong. The batch ingredients are expensive. Silly to recycle glass?? It takes so much heat to melt silica sand (which has to be mined and refined) and the other ingredients. Cullet (glass we recycle) has already been through that process and melts at a much lower temperature than the batch ingredients. 20-30% of the batch is recycled glass to keep the furnace and the whole process cooler (still 2800º) and more efficient and cost effective.
@@Heat3YT2 So one day after clubbing their girlfriends and having a quickie, they decided to take some silica, some lime and some bicarb and mix it all up and melt it. At 3,000. Despite the fact that the hottest a wood fire can get is around 500 degrees. And they just happened to have a couple of bags of the the stuff hanging around in the cave. Right next to the vat full of molten tin. Aha. Got it.
I've heard the story is they use to have these massive bonfires in Egypt and other countries for celebrations. And they noticed afterwards all the glass under where the fire was. And that provoked it
I feel like modern day humanity unknowingly underestimates and insults the intelligence, curiosity, and ingenuity of ancient humans. We are pretty much the same people but thrown into a different set of circumstances in regards to already established technology
Every 100 years aliens send someone down to progress our civilization.. We are a big experiment.. It makes just about much sense as believing in religion.
Most large plants run nonstop 24/7 365 unless something has to be rebuilt for maintenance, which is rare. It is true that it requires a lot of energy, but actually keeping it hot isn't that bad. The walls of the furnace are lined with ceramic refractory bricks, which are crazy good insulators. Even after shutoff, large furnaces can take well over a week to cool down to manageable levels.
nope that is called sodium lime glass ... Glass is actually made from quartz powder ... they even have silica glass and lead glass ... but they are all derivatives of actual glass .. what americans call glass is NOT actually glass by proper name ... just like cello tape and scotch tape are NOT the same thing ... but are similar ... celo tape is the actual name of clear tape ... scotch tape is the most common NAME BRAND ... same idea as Kleenex and Facial tissue ...
franlovesmusic It is not the regular sand that you scoop up at the beach. It is formed in specific geological process to be of commercial purity, and only a few places have it. The refining dust is very carcinogenic. Google silica sand mining wisconsin protest . Glass bottles are no less pollutant than plastics.
I wondered about this most of my life. Never once in bed!😁 I was told quite often that glass is made from sand and didn't doubt it so didn't question it. I would have had to use an encyclopedia with no videos. That's the way I had to do my homework if I bothered to do it at all. Now I know.
When Pilkington invented the float-glass process around the middle of the last century, the sheet was originally drawn across a narrow bed of mercury (later replaced by the less dangerous tin), but the company was still producing glass with the Libby-Owens technique, whereby the sheet of glass is drawn upwards continuously through a long ceramic nozzle floating on the surface of the molten glass in what was called a drawing bay. The continuous sheet was then bent over a roller, drawn across the narrow bed of mercury and finally cut off to the required length. The thickness of the glass depended on the drawing speed, with thicker glass being drawn more slowly. The advantage of float-glass is that both surfaces are flat and exactly parallel to each other, Before that, glass made with the Libby-Owens method (and before that with the Foucault method) only had a flat upper surface and the lower surface had to be polished in a further production step, which increased the price somewhat. MsG
zinc tin lead water ... depends on the end result ... even silver and gold will work ... the main criteria is that the melted silica does not combine with what it is being floated upon ..
Silica sand is used. It is refined and put through many filters before it goes into the process. If something undesirable does not melt down in the process it will be detected with and inspections system during the scoring and braking out process and then discarded. You can see how pure it is in this video of the plant I work in. ruclips.net/video/Qxz9WPZr27U/видео.html
should we use the exposy technology to procure glass and make it at the building site or where the consumer can custom make it into glass in any strength of shape they need that way we save the cost in broken glass during transportation or handling
not dumber less knowledgeable ... watch more of them and gain knowledge .. dumb is a state of knowing something about an thing and NOT using that knowledge .. while knowledge or lack of ... is NOT knowing and caring enough to learn about it ... HOW you put the knowledge to use is what creates wisdom ... which is the opposite of being dumb .
When I was kid in the 60's and early 70's we had 2 working glass factories in the little city of 12k citizens that I grew up in. By the end of the 70's and early 80's they were gone. closed forever. One even made world famous candlewick glass. Very expensive to buy now if you can find any. At one time prior to my birth there were 3. Sad to see all these jobs lost to technology but times change. We also had a stamping plant. A factory that made molds.Carnegie steel had a big factory here. the ruins are still standing. Not all but some. A concrete company and the list goes on. Crazy. All gone and we have have 1/3 of the population that we had.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
I’m glad I’m not the only one wondering this while laying in bed.
And a year later im thinking about this in bed
Me as well
same
No way. Same
same
Wow. That's so cool how they use molten tin as a surface for the glass to cool on. Always wondered how they make glass so perfectly flat.
All you have to do is use your imagination to think of a way to do something, and you try hard enough to make it workable and you can often do it!
when industrial glass manufacturing began, they use a surface of molten mercury I believe. its cool stuff!
@@Hamun002 actually the guy mentioned that they used to take a big bubble of glass, cut it in half and try to make as flat as possible but it often did not become flat.
its called the pilkington method, invented by a brit of that name in the 1920s and since become world standard.
I couldn't stop thinking of how this dude looks and sounds like the lawyer from It's Always Sunny, and it turns out it's actually him
He gives off a Jew lawyer vibe
I thought he looked familiar
@@featherman9 better than giving off a bigot vibe.
My son asked me this question. We ended up watching this. Thanks for helpping a curious kid.
yeah the narrator remind me of the science guy..
Motty myers so did mine. This ended up opening a floodgate. Haha
Where do babies come from?
Motty myers - *helping
Glad he didn't ask you how to spell "helping".
As a glass blower I find the float glass method awesome to see every time. As a glass blower that learned the craft in Harrisburg very near Carlisle I'm not surprised it's there.
I am in the glass industry and just visited the Guardian plant yesterday. It was the hottest I have ever been, but this is pretty much exactly the same!!! It was AMAZING! My favorite was seeing the patterns being stamped into the glass to make different textures
I wonder if they manage to recycle the heat produced. I work in IT and my employer can even manage to recycle the warm air in the data center
@@123prova Materials engineering student here: yes, in some facilities they blow air by the outside of the furnace to absorb any heat coming off, and then pump that back into the main heating line. They can also sometimes recycle heat from the toxic flue gases from the combustion process as well. Hope this answers your question.
@@123prova yes even in artisan shops we do so. its called a recuperative combustion system. both hot air and unburnt fuels are piped back into the comnbustion streams.
@@Aygeu yup, if youre really slick you can put in filtration systems along that recuperation circuit too. ive built about fifteen furnaces, recuperation is huge money savings. wont ever do one without it again.
Very informative and well narrated, there is a lot more to making quality glass than one would reason. The amount of electricity used to get the Sand Mixture to a molten stage has to be very high. It is also impressive to see the size of the factory that produces the window glass it had to be a work and progress building knowledge in each generation until a process was finally perfected. This is probably true with just about any tool, appliance machine or technology that we use today.
They burn gas to heat those machines.
Getting the damned bubbles out has to be the main thing. I had a truck some years ago that had thousands of little micro-bubbles in the factory windshield. You couldn't see them except when bright sunlight was at the right angle. I ended up getting a rock chip that spread across the whole thing, so that bubbly windshield was replaced for a better one. I've also seen windows in very old houses that have a lot of bigger bubbles and even waves in them, like the bubbles in beer or champagne, but the bubbles were all inside the pane and the surface of the glass was smooth. Weird. The longer I live, the more I realize how much I don't know, and how much I rely on the knowledge of others for even the most everyday things in life. Great video.
Fascinating! Now I know why old-style glass windows from the 1700s and 1800s had waves in them!
I had no idea that use tin
, I absolutely love watching things like this you always learn something very interesting.
5:26 - it's not explained, but when that guy drops the sheet, it's onto an airbed. That black surface has air pushing through it to cushion the glass as it drops.
no it doesnt. that would chill the glass too fast and cause cracking. that is absolutely NOT true.
@@joshschneider9766 Chill the glass? The glass is at room temp at that point, and remains so. The air is just room temp air, not freezing.
You know you went so DEEEEEPPP into RUclips that by 2am you just clicked away video by video and ended you up on how glass is made. But I feel like I can go deeper by 5 am.
I worked a few years ago at PPG doing firebrick work. Mainly in the regenerators. The place is absolutely massive, and walking the roller line takes a while!
Some places like this with extremely long lengths supply bikes to get around.
5:29 "working with this stuff can be very dangerous"
*throws the glass*
+MS L that's the point lol
Haha
4:35. This glass is very strong u can beat on it and it won't break
Me: Takes a axe and hits it repeatedly. *glass breaks*
YOU LIER!!!!
Yes Darling
I like you
You are great because you can show us how many things are made
Thanks for making google and RUclips.
I always knew it had something to do with sand, I just wasn't quite sure how it was done. Nice to finally know.
proper glass is made from quartz powder though ... this is sodium lime glass ... before this process it was lead glass ... before that it was silica glass ... and it is NEVER a solid ... it is a super fluid ... yes it holds it's shape sort of ... but it never actually hardens fully and is always moving ... the older the glass is the easier it is to see that this is the case ... even our modern window glass after 50 years will show that the bottom of the pane is actually thicker than the top of the pane ... becuase it sags down with gravity ... yes it is only a milimeter or so .in that time ... but it still means it is NOT a solid ...
@@0623kaboom "The question "Is glass solid or liquid?" has no clear answer. In terms of molecular dynamics and thermodynamics, it is possible to justify various different views that it is a highly viscous liquid, an amorphous solid, or simply that glass is another state of matter that is neither liquid nor solid. The difference is semantic. Even in terms of its material properties, we can do little better. No clear definition exists of the distinction between solids and highly viscous liquids. All such phases or states of matter are idealisations of real material properties. Nevertheless, from a more commonsense point of view, glass should be considered a solid since it is rigid according to everyday experience. The use of the term "supercooled liquid" to describe glass still persists, but is considered by many to be an unfortunate misnomer that should be avoided. In any case, claims that glass panes in old windows have deformed due to glass flow have never been substantiated. Examples of Roman glassware and calculations based on measurements of glass visco-properties indicate that these claims cannot be true. The observed features are more easily explained as a result of the imperfect methods used to make glass window panes before the float glass process was invented."
The Physics and Relativity FAQ
Updated by Dan Watts, 2021.
Original by Philip Gibbs, 1996
Minecraft. And they say u don’t learn anything from games 😂
@@0623kaboom Quartz is quite literally silica. Modern soda lime glasses are still silica based, and the main function of the additives (soda and lime) are to lower the melting point and to increase malleability (though the lime also helps stabilize it chemically). The other commenter is also right that glass is not a liquid and does not act like one. However, the reason glass panels were thicker at the bottom is because making perfect sheets of glass was damn near impossible, and it's just easier to install the thicker side down rather than up.
if you tried to use beach sand youd end up with greenish blue bubbly garbage. what we use is elementally pure silica. what you see in beach sand is random trash.
I was always thinking about the manufacturing of glass wow it's amazing
He said working with this material is very dangerous, and then ol boy just tossed it like a rag doll😂😂
I was staring at a glass vase and was like..."where did you come from" so glad for youtube
But did the vase ask you the same question?
Oh the things we take for granted. Such a complicated process, I can't imagine how the inventors of glass even figured out the process.
This is so awesome!!! Thanks for sharing. I was just washing dishes and thought... How the heck is glass made😂😂😂So I guess its safe to say....My dirty dishes brought me here😄😄😄
This feels like it’s an offbrand bill Nye science Guy
I thought the samething
BILL..BILL..BILL..BILL..BILL
Budget Bill
i like this guy more
Wow thank you for sharing this very well prepared and informative video. The presentation reminded me of Mike Rowe with “Dirty Jobs”.
who else is here during quarantine?
me
@@ruhemgroup7214 lol
Das rite
Me to
Me
I was SO ready to see this one! Glass is a modern marvel for sure.
I worked for a company (over 40 years ago) that made double pane glass windows for office buildings, skyscrapers, etc. We had to handle these large panes of glass that you see in the video here but we weren't given any protective clothing to wear. And yes, I did slice my fingers open one day and had to get stitches. I still remember the owner of that company telling me "You're lucky to have this job". Yup.
15ys as a qualified Glazier, making and fitting glass doors and windows, when in the trade every glazier and labour who works with glass will have a scar from glass cuts
Thank you!
I guess every labor job has it's accidents
What a crap boss! I am glad you did not loose your fingers!
@@Sashsqash1 We're all human, and once in a while, things happen no matter how careful one tries to be. Ask any sheet metal guy, they all have the scars too. The "HVAC band-aid" is a paper towel and some electrical tape.
wow so much efforts goes into making of glass
Pilkington Glass (England) has the best process by using FLOAT GLASS method. I worked in Toronto plant for a year.
The best video I have watched in a while.
Anyone notice one of the presenters is the lawyer from “it’s always sunny in Philadelphia”?
That blew my mind lol I didn't even notice and I'm a die hard fan 😅.....maybe not as much as I thought
brings back memories... working at Pilkington glass for more than 20 years I seen it all.. identical process
I didn't know the lawyer had another show
Uh, filibuster.
I have the honour of knowing one of the eight man team that is responsible for continuous float glasses perfected process. I’ve had many conversations about everything we just watched and am in awe of the challenges they overcame and that all continuous glass uses there process.
‘their” process
Thank you for your comment. I worked at Ford Glass plant in Nashville and there was a situation where someone tried to steal the plans for the float glass process. Needless to say, the guy was caught at the plant but quite intriguing when the police showed up.
the pilkington process is available to all now(the molten tin and wheel machines,) I think, but there are different methods of forming it which are patented across the different companies
Imperfect glass is much more attractive in old buildings giving lively reflections and views through the glass.
Thanks for the field trip. Very educational.
Just to confirm. When glass has the sharp edge knocked off it using an abrasive product this means you would be sanding sand with sand?
No, diamond wheels do the grinding of the edges at the fabrication plants.
My comment was supposed to be funny, guess I’m the only one who found the humor in it.
Sand and glass are not the same as each other. Sand is mostly small crystals of quartz (Silicon dioxide.) glass is made of a mixture of silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, sodium silicate and a number of other compounds of silicon, calcium and sodium plus a number of impurities. Glass is not crystalline (Despite the name "Glass Crystal" for certain types of high-quality glass.) but is more like a super-cooled fluid. I.e. the atoms in it are not in ordered rows as the atoms in a crystal are.
Very Cool 😎. Thank you for this video.
I have a new appreciation for glass.
lmfao i thought the same thing. Ima go look at glass and ponder how it came to be
Ikr
It’s 4am and this video completes the vibe
This is so amazing to me. One of those things that we use every day but hardly ever think about. Of course, I have more questions. The sand melts at such a high temperature. But what kind of metal is the machinery made of that can withstand that high temperature without melting itself? And how do you make the machinery for something that has the highest melting point?
The furnace is actually made from several layers of interlocking ceramic blocks up to 3 feet thick. The tin bath is lined with block and carbon. The machines inside that pull the glass through the tin bath called top roll machines are water cooled along with cameras inside so operators can see what is going on. Here is a better video of the process. This is a video made at the plant I work at. ruclips.net/video/Qxz9WPZr27U/видео.html
@@punknhead23 cool! It looks like ceramic and tin can take a lot of heat. Interesting to see the process. Something we use every day, but rarely think about how it’s made.
@@punknhead23 Yes and another tidbit for those not in the glass business, is that the tanks or furnace, is never shut down. It runs 24/7, 365 days a year. Only time they are shut down is for a rebuild. Most run for years on end always making glass. If the glass is not needed then it is added back to the mix as cullet.
The machines are made of probably stainless steel but lined with ceramics and high temp insulators to protect the steel.
Ceramic on the inside. Metal on the outside.
Wow very interesting and informative nice one guys
HOLY FUCK ITS THE LAWYER!!!
I was ready to add a hard J like Frank would, but let's keep it classy right?
Why is that videos attract foul mouthed morons?
I’m so happy you guys took the time to research such an exciting topic welcome to the intellectual questioning stage at this stage you must be grateful for life and thank god everyday you are all very loved by god himself in Jesus name Amen
i will never understand how must of the comon things we use were ever invented its crazy because it not like its a simple thing to come up with..
Well, they didn't come up all at once, for example; someone may come up with something very simple that has advantages and disadvantages, and after a while people try to improve it, and after that there may be some new disadvantages, and they try to improve it again. The cycle goes until they end up with something so advanced that u think "how did they even come up with this?"
Just look at smartphones, if someone sees them for the first time, it can be mind-blowing to them to think how someone can come up with something like that, but if u know how it all begun and how cellphones were the last couple of decades it can be different.
Pablo Arroyo u said it
I know, right?
Take cheese, for instance. Have you ever thought about the thought process that must have been behind that?
"Look, I'm not saying I don't like milk. I like milk; I really do. All I'm saying is it would be nice if it occasionally came in the form of a large, yellow brick."
@@papeya -- Whoosh!
Good video. Information and process was transparent.
I hauled that glass out of ppb Carlisle PA to Fresno Ca on a flatbed trailer for 10 years
Now Vitro right? That is a long haul. Just about every float plant in the country is closer to CA than PA. Huh.
Anakin Skywalker: "I don't like glass. It breaks easily and it just gets everywhere."
"I HATE GLASS I HATE IT AAAAA" -Anikin Skywalker
"working with this stuff can be very dangerous"
*YEEET*
nah its all about confidence mate, been cutting and making glass windows and doors for over 14 years
i already know sand turns into glass, but how does it become see through?
Glass is a rigid material formed by heating a mixture of dry materials to a viscous state, then cooling the ingredients fast enough to prevent a regular crystalline structure. As the glass cools, the atoms become locked in a disordered state like a liquid before they can form into the perfect crystal arrangement of a solid. Being neither a liquid nor a solid, but sharing the qualities of both, glass is its own state of matter. I worked at a glass plant for 45 years and yes it's complicated to understand.
@@bconman that is true for Sodium Lime glass but not for actual glass ... which is quartz powder only ... we also call it crystal ... and it IS allowed to form into crystals ... in BOTH version but only very small crystals which allows light to pass through ... if cooled naturally it forms larger crystals and tends to block light and being able to see through it ... before sodium lime glass there was lead glass ... and silica glass .. which is green ... and no glass is a solid .... it is a superfluid ... it never stops moving ... it just moves very slowly ... take a 100 year old window and measure the top and the bottom and you will find a deviation ... measure modern glass after manufacture and it is even along its surface let it stand for 50 years and the top is thinner than the bottom ... sure it is very small in mircrons and millimeter range but it still has changed ...
because the power of racism makes it possible
Where does all that sand come from, where do they get it from? Glass is everywhere and it’s been around for a very long time. How have we not used it all up by now? Very perplexing questions.
I'm here two days after you wondering the same things.
It’s everywhere, the earth’s crust is around 60% silica so it’s not running out for a long time yet. Just look at beaches and sand dunes for starters.
@@oo0Spyder0oo I’m sure they don’t harvest sand from beaches and that’s the only place I really see sand in abundance which is why I’m curious where they do get the sand from. Maybe they do use some beaches, I have no idea.
@@afterburner2869 clearly they don’t mine all the fucking beaches you don’t, I was explaining that it’s in abundance to the question that it’s been made for ages and why it hasn’t run out. The fact you can melt down sand on the beaches shows you how plentiful it is and an example of where you get it.
Bottom of rivers, dunes, there's a lot of places and different qualities of sand
Spongebob working in a glass factory? Priceless.
5:50 he wanted to say something else but remembered this is a family program.
Thanks for the upload, very informative.
me: im going to sleep early
also me: watching this video
you know the world's a mess when people's point of reference is a video game.
We are staring at a glass right now
Probably BEF (brightness enhancement film) if it is a phone computer or modern TV.
Fascinating. Thanks.
I still can't imagine how sand is transformed into glass.
There's a video just above that explains the process. It's hot. Really hot.
Could you please send the link to this video!@@Brian424
Me staying up late finishing science homework.
My mom: what are you doing up so late
I already know this beacause of minecraft
+Awesome Gamer, but it's a more complicated matter in real life.
OMG I also already know this because of minecraft :-)
I tell you, it's more complicated in real life.
same lmfao
True
If you melt sand you get a green or brown glass. what is added to correct the colour? Neither calcium nor sodium will do it, they will lower the temperature of melting but they won't change the colour.
After putting on our Kevlar suits I would have said: "are we not men !...we are Devo !
Some guy told me that a guy managing a local rubbish dump and collecting glass bottles for a recycler could put nearby beach sand in the bottles and presumably get paid for added weight, coz glass was essentially sand, since he used to work in the industry. Which is not how it worked and it wouldn't take them long to figure out the rort, but it is true, glass is essentially sand. Anyone with the right machine can reduce glass bottles to what is essentially a pile of beach sand with the tiny spiracles, or whatever, being more pointed than naturally occurring beach sand, but otherwise the same.
lol "working with this stuff can be very dangerous" throws glass and shatters. *smh*
lmbo! I was dying at that part
I work at a glass factory land that's literally how it can happen. You can try tossing it but it shatters and you could be cut or get into your eyes even with PPE
Good night. Take care of yourself. Thank you for posting this video.
This is very interesting
I wonder who the first dude to discover glass was and how he discover it
Extreme heat melt it naturally...so I’m guessing...furnace technology. Which would be Bronze Age or older were this might be accomplished. But many ores melt the same way....and make for colored glass. Which was probably first. Natural quartz is transparent and is the same. Indeed diamonds are carbon...smelted under extreme pressure. Clear...however other elements change the color.
After the first New Mexico atom bomb..,the desert floor had sheets of light green.......glass! Radioactive of course. Thicker as you approached the center. History!
@@marksolarz3756 Trinitite! Named after the Trinity site where it was first observed.
I have waited for years to find this out. Fantastic video.
Could use a narrator that doesn't dumb down the process so much
Great video and machinery. where does all the sand come from ? Is sand manufactured from rocks or taken from beaches ?
***** It is not the regular sand that you scoop up at the beach. It is formed in specific geological process to be of commercial purity, and only a few places have it. The refining dust is very carcinogenic. Google silica sand mining wisconsin protest . Glass bottles are no less pollutant than plastics.
Hey thanks. It's great to have an insight into all the material things ,. how they're made @)
+CM CM dry sand 10 dollars a ton at a sand plant in Kansas,or this monster facility probably dries their own,for virtually the cost to dry it.either waythe raw matls are close to free and endless as a river product in nature.therefore it is silly to recycle glass;you could put a 10 lb. bag ofsand out at the curb for the monstrous diesel powered truck to pick up!unlike aluminum recycling or cars,glass recycling was created by a bunch of do gooders to make them feel like they are doing something for the environment.when you factor in the steel dumpsters used,this only serves to keep our landfills from filling up;and is absolutely not carbon footprint friendly!
@@leewatkins1610 you are so wrong. The batch ingredients are expensive. Silly to recycle glass?? It takes so much heat to melt silica sand (which has to be mined and refined) and the other ingredients. Cullet (glass we recycle) has already been through that process and melts at a much lower temperature than the batch ingredients. 20-30% of the batch is recycled glass to keep the furnace and the whole process cooler (still 2800º) and more efficient and cost effective.
Minecraft Logic:
Shove Sand in a furnace,
power the furnace with coal
in a matter of seconds , you'll have glass :D
I like ur thinking my friend.
Despicable Ponies Well, waiting 3 days would make minecraft into clash of clans, not that building a giant structure in a week is logical though...
nah, I think I'm just gonna put it in the microwave.
Your little bit wrong
gg ez
good work people. unbelievable thing
So like one day someone decided to start mixing sand with (Materials I can not name) and heat it up at 3000 degrees for fun...
Bc why not
Sarah Lopez more than likely they discovered it after a fire or near a volcano and it sparked their curiosity to try to recreate it.
@@Heat3YT2 So one day after clubbing their girlfriends and having a quickie, they decided to take some silica, some lime and some bicarb and mix it all up and melt it. At 3,000. Despite the fact that the hottest a wood fire can get is around 500 degrees.
And they just happened to have a couple of bags of the the stuff hanging around in the cave.
Right next to the vat full of molten tin.
Aha. Got it.
I've heard the story is they use to have these massive bonfires in Egypt and other countries for celebrations. And they noticed afterwards all the glass under where the fire was. And that provoked it
I feel like modern day humanity unknowingly underestimates and insults the intelligence, curiosity, and ingenuity of ancient humans. We are pretty much the same people but thrown into a different set of circumstances in regards to already established technology
Every 100 years aliens send someone down to progress our civilization.. We are a big experiment.. It makes just about much sense as believing in religion.
and one of the main reason for our current shortage situation. hallelujah we done it
Hey, it's the lawyer from It's Always Sunny. Cool!
Lmao thanks for saving me the google, i knew he seemed familiar!
I wonder how we figured this out. Great video
Not sure why I wanted to know how this is made so randomly but here I am 🤷🏽♂️
Would have been nice to have a link to the testing phase or else cut the video off before it gets to "Coming Up".
i like how its the attorney from sunny in Philadelphia
I can't even imagine the amount of energy needed to keep something that hot for days
It’s a furnace. It’s natural gas
Most large plants run nonstop 24/7 365 unless something has to be rebuilt for maintenance, which is rare. It is true that it requires a lot of energy, but actually keeping it hot isn't that bad. The walls of the furnace are lined with ceramic refractory bricks, which are crazy good insulators. Even after shutoff, large furnaces can take well over a week to cool down to manageable levels.
Glass is made out of:
• Sand
• Sodium carbonate
• Calcium carbonate
nope that is called sodium lime glass ... Glass is actually made from quartz powder ... they even have silica glass and lead glass ... but they are all derivatives of actual glass .. what americans call glass is NOT actually glass by proper name ...
just like cello tape and scotch tape are NOT the same thing ... but are similar ... celo tape is the actual name of clear tape ... scotch tape is the most common NAME BRAND ... same idea as Kleenex and Facial tissue ...
As well, automotive glass is also made from lots of scrap/cullet glass that was broken during the glass making process.
Literally laying in bed remembering asking myself a few days ago this very question
where do they take AALLLL THIS SAND from!??!
Right?!
franlovesmusic It is not the regular sand that you scoop up at the beach. It is formed in specific geological process to be of commercial purity, and only a few places have it. The refining dust is very carcinogenic. Google silica sand mining wisconsin protest . Glass bottles are no less pollutant than plastics.
John C G So what do you suggest we have houses and buildings with zero ventilation or do u suggest we leave spaces open ?
franlovesmusic Sahara
franlovesmusic Sahara
This has been a life question
November 2019... jst curious hw glass is made
Me too
jaat jaat I love youuuuu me tooo !!
@@krn91 🤣 ohky
Is tin mixed with glass? Why is the glass shaking in the video? Is it real glass?
I'm really high, and I NEEDED to know how glass was made.
I wondered about this most of my life. Never once in bed!😁 I was told quite often that glass is made from sand and didn't doubt it so didn't question it. I would have had to use an encyclopedia with no videos. That's the way I had to do my homework if I bothered to do it at all. Now I know.
I thought it was zinc that the glass floated on. Nice to know it is tin.
When Pilkington invented the float-glass process around the middle of the last century, the sheet was originally drawn across a narrow bed of mercury (later replaced by the less dangerous tin), but the company was still producing glass with the Libby-Owens technique, whereby the sheet of glass is drawn upwards continuously through a long ceramic nozzle floating on the surface of the molten glass in what was called a drawing bay. The continuous sheet was then bent over a roller, drawn across the narrow bed of mercury and finally cut off to the required length. The thickness of the glass depended on the drawing speed, with thicker glass being drawn more slowly.
The advantage of float-glass is that both surfaces are flat and exactly parallel to each other, Before that, glass made with the Libby-Owens method (and before that with the Foucault method) only had a flat upper surface and the lower surface had to be polished in a further production step, which increased the price somewhat.
MsG
zinc tin lead water ... depends on the end result ... even silver and gold will work ... the main criteria is that the melted silica does not combine with what it is being floated upon ..
Just casually watching this at 4 in the morning like normal people do
being high brought me here
chase stance I thought I was the only one. :O
chase stance me too
Just arrived buzzed 2
Yooo i thought i was the only one lmao
chase stance lol😁😂😁😂😁
MIND. BLOWN.
I could really see myself doing this.
I was right into that & it ended !! That was cool
I've watched many videos on the Science channel and other but none tell where the dark particles of sand ( black and brown) and other impurities go.
Silica sand is used. It is refined and put through many filters before it goes into the process. If something undesirable does not melt down in the process it will be detected with and inspections system during the scoring and braking out process and then discarded. You can see how pure it is in this video of the plant I work in. ruclips.net/video/Qxz9WPZr27U/видео.html
Most of take this for granted, but holy that looks like hell, just the whole process.
I don't know much about glass....but I know a thing or two about bird law.
♫ I want to know what love is. I want you to show me... ♪
well I know a lot about updog
It seems like you have a tenuous grasp on the English language in general.
metal134 Well, now, to that I plead the fifth, sir.
Maxwell Horne
And Ill take that into co-operation.
should we use the exposy technology to procure glass and make it at the building site or where the consumer can custom make it into glass in any strength of shape they need that way we save the cost in broken glass during transportation or handling
The more of these kind of videos I see the dumber I realize I am.
The humbler the mind, the wiser you will become
@@juanfelipe8484 So there's still hope for me?
@@gregorymcgee100 lol of course. But it’s up to your mindset
not dumber less knowledgeable ... watch more of them and gain knowledge .. dumb is a state of knowing something about an thing and NOT using that knowledge .. while knowledge or lack of ... is NOT knowing and caring enough to learn about it ... HOW you put the knowledge to use is what creates wisdom ... which is the opposite of being dumb .
When I was kid in the 60's and early 70's we had 2 working glass factories in the little city of 12k citizens that I grew up in. By the end of the 70's and early 80's they were gone. closed forever. One even made world famous candlewick glass. Very expensive to buy now if you can find any. At one time prior to my birth there were 3. Sad to see all these jobs lost to technology but times change. We also had a stamping plant. A factory that made molds.Carnegie steel had a big factory here. the ruins are still standing. Not all but some. A concrete company and the list goes on. Crazy. All gone and we have have 1/3 of the population that we had.
Discount Mike Rowe lol
He's the lawyer in Always Sunny
He's the lawyer in Always Sunny
This is why I love studying the earth!! 🌍🌎🌏