My old grandad use to say. The black barbershop was like a sacred place. After all week of being called boy and racist words. It was one of the few places that you could be yourself and feel respected and have dignity.
Thank you for this informative part of history that some/most of us haven't heard of. Your narration is also truly captivating; thus, I'll do a rewatch because of the invaluable information that you have provided, which I need to retain. Thanks again for the upliftment and enlightenment. God bless🙏
Interestingly the Nation of Islam mosque in Houston Tx got it start in a Barbershop in the early 1950s. In the early days they were called Temples but later referred to as Mosque. And the mosque was later officially recognized and given the number 45
Thank you for producing this video. This is a very rich history. Two of my ancestors were barbers. I would like to add to the story with mention of my great great-grandfather the Rev. Lewis Woodson (1806-1872) and his youngest son. Lewis Woodson was born in a part of Virginia, that is now West Virginia. His father was the first son of Sally Hemings and he became a successful farmer in Ohio. Over time he bought 382 of intensely cultivated farmland. Thomas and Jemima Woodson raised eleven children. Lewis joined the African Methodist Episcopal church (AME) as a minister. He moved to Pittsburgh where is practiced ministry but also taught school and opened a barbershop. Lewis Woodson was a founder of Wilberforce University in Ohio, which is an AME institution. It was the first college or university to be owned by black Americans. Lewis Woodson was an abolitionist, and some historians consider him to be the Father of Black Nationalism, because of the efficacy of some of his writings. Granville S. Woodson (1840-1881) owned two barbershops and was a landlord as well. He was a leader of the National Equal Rights League. In 1851 Lewis Woodson and one of his sons helped to organize a celebration of emancipation in the West Indies. The celebration took place in Pittsburgh. After the American Civil War two of Lewis's sons helped to organize two parades in Pittsburgh, that were used to celebrate the 13th and 15th Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. Granville Woodson kept copies of two posters that were produced to advertise the parades. They had hung in his barbershop in the 1870s. His widow preserved the posters. I offered the posters to the Heinz History Center (HHC) in Pittsburgh, which initially rejected my offer. Years later, in 2014, after HHC hired a black American curator, I was able to donate the posters. The HHC has published an article about the posters and has displayed images of them in the museum. The posters are likely the oldest surviving posters to come out of a black American barbershop. Black America has a written history. It has to be researched by black Americans. I found a petition that one of my ancestors filed in a court in Bucks County, PA in 1739, because I made the effort to dig into my family roots. Lewis Woodson's history is found in The Search for Black Nationality by Floyd Miller and in A President in the Family by Byron Woodson. -------------- Corretta Scoot King said that freedom is never really won, that every generation has to fight for it. -- Every generation has to fight to preserve black American history as well, because otherwise it will be distorted then erased. On September 1, 1802, newsman James Callender wrote that , "[Thomas Jefferson] ... has kept, as his concubine,...Sally. The name of her eldest son is Tom." Later that year a very high-ranking politician asked his friend named Thomas Gibbons to investigate. Gibbons wrote a letter to the politician naming the three children of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson who were alive at the time, " ... his children, to wit, Tom Beverly and Hariot ...." Gibbons revealed information that Callender did not put into the newspapers, so that, the Gibbons letter is distinct evidence. This is corroboration. Corroboration is a fundamental tool for the construction of the truth. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation has buried this evidence, and Pulitzer Prize winner Annette Gordon-Reed has eviscerated (Callender) and ignored it (Gibbons). They reject the evidence because they value authority more than truth. The legitimate research on this history was begun in 1954 by W. Edward Farrison PhD, who taught at North Carolina College (HBCU). Farrison helped Pearl M. Graham, whose article was published i the Journal of Negro History in 1961. Fawn Brodie added to the legitimate history with a 1974 biography of Thomas Jefferson, that sold over 350,000 copies. Barbara Chase-Riboud wrote a novel, Sally Hemings that sold over 1 million copies. In 1992 the Woodson family, descended from Tom, Sally's "eldest" child went to Monticello and proclaimed its connection. NBC network news and Ebony magazine covered the visit. Sally Hemings's descendants had never lost their history. In 1995 a movie Jefferson in Paris played in theaters, coast to coast. It was only after the idea that Sally Hemings was the concubine of Thomas Jefferson was firmly planted in the popular culture that professional historians like Joseph Ellis began to write about DNA. I gave a DNA sample (blood) for testing. I knew that DNA testing was insulting, dehumanizing, grotesque, and subject to manipulation by dishonest persons, but I also knew that the historic record was powerful and that the Woodson story would be more easily marginalized if the Woodsons did not cooperate with that which was being planned in Charlottesville, Virginia. Jefferson's (white) descendants by way of his wife have never been the subject of DNA testing. Eugene Foster Phd organizer of the testing promised me that historians would be kept away for the process until the results were published in a scientific journal. He said that the test would "prove nothing" but create "objective evidence " for historians to consider. The promise to bar historians and other promises were broken, but I do not think Foster lied to me and others. The reporting was hijacked. While Foster still thought the results were a secret, historian Joseph Ellis was talking to the journal Nature and others about a perfectly executed massive multi-media media dump. Nature released the article to the press five days before the 1998 Congressional election which was to determine the Congress to act upon the Clinton impeachment. The DNA story hit the news in massive and dramatic fashion with Clinton, and Hemings, Lewinsky and Jefferson all tied in a knot, proclaiming that none of it mattered in the space of government and that Clinton and Jefferson should be excused. The Nature article was fraudulent because the headline that Nature wrote mispresented the contents of the article. Ellis, Gordon-Reed and Daniel Jordon of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Foundation) went on the PBS News Hour the day before the election with commentary built on Nature's fraudulent headline and other misleading commentary. Ellis and Gordon-Reed stated that the Woodson DNA did not match the Jefferson family DNA. Thomas Jefferson's body was not exhumed. His DNA was not tested. Ellis was later caught in a scandal, forcing him to admit that he is a habitual liar (2001). In this space, the historians with the most authority are the most dishonest. Foster wrote to the New York Times. The newspaper published his letter objecting to the way Nature presented the article he co-authored. Foster and his co-author also wrote to Nature and Nature published their letter without trying to justify their malfeasance. Foster also spoke with the Washington Post, as it covered Nature's backtracking. Yet, the damage was done. Millions of Americans had been misled and historians like Ellis, Gordon-Reed, and Jordon let their fraudulence stand. Ellis, Gordon-Reed and the Foundation ignored Foster's efforts to contravene the hijacking and its misinformation. These professional historians ignored what was printed in the New York Times, Washington Post, and the printing of Foster's protest letter to Nature in late 1998 and early 1999. They ignored the news articles printed the in Richmond Recorder in late 1802. They ignored the proclamations of the Hemings descendants that visited Monticello in 1992. In fact, in 1993 the Foundation started a program, Getting Word, that covered up what had transpired at Monticello in 1992. I have asked for meetings with Getting Word staff and Foundation staff and never has a meeting been granted. The movie Sally Hemings was watched by over 20 million Americans in 2000. Producers bought the rights to Fawn Brodie's book so that the true story of Sally Hemings and her children was told. The producers rejected the spin that was born out of the hijacking of the DNA reporting. Farrison was a black American. Brodie was a white woman, born in Utah. No white American male ever recovered significant evidence that led to the affirmation of the Jefferson/Hemings liaison. No woman born in the South contributed significantly to the legitimate history. The list of white American males who have written denials and rebuttals is very long. Did I mention that Pulitzer Prize winner Joseph Ellis admitted to being a habitual liar? ----- The point is that professional historians, especially Southern American historians and black American sycophants like Gordon-Reed have generally used every means necessary to deny and distort black American history. I am a Colony and Commonwealth member of the First Families in Pennsylvania and member of other lineage societies all located in the North. (Lewis Woodson's children and grandchildren married into black families that had lived in Pennsylvania for generations, and so I am descended from some of those families, as well.).) Most of my ancestors were born in the South. Rules of southern lineage societies preclude my membership. The Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania welcomed me to the First Families of Pennsylvania. The Heinz History Center displays the contributions of Lewis Woodson with reverence. Virginia is in the South; when I write the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, the fact that I have asked for a meeting is never acknowledged. Black Americans are a southern American people. Outside of black American families and black American institutions, black American history is vulnerable, in fact, generally in the South it is under attack.
" YOU ARE GOOD VERY GOOD " AND WE ARE RELATED WOODSON COUSINS ALSO To JEFFERSON GOOCHLAND COUNTY VA GUM SPRINGS INFO LINKS " RED HAIR " MY MOTHER BERTHA S. MEALY HARRIS ROBERT MEALY THE UNDERTAKER COUSINS FUNERALS AT THE CHURCH SHADY GROVE & FRENCH NAME " FAUQUIER " PROF ROSEMARIE MEALY CAN FILL IN SOME LINKS " NU MILLENNIUM INSIGHT " )( M. "PATSY" FAUNTLEROY )( I AM A JACKSON WARD GIRL " MARGARET BANKS NEGROE " COLORED " VERY PROUD of THE NEGROE LAWFULL PRIMARY NATION IN AMERICA LADY LIBERTY OUR STORY ID RECOVERY NEGRA " MUM BETT " YOU TUBE INTRO PRESENTATION by M. "PATSY" FAUNTLEROY INN COALITION Maggie "PATSY" PowhaTen fb SIRIUS 3 EXPANSION PowhaTen - Pamunky BOTH BANKS different " BRANCH " )( AUNT CAMAY )( MY FATHER FRED M. BANKS CALLED HIMSELF " . . . OLD ETHIOPIAN " LOOKED UP ETHIOPIAN MAIN GROUP NEGROE SAYS WEBSTER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA DEFINITION " WORD " MEDIA MATERNAL MATRIARCHYAL SOCIETY INN COALITION WITH HUSBANDRY UNION SPIRITUALITY PARADENCE LIFE ESTATE RIGHTS I EXPERIENCED ON VA VISIT 1960s COMMONWEALTH OXY MY PUZZLE PIECE " HONOUR THY MOTHER AND THY FATHER " REVELATIONS MEMORY D.O.B RECEPTION INN CONSTELLATIONS PEACEMA' NY !
The reason Abe Lincoln had a black barber was because he was a black man which was in his autobiography "I am dark complexioned, with coarse black hair" is a quote from his self titled autobiography book which can be watched and read by Kurimeo Ahau on his yt channel along with a few other videos on this subject and video pt 4 history or myth / Phelps Brothers are the faces of fake Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Mary Todd explains why the portrait we see today doesn't match the description in his autobiography book and even educator Jane Elliot acknowledged that the 1st black POTUS was not Obama but actually Abe Lincoln
It is funny that i ran across this video because my co-work just ask me did know were a Baber Shop was and told him I stop going to the Barber Shop about 10 years ago i cut my own hair now
The hot comb was invented in the late 1800s by Marcel Grateau, a white Frenchman. American women adapted the hot comb for their hair after Elroy J. Duncan brought it to the United States.
Thanks!
Thank you so much! You are our first donation 🥹✊🏾
My old grandad use to say. The black barbershop was like a sacred place. After all week of being called boy and racist words. It was one of the few places that you could be yourself and feel respected and have dignity.
Thank you for sharing that about your Grandad ✊🏾
What does you new grandad say
Man Fvck all tht nobody is calling me boy or anything else
A beautiful quilt of Black History; pieced together with truth, care, pride and love. Thank you!
Thank you ✊🏾
Thank you for this informative part of history that some/most of us haven't heard of. Your narration is also truly captivating; thus, I'll do a rewatch because of the invaluable information that you have provided, which I need to retain. Thanks again for the upliftment and enlightenment. God bless🙏
Thank you so much for watching and sharing. ✊🏾
Why didn’t you know this though why isn’t doing research and documentation about your ppl on your list daily ???????
This was very informative I really enjoyed listening
Thank you so much for tuning in ✊🏾
Facts 💯
@blkbal thank you for blessing 🙏🏿 us with something to tune in to ✊🏿🖤
Thank you so much for tuning in ✊🏾
Pls send us more and Thanx for the South African history az well.
THIS MUST BE THE MOST TRUTHFUL VIDEO ON AMERICAN HISTORY IVE EVER LISTENED TO.THANX
I never knew this about the black barbers in the US.
That’s what we aim to do- educate. Thank you for watching ✊🏾
I suggest studying the story of Denmark Vessey out of South Carolina, Charleston
Interestingly the Nation of Islam mosque in Houston Tx got it start in a Barbershop in the early 1950s. In the early days they were called Temples but later referred to as Mosque. And the mosque was later officially recognized and given the number 45
THIS MUST BE THE MOST BEAUTIFUL VIDEO ON AMERICAN HISTORY IVE EVER LISTENED TO.THANX
Thank you for watching 🫡✊🏾
Thank you.
Good information, thanks!!!
Thank you for watching ✊🏾
Keep info flowing 🤔🙄
Glad you're on the journey with us. ✊🏾
Thank you for producing this video. This is a very rich history.
Two of my ancestors were barbers. I would like to add to the story with mention of my great great-grandfather the Rev. Lewis Woodson (1806-1872) and his youngest son. Lewis Woodson was born in a part of Virginia, that is now West Virginia. His father was the first son of Sally Hemings and he became a successful farmer in Ohio. Over time he bought 382 of intensely cultivated farmland. Thomas and Jemima Woodson raised eleven children.
Lewis joined the African Methodist Episcopal church (AME) as a minister. He moved to Pittsburgh where is practiced ministry but also taught school and opened a barbershop. Lewis Woodson was a founder of Wilberforce University in Ohio, which is an AME institution. It was the first college or university to be owned by black Americans. Lewis Woodson was an abolitionist, and some historians consider him to be the Father of Black Nationalism, because of the efficacy of some of his writings.
Granville S. Woodson (1840-1881) owned two barbershops and was a landlord as well. He was a leader of the National Equal Rights League.
In 1851 Lewis Woodson and one of his sons helped to organize a celebration of emancipation in the West Indies. The celebration took place in Pittsburgh. After the American Civil War two of Lewis's sons helped to organize two parades in Pittsburgh, that were used to celebrate the 13th and 15th Amendments of the U.S. Constitution.
Granville Woodson kept copies of two posters that were produced to advertise the parades. They had hung in his barbershop in the 1870s. His widow preserved the posters. I offered the posters to the Heinz History Center (HHC) in Pittsburgh, which initially rejected my offer. Years later, in 2014, after HHC hired a black American curator, I was able to donate the posters. The HHC has published an article about the posters and has displayed images of them in the museum. The posters are likely the oldest surviving posters to come out of a black American barbershop.
Black America has a written history. It has to be researched by black Americans. I found a petition that one of my ancestors filed in a court in Bucks County, PA in 1739, because I made the effort to dig into my family roots.
Lewis Woodson's history is found in The Search for Black Nationality by Floyd Miller and in A President in the Family by Byron Woodson.
--------------
Corretta Scoot King said that freedom is never really won, that every generation has to fight for it. -- Every generation has to fight to preserve black American history as well, because otherwise it will be distorted then erased.
On September 1, 1802, newsman James Callender wrote that , "[Thomas Jefferson] ... has kept, as his concubine,...Sally. The name of her eldest son is Tom." Later that year a very high-ranking politician asked his friend named Thomas Gibbons to investigate. Gibbons wrote a letter to the politician naming the three children of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson who were alive at the time, " ... his children, to wit, Tom Beverly and Hariot ...." Gibbons revealed information that Callender did not put into the newspapers, so that, the Gibbons letter is distinct evidence. This is corroboration. Corroboration is a fundamental tool for the construction of the truth.
The Thomas Jefferson Foundation has buried this evidence, and Pulitzer Prize winner Annette Gordon-Reed has eviscerated (Callender) and ignored it (Gibbons). They reject the evidence because they value authority more than truth.
The legitimate research on this history was begun in 1954 by W. Edward Farrison PhD, who taught at North Carolina College (HBCU). Farrison helped Pearl M. Graham, whose article was published i the Journal of Negro History in 1961. Fawn Brodie added to the legitimate history with a 1974 biography of Thomas Jefferson, that sold over 350,000 copies.
Barbara Chase-Riboud wrote a novel, Sally Hemings that sold over 1 million copies. In 1992 the Woodson family, descended from Tom, Sally's "eldest" child went to Monticello and proclaimed its connection. NBC network news and Ebony magazine covered the visit. Sally Hemings's descendants had never lost their history. In 1995 a movie Jefferson in Paris played in theaters, coast to coast.
It was only after the idea that Sally Hemings was the concubine of Thomas Jefferson was firmly planted in the popular culture that professional historians like Joseph Ellis began to write about DNA.
I gave a DNA sample (blood) for testing. I knew that DNA testing was insulting, dehumanizing, grotesque, and subject to manipulation by dishonest persons, but I also knew that the historic record was powerful and that the Woodson story would be more easily marginalized if the Woodsons did not cooperate with that which was being planned in Charlottesville, Virginia. Jefferson's (white) descendants by way of his wife have never been the subject of DNA testing.
Eugene Foster Phd organizer of the testing promised me that historians would be kept away for the process until the results were published in a scientific journal. He said that the test would "prove nothing" but create "objective evidence " for historians to consider. The promise to bar historians and other promises were broken, but I do not think Foster lied to me and others. The reporting was hijacked. While Foster still thought the results were a secret, historian Joseph Ellis was talking to the journal Nature and others about a perfectly executed massive multi-media media dump. Nature released the article to the press five days before the 1998 Congressional election which was to determine the Congress to act upon the Clinton impeachment. The DNA story hit the news in massive and dramatic fashion with Clinton, and Hemings, Lewinsky and Jefferson all tied in a knot, proclaiming that none of it mattered in the space of government and that Clinton and Jefferson should be excused.
The Nature article was fraudulent because the headline that Nature wrote mispresented the contents of the article. Ellis, Gordon-Reed and Daniel Jordon of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Foundation) went on the PBS News Hour the day before the election with commentary built on Nature's fraudulent headline and other misleading commentary. Ellis and Gordon-Reed stated that the Woodson DNA did not match the Jefferson family DNA. Thomas Jefferson's body was not exhumed. His DNA was not tested.
Ellis was later caught in a scandal, forcing him to admit that he is a habitual liar (2001). In this space, the historians with the most authority are the most dishonest.
Foster wrote to the New York Times. The newspaper published his letter objecting to the way Nature presented the article he co-authored. Foster and his co-author also wrote to Nature and Nature published their letter without trying to justify their malfeasance. Foster also spoke with the Washington Post, as it covered Nature's backtracking. Yet, the damage was done. Millions of Americans had been misled and historians like Ellis, Gordon-Reed, and Jordon let their fraudulence stand.
Ellis, Gordon-Reed and the Foundation ignored Foster's efforts to contravene the hijacking and its misinformation. These professional historians ignored what was printed in the New York Times, Washington Post, and the printing of Foster's protest letter to Nature in late 1998 and early 1999. They ignored the news articles printed the in Richmond Recorder in late 1802. They ignored the proclamations of the Hemings descendants that visited Monticello in 1992. In fact, in 1993 the Foundation started a program, Getting Word, that covered up what had transpired at Monticello in 1992. I have asked for meetings with Getting Word staff and Foundation staff and never has a meeting been granted.
The movie Sally Hemings was watched by over 20 million Americans in 2000. Producers bought the rights to Fawn Brodie's book so that the true story of Sally Hemings and her children was told. The producers rejected the spin that was born out of the hijacking of the DNA reporting.
Farrison was a black American. Brodie was a white woman, born in Utah. No white American male ever recovered significant evidence that led to the affirmation of the Jefferson/Hemings liaison. No woman born in the South contributed significantly to the legitimate history. The list of white American males who have written denials and rebuttals is very long. Did I mention that Pulitzer Prize winner Joseph Ellis admitted to being a habitual liar?
-----
The point is that professional historians, especially Southern American historians and black American sycophants like Gordon-Reed have generally used every means necessary to deny and distort black American history.
I am a Colony and Commonwealth member of the First Families in Pennsylvania and member of other lineage societies all located in the North. (Lewis Woodson's children and grandchildren married into black families that had lived in Pennsylvania for generations, and so I am descended from some of those families, as well.).) Most of my ancestors were born in the South. Rules of southern lineage societies preclude my membership.
The Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania welcomed me to the First Families of Pennsylvania. The Heinz History Center displays the contributions of Lewis Woodson with reverence. Virginia is in the South; when I write the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, the fact that I have asked for a meeting is never acknowledged.
Black Americans are a southern American people. Outside of black American families and black American institutions, black American history is vulnerable, in fact, generally in the South it is under attack.
Thank you so much for sharing that. So much history out there. Thank you for enriching the community ✊🏾
" YOU ARE GOOD
VERY GOOD " AND WE
ARE RELATED
WOODSON COUSINS
ALSO To JEFFERSON
GOOCHLAND COUNTY VA
GUM SPRINGS
INFO LINKS " RED HAIR "
MY MOTHER
BERTHA S. MEALY HARRIS
ROBERT MEALY THE
UNDERTAKER COUSINS
FUNERALS AT THE CHURCH
SHADY GROVE & FRENCH
NAME " FAUQUIER "
PROF ROSEMARIE MEALY
CAN FILL IN SOME LINKS
" NU MILLENNIUM INSIGHT "
)( M. "PATSY" FAUNTLEROY )(
I AM A JACKSON WARD GIRL "
MARGARET BANKS
NEGROE " COLORED " VERY
PROUD of THE NEGROE
LAWFULL PRIMARY NATION
IN AMERICA
LADY LIBERTY OUR STORY
ID RECOVERY
NEGRA " MUM BETT "
YOU TUBE INTRO PRESENTATION by
M. "PATSY" FAUNTLEROY
INN COALITION
Maggie "PATSY" PowhaTen
fb
SIRIUS 3 EXPANSION
PowhaTen - Pamunky
BOTH BANKS different
" BRANCH "
)( AUNT CAMAY )(
MY FATHER FRED M. BANKS
CALLED HIMSELF
" . . . OLD ETHIOPIAN "
LOOKED UP ETHIOPIAN
MAIN GROUP NEGROE
SAYS WEBSTER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA DEFINITION
" WORD " MEDIA MATERNAL
MATRIARCHYAL SOCIETY INN COALITION WITH HUSBANDRY UNION SPIRITUALITY PARADENCE
LIFE ESTATE RIGHTS
I EXPERIENCED ON VA VISIT
1960s COMMONWEALTH OXY
MY PUZZLE PIECE
" HONOUR THY MOTHER AND
THY FATHER " REVELATIONS MEMORY
D.O.B RECEPTION INN
CONSTELLATIONS
PEACEMA' NY !
Words to the heard
Everything and everything we are the Black power people. Other groups wanted everything. Black peoples did its First!!
Keep teaching📚 brother
Glad you're learning with us. ✊🏾
Movie please like Madame CJ Walker, let's give our brothers some recognition where's Tyler, Spike, Duvenay & the rest
Senator Ernie Chambers from Omaha, Nebraska
🎉❤😂
Great Blac History ✨💜💜🤜🏽🤛🏽💜💜🙏🏽💜💜✨
✊🏾
Thank U!
My Baba cut the hair of myself and brothers to save money.
So I learn to cut my own hair!
🎉❤😂
There's a lot of lies in barbershops
That picture was of Sojourner Truth not Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman and Nat Turner were fictional Characters.
TULSA OKLAHOMA
DURHAM NORTH CAROLINA
Original BlackTowns ✊🏾
The reason Abe Lincoln had a black barber was because he was a black man which was in his autobiography "I am dark complexioned, with coarse black hair" is a quote from his self titled autobiography book which can be watched and read by Kurimeo Ahau on his yt channel along with a few other videos on this subject and video pt 4 history or myth / Phelps Brothers are the faces of fake Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Mary Todd explains why the portrait we see today doesn't match the description in his autobiography book and even educator Jane Elliot acknowledged that the 1st black POTUS was not Obama but actually Abe Lincoln
Thank you for enriching our community. ✊🏾
❤ Please 🙏 let us continue to pray 😭 and dream. 😮 positive vibes with 🌱 youth. having hope 🤞 in their 🏠 💜 🌎 worlds! This is so very necessary.
❤
The hotcomb was not invented in Africa. No African women press there hair. North American Indians used that along with bear grease.
It is funny that i ran across this video because my co-work just ask me did know were a Baber Shop was and told him I stop going to the Barber Shop about 10 years ago i cut my own hair now
N b fvcking it up 😂
Barbers goes back to ancient Yashrel "Israel"12. Tribes.
The hot comb was invented in the late 1800s by Marcel Grateau, a white Frenchman. American women adapted the hot comb for their hair after Elroy J. Duncan brought it to the United States.
ALL LIES ! STOP THE CAP !