As a Missourian turned British Columbian, this was one of the most fascinating portions of my Fishers degree. The contribution of the Milk and Missouri Rivers' intermingling to Western Canada's fish diversity is fascinating. The further damming and shifting of river systems by glaciation and ice dams can be tracked through the fishs' genetics. Thank you for so clearly explaining this from a geological perspective!
I grew up on a river terrace near the Carpathians where digging down only a couple feet would reveal a thick layer of gravel and smooth boulders but it never crossed my mind that the landscape I'm so familiar with could be the result of ancient glaciers. I'm a forestry major and your videos are my favorite way to learn about geology, thank you!
I've never been interested in geology, but you, Myron, are my new favorite teacher. Also, the American West is among the most beautiful backdrops one can use to keep viewers interested.
I've canoed the Missouri several times starting at Coal Banks. I knew the River turns south there but never thought about why. Now I know. I also lived a few years in the prairie pot hole region of ND north of the Missouri. Hundreds and hundreds of pot holes with no creeks or rivers to speak of. All the runoff is into the potholes. Thanks Myron.
M. Cook your enthusiasm is contagious👍 in Alaska the braided rivers spread over vast areas...in between the glacial melt waters and farther north the eroding permafrost.
I marvel at your knowledge and I appreciate the topics you bring to us. I feel so much smarter for watching your videos. Thank you for the effort you put into these!
I have watched a lot of geologists and you are my favourite teacher. You have a great way of communicating information in an interesting way to those of without a geology degree. Others I see mostly quote statistics.
I'm a keen hiker in the UK, places like the Lake District, Peak District, Snowdonia and the Scottish Highlands...I've always been fascinated by the different rock types, river systems, mountain formations etc as I walk, I have to thank you Myron for the wealth of information and knowlodge you're passing on, it truly is amazing how a mountain scene begins to form an understandable picture after watching you carry out your field work. I thank you again, you're an excellent tutor.
I appreciate the time it must take to create these videos. Thank you for driving to theses special spots. From the drone, the Google Earth shots and my favorite white board, you make terrific content. I just love the story of earth!
Several years ago, I had flown extensively over this area while piloting fixed and rotary wing aircraft. As you point out, the evidence is there in the landforms and river course. Very nice explanation!
I live in British Columbia where the headwaters of the Columbia River are. Many years ago I fished there for Trout and Rocky Mtn Whitefish and it’s only about 50ft wide and a few feet deep. Some places in Oregon it’s 1000 ft deep and 1 1/2 miles wide at that point. I’ve also been to the headwaters of the Mississippi in Minnesota and it’s just a stream. So are the Assiniboine, Red and north and south Saskatchewan rivers. If I hadn’t seen all those sources I would have never thought they started that small. Another amazing fact is that the Canadian prairies were once covered by Lake Agassiz and at a small Manitoba town one shore of this massive lake is still visible.
The course of the Ohio River was also reversed during these glacial advances. The Ohio Valley is lined with deep gravel beds filled in from the glacial discharge. Your explanation of the reversal of the Missouri correlates nicely with the Ohio.
Also notice the tributaries join the Upper Ohio up stream unlike most rivers. As a field geologist drainage patterns and terraces are often a clue to underlying structure or other geologic phenomena!
This is fascinating stuff! The world is an open book to those who understand it, but no one discipline has the whole picture. Geology, oceanology, hydrology, paleontology, zoology, botany, entomology, anthropology, sociology. It takes all of the sciences to understand it all, so no one person or discipline is able to understand all of it. The sciences as a whole are just beginning to put the peices together to understand how we got to where we are. I guess it will always be an ongoing project. Then the geniuses of the right wing come along, with their bullsh*t and conspiracy theories, and claim all the scientists whoever lived were involved in a vast conspiracy to hide the "truth". That so called "truth" being the existence of aliens, who showed humans how to build civilizations and pyramids. How crazy can people get? But then these are the same people who think Trump is a good guy. They think that in hundreds of years not 1 scientist has leaked the existence of that VAST conspiracy. Neither have any of their assistants, grad students, technicians, their husbands, wives, partners and children, their hair stylists and barbers, their secretaries, typists or clerks, bartenders, auto mechanics, cleaning staff, and none of their friends or family have leaked the secret identity and methods of the plot. NONE of the millions of people who had to know about it over the years have EVER leaked a single detail of that plot! So who the ringleaders and minions are is still a gigantic mystery. This is just hilarious! And the stupidity of it is just astounding! The identities and the details of the plot that involves millions are still a secret because it doesn't exist. The right wingers are bat shit crazy, and they need to be shut down, before they take over control of the education of the children. The beautiful planet we are so lucky to live on won't last another 100 years with Trump and his best buddy Putin calling the shots, and the deluded foot soldiers of the right wing doing their bidding. The importance of people like this guy, this geology teacher, with his exceptionally good teaching skills, cannot be underestimated. He us doing us all a very important service by explaining the history of the land under our feet. I so wish it were up to me to choose the winners of the Pulitzer and Nobel Prizes! This man deserves both! 🏆🥉🎖🥈🏆
I grew up in the Northern Ohio Valley. The "flats" along the river always intrigued me. I've read a few papers concerning the reversal of the Ohio. It was precipitated by the formation of Lake Monongahela. The glaciers blocked the northern flow, and the lake got deep enough to breach a ridge and started the Ohio flowing south. There is some conflicting information on the exact point that this occurred. There's no research I can find which studies terraces for Lake Monongahela sediments in the area. One paper moved it 10 miles to the north of the earlier papers location based upon the underlying strata. However, from the drainage patterns, I think the older study is correct. I agree; drainage patterns and terraces are the key. @@corneliuswowbagger
Just north of Toronto we have the Oak Ridge Moraine, at one time they started cutting down the forest, but it all started to turn to sand dunes without the trees to draw the water up from deep below, so it's protected forest area now.
Another "OH! I get it!!" moment has occurred. You're my favorite professor Myron! What a great video and it's easy to see that you put a lot of time and effort into this one. Thanks friend!
Love these so much. Starting from some local feature and then expanding into huge areas and deep time, its almost a spiritual feeling every time (theres probably a better word for it but). Thank you!
I concur! I understand the hesitancy to use that word, but I understand what is meant by it. The power of the earth and its processes sometimes overwhelms me. There really doesn't exist in English a word that describes that feeling. Or not that I'm aware of. I can well understand why ancient people thought it was a supernatural entity. We should consider ourselves very lucky indeed when we have an opportunity to feel power of nature! Especially because it's being destroyed an an ever accelerating rate! The province of endless beauty due to the huge expenses of wilderness and forests has mowed it all down like a backyard of grass. And the Northern Boreal Forest that once covered the Precambrian Sheild in a huge swath across Canada is no longer what you could call a forest, and hasn't been since before 1982 when I flew over it. I was just stunned to see that all day long as we flew over the northern part of the provinces, there was nothing but a patchwork, as far as the eye could see in every direction. From an average altitude of around 25,000 ft (I don't know what our height actually was), there were only bare spots of clearcut everywhere, interspersed with patches of tress. But a few trees do not make a forest. Nothing bigger than a squirrel can live there, and even the remaining trees aren't likely to last long, ecosystems need a certain size to be sustainable, and the studies that have been done are woefully inaccurate. Polluted and dead rivers cannot feed vegetation, and logging roads snaking everywher bring in more than just bog trucks. Poachers, off road vehicles of all sorts, people who are careless of the land, and land developers looking for lakes they can build around are just part of the damaging numbers of people who invade what once was a beautiful wilderness! And was once a functioning part of the world's environment. The miles and miles on end of logging I witnessed were a shocker, but logging is not the only way that governments allow destruction of our special places. To me the word sacred is not at all out of place. Those places have always been sacred, even when they never saw a human being. They don't need people to be special. And now they are exceedingly rare! Both Canada and Russia, the 2 countries that are blessed with nearly all of the world's Boreal Forest, are tearing it down and the land up at an astounding rate! There exists no way for the rest of the world to stop them, even though the gifts of the forest belong to all of us! How on earth can Canada, which prides itself as being one of the most developed and forward thinking countries, lower itself to the level of Russia, a Banana Republic at the best of times, run by a caveman?! It's a shocking fact that they behave the same way, raping the land and robbing us all of the wilderness that is so precious and all of the species that meant to live there, undisturbed by human greed. An ecosystem and habitat for millions of animals and plants, including deer, elk, moose, sheep, large cats, and wolves, and some that are near extinction. The BC government has chosen to sacrifice the Spotted Owl, and the last remaining stand of old growth forest in western Canada, if not all of Canada. I've always been an atheist, and always will be. But that doesn't mean there is no room for "spiritual" feelings, for lack of a better term, or the recognition of the sacredness of places that have power. On the contrary. We need to use that type of language more and more to refer to the fact that we NEED those places and the effect they have on us. My worship of Nature is no less valid a concept than the fairy tales that other groups tell themselves about the origins of planet Earth. If there was cathedral in any of those areas, for a mile around it there would be no logging of any kind allowed. Those places are SO sacred to me. So I don't apologize for my feelings about them. I do feel the spirits of the places, and science can even explain why, for a good part of it. Science and our feelings are definately not incompatible!
@@cattymajivYou have just described what all the other eco systems on earth were like before they were encroached upon by humans. If the human population keeps expanding the uninhabited areas are going to be exploited.
@@freddymax5256...yes, until the next global ice age comes that will depopulate the Earth, at least where the ice covers, and then over the millions of years of warming and other cooling cycles too, the Fauna and Flora will once again appear and develop, then Man will also once again come into those areas. It's a cycle of life; always has been, always will be. Planet Earth will always regenerate.
The algorithm led me here. What a great format: not just facts and trivia, but a real science story with a common thread running through it. Great on-location shots too! Instant subscribe
I took a historical geology class in college as an elective. I found that class to be very interesting. I tried geology 101 with the same professor and hated it. This here is the area of geology that I find fascinating, and these videos are excellent at bringing an interested layperson along for a better understanding of our planet and the processes that have helped shape it. Myron is a master, not only of the subject matter, but also of how to effectively communicate and teach it.
Great video Mr. Myron. Thanks so much for searching for these fascinating geomorphology stories. Always look forward to your videos because I know I'll learn something new. Take care.
Your channel has been so great at exposing and showing how sedimentary processes have worked. I habe to admit that for all the geology classes I took, and all the outcrops, actually visualizing what happened remained so mysterious. Here we are many years later, butits finally staring to make sense. Thank you so much for sharing what you know....
Headwaters, in Montana, where the Gallatin, Jefferson, and Madison rivers converge to form the Missouri River is a beautiful place, an old fort, and the final resting place of some old 1800's family members. The grave sites are still somewhat preserved. The history of this country is amazing. The fort that used to be at Headwaters (if I remember correctly was called Fort Rock) was a stopping point for the famous Lewis and Clark expedition.
Myron is a true American; one that applies the principles of the enlightenment to the admiration and study of the world's beauty. Always a pleasure to watch and learn
A++ for this video, sir. Watching your work on these brings me back to my undergrad years when I sometimes got to take courses that were actually engaging and useful.
Wow! I have floated the river past Coal Banks Landing many times between Fort Benton and Judith landings. This is very interesting! Always a great video from Myron, thanks again for sharing your knowledge with us!
Oh Myron I’m so glad this” re-cycled “ on my site…I have it check marked ,so I’m delighted to be back! I spent a lot of last year in and out of hospital…so I truly watch for your work…it seems “a new river channel in my brain “-changed stations! To make sure I’m “all here” I took some tests!!-well I’m happy with 97% …pretty good return for strokes…I remembered my enjoyable times with your channel Myron…..I like your visualizing technique…Ive don’t it all my life…used it well prospecting
Excellent video Myron! As a resident of West-Central Wisconsin, I recently found out that the mighty Mississippi river changed its course (just a smidge) in my area due to glacial/interglacial cycles. Especially in the area of Trempealeau, WI where the Mississippi & Black River meet. I've always wondered why the area of Perrot State Park (some people call Trempealeau Mountain or Brady's Bluff) was there amidst a huge flat area North and Northeast of it. Apparently before the last glacial cycle, the Mississippi's main channel ran just North of the Bluff/Mountain. But during the end of the last glacial cycle, the river channel became damned and had to find a new path. Which is now just South of the Bluff in its current channel. Also of note, found out that the Black River was also an outflow river for Glacial Lake Wisconsin during the last Glacial Period! Interesting stuff! And thanks for the awesome video! I always get excited when I see you posted a new video!
Somewhat familiar with your area. Spent many afternoons years ago hiking Barn Bluff in Red Wing. Have wanted to visit the area of the Rock Elm disturbance.
I never viewed geology as something I would be interested in, then I started watching your videos. You are an amazing presenter. I can't imagine any 19yo watching your videos who wouldn't want to become a geologist because of you.
I keep saying "thanks again", again! I had not thought of how those lakes formed, but your explanation was very clear. The river terraces remind me very much of where I grew up in Eastern Oregon near the intersections of the Malheur and Payette rivers with the Snake river. The "heights" around the valley edges were the back-filled earlier river channels. My step-grandfather sold gravel form a gravel pit in the side of one of these steps above his farm. Now I understand how that geology formed. Very cool.
the entire border along the 49th parallel is a gravel pit from Boundary Bay all the way to Sumas, Wa. BUT the border is also a high ridge, the highest points in the area. AT one time it was the old route of the Fraser River. Gravel companies based in West Vancouver own huge tracts of acreage on the USA side as long term holding: it's all gravel. Yet just a mile north or a mile south you have this nice light red soil that grows great potatoes. Lynden wa. grow seed potatoes and my five acres in Custer you can grow almost anything!! Greetings from Canada.
Great lessons, classes, lectures.. neighborly chats? Exciting trip through our most recent past! Well done! Really happy you take the time, effort and expense to "widen our horizons" and give us something to think about.. Thank you!
I always enjoy your shows - I like learning new things, & never took geology in high school because my was headed for a medical career (so microbiology was the choice). But I love geology & how it now only informs us about the physical history of the earth, but how it affects & is affected by human history & prehistory. Archaeology would advance faster if they kept a geologist on their teams - lol. I'm glad the newer generations of scientists in the field are using the multiple fields of the sciences to advance our knowledge of prehistory & history. Thank you for sharing with us.
They may have been correct about the next ice age. Humans have a ridiculously short attention span, and tend to take a tiny snapshot of time and believe that snapshot to be the norm instead of the anomaly.
@@slartybarfastb3648, not in our lifetimes. We’re about to enter a solar maxima and the rest of the ice caps will melt. For another thousand or so years it will be hot as hell and then we’ll start the next ice age.
@@lordchaa1598 Exactly my point. None of this hot or cold will occur in our lifetimes. Though it would be the hot, if either, as the spike of solar activity has already reached it's peak. This cycle ends in two years. Then eleven years of greatly decreased activity following a trend toward a long term minimum. We:re now at the peak of solar heating for potentially thousands of years to come.
@@slartybarfastb3648 , unfortunately we’ve already created the feedback loop to trap that heat for a while via air pollution. Though we can’t explain the recent spikes in methane to humans, it was our CO2 emissions that brought us to this point of melting. Now the loop is self sustaining even without our emissions.
Another great one Myron! There are moraine type structures on the old Stillwell Ranch in West Texas that I understand were made by ocean waves not glaciers. Can you do a video on such structures?
I still remember driving west across the northern States seeing the mighty rivers that shaped the landscapes of the continental interior! The Mississippi, Missouri a Milk are to this day shaping the landscapes. Making it to Glacier National Park I seen the places where unimaginable forces shaped the land. I will never forget this! Thank you Myron for teaching us about geological features and the reasons for them.
Thanks a bunch for another very informative video. Appreciate the time you give to filming. Living in England I have only been to the area on a few occasions so these vids help me to understand the landscapes better. Cheers.
It might be worth noting that the Milk River still flows into the Missouri today and doesn't flow into the Hudson's Bay anymore. It was cool having a part of the Canada drain into the Gulf of Mexico when I lived in southern Alberta.
Another great geologic video! Having lived in Montana for many years ( I did my undergrad at MSU in Bozeman), and traveled in the same areas you covered was a very good explanition of the formation of glacier moraines. I recall that we looked at moraines in the Georgetown Lake area in western MT. I hope you had some time to take advantage of the excellent trout fishing on the rivers you visited!
Sometimes the history of the Earth is more exciting and fascinating than any fantasy book that can be conceived of. Thank you so much for sharing and teaching.
Another exciting episode of detective geologist! I love to see the way you put the clues together into a story. 2 questions since we have relatively short interglacial periods between the long periods of glaciation. How long does it take for the entire 2-mile-thick icesheet to melt away? Also, on the kettle lakes How long do the big ice chunks last are the lakes formed in a single season of outwash and the block melts away or does it take several years? Appreciate what you do and look forward to every video! Thanks!
@@myroncook what's your stance on Randall Carlson and his theory about glaciers trapping melt water, then something catastrophic happening and releasing the melt water suddenly?
@@myroncook so you're dismissing it out of hand because "he didn't come up with the theory"?? (If you asked him, that is exactly what he would say your reaction is going to be.)
@@danelynch7171where did you come up with Myron dismissing it out of hand just because Randall didn’t come up with the theory? Myron just pointed out the fact that Randall didn’t come up with the theory and that Randall took it to the next level on the size of the floods. When both are true, how is that dismissing it out of hand? I have the feeling that you would have posted something similar to your reply with any answer that Myron gave that didn’t praise Randall. The theory about glaciers trapping melt water followed by catastrophic flooding was proposed by J Harlen Bretz in 1925 and Randall’s interpretation of how large the floods had to be are much larger than what others studying this topic think. Nothing Myron said in his reply was out of order or dismissive, you were predisposed to a negative response so you saw a negative response where there was none. By the way, I am a huge fan of Randall, his Kosmographia, Graham H and many others that look beyond what mainstream science is telling us. I also think that Randall’s views on the flooding are closer to what really happened than what we’re being told. I don’t know much about Myron and have only seen one of his other videos. He might be way off on his view on the Missoula Floods too but either way, you overreacted to his response and make fans of Randall look like overly sensitive idiots. I’m starting to understand why people look at me like I’m crazy when I bring up Randall now.
One of my favorite childhood vacations was to Moraine State Park, a short 45 miles or so (72 km) North of Pittsburgh, PA. Geology was a big part of our vacations: we learned to spot anticlines and synclines and moraines and glacial lakes. With your delightfully calm videos and almost giggly excitement about geology, you are the Bob Ross of Geology, and I mean that in the best possible way.
So informative.... we live in the Roaring Fork Valley between Aspen and Greenwood Springs, Colorado. In viewing this video, I now know our new house is built on an older terrace. All of our area is underlaid by 50-150 feet of river / glacial cobbles interspersed with car and truck sized erratics. It's a very stable base (other than the occasional sink hole resulting from 250 million year old salt deposits further down... always lurking). But yes, the terraces you describe are everywhere in this valley. Thank you again for the continuing education.
I just found your channel last week & am having a blast watching your videos. I have always had a passing interest in geology but you sir are making it fun! You have hit the sweet spot of making it interesting at any level.
I live on the Lower Rhine river valley in Germany and I’ve always wondered why there were so many gravel mines here. I always knew it had something to do with the river as some of the mines are directly on the banks but now I understand the exact mechanism! Thanks for the video.
I LOVE Geology!! I just discovered your channel, Dr. Cook, and am currently binge watching your videos. Great job on explaining/teaching what you are talking about in the videos. Thank you and keep up the great work of bringing your knowledge of Geology to everyone!
The Hudson Bay does not appear on some of the older maps, suggesting that "something" recent hollowed it out?! Will we ever learn the true history about our planet???
@@treasurehuntingnewyork5979 I've also wondered about the bizarre transformation of Eurasia from ancient maps to present times, all the way back to Ptolemy.
@@hashkangaroo there were some old residents living on the shores of lake ontario that claim in there lifetime a shoal off the coast was at one time an island so in there 80 years they saw an island eroded away in a tiny geologic time frame
Thank-you Myron. I was visiting North Dakota for a funeral last month (near Crosby) and your description of those small kettle lakes and that geology was wonderful & insightful.
Bringing geology to the masses! The more people know about this planet. The better our future will be! Thank you Myron for your contribution to furthering the study of geology! I actually know most of the knowledge you share on your channel... But I always learn something new... And enjoy your presentation of the material.
Just wanted to tell you I really enjoy your videos. I have been fascinated by geology since I was a kid and saw pumice floating. Thank you for your time and effort.
Great story. I jumped to the conclusion of the ice sheets, but you walked through the evidence and gave us a broader story of the evolution of river valleys.
I can't believe how wonderfully clear you explained this concept. I thought it was going to be something dull, like isostatic (sp?) rebound, but no, this was absolutely captivating! Thank you.
Recently discovered your channel, truly amazing information and visuals, it shows how much you love what you do and naturally comes out beautiful, it's a gem for the curious, appreciated.
Fascinating video. As soon as you mentioned Moraine's and Kettle lakes all the knowledge I learned from the books I got as a kid on the Oak Ridge Moraine all came back. The Oak Ridge I always found fascinating, it was the boundary from all the cities along Lake Ontario and Cottage country. Everything north of the ridge slowly showed the Canadian Shield rocks. And from atop of ridge you could get a clear view of the CN Tower. It was stuff like what you showed and the Oak Ridge that if I was to be a Scientist, it would be a Geologist. Thanks for all the amazing knowledge.
Fantastic content and well done video. I went to college in Havre, MT. Seeing those shots brought back fun memories. Lots of dino fossils and buffalo jumps around the Milk River.
Absolutely fascinating! Thank you so much. When you showed the current glaciers with their moraines, I imagined my home town area in Minnesota looking like that, because we live in a completely glacially sculpted area with moraines, eskers and thousands of lakes. Wow- it’s hard to imagine a thousand foot ice cliff looming overhead right here! Your videos are very much appreciated! ❤
I learned some basic principles in school, and I've always observed what I can. I've also watched a certain part of the Canadian shield, and forest, change over 50 years. Bare rock is now grassland. I can also see the future of some things. Fascinating! Now I know more.
Sometimes I love RUclips, suddenly it offered me this video and now I'm hooked. I know absolutely nothing about geology but Myron made it easy to understand and now I have subscribed I can't wait to look at the previous videos. Thank you Myron.
Germany is the country of end moraines. Nearly all European glaciations ended there. From Scandinavia came the big ice sheets from the north. And in the south smaller ice sheets came from the Alps. Not far away from where I live we have these typical sickle shaped parallel hills that you showed in the video.
Spectacular video as always, thank you so much for sharing! I've watched every video you've made, they are informative and interesting; please keep making videos!!
As a Missourian turned British Columbian, this was one of the most fascinating portions of my Fishers degree. The contribution of the Milk and Missouri Rivers' intermingling to Western Canada's fish diversity is fascinating. The further damming and shifting of river systems by glaciation and ice dams can be tracked through the fishs' genetics. Thank you for so clearly explaining this from a geological perspective!
Thanks!
❤❤❤❤
and theres are still morons that think some bronze age sky god made this earth 5000 year ago.
I'd watch another video about the impact on the evolution of fish Canada ( :
A Missiorian that is jealous, BC sounds like heaven!
I grew up on a river terrace near the Carpathians where digging down only a couple feet would reveal a thick layer of gravel and smooth boulders but it never crossed my mind that the landscape I'm so familiar with could be the result of ancient glaciers. I'm a forestry major and your videos are my favorite way to learn about geology, thank you!
I've never been interested in geology, but you, Myron, are my new favorite teacher. Also, the American West is among the most beautiful backdrops one can use to keep viewers interested.
I love to hear that!!!!!
What a great lesson by a person who enjoys this line of work and has the biggest smile sharing the geological history of the Missouri River system.
I've canoed the Missouri several times starting at Coal Banks. I knew the River turns south there but never thought about why. Now I know. I also lived a few years in the prairie pot hole region of ND north of the Missouri. Hundreds and hundreds of pot holes with no creeks or rivers to speak of. All the runoff is into the potholes. Thanks Myron.
Better than the eastern portion of the state that is flat as a pancake. The land has some character. I grew up in Bismarck!
Your comment just blew my mind. I continue to be awestruck by the interconnected nature of... well, nature.
M. Cook your enthusiasm is contagious👍 in Alaska the braided rivers spread over vast areas...in between the glacial melt waters and farther north the eroding permafrost.
Very cool!
I marvel at your knowledge and I appreciate the topics you bring to us. I feel so much smarter for watching your videos. Thank you for the effort you put into these!
I have watched a lot of geologists and you are my favourite teacher. You have a great way of communicating information in an interesting way to those of without a geology degree. Others I see mostly quote statistics.
Best judicious use of drone photography I've ever experienced. Bravo!.
I'm a keen hiker in the UK, places like the Lake District, Peak District, Snowdonia and the Scottish Highlands...I've always been fascinated by the different rock types, river systems, mountain formations etc as I walk, I have to thank you Myron for the wealth of information and knowlodge you're passing on, it truly is amazing how a mountain scene begins to form an understandable picture after watching you carry out your field work. I thank you again, you're an excellent tutor.
Thanks for sharing!
I appreciate the time it must take to create these videos. Thank you for driving to theses special spots. From the drone, the Google Earth shots and my favorite white board, you make terrific content. I just love the story of earth!
Several years ago, I had flown extensively over this area while piloting fixed and rotary wing aircraft. As you point out, the evidence is there in the landforms and river course. Very nice explanation!
VERY interesting! I think your analysis deserves a “Wow!” 👍
Glad you think so!
I live in British Columbia where the headwaters of the Columbia River are. Many years ago I fished there for Trout and Rocky Mtn Whitefish and it’s only about 50ft wide and a few feet deep. Some places in Oregon it’s 1000 ft deep and 1 1/2 miles wide at that point. I’ve also been to the headwaters of the Mississippi in Minnesota and it’s just a stream. So are the Assiniboine, Red and north and south Saskatchewan rivers. If I hadn’t seen all those sources I would have never thought they started that small.
Another amazing fact is that the Canadian prairies were once covered by Lake Agassiz and at a small Manitoba town one shore of this massive lake is still visible.
The course of the Ohio River was also reversed during these glacial advances. The Ohio Valley is lined with deep gravel beds filled in from the glacial discharge. Your explanation of the reversal of the Missouri correlates nicely with the Ohio.
Also notice the tributaries join the Upper Ohio up stream unlike most rivers. As a field geologist drainage patterns and terraces are often a clue to underlying structure or other geologic phenomena!
This is fascinating stuff! The world is an open book to those who understand it, but no one discipline has the whole picture. Geology, oceanology, hydrology, paleontology, zoology, botany, entomology, anthropology, sociology. It takes all of the sciences to understand it all, so no one person or discipline is able to understand all of it. The sciences as a whole are just beginning to put the peices together to understand how we got to where we are. I guess it will always be an ongoing project.
Then the geniuses of the right wing come along, with their bullsh*t and conspiracy theories, and claim all the scientists whoever lived were involved in a vast conspiracy to hide the "truth". That so called "truth" being the existence of aliens, who showed humans how to build civilizations and pyramids. How crazy can people get? But then these are the same people who think Trump is a good guy.
They think that in hundreds of years not 1 scientist has leaked the existence of that VAST conspiracy. Neither have any of their assistants, grad students, technicians, their husbands, wives, partners and children, their hair stylists and barbers, their secretaries, typists or clerks, bartenders, auto mechanics, cleaning staff, and none of their friends or family have leaked the secret identity and methods of the plot. NONE of the millions of people who had to know about it over the years have EVER leaked a single detail of that plot! So who the ringleaders and minions are is still a gigantic mystery.
This is just hilarious! And the stupidity of it is just astounding! The identities and the details of the plot that involves millions are still a secret because it doesn't exist. The right wingers are bat shit crazy, and they need to be shut down, before they take over control of the education of the children. The beautiful planet we are so lucky to live on won't last another 100 years with Trump and his best buddy Putin calling the shots, and the deluded foot soldiers of the right wing doing their bidding.
The importance of people like this guy, this geology teacher, with his exceptionally good teaching skills, cannot be underestimated. He us doing us all a very important service by explaining the history of the land under our feet. I so wish it were up to me to choose the winners of the Pulitzer and Nobel Prizes! This man deserves both!
🏆🥉🎖🥈🏆
The Allegheny also flowed backwards
The Foxx River is still flowing backwards!
I grew up in the Northern Ohio Valley. The "flats" along the river always intrigued me. I've read a few papers concerning the reversal of the Ohio. It was precipitated by the formation of Lake Monongahela. The glaciers blocked the northern flow, and the lake got deep enough to breach a ridge and started the Ohio flowing south. There is some conflicting information on the exact point that this occurred. There's no research I can find which studies terraces for Lake Monongahela sediments in the area. One paper moved it 10 miles to the north of the earlier papers location based upon the underlying strata. However, from the drainage patterns, I think the older study is correct. I agree; drainage patterns and terraces are the key. @@corneliuswowbagger
Just north of Toronto we have the Oak Ridge Moraine, at one time they started cutting down the forest, but it all started to turn to sand dunes without the trees to draw the water up from deep below, so it's protected forest area now.
Another "OH! I get it!!" moment has occurred. You're my favorite professor Myron! What a great video and it's easy to see that you put a lot of time and effort into this one. Thanks friend!
Love these so much. Starting from some local feature and then expanding into huge areas and deep time, its almost a spiritual feeling every time (theres probably a better word for it but). Thank you!
Well said
I concur! I understand the hesitancy to use that word, but I understand what is meant by it. The power of the earth and its processes sometimes overwhelms me.
There really doesn't exist in English a word that describes that feeling. Or not that I'm aware of. I can well understand why ancient people thought it was a supernatural entity.
We should consider ourselves very lucky indeed when we have an opportunity to feel power of nature! Especially because it's being destroyed an an ever accelerating rate! The province of endless beauty due to the huge expenses of wilderness and forests has mowed it all down like a backyard of grass. And the Northern Boreal Forest that once covered the Precambrian Sheild in a huge swath across Canada is no longer what you could call a forest, and hasn't been since before 1982 when I flew over it.
I was just stunned to see that all day long as we flew over the northern part of the provinces, there was nothing but a patchwork, as far as the eye could see in every direction. From an average altitude of around 25,000 ft (I don't know what our height actually was), there were only bare spots of clearcut everywhere, interspersed with patches of tress. But a few trees do not make a forest. Nothing bigger than a squirrel can live there, and even the remaining trees aren't likely to last long, ecosystems need a certain size to be sustainable, and the studies that have been done are woefully inaccurate. Polluted and dead rivers cannot feed vegetation, and logging roads snaking everywher bring in more than just bog trucks.
Poachers, off road vehicles of all sorts, people who are careless of the land, and land developers looking for lakes they can build around are just part of the damaging numbers of people who invade what once was a beautiful wilderness! And was once a functioning part of the world's environment.
The miles and miles on end of logging I witnessed were a shocker, but logging is not the only way that governments allow destruction of our special places. To me the word sacred is not at all out of place. Those places have always been sacred, even when they never saw a human being. They don't need people to be special. And now they are exceedingly rare!
Both Canada and Russia, the 2 countries that are blessed with nearly all of the world's Boreal Forest, are tearing it down and the land up at an astounding rate! There exists no way for the rest of the world to stop them, even though the gifts of the forest belong to all of us! How on earth can Canada, which prides itself as being one of the most developed and forward thinking countries, lower itself to the level of Russia, a Banana Republic at the best of times, run by a caveman?! It's a shocking fact that they behave the same way, raping the land and robbing us all of the wilderness that is so precious and all of the species that meant to live there, undisturbed by human greed.
An ecosystem and habitat for millions of animals and plants, including deer, elk, moose, sheep, large cats, and wolves, and some that are near extinction. The BC government has chosen to sacrifice the Spotted Owl, and the last remaining stand of old growth forest in western Canada, if not all of Canada.
I've always been an atheist, and always will be. But that doesn't mean there is no room for "spiritual" feelings, for lack of a better term, or the recognition of the sacredness of places that have power. On the contrary. We need to use that type of language more and more to refer to the fact that we NEED those places and the effect they have on us. My worship of Nature is no less valid a concept than the fairy tales that other groups tell themselves about the origins of planet Earth. If there was cathedral in any of those areas, for a mile around it there would be no logging of any kind allowed.
Those places are SO sacred to me. So I don't apologize for my feelings about them. I do feel the spirits of the places, and science can even explain why, for a good part of it. Science and our feelings are definately not incompatible!
@@cattymajivYou have just described what all the other eco systems on earth were like before they were encroached upon by humans. If the human population keeps expanding the uninhabited areas are going to be exploited.
@@freddymax5256...yes, until the next global ice age comes that will depopulate the Earth, at least where the ice covers, and then over the millions of years of warming and other cooling cycles too, the Fauna and Flora will once again appear and develop, then Man will also once again come into those areas. It's a cycle of life; always has been, always will be. Planet Earth will always regenerate.
@@cattymajivthis is potentially the best piece of writing I’ve ever come across
The algorithm led me here. What a great format: not just facts and trivia, but a real science story with a common thread running through it. Great on-location shots too! Instant subscribe
thanks!
I took a historical geology class in college as an elective. I found that class to be very interesting. I tried geology 101 with the same professor and hated it. This here is the area of geology that I find fascinating, and these videos are excellent at bringing an interested layperson along for a better understanding of our planet and the processes that have helped shape it. Myron is a master, not only of the subject matter, but also of how to effectively communicate and teach it.
Great video Mr. Myron. Thanks so much for searching for these fascinating geomorphology stories. Always look forward to your videos because I know I'll learn something new. Take care.
Your channel has been so great at exposing and showing how sedimentary processes have worked. I habe to admit that for all the geology classes I took, and all the outcrops, actually visualizing what happened remained so mysterious. Here we are many years later, butits finally staring to make sense. Thank you so much for sharing what you know....
Headwaters, in Montana, where the Gallatin, Jefferson, and Madison rivers converge to form the Missouri River is a beautiful place, an old fort, and the final resting place of some old 1800's family members. The grave sites are still somewhat preserved. The history of this country is amazing.
The fort that used to be at Headwaters (if I remember correctly was called Fort Rock) was a stopping point for the famous Lewis and Clark expedition.
Suspicious Observers /// YT, the other forces at work… NXT level history modifier / 12k cycles
Myron is a true American; one that applies the principles of the enlightenment to the admiration and study of the world's beauty. Always a pleasure to watch and learn
This was one of the best lessons on geology I’ve seen on RUclips! Thank you!
Wow, thank you!
These are indeed some great lessons.
I paid attention in high school, but this is new to me.
That was very educational, Myron. I had never considered that the rivers would have been pushed south. It makes complete sense.
A++ for this video, sir. Watching your work on these brings me back to my undergrad years when I sometimes got to take courses that were actually engaging and useful.
Wow! I have floated the river past Coal Banks Landing many times between Fort Benton and Judith landings. This is very interesting! Always a great video from Myron, thanks again for sharing your knowledge with us!
Oh Myron I’m so glad this” re-cycled “ on my site…I have it check marked ,so I’m delighted to be back! I spent a lot of last year in and out of hospital…so I truly watch for your work…it seems “a new river channel in my brain “-changed stations! To make sure I’m “all here” I took some tests!!-well I’m happy with 97% …pretty good return for strokes…I remembered my enjoyable times with your channel Myron…..I like your visualizing technique…Ive don’t it all my life…used it well prospecting
I'm glad to hear you have recovered so well
Excellent video Myron!
As a resident of West-Central Wisconsin, I recently found out that the mighty Mississippi river changed its course (just a smidge) in my area due to glacial/interglacial cycles. Especially in the area of Trempealeau, WI where the Mississippi & Black River meet. I've always wondered why the area of Perrot State Park (some people call Trempealeau Mountain or Brady's Bluff) was there amidst a huge flat area North and Northeast of it. Apparently before the last glacial cycle, the Mississippi's main channel ran just North of the Bluff/Mountain. But during the end of the last glacial cycle, the river channel became damned and had to find a new path. Which is now just South of the Bluff in its current channel.
Also of note, found out that the Black River was also an outflow river for Glacial Lake Wisconsin during the last Glacial Period!
Interesting stuff! And thanks for the awesome video! I always get excited when I see you posted a new video!
Somewhat familiar with your area. Spent many afternoons years ago hiking Barn Bluff in Red Wing.
Have wanted to visit the area of the Rock Elm disturbance.
I never viewed geology as something I would be interested in, then I started watching your videos.
You are an amazing presenter. I can't imagine any 19yo watching your videos who wouldn't want to become a geologist because of you.
Wow, thank you!
Another great video Doctor! Thanks for taking the time and effort that goes into these. Already looking forward to the next one.
hats off to you, exceptionally well presented, you are a very effective teacher.
I keep saying "thanks again", again! I had not thought of how those lakes formed, but your explanation was very clear. The river terraces remind me very much of where I grew up in Eastern Oregon near the intersections of the Malheur and Payette rivers with the Snake river. The "heights" around the valley edges were the back-filled earlier river channels. My step-grandfather sold gravel form a gravel pit in the side of one of these steps above his farm. Now I understand how that geology formed. Very cool.
the entire border along the 49th parallel is a gravel pit from Boundary Bay all the way to Sumas, Wa. BUT the border is also a high ridge, the highest points in the area. AT one time it was the old route of the Fraser River. Gravel companies based in West Vancouver own huge tracts of acreage on the USA side as long term holding: it's all gravel. Yet just a mile north or a mile south you have this nice light red soil that grows great potatoes. Lynden wa. grow seed potatoes and my five acres in Custer you can grow almost anything!! Greetings from Canada.
Great lessons, classes, lectures.. neighborly chats? Exciting trip through our most recent past! Well done! Really happy you take the time, effort and expense to "widen our horizons" and give us something to think about.. Thank you!
Thank you! 😃
I never knew this. What a great geology lesson professor!
I always enjoy your shows - I like learning new things, & never took geology in high school because my was headed for a medical career (so microbiology was the choice). But I love geology & how it now only informs us about the physical history of the earth, but how it affects & is affected by human history & prehistory. Archaeology would advance faster if they kept a geologist on their teams - lol. I'm glad the newer generations of scientists in the field are using the multiple fields of the sciences to advance our knowledge of prehistory & history.
Thank you for sharing with us.
I survived the looming Ice Age scare of the 1970's. Got the T-shirt to prove it. 😁
They may have been correct about the next ice age. Humans have a ridiculously short attention span, and tend to take a tiny snapshot of time and believe that snapshot to be the norm instead of the anomaly.
I remember that as a child.
@@slartybarfastb3648, not in our lifetimes. We’re about to enter a solar maxima and the rest of the ice caps will melt. For another thousand or so years it will be hot as hell and then we’ll start the next ice age.
@@lordchaa1598 Exactly my point. None of this hot or cold will occur in our lifetimes. Though it would be the hot, if either, as the spike of solar activity has already reached it's peak. This cycle ends in two years. Then eleven years of greatly decreased activity following a trend toward a long term minimum. We:re now at the peak of solar heating for potentially thousands of years to come.
@@slartybarfastb3648 , unfortunately we’ve already created the feedback loop to trap that heat for a while via air pollution. Though we can’t explain the recent spikes in methane to humans, it was our CO2 emissions that brought us to this point of melting. Now the loop is self sustaining even without our emissions.
As a kid I grew up in Wisconsin and remember Kettle Moraine Stae Forest. This video turned the light on for me. Great as always Myron.
Another great one Myron! There are moraine type structures on the old Stillwell Ranch in West Texas that I understand were made by ocean waves not glaciers. Can you do a video on such structures?
and maybe chevrons from Tsunamis too?
Sounds like old sand bars involving currents, waves, and wind transport of sand.
I still remember driving west across the northern States seeing the mighty rivers that shaped the landscapes of the continental interior! The Mississippi, Missouri a Milk are to this day shaping the landscapes. Making it to Glacier National Park I seen the places where unimaginable forces shaped the land. I will never forget this! Thank you Myron for teaching us about geological features and the reasons for them.
Thanks a bunch for another very informative video. Appreciate the time you give to filming. Living in England I have only been to the area on a few occasions so these vids help me to understand the landscapes better. Cheers.
My pleasure!
Most people don't know how powerful water can be.Geology has always facinated me. Thank you.
So true!
It might be worth noting that the Milk River still flows into the Missouri today and doesn't flow into the Hudson's Bay anymore. It was cool having a part of the Canada drain into the Gulf of Mexico when I lived in southern Alberta.
So interesting! And, every one of the places you visited was enchantingly beautiful. I need to update my travel list. Thanks, Myron. ❤❤
Another great geologic video! Having lived in Montana for many years ( I did my undergrad at MSU in Bozeman), and traveled in the same areas you covered was a very good explanition of the formation of glacier moraines. I recall that we looked at moraines in the Georgetown Lake area in western MT.
I hope you had some time to take advantage of the excellent trout fishing on the rivers you visited!
no time for fishing....darn!
Sometimes the history of the Earth is more exciting and fascinating than any fantasy book that can be conceived of. Thank you so much for sharing and teaching.
Couldn't agree more!
Another exciting episode of detective geologist! I love to see the way you put the clues together into a story. 2 questions since we have relatively short interglacial periods between the long periods of glaciation. How long does it take for the entire 2-mile-thick icesheet to melt away? Also, on the kettle lakes How long do the big ice chunks last are the lakes formed in a single season of outwash and the block melts away or does it take several years? Appreciate what you do and look forward to every video! Thanks!
Not sure on the melting of the ice sheet....guess several hundred. It could take a few years for the ice blocks to melt
@@myroncook what's your stance on Randall Carlson and his theory about glaciers trapping melt water, then something catastrophic happening and releasing the melt water suddenly?
There is nothing new about this theory...he didn't come up with it. However, he does take it to the next level on the size of the floods
@@myroncook so you're dismissing it out of hand because "he didn't come up with the theory"?? (If you asked him, that is exactly what he would say your reaction is going to be.)
@@danelynch7171where did you come up with Myron dismissing it out of hand just because Randall didn’t come up with the theory? Myron just pointed out the fact that Randall didn’t come up with the theory and that Randall took it to the next level on the size of the floods. When both are true, how is that dismissing it out of hand? I have the feeling that you would have posted something similar to your reply with any answer that Myron gave that didn’t praise Randall.
The theory about glaciers trapping melt water followed by catastrophic flooding was proposed by J Harlen Bretz in 1925 and Randall’s interpretation of how large the floods had to be are much larger than what others studying this topic think. Nothing Myron said in his reply was out of order or dismissive, you were predisposed to a negative response so you saw a negative response where there was none.
By the way, I am a huge fan of Randall, his Kosmographia, Graham H and many others that look beyond what mainstream science is telling us. I also think that Randall’s views on the flooding are closer to what really happened than what we’re being told. I don’t know much about Myron and have only seen one of his other videos. He might be way off on his view on the Missoula Floods too but either way, you overreacted to his response and make fans of Randall look like overly sensitive idiots. I’m starting to understand why people look at me like I’m crazy when I bring up Randall now.
One of my favorite childhood vacations was to Moraine State Park, a short 45 miles or so (72 km) North of Pittsburgh, PA. Geology was a big part of our vacations: we learned to spot anticlines and synclines and moraines and glacial lakes. With your delightfully calm videos and almost giggly excitement about geology, you are the Bob Ross of Geology, and I mean that in the best possible way.
Thank you!
Im gonna learn something today ❤thank you
So informative.... we live in the Roaring Fork Valley between Aspen and Greenwood Springs, Colorado. In viewing this video, I now know our new house is built on an older terrace. All of our area is underlaid by 50-150 feet of river / glacial cobbles interspersed with car and truck sized erratics. It's a very stable base (other than the occasional sink hole resulting from 250 million year old salt deposits further down... always lurking). But yes, the terraces you describe are everywhere in this valley. Thank you again for the continuing education.
Thanks for making sense of all this weird earth lasagna.
I just found your channel last week & am having a blast watching your videos. I have always had a passing interest in geology but you sir are making it fun! You have hit the sweet spot of making it interesting at any level.
Glad you like them!
world class content
Brilliant Myron keep them coming.
Love your content! :)
Myron Cook’s videos are so good and so informative. Thank you.
When you look and listen to this man you have to ask yourself how did Donald John trumph get a degree.
Don't mind me, I'm just feeding the algorithm.
I live on the Lower Rhine river valley in Germany and I’ve always wondered why there were so many gravel mines here. I always knew it had something to do with the river as some of the mines are directly on the banks but now I understand the exact mechanism! Thanks for the video.
Thank you foe using feet and miles
I love learning from Myron.
I'm glad you do!
Myron, that is crazy. You’ve gone too far now.
I LOVE Geology!! I just discovered your channel, Dr. Cook, and am currently binge watching your videos. Great job on explaining/teaching what you are talking about in the videos. Thank you and keep up the great work of bringing your knowledge of Geology to everyone!
The Hudson Bay does not appear on some of the older maps, suggesting that "something" recent hollowed it out?! Will we ever learn the true history about our planet???
So does Australia. Does that suggest anything to you?
Ive often wondered about the bizzare transformation of north america from older maps to present times
@@treasurehuntingnewyork5979 I've also wondered about the bizarre transformation of Eurasia from ancient maps to present times, all the way back to Ptolemy.
yea
@@hashkangaroo there were some old residents living on the shores of lake ontario that claim in there lifetime a shoal off the coast was at one time an island so in there 80 years they saw an island eroded away in a tiny geologic time frame
Thank-you Myron. I was visiting North Dakota for a funeral last month (near Crosby) and your description of those small kettle lakes and that geology was wonderful & insightful.
If you're not a teacher you should be
Mr Cook is teaching more students here than he ever could in a classroom.
Isn’t he currently teaching in the video?
Happy little mistakes lol good luck🌸
Excellent content Myron. It’s videos like this that really spark my interest in geology.
Thank you for the video Mr cook I find stuff like this very interesting 👍👍👍
Very interesting! Subscribed! Now to get the ice maker in my fridge working properly again.
Bringing geology to the masses! The more people know about this planet. The better our future will be! Thank you Myron for your contribution to furthering the study of geology!
I actually know most of the knowledge you share on your channel... But I always learn something new... And enjoy your presentation of the material.
Thank you
Just wanted to tell you I really enjoy your videos. I have been fascinated by geology since I was a kid and saw pumice floating. Thank you for your time and effort.
That is awesome!
Great story. I jumped to the conclusion of the ice sheets, but you walked through the evidence and gave us a broader story of the evolution of river valleys.
I can't believe how wonderfully clear you explained this concept. I thought it was going to be something dull, like isostatic (sp?) rebound, but no, this was absolutely captivating! Thank you.
I'm a novice at geology and find these videos to be super helpful with learning the applied terminology.
Great video!! I've always found the glaciation of North America interesting. Would love to see more on this subject and what they left behind.
Thank You Myron, you craft the story and image so clearly...
Thank you for explaining the history of geology
Recently discovered your channel, truly amazing information and visuals, it shows how much you love what you do and naturally comes out beautiful, it's a gem for the curious, appreciated.
Fascinating video. As soon as you mentioned Moraine's and Kettle lakes all the knowledge I learned from the books I got as a kid on the Oak Ridge Moraine all came back. The Oak Ridge I always found fascinating, it was the boundary from all the cities along Lake Ontario and Cottage country. Everything north of the ridge slowly showed the Canadian Shield rocks. And from atop of ridge you could get a clear view of the CN Tower.
It was stuff like what you showed and the Oak Ridge that if I was to be a Scientist, it would be a Geologist.
Thanks for all the amazing knowledge.
Thanks for your story
Most exciting and educational presentation. Thank you Myron. Good Job
Thank you for the presentation. Geology is well understood through the visual, and you do an excellant job of it.
Many thanks!
another truly fantastic video, Myron! Thank you! Your enthusiasm is contagious!
Oh my, I live there! What a great video! Thank you!
Thanks Myron! Great explanations and visuals!
Glad you liked it!
Loving every single one of your videos and so informative!
Glad you like them!
Fantastic content and well done video. I went to college in Havre, MT. Seeing those shots brought back fun memories. Lots of dino fossils and buffalo jumps around the Milk River.
Thank you for helping us make sense of the landscapes we enjoy seeing around us, to see nature through the eyes of a scientist is so exciting.
Absolutely fascinating! Thank you so much. When you showed the current glaciers with their moraines, I imagined my home town area in Minnesota looking like that, because we live in a completely glacially sculpted area with moraines, eskers and thousands of lakes. Wow- it’s hard to imagine a thousand foot ice cliff looming overhead right here! Your videos are very much appreciated! ❤
Wonderful!
I am so getting Wild America Vides from this presenter. Thank You Sir!!
Oh, Highly Esteemed Sir Myron Cook! Thank ye for that wonderful lesson in Geology!
This might be my new favorite video. Every part of it was so delightful.
I learned some basic principles in school, and I've always observed what I can. I've also watched a certain part of the Canadian shield, and forest, change over 50 years. Bare rock is now grassland. I can also see the future of some things.
Fascinating! Now I know more.
Myron, thank you for helping to produce the one significant upside to the otherwise disastrous consequences of this technology.
Sometimes I love RUclips, suddenly it offered me this video and now I'm hooked. I know absolutely nothing about geology but Myron made it easy to understand and now I have subscribed I can't wait to look at the previous videos. Thank you Myron.
awesome!!!!
Another great video! I would love to hear your insights on the Unaweep Canyon in western Colorado near the Utah border.
thank you for this informative video myron
Another great one, thank you yet again Myron! And keep it up, I can't get enough!
Glad you enjoy it!
Germany is the country of end moraines. Nearly all European glaciations ended there. From Scandinavia came the big ice sheets from the north. And in the south smaller ice sheets came from the Alps. Not far away from where I live we have these typical sickle shaped parallel hills that you showed in the video.
Myron, this was one of your best! Thank you so much for teaching us.
Spectacular video as always, thank you so much for sharing! I've watched every video you've made, they are informative and interesting; please keep making videos!!
Glad you like them!