Nvidia's Computational Lithography Breakthrough

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  • Опубликовано: 4 янв 2025

Комментарии • 503

  • @gamingmarcus
    @gamingmarcus Год назад +90

    I think the silicon industry is the equivalent of the modern space race. It just goes to show what insane advancements science can make with collaboration and a good amount of financial incentive behind it.
    It never ceases to amaze me how much further we can push this single element and I'm curious what will lie beyond the silicon lands.

    • @mz7315
      @mz7315 Год назад

      "Im curious what will lie beyond the silicon lands":
      I think this will give you an Idea:
      ruclips.net/video/D--sSNKiVXg/видео.htmlsi=duN1EHTAW4_9dpsg

    • @MilesBellas
      @MilesBellas 8 месяцев назад

      A race to replace their jobs?😅

    • @RabeltCorez
      @RabeltCorez 8 месяцев назад

      @@MilesBellas not needing to work???!!! such a bad future

  • @111108074
    @111108074 Год назад +44

    The Vivek Singh in that paper was the same person. He was leading the computational lithography group at intel before he joined Nvidia.

  • @Gojo_Satorou274
    @Gojo_Satorou274 Год назад +432

    this guy is just insane, being a Mat sci PhD student, I can resonate to how many hours of research and literature review goes into making one of these videos. Keep up the good work bro!

    • @Ritternkreis
      @Ritternkreis Год назад +22

      Do you think He does it alone? Ahahah. Budy, this is a whole team producing these videos.

    • @nostro1940
      @nostro1940 Год назад +17

      So funny to see you jeets larping as outstanding math students

    • @Cristopherdreamer
      @Cristopherdreamer Год назад

      ​@@nostro1940stop it

    • @Bullaslayerbsdkallah
      @Bullaslayerbsdkallah Год назад +6

      ​@@nostro1940cope abdul 😂you abduls can only dream of going to Europe while drawing in mediterrean seas

    • @hope_pead
      @hope_pead Год назад

      @@nostro1940 they didn't blow up your hut in the middle east yet, abu bakr? Guess you have a few more days with your goat. The pig is happy with your mother's services as well.

  • @LoveBbyJay
    @LoveBbyJay Год назад +73

    Thank you for another fantastic video Asianometry!! Your videos are some of my most beloved RUclips videos! Keep up the amazing work!!

  • @Czeckie
    @Czeckie Год назад +196

    I've seen every talk by Aki Fujimura about curvilinear masks. Being a mathematician, I find ILT the most fascinating part of chip manufacturing.

  • @howardlandman6121
    @howardlandman6121 Год назад +142

    I was in IC design from 5000 nm NMOS down through 65 nm CMOS. Thanks for catching me up on 2 decades of progress!

    • @mindnova7850
      @mindnova7850 Год назад +9

      Older tech always fascinates me on how they can do so much with so much less.

    • @alexanderbelov6892
      @alexanderbelov6892 10 месяцев назад

      ​@@mindnova7850Doing so much with so much less is all about diminishing returns.
      The most influence on performance give parallel instruction execution that has hard limits due to data and control path dependencies in the programs. While core performance is no better than frequency multiplied by IPC. Frequency does not grow well. 2000 year CPUs had x5 less frequency than now. So the most performance gain had to cone from IPC grow. Was it at least x4 or worse since 2000 year?

  • @anton_s1
    @anton_s1 Год назад +156

    This channel has given me a passion for photolithography. I'm proud to say that as a second year student I'm currently interviewing with onSemi, microchip, synopsis and MKS thanks to the interest you sparked in me for this field

    • @SimoneProvencher
      @SimoneProvencher Год назад +9

      What are you studying for this field exactly? Electrical engineering? Curious

    • @user-gs8jv4oq6w
      @user-gs8jv4oq6w Год назад +8

      Go get 'em tiger

    • @ivoryas1696
      @ivoryas1696 Год назад +1

      ​@@user-gs8jv4oq6w
      Lol, seconded.

    • @gaussdog
      @gaussdog Год назад +2

      Don’t forget to send him a Christmas present 😂❤

    • @anton_s1
      @anton_s1 Год назад +12

      ​@@SimoneProvencherI study engineering physics

  • @VidaDigital
    @VidaDigital Год назад +481

    They definitely did have many of the world's 486+ million Spanish speakers talking about cuLitho...

    • @dbremont
      @dbremont Год назад

      We don't count economically, this is why they do it.

    • @lance31415
      @lance31415 Год назад +1

      Or maybe they did!

    • @luxemier
      @luxemier Год назад +39

      I speak native Spanish and I couldn’t make the reference until he mentioned it tbh. Probably because I only watch content in English and Spanish pronunciation doesn’t cross my mind ever

    • @alpacamale2909
      @alpacamale2909 Год назад +56

      seeing how nvidia basically sounds like spanish envidia (envy) and now culitho (small a55) I'd say they're sticking to their naming convention

    • @freeculture
      @freeculture Год назад

      @@alpacamale2909 at least they are consistent, at this pace someone will make a reggaeton using their product names...

  • @WheelsandWingsChannel
    @WheelsandWingsChannel Год назад +27

    This is by far the best video from Asianometry. I thought the videos on High-NA EUV would have already been challenging, but looks like the bar is now raised even higher. Kudos to the great work. Looking forward to more videos with such high quality content.

  • @seanc6754
    @seanc6754 Год назад +62

    That lithography machine that ASML makes is literally magic to me

    • @briancannard7335
      @briancannard7335 Год назад +1

      It's magic because it's proprietary and has less than 20% patents published, while 80% is simply under NDA. Then to send to this magical machine proper GDSII you HAVE TO pay $80,000 per SEAT each year to Cadence and Synopsys private IP mafia.

    • @MicroageHD
      @MicroageHD Год назад +6

      The main optical parts of these ASML machines are made by the company Zeiss in the black forest, Germany.

    • @briancannard7335
      @briancannard7335 Год назад

      Did they have those lenses in the mid-1800s?@@MicroageHD

    • @perakojot6524
      @perakojot6524 Год назад +1

      @@MicroageHD Well that's the last German engineering pride being left. Auto industry is in shambles, except the big three premium brands and Porsche the rest will go bankrupt soon, all the nuclear plants closed, no cheap gas and energy any more, you are finished.
      And you know, making incredibly smooth mirrors is not a rocket science. Chinese can already do it. They still don't have the rest of proprietary algorithms for control from ASML, but give them a few years and you'd be surprised when ASML is not a monopolist any more.

    • @MrCcfly
      @MrCcfly Год назад

      @@perakojot6524 germany have 3 premium only so ??????

  • @dwinsemius
    @dwinsemius Год назад +8

    For a couple of years I had been scratching my head trying to figure out how feature-sizes could be so much smaller than the wavelengths of light, even "extreme" UV. I met a guy in a brewpub that works for Nvidia who helped get some understanding but this added a bit more. Still learning. Thanks.

  • @nasacort2
    @nasacort2 Год назад +23

    10:54 - Yes, Vivek was formerly the head of the computational lithography group at Intel.

    • @gorak9000
      @gorak9000 Год назад +5

      Haha, pretty much anyone worthy of mention in the semiconductor industry is "FORMERLY" the head of something at Intel...

    • @atharvabedarkar
      @atharvabedarkar Год назад +1

      @@gorak9000 haha intel be finding some cool people then

    • @gorak9000
      @gorak9000 Год назад +1

      @@atharvabedarkar I think you need to look up the definition of the word "formerly". Here, I'll use it in a sentence for you to help "Intel was FORMERLY the leader in the industry. Now all the best people that FORMERLY worked at Intel all work somewhere else"

    • @fitmotheyap
      @fitmotheyap Год назад +1

      ​@@gorak9000 lol, intel going down hard

  • @biomagic8959
    @biomagic8959 Год назад +18

    the more i know the more fascinating it gets. thank you for producig this kind of videos!

  • @kubetail12
    @kubetail12 Год назад +3

    Mathematically, a lot of these computations are numerical inversions. OPC could be considered a crude numerical inversion depending on how it's done exactly. Typically, you have inputs and a mathematical model that gives an output. In an inversion, you know the output, but either the input or model is unknown. If the initial paper used simulated annealing, the computations most likely minimize the L2 norm, which is a classical numerical inversion technique. I imagine they have been predominately using Bayesian inversion in ILT. That gets very computationally intensive when you add complexity to Bayesian Inversion, but it is more flexible, and uncertainty quantification is given because the method involves probability distributions. I don't know what CuLitho uses, and it's hard to verify on the internet. I was thinking of AI Inference because NVIDIA has been using ML in GPU design recently. There are so many inverse problems in science. If it's a remote measurement or you are trying to determine the interior of an object from an exterior measurement, then it's most likely an inverse problem.

  • @HVH_49
    @HVH_49 Год назад +3

    As an electrical engineer, this video is amazing because I'm currently trying to get into the IC industry. Thanks for the high-quality videos.

  • @evinoshima9923
    @evinoshima9923 Год назад +2

    Interesting comment about using computers to make computers faster. In 1978 my first job was making circuit boards for Motorola 6802 based industrial computer. It controlled a retrofit to a K&S 478 wirebonder making it automatic by targeting 2 points on the die and pushing the button. We had no drill for to make the PCBs so we took the computer we made and bolted on so big stepper motors and turned the wirebonder into a drill for the circuit boards. A vacuum cleaner was the dust collector. Our customers when the toured the factory would stop at this homemade hack of a machine, and ponder. Many commented "wow, the machine is making itself!" Indeed....

  • @simaesthesia
    @simaesthesia Год назад +5

    I appreciated your closing philosophical statement about using computers to design chips to make faster computers. It reminded me of the old "if you could make a machine that replicates itself but half the size, and the resulting machine does the same, how far could that recursion progress until the resulting machine is too small to work?"

  • @ibrremote
    @ibrremote Год назад +19

    This video is a great introduction for laymen into the history of litho for wafer fab. Still a but technical on the jargon, but accessible to most who would pay attention.

  • @Jacmac1
    @Jacmac1 Год назад +8

    It's worth mentioning that this will not have any kind of major impact on the actual throughput of the production of the wafers. There were some channels that saw this Nvidia breakthrough news and got carried away with the idea that throughput would be 10X faster or whatever. This will help speed up design, the throughput is still the same.

    • @MrCcfly
      @MrCcfly Год назад

      thanks ,,,, all nvidia can do is talk ...

  • @ebx100
    @ebx100 Год назад +26

    I was taking a VLSI course back in the early 80's, and for a class project had to write and use a LISP design rule checker. At work the lab next to me had a DEC minicomputer. I asked for several seconds of CPU time to verify my chip design. It actually took several hours of CPU time. Not exactly lithography, just a lesson about how much computational power is required to design even a VLSI sized chip.

    • @gorak9000
      @gorak9000 Год назад +3

      Or perhaps your algorithm just wasn't very efficient? :) Funny that in the 80's taking a VLSI course meant writing your own DRC. When I took it (~2008) it was doing full custom transistor layouts, schematic capture, and a lot of timing analysis and spice simulations. Also measuring (in simulation) static and dynamic power consumption. Seeing as the cad tools haven't changed much since then (at least at the level of what's used in an intro class), I doubt it's changed much since I took it.

    • @MikeCampo
      @MikeCampo Год назад +2

      That plus LISP is really slow ;)

    • @ebx100
      @ebx100 Год назад +2

      Probably because it has to parse a jillion brackets!@@MikeCampo

    • @ebx100
      @ebx100 Год назад

      Yeah, you kids have everything handed to you on a silver platter.When I was your age I had to mine sand to make the silicon wafer!!! LOL@@gorak9000

    • @MattHudsonAtx
      @MattHudsonAtx Год назад

      (lisp expressions) use the same number of parentheses as function calls() in other languages.

  • @Indrid__Cold
    @Indrid__Cold 7 месяцев назад

    5:56 RET was first pioneered by HP when they used such tricks to improve the appearance of printed type in their printers. They rightly discovered that using variable sized dots within a 300 dpi print matrix would appear smoother to the eye without increasing dot density. You simply needed greater control over the size and placement of the dots.

  • @gspaulsson
    @gspaulsson Год назад +55

    Computers designing computers was the concept behind numbering "generations" of computers: 1st gen, vacuum tubes; 2nd gen: discrete semiconductors; 3rd gen SSI scale integration; 4th gen: LSI. Very self-referential. By now, it must be 20th gen or something.

    • @scowell
      @scowell Год назад +1

      You left out Konrad Suze.

    • @harshivpatel6238
      @harshivpatel6238 Год назад +9

      I think we're still at 5th gen , 4th one should be VLSI, 5th being chiplets, which is work in progress...
      6Th should be when were completely surrounded by computers in every day life in every tool we use... who knows...

    • @mikefallwell1301
      @mikefallwell1301 Год назад +1

      How does Chip level Optical data ports fit into the architecture

    • @hansdietrich83
      @hansdietrich83 Год назад +2

      ​@@scowell*Zuse

    • @Blox117
      @Blox117 Год назад

      @@harshivpatel6238 6th: AI

  • @KraylusGames
    @KraylusGames Год назад +5

    "Let us dive in butt first... *But first* I want to remind you about the news letter"
    I see you.

  • @alexhajnal107
    @alexhajnal107 10 месяцев назад

    11:55 Manhattan Geometry refers to a regular grid of rectangles (typically squares, never triangles). It takes its name from the regular street grid pattern of most of Manhattan Island in New York City.

  • @etbadaboum
    @etbadaboum 7 месяцев назад +1

    You can hear in his voice that he grew confidence since his first videos

  • @MicrophonicFool
    @MicrophonicFool Год назад +6

    There is something very calming about your videos.

  • @douginorlando6260
    @douginorlando6260 Год назад +3

    This is how I make sense of it. The fact that a photon is emitted from an individual atom implies the theoretical resolution limit of masks could reach the size of an individual atom regardless of the wavelength. (This assumes the etendue of the light source is the size of an individual atom). Working backwards, the photon wavefront emanating from the source atom must be duplicated at the absorbing atom. This is essentially what the mask design is trying to do. It’s more like a hologram than a stencil image being focused on the wafer. The wavefront reaching a point on the wafer must reach that point in phase from as large a solid angle as possible.

    • @douro20
      @douro20 3 месяца назад +1

      When I first learned about these resolution enhancement techniques I was very much reminded of the wave behaviour of light and how destructive interference could affect the resolution of such tiny features or completely blur them out. To me it's incredible that they have been able to figure out how to work around this problem.

  • @jannegrey
    @jannegrey Год назад +13

    I feel a bit sad for Luminescent Technologies. Coming up with revolutionary idea 2 decades too early.
    Also I'm worried that it might cement NVIDIA's monopoly in some segments of GPU use (in this case I assume it's something like HPC). I really hope that not only Radeon Technologies, but also a lot of 3rd party companies are working on their own patents. And when it comes to RTG there is always a chance (given their record) that they will make it open source. Because unless CuLITHO (Or however NVIDIA spells it) is not monetized or restrictive in use (so proprietary with control over who can use it for what), then again, it might end up with monopoly.
    Then again - credit where credit is due - they have amazing researchers. And they deserve a praise (and raise).

    • @imeakdo7
      @imeakdo7 Год назад +1

      this will definetely cement nvidia's monopoly. amd and intel need to step up their game

    • @jannegrey
      @jannegrey Год назад +1

      @@imeakdo7 Let's hope they do.

    • @rightwingsafetysquad9872
      @rightwingsafetysquad9872 Год назад +1

      Can you really tell Nvidia to make worse products because monopolies are bad though?

    • @jannegrey
      @jannegrey Год назад

      @@rightwingsafetysquad9872 No. I hope they make great products. I just hope they don't get too many monopolies (it's almost guaranteed that they have or will have in some niches, but after it reaches critical mass, they won't care - look at their gaming GPU pricing. It is not "sane"). 2 different things.

    • @SianaGearz
      @SianaGearz Год назад +2

      NVidia's weight in HPC has become so enormous, this little niche of semiconductor design doesn't really move the needle much one way or another.
      AMD could get their shit together but doesn't; and of course there's Intel with Xeon Phi but they think that whoever hasn't run away to NVidia cannot move, that they have a captive customer base. I don't know that this sort of complacency is a good way to go about things, it usually doesn't end well. If anything this here goes to show why NV wins, because they keep pushing the field forward, they are not complacent not even for a second. Perhaps they deserve this monopoly, who knows, even though we all know it's not good.

  • @ennio5763
    @ennio5763 Год назад +5

    Isn't ILP the reason why Intel thought they had quad-patterning "solved" for their 10nm process,
    resulting in the disastrously late transition from 14nm many years later than initially announced ?

  • @FindLiberty
    @FindLiberty Год назад +2

    Good stuff here - your presentation is striking too - Thank you!

  • @ashleyobrien4937
    @ashleyobrien4937 Год назад

    Immersion lithography is exactly the same concept that is used with light microscopes, when wanting to take a look at a sample of whatever under the highest magnification possible with light microscopes, it is common practice to place a small droplet of a very specific kind of oil, with a very specific refractive index, the light travels from the light source, underneath the sample, through the prepared sample on a glass slide with a thin cover slip of glass, the oil droplet contact both the top surface of the cover slip and also makes contact with the magnifying lens, the oil is carefully chosen so that the light rays basically pass right through the oil/glass interfaces without being wildly refracted, it's basically a clever way to collect and collimate limited light to provide more effective resolution at very high magnification, high for light microscopes at least.

  • @MiloDebuque
    @MiloDebuque Год назад +2

    I watched this to stimulate my brain, and I think I'm high from trying to understand what I was listening to. Well done.

  • @Sourcecode01
    @Sourcecode01 Год назад +7

    I seen an article about cannon having a new method competing with ASML as it costs a fraction of the costs.

    • @IkarimTheCreature
      @IkarimTheCreature Год назад +3

      I'm assuming you mean the nanoimprint lithography, John has already made a very interesting video about that

  • @alpacamale2909
    @alpacamale2909 Год назад +4

    seeing how nvidia basically sounds like spanish envidia (envy) and now culitho (small a55) I'd say they're sticking to their naming convention

    • @choilive
      @choilive Год назад +7

      Yep, that is literally the origin of the name. "invidia" is latin for envy. And their logo is green from the idiom "green with envy"

  • @BlindintheDark
    @BlindintheDark Год назад +1

    I wonder what the optimizations would look like if you were to allow it to calculate in three dimensions 🤔 if the light isbeing focused down then seems to imply that it's coming into the design pattern from a spectrum of angles? So what if you printed a design image with a few layers? Could you account for the angle difference caused by the focusing to produce an anti-lensing effect, using kind of a shadow box design? Very interesting that these idealized patterns have kind of a morié a to them.

    • @seahyx120
      @seahyx120 Год назад

      It's most likely to account for the effects of diffraction, that's why you get these kind of morie patterns. This is just my conjecture, but the principle of the fresnel zone plates might be coming into play here, where the mask itself is acting as a lens to focus light into the exact shape you want. Though disclaimer, I'm not an expert on this topic at all. Huygen Optics (the channel) has a really good video on this effect.

  • @MarcosElMalo2
    @MarcosElMalo2 Год назад +5

    One of my favorite movies is “Culito’s Way” with Ass Pachinko.

  • @FilthyMoss
    @FilthyMoss Год назад

    Why does the slide show 1:57 hopper 42x vs amper 23x wouldn't that just mean equal to ada love lace?? Cause if 3090 vs 4090 is uplift of 65% then hopper be around same ???? Just a question or it's more about there new way of processing and another reason to add $$ to price of chip?? Have a great day everyone.

  • @ArsenedeBienne
    @ArsenedeBienne 9 месяцев назад

    12:00 Manhattan geometry shapes are made of rectangles, not triangles

  • @arthurcuesta6041
    @arthurcuesta6041 Год назад +24

    Interesting. I'm a little bit scared about how dominant NVIDIA became concerning anything GPU or AI related in the past few years, but you can't deny they're doing great work so far.
    Another thing: I'd like to know if NVIDIA thinks about nanoimprint lithography as well, as it seems this technology might take a decent portion of the market when it comes to older nodes, eventually.
    Great video as always!

    • @imeakdo7
      @imeakdo7 Год назад +4

      nvidia mostly focuses on advanced nodes so i don't think they will consider nanoimprint lithography until it can beat EUV at those nodes with the same or better throughput and lower number of defects, with lower power consumption

    • @awdrifter3394
      @awdrifter3394 Год назад +8

      Rumor is that if AMD failed in their next gen GPU, they will give up on the high-end GPU market. AMD is no match for Nvidia. We'll have to deal with this pseudo monopoly for a while.

    • @shanemitchell477
      @shanemitchell477 Год назад +1

      AI is a joke kid.

    • @SmokeyWire56
      @SmokeyWire56 Год назад +1

      I know virtually nothing about this field. My question is why not use an electron beam like an electron microscope instead of UV light? Can an electron beam be made smaller than the UV wavelength?

    • @aravindpallippara1577
      @aravindpallippara1577 Год назад +4

      ​@@SmokeyWire56it can and has been done, problem is speed of manufacturing
      Electron beam is narrow and takes a long time to work over a modern silicon wafer which is 300mm radius or around 640cm2 in area for the current sizes
      Think of how many beams which manipulates at electron sizes parallely do you need to work on this to match 10 to 15 second exposure times (I am assuming this) per stage of a 8 or 15 stage process on an euv machine?

  • @deniskhafizov6827
    @deniskhafizov6827 Год назад

    11:07 So this ILT is basically a hologram containing the desired image? Or a process of calculating such hologram?

  • @mekafinchi
    @mekafinchi Год назад +14

    The more I learn about chip making from this channel the more I wonder if I might have been interested in the microelectronics engineering major over my computer engineering major. its all so fascinating, but I must stay faithful and true to my computer architecture & organization... and I don't think I could handle the circuits maths lol

  • @L1m3r
    @L1m3r Год назад

    Reminds me of the technique used for inter-chip communication on computer motherboards.
    Basically two chips "ping" each other and "learn" how to distort their own output so the receiving end gets the cleanest signal possible.
    -> Introduce distortions at the source so they overlap/interfere among themselves over the conductors path so the received signal is clean.
    It was probably Intel who developed this technique but I cant remember its name...

  • @jrwickersham
    @jrwickersham Год назад +6

    Quality content, as always.
    *sigh*
    Alright, I do recall back sometime Eeeh.. ‘99-01 ish, Intel’s Celeron, and in some iteration, CU interconnects were added
    Yes, it was referred to as the CUleron
    Yes, the jokes were made.

  • @izzieb
    @izzieb Год назад +26

    I did not expect this video to contain so many instances of the word butt, nor did I expect it to be said in the way it was 😅.

    • @brodriguez11000
      @brodriguez11000 Год назад

      Just imagine if it had been talking about butt-er.

    • @sandytooks
      @sandytooks Год назад

      But what else could you expect but to take it to the extreme.

  • @McDaniel77
    @McDaniel77 Год назад +1

    Chip design and manufactoring are insane. They can make structures in atomic scale. How does the etching still work in the nanometer region? Liquids have a surface tension, how can they reach the desired points to etch?

  • @ZMacZ
    @ZMacZ Год назад

    3:29 Actually, increasing k1 or lambda, or decreasing NA will yield better resolution,
    not just raising k1 or decreasing NA. The problem with raising lambda is one
    of overstimulation, which can be offset by lowering the amount of light projected.

  • @ku0n-zo5uf
    @ku0n-zo5uf Год назад

    I know this is besides the video and I'm sorry. But I love that you used a gif from Prodigal Son, I feel that it's a really great underappreciated series.

  • @AaronBoone-x6c
    @AaronBoone-x6c Год назад

    I'm 32 and I would give my soul and sanity to go to school in electrical engineering just to participate as an underpaid intern in this industry. Photolithography is the most extreme manufacturing possible. How does Asianometry seem to know everything about the history, concepts, science, and terminology in the semiconductor industry? He sounds so young to know the equivalent of a veteran in the industry. Mindblowing.

  • @albertomondy2964
    @albertomondy2964 Год назад +1

    EUV masks aren’t printed with beam writers anymore. They are brag reflectors with areas that damp out the light source.

  • @gmanFPV
    @gmanFPV Год назад +1

    I just want to point out that depth of focus and depth of field are not the same.... at least in photography. Depth of focus relates to behind the lens, and depth of field relates to infront of the lens. A longer focal length with shallower depth of field will have a wider depth of focus.

  • @kenb4849
    @kenb4849 11 месяцев назад

    I really like this discussion, and would love to know how these enhanced designs might actually impact the chip performance both computationally, power/heat, materials optimization. Additionally, going a bit deeper into the physics of how/why your enhanced designs look so radically more elegant than the non-enhanced versions. Thanks, Ken.

  • @StevenLilley
    @StevenLilley Год назад

    Thanks

  • @clayz1
    @clayz1 Год назад

    14:50 We used crude hand made machine tools to fabricate finer machines, etc., etc,. On up to photolithography. Self referential as all get out I think.
    (edited for splelling)

  • @gljames24
    @gljames24 Год назад +2

    With silicon atoms being 0.2 nanometers, it's hard to understand how much further we could push silicon technology before having to jump to something like gallium nitride for improved frequency or power draw. There is only so far you can push new gate designs and better optical systems and even then, we're already hitting diminishing returns with heat and frequency.

    • @_sky_3123
      @_sky_3123 Год назад

      Yeah, its amazing ow much we were able to push it, and are still pusing. But something will have to give soon.

  • @goldnutter412
    @goldnutter412 Год назад

    11:02 at the edge of digital reality, certainty and uncertainty flip..
    Great background setup to this point.. very cool to see people leveraging uncertainty. We just embrace the facts when it works.. otherwise insanity right ?

  • @Ritternkreis
    @Ritternkreis Год назад +2

    I knew the word use 'Breakthrough' was a click-bait.

  • @gillsanders5565
    @gillsanders5565 Год назад

    Your picture should be in the dictionary next to the word "fastidious". Well done sir!

  • @1414tyty
    @1414tyty Год назад

    Been waiting for this for a while. Thank you

  • @shaider1982
    @shaider1982 Год назад +3

    Hope a video on chip architecture can be made. There was a video from CNBC (if I remember correctly) on ARM and how it moved forward when it's acqusition by NVIDIA was stopped by regulators.

    • @lucasrem
      @lucasrem Год назад +3

      Nvidia can't make money trough the ARM consortium, regulators did a good job too, but it was the consortium themselves.

    • @shaider1982
      @shaider1982 Год назад

      ​@@lucasrem ahh, ok. Thanks for the clarification

  • @gregparrott
    @gregparrott Год назад +1

    11:01 Whoa! The 'ILT' yields totally non intuitive yet highly functional results. This leads one to speculate what 'Artificial Intelligence ' might yield:
    1) The good: Even greater, yet less understood optimizations.
    2) The bad: Maligned functionalities that only an AI 'being' can access, and will do so at a time of their choosing.

  • @wile123456
    @wile123456 Год назад +3

    Still crazy to me that it took the 3D movie industry over a decade or more to use gpus for rendering, when it's litterally what a gpu was designed for.

    • @RobBCactive
      @RobBCactive Год назад +1

      GPUs don't have virtual memory so are VRAM limited

    • @douginorlando6260
      @douginorlando6260 Год назад +2

      SGI was built around the job of processing high resolution digital animation for the movie industry where every pixel was antialiased by combining 64 separately computed sub-samples (lots of computations). They created and used OpenGL which is what many GPUs now use. SGI is how Nvidia got their start. They cross sued each other and SGI agreed to let them use their IP plus cherry pick their best engineers to work for Nvidia. It was such a lopsided deal, I wondered if the new CEO deliberately sabotaged SGI as a potential competitor to Microsoft (where he came from). The CEO also created a joint effort with Microsoft to create an alternative to OpenGL (called Fahrenheit) which was eventually abandoned but Microsoft evolved it into DirectX which competes against OpenGL.
      Another vice president of Microsoft was made CEO of Nokia and immediately sabotaged their operating system and pushed a Microsoft cell phone OS instead (the CEO hired from Microsoft destroyed Nokia, same as the CEO hired from Microsoft destroyed SGI).

    • @RobBCactive
      @RobBCactive Год назад

      @@douginorlando6260 OpenGL is now care taken by the Khronos group, an industry consortium who developed the cross platform Vulkan API from AMD's Mantle which also stimulated DX12. There are still OpenGL programs like Second Life used today.
      Back in the 90's Silicon Graphics were one of many UNIX work station vendors, but had expensive machines.
      It was the Pentium and PC clones using 32bit Windows which totally undercut the workstation market, that suffered from fragmentation so had limited software. ISV's ported their software to Wintel and the desktops were much cheaper and more familiar to office users than specialist workstations which became unviable to develop.

  • @timwildauer5063
    @timwildauer5063 Год назад +1

    I'm only 45 seconds in and you already earned my like. Well done.

  • @grengren2
    @grengren2 Год назад +1

    But surely, there are many common blocks used in a design, so their masks that can simply be called up from a library and used without extra computation ? Surely it would only be the new elements, and interconnections of "blocks" that actually need to be computed. Thank you for a fascinating video, I'd love more detail on the techniques , if they could be explained as clearly as you have managed here !

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      What you suggest was somewhat true when OPC was first introduced. If the distortion was caused only by the immediately adjacent features within the library cell (or block), then the appropriate OPC within each cell could be predetermined and replicated for each instance. But as feature sizes and separations continued to shrink for each generation, the "area of optical influence" continued to increase so that features of adjacent cells (and blocks) would affect each other. What you suggest is certainly true for memory products (which are highly repetitive) and is surely used by memory cell designers.

  • @no-cv4dx
    @no-cv4dx Год назад +1

    12:30 The way you say 2010s like it's the ancient past 😫😫

  • @dabyd64
    @dabyd64 Год назад +11

    Butt Culitho sounds like "culito" in spanish, *small butt* haha

  • @SeanPannella
    @SeanPannella Год назад +8

    Where is our CUDA for Xilinx/AMD Place and Route? Accelerating ASIC design and FPGAs don’t get any love haha

    • @imeakdo7
      @imeakdo7 Год назад

      They have Rocm

    • @SeanPannella
      @SeanPannella Год назад

      @@imeakdo7 ROCm has a Place and Route solution?

  • @WilliamTaylor-h4r
    @WilliamTaylor-h4r Год назад

    The thing is you just need one of each picture, 4 16 125, 2^2, 4^2, 5^3, thats not alot of pictures. Once you have the set of pictures, you must replicate the set of pictures. This way uses heavy radiation, or slow etching. Slow radiation has more spin charge, but goes a shorter distance. Like riding the motorcycle through the bee hive into the oblivion. Once a large amount of sets are produced, its taken to the stadium with the 215 ft curved reynolds wrap is gently glowin at 100 billion degrees. The aztec foot bed of graphite with the piano safety lights allows the workers to set the fuzed quartz down. The foolt path fills in with the layers 33 metal 35 alloy blend "glass" and a breeze washes over the field at 100 billion parts per 300 yards, its dealt it cuz you smlt it.

  • @lynncomstock1255
    @lynncomstock1255 Год назад

    6:37 The mask, through which the light passes, is carefully "mis-shapened" so that when the light exits the resist layer and reaches the silicon wafer the actual pattern is the desired shape? This is beyond complicated.

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      Actually the light reaches only to the resist layer, where the resist is either "burned" or "cross-linked", depending on the type of resist. The resist is then "developed" so that the pattern is created in the resist so that the next process step can be applied to the silicon.

  • @Psychx_
    @Psychx_ Год назад +3

    I'm from Austria and I didn't know about IMS. What a pleasant surprise.

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      So far as I know, the primary company that makes the tools which can draw these pattern is IMS Nanofabrication, headquartered in Austria. Their Multi-Beam Mask Writers are revolutionary.

  • @AlphaCrucis
    @AlphaCrucis Год назад

    BEA Saleh... that name rang a bell. I went to rip out my old Photonics textbook that I haven't touched in almost a decade and it turns out that WAS the same Saleh! :D

  • @sweet_cherry_blossoms
    @sweet_cherry_blossoms Год назад

    Can you provide some link where the luminescent technology has been split into synopsys and KLA ? I see it's acquired by KLA. But no reference to synopsys at all.

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      I can't answer your question directly, but KLA is basically and inspection company (for masks and wafers) and Synopsis is an electronic design automation (EDA) company. Both companies need this software, as do their customers, circuit designers, mask shops, and wafer fabs. I'm sure KLA licenses this ILT software to all parties.

  • @ZMacZ
    @ZMacZ Год назад

    12:56 One day we'll have in space fabs for chips.
    These will use lithography, but with a mask that is several hundreds of meters in size.
    The light will go through lenses similar in size to that of the mask, but these
    lenses will be fluid tension based, like almost completely self correcting.
    Spin fluid in space, and you get a lens, basically.
    Transistors operating on microvolts, 50 atoms wide circuitry.
    Makes Ryzen 9 appear like dinosaur bones when it comes to computational effectiveness.

    • @alexanderbelov6892
      @alexanderbelov6892 10 месяцев назад

      50 atoms wide wires were already in use. 7 atoms have 1nm size. 50 atoms have 7nm size. This is what 7nm process is capable to print on Si. Now 3mm is in use that allows 20 atoms width wires.

    • @ZMacZ
      @ZMacZ 2 месяца назад

      @@alexanderbelov6892 three-atom sized transistors, one atom width circuit pathways, over a stretch of 50 atoms, embedded in cables with each computational unit being part of macroscopic cables (1-2 mm width). Many computational units within the cables.
      As far as I know, not in use yet.

  • @Toobst8ker
    @Toobst8ker Год назад +1

    this intro has been the funniest for me so far🤣

  • @wombatdk
    @wombatdk Год назад +1

    Fascinating presentation and topic. A fair bit is beyond my understanding, but it gave me a glimpse into the science of chip making. Very cool indeed.

  • @TylerChristensen69420
    @TylerChristensen69420 Год назад +1

    That git gud in the captions killed me LMAO

  • @eTwisted
    @eTwisted Год назад +1

    Holy S3!T Batman! This looks a lot like other death cheating moves. It means that the accuracy of the entire optical path is no longer in need of highly precise mfg'ing or even design. Much like self calibrating optical lenses with many mirrors, voice coils having replaced stepper motors, fuel injectors in cars (now part of a feedback loop so the system is self-calibrating) and on and on - this will change the economics of the equipment, likely change the optimizations to get more light thru or drive down costs or ... I'm not sure what but it's gonna keep people busy for a while.

    • @SianaGearz
      @SianaGearz Год назад

      We've been at this stage for a long time. None of the advanced chips of today are possible without advanced computational optics.

  • @NeilStansbury
    @NeilStansbury Год назад

    Your videos are just simply fascinating!

  • @fjdkfdfjdf33
    @fjdkfdfjdf33 9 месяцев назад

    Does this mean that ASML can and will buy these computational lithography algorithms from Nvidea? Or do they have their own algorithms?

  • @JohnDuthie
    @JohnDuthie Год назад

    Never really thought about, how the simulation time of a trillion triangles can have top down effects on everything silicon. I wonder how important this is in comparison to die shrinks? Could you more efficiently use an older node using better simulations? Is that what happened with Nvidia’s maxwell architecture?

  • @RK-fr4qf
    @RK-fr4qf Год назад

    Amazing work as always, sir!

  • @ZMacZ
    @ZMacZ Год назад

    11:45 Lol, microprocessor manufacturers running out of computational ability.
    They never even considered using specific for the task developed processors.
    Much like multicores, but with thousands of them on a single chip, with one specific
    task in mind, recomputing.

  • @SianaGearz
    @SianaGearz Год назад

    I wonder, does it matter that the chips that are targeted are huge? They do after all consist of repeat elements, so doesn't it suffice to run computationla lithography on smaller building blocks and just copy it over?

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      See my comment to @grengren2 above

  • @Flynn217something
    @Flynn217something Год назад +8

    We use the GPU to build the GPU.

    • @crf80fdarkdays
      @crf80fdarkdays Год назад

      That's how lathes are made, but someone had to build the first one from scratch pretty much 🤪

  • @lordr1800
    @lordr1800 Год назад +8

    this reminds me of how precision improved in machining as machines would progressively build better machines.
    in the 90s, i heard an aside where Apple was supposedly designing its next Mac and sought to buy a Cray supercomputer to facilitate its design. Cray supposedly commented that he was designing his next Cray on a Mac.
    Circle of life stuff there. 😂

  • @MonkeySpanner498
    @MonkeySpanner498 Год назад +1

    why does youtube enforce deepfake ai adverts on people ??

  • @parkerbond9400
    @parkerbond9400 Год назад

    Wouldn't changing the light wavelength also work?

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      They have been doing that for 30 years. The most advanced chips now use EUV (13nm) which is approaching X-ray (10nm and shorter). It's getting really expensive.

  • @petemisc4291
    @petemisc4291 Год назад +1

    Didn’t Cannon just come up with/ perfect a “stamping” technology?

    • @weserck6900
      @weserck6900 Год назад

      Imprint lithography only works at larger feature sizes.

  • @347573
    @347573 Год назад

    Unbelievable optimizations! Thank you for explaining it!

  • @ytsgb
    @ytsgb Год назад

    Seeking a bit more background on why this is so important.
    Wouldn't this process only need to be done once at the end of every chip design process? In which case, whilst faster is obviously better, it wouldn't make up a huge fraction of the overall chip design time?

  • @chiupipi
    @chiupipi Год назад

    thanks :) missing this part in semiconductor industry.
    wondering how I will be able to buy you coffee in Taipei as thank you gift haha.

  • @mesavor
    @mesavor Год назад +2

    Is it possible for out friends at SMIC to catch up with the EUV by inventing extremely advanced ILT technique of their own ?

    • @lucasrem
      @lucasrem Год назад

      EUV is the best process to produce lithographic chips now.
      SMIC ? What did you meant by them ?

    • @mesavor
      @mesavor Год назад +2

      @@lucasrem SMIC is a chinese semiconductor foundry company so they're banned from buying EUV system

  • @dasraiser
    @dasraiser Год назад

    Why not move the litho mask to a direct pattern on an optical lens.

  • @Coillcara
    @Coillcara Год назад

    7:40 GDSII is GDS 2.

  • @doctor9228
    @doctor9228 Год назад

    Thank you for the video but there are still low frequency noises very hearable with good headphones (pop boomy sounds). They are distracting. Could you apply a high pass filter to audio during video editing please?

  • @RyanOwensWorldofTyros
    @RyanOwensWorldofTyros Год назад

    When do you think we will see the benefits of this new technology?

  • @sametcansonmez6955
    @sametcansonmez6955 Год назад

    keep doing this videos bro. awesome

  • @mayorc
    @mayorc Год назад

    Nice channel, and nice explanation.

  • @kameronbriggs235
    @kameronbriggs235 Год назад

    I could improve this I bet. Already got ideas. I'd have to see the library though.

  • @mahavakyas002
    @mahavakyas002 Год назад

    does this translate to rasterization performance benefit of gaming GPUs or nah?

  • @LG-qz8om
    @LG-qz8om Год назад

    It ended a bit too soon. I was hoping to see where it went/goes.