METEOROLOGY FOR CPL/ATPL

Wind is not mere presence of air in the atmosphere. Wind is horizontal motion of air. Wind blows due to difference in Air pressure between two places/areas. Wind blows from high pressure to low pressure area and are also affected by Coriolis force when covering large distances. If you are not sure of what is Coriolis force; watch a specific video on Coriolis force posted on my you tube channel.
2. Let us discuss first; effect of winds during take-off and landing; since take-off and landing are the most crucial phase of flight.
3. Every pilot wants and expects light to moderate head winds during take-off and landing. How does it help. To understand this, you must know the difference between true airspeed and ground speed. True airspeed; also called TAS is the speed of aero plane with respect to the surrounding air without any consideration for wind. Ground speed is the speed of aero plane with respect to ground. So whenever you have headwind, aero plane is pushed back by wind and your speed with respect to ground decreases. Whenever you have tail winds, it pushes your aero plane forward and your speed with respect to the ground increases.
Ground speed= TAS + Wind speed (Tailwinds)
Ground speed= TAS - wind speed (Headwind)
4. On takeoff roll, if we have headwinds, while the aero plane is rolling on the runway headwinds will give extra dynamic pressure which will assist in generating more lift forces on the wing and reduce the runway length required for takeoff. All the speeds like V mcg, V1, Vr, VLOFF will come early, by early what I mean that you will consume lesser length of runway and lesser time to achieve these speeds as compared to Nil wind condition. In case of tailwinds; you will require longer take off run to achieve take off speeds.
5. Head winds also help during landing. While landing, your Ground speed will be lesser so ground will move at slower pace below you, approach will be comfortable to handle, after flare/round off float period will be shorter, after touch down head winds will assist in aerodynamic braking effect and landing distance will be shorter. So, there are hell lot of advantages. If you have tail winds, approach will be steep, ground will move faster below you, aero plane will float for longer time after round off/flare and landing distance will be higher since tailwinds will push you forward. Invariably takeoff and landing is always preferred in headwind condition.
6. Cross Winds: Cross winds tend to push the aero plane away from center line of runway during takeoff and landing. It requires control inputs to keep the aero plane on intended path. Strong cross wind can be very tricky to handle for student pilots as well as experienced ones.
7. Other than takeoff and landing phase of flight, we would always love to have tail winds, this will give us extra ground speed and we can cover larger distances in shorter timeframe with the help of winds.
If we talk about flying hazards, Turbulence and low level wind shear are the two primary hazards which winds create.
8. Now let us discuss some basics related to reporting of winds.
Winds are always reported with respect to True North and not Magnetic North. It is reported with direction and speed both. Direction of the wind is reported from where the wind is coming from.. like 090/10 Kts means wind is blowing from east going to west at a speed of 10 Kts. Wind vector is indicated by 3 arrows. On wind charts; it is shown in the shape of a feather. Direction is from feather to the point and speed is indicated by different symbols indicating either 5, 10 or 50 Kts as shown on the screen. Wind is said to be be Veering when direction changes clockwise & Backing when wind direction changes anti clockwise. Gust is local increase in wind speed by more than 10 Kts lasting for more than 1 min. Squall is increase in wind speed over large area like in a thunderstorm. Lull is sudden decease in wind speed. In Gale; Wind speed is more than 33 Kts. In Hurricane; Wind speed more than 63 Kts. Surface wind is measured by an instrument called Anemometer which is paced at a height of 10 mtr or 33 feet.

[@editwithme719]

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Being honest I have learned nothing in my classes,
But here you are the best I had day and thankyouuuuu so muchh sirr❤

[@RSharma-kz8oy]

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[@Viral_insta744]

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[@Viral_insta744]

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[@captainvijaysharma]

Yes. I am a fighter pilot recently retired from Indian Air Force.

[@Viral_insta744]

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[@namantiwari7114]

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