India-China security competition on land, at sea, in space, and beyond

India faces security competition and capabilities gaps with China across several domains: conventional, maritime, space, nuclear, and cyber. In this episode, Tanvi Madan speaks with three experts about these challenges, the linkages between them, India’s response, and the potential role for India’s partners. Her guests are Walter Ladwig of King’s College London; Raji Rajagopalan of the Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi; and India’s former chief of the naval staff Admiral Karambir Singh, now chairman of the National Maritime Foundation in New Delhi.
00:00 Start
04:38 What challenges does India see from China in the continental domain?
08:02 How is Pakistan linked to India’s continental challenge from China ?
09:21 How Indians see the nuclear challenge from China
12:08 How Indians see the cybersecurity challenges from China
13:45 How Indians see the China challenge in the space domain
15:55 Are the maritime and advanced domains challenges linked to the continental one?
18:27 The state of the Indian navy’s fleet and forces
20:00 What has India been doing to address the nuclear gap?
22:35 India’s response to the cybersecurity challenge
23:33 India’s response to security challenges in the space domain
25:42 How is India addressing the challenge in the continental domain?
27:50 Efforts to address the infrastructure gap at the Sino-Indian border
29:38 The Indian armed forces’ modernization requirements
33:35 Does India see a role for partners in addressing its capabilities gaps?
38:35 Does India see a role for its partners in the continental challenge?
40:30 India’s desire to develop its defense industrial base, and the potential role of its partners
43:40 To stabilize the border situation, will India avoid measures to balance China that Beijing might see provocative?
46:02 India’s response to the cyber challenge
50:06 Lightning Round: What is the biggest myth about India-China relations?
51:50 Interview with Admiral Karambir Singh: India’s maritime security objectives
53:57 China’s presence and activities t in the Indian Ocean, and how it’s changed
59:07 Has there been China-Pakistan naval cooperation?
1:00:11 What is motivating China’s changed maritime presence?
1:01:05 Challenges to India from China’s increased Indian Ocean presence
1:02:04 What this challenging environment means for India’s naval operations
1:04:03 Key steps in India’s naval modernization
1:06:02 India’s theater commands and jointness plans
1:07:39 What are India’s interests and concerns in the broader Indo-Pacific?
1:09:44 What additional capabilities does India’s navy need to meet this maritime moment?
1:12:07 What has India’s navy been doing with partners?
1:13:16 Lightning Round: What is the biggest myth about India-China relations in the maritime domain?
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