Note: when I talk about the PA's making it into the Santa Fe days I mean the D&H when these unit were bought and run on that railroad till the early 70's.
It neeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeds to have streamlined hull even it it doesn't really runs THIS Fast. Europeans never seems to have THIS Good taste when it comes with Loco and Coach passenger trains in Diesel Era. instead they prefer multipurpose locomotives (which several times lack of beauty it deserves for passenger services).
I’m 74 now, born in ‘49 in Modesto. Family and friends knew I was nuts as I was constantly drawn to the rails running through town. You cover one heck of a lot of locomotive history here and you do it well! Thanks!
Nice job, Peter! This video confirmed what I always suspected about the E series which is that they were largely too heavy and inefficient when compared to the F units and GP's of the time. Very cool to find out the actual details of their development and lives.
It seems like the Santa Fe switched to F units (equipped with steam heating) in front of their long distance passenger trains pretty soon, finding them more practical for their requirements.
Very interesting history. The Illinois Railway Museum has an operating C. B. & Q. E-5. It's a very classy-looking locomotive with its long, slanted nose. It and its matching stainless steel train set are a beautiful example of elegant, passenger travel from long ago.
Great video, thank you for the history lesson of these beautiful beasts. We have two in service on the Conway Scenic RR in Conway New Hampshire. Boston and Maine livery. 4266/4268. They were recently refurbished and do seasonal scenic RR tours. I’ve always loved these locomotives and am sad to see that they were so short lived. They were truly ahead of their time if they had been given a fair chance to shine.
The thing is, as far as I know, the 567 had 2 versions. One is the slight improvement of reliability from the Winton 201A and the other is the 567A, 567B, 567C, and 567D. The main difference is in the assembly parts of the crankshaft as well as the bearings and the gearing for the Roots-blower. Hence why the original 567 with 12 cylinder only managed 900hp meanwhile the 12-567A is 1000hp. Interestingly enough, although the A, B, C, and D is a bit different each other, you basically could fits their parts on any type of the engine. For example, you have an A block but because it is so rare, the only thing you can find is C assembly but magically, it fits perfectly. But if you had an original 567 or even Winton 201A, you couldn't fit the parts from the A, B, C, let alone D. E-unit problems is that because there is two engines, it is heavy even though it has 3 axle for each bogie/truck. If it has only 1 engine, let say, a 16-567B (1500hp) or C (1750hp) or even a 16-567D3 with Turbocharger (2000hp) coupled with the appropriate electrical things with the engine it has, it is lighter but still have same traction capability as a standard E-units. The Alcemdestein (ALCo-EMD mix) RS3 engine is a funny yet unique one. Placing a reliable 12-567 engine in practical RS3 chassis.
Great video! You do a fantastic job with the historical highlights. I have two E6s, E7A and B and two E8/9s on my HO layout. All but one in the Florida East Coast livery. They look elegant going around the track much like they did in real life. Again, thanks for sharing your insight.
Nice work!! A correction, though - Rock Island's TA locomotives were actually prototypes for what would become the F unit, not the E unit. The TA's were four-axle units, powered by a single 16-cylinder Winton 201-A rated at 1200 horsepower. They are also closely related to the Union Pacific Streamliner "power cars" built after M-10,000 - M-10,002; the original power for The City of Denver, and The City of Los Angeles. They too sported 1200-horse, 16-cylinder Wintons, riding on four axles, but the carbodies were built by Pullman Standard. Thanks, KUTGW!!!
Just a minor correction: the Cascade Tunnel, for which Ralph Budd was credited by the narrator was not in the Rocky Mountains but in Washington State. You know, only about 200 miles to the West.
NOHAB in sweden got license from emd to build two versions. one diesel and one eloco for the swedish state railroads. they made one four axel unit and one six axel unit both types went as export to Denmark and Norway . the moast of these units went to DSB i Denmark. But those units was bought back to sweden by private rail companies. i know one unit that had a blue and white livery with gm painted on a side and b side. the e loco was built by NOHB and the electrical parts from ASEA. there are two e units in preservation at swedish state railrway museum and both are in perfect condtion and they pull special trains. thanks for the intresting video on early diesel locos. 🇸🇪🇸🇪👍🇸🇪👍👍👍🇸🇪
@@uncipaws7643 could be since swedish state railways only bought locos acording to there own specs. the nohab dielsel was for the export market. exept rapid loco witch was a collab between sj, nohab and asea. 🇸🇪🇸🇪👍👍👍👍👍👍
@@uncipaws7643 yes they did i do not know if any of the private rail companies bought those mx locos. but i know that they bought tmz locos from denmark for use on the swedish rail system.
Appreciated the pictures of Ashland VA as well as the shot of Richmond’s Union Station. The latter is now the science museum, most trains using the Amshack on the edge of town. Sic transit gloria mundi!
I'm noticing the Zephyr Truck in the credits and remember one picture that's a lot more flattering, from Lucius Beebe's book High Iron. Think it's the last page (or else the last section: Speed) shows a Zephyr observation car from a crouching position with emphasis on the streamlined wheeltruck. Lot's of info in this video! Thanks alot.
Living in Northern suburbs of Chicago I had the Northwestern and Milwaukee roads to watch back in the fifties and sixties steam was gone streamliners were in service. I rode pullman service north to Michigan's upper peninsula and south to the Gulf coast when I was very young. I saw the Turbo trains come and go I watched as one cleared the Rondout junction plates by a foot pushing around 100 mph as it went through. I stand on the pedestrian path, at Rondout, that replaced the electric North Shoreline to watch Freights, Amtrak and the local suburban trains. Good overview.
The Santa Fe “war bonnet” livery, at least I think is what’s called is such a classic design. I don’t think I’ve ever seen one I like better. I’m not a huge rail fan but find the history of railroads interesting, We are so fortunate to have had the rail system during WW2, too many people don’t appreciate the contribution rail played. They just bitch about being delayed at crossings……..
Great video. Very informative, however there is a small punctuation error in the title. The apostrophe should be after the "s" in Motors not before. Any time a word ending in "s" is used to show possession, the opostrophe goes after the "s".
Great documentary; those heavy old locomotives looked fantastic. Shame passenger rail almost got organized out of existence by the road and then the air lobby leaving just commuter and tourist lines. But there's a renaissance now with those Brightline trainsets which, if not subject to a new bunch of dirty tricks, could spread successfully to dozens of places. As has been found in the UK, it's just not possible to bulldoze old city center areas and suburbs for new high speed tracks without vested interest groups stonewalling forever, so the good old days of continental rail can't come back. And even if they could who, apart from a tourist, wants to take 3 days to go where an airplane can go in six hours.
I'm sorry if i was not clear. I was speaking of the transport revolution, that the new technology brought on by WWII sparked. Such as, the in enhancement's in aircraft as well as the fact that there were now so many of them available as surplus for cheep. Thanks for watching!
The only thing I would add to this is that the E-5's primary difference from the E-4 was the addition of the stainless-steel body panels, making it specific to the Burlington.
Economy is like a religion for some ppl. Although when you consider the history of the Earth the economy and especially the Western version is very recent. The Earth will still orbit the Sun regardless.
A great video describing the development of rail, air and truck transportation. Then throw in the epa/fuel consumption. Add politics with federal grants. Youve covered all the bases. The jokes and humor are cool 😉
I was a post war train collector, mainly Lionel, but not limited to them. I know nothing about the rail ways, it's Loco's and rolling stock. but the model trains yes. I'm 75, and very ill. passing my collections on to our adult kids / families... never was interested in the electronic of these current train sets. have one sound car, box car. awesome... If the rail road would dress up the interior of their passenger cars, AND MAINTAIN THEM KEEP THEM CLEAN, people would be more inclined to ride the rails for the fun of it. I personally do not care for the lay out of the private sleepers, old furnishings, out dated... dull grungy looking, The fifties had more going then here soon to be 2025.....
No...that vacuum is a KIRBY!! I was a salesman briefly in early 2000s. .but little sales due to economic downturn. But also tried FULLER BRUSH house cleaning products are Very EXCELLENT!!
In the American market they are lower and have a greater supply compared to the European market (the U.K. has a quantity of material but the prices are a little high). Kato doesn't even see himself and I know he has good material. German companies do it with quality but at a high price. Yes, there are other companies but they are in the U.K. and soon the pre-payment skyrockets. Yes, nowadays the sets are better and I speak from experience. I miss seeing Bachmann and Atlas here. Perhaps it is the size of the market that creates the conditions. You are lucky, you don't even know. I have N scale, all american, and boy some times ......😢. Expensive and there is nothing.
15:31 "with 6-axle trucks" .. Did you mean 3-axle rucks, for a total of 6 axles? or is the other commenter correct that the locomotive had n fact 4 axles, total?
I couldn't get past the first 2m 28s. The man doing the voiceover is SO angry ! He sounds like he read this on the day his wife handed him divorce papers !
4:02 So early Diesel Electric Locomotives used in america were the same boxcabs popular in Europe and Japan and elsewhere. why this design is extinct in America (exports only, no domestic markets at all)? too dangerous? too expensive or what? 15:05 Early road diesel locomotives here isn't even streamlined. it is simple ugly flatface boxcab, the design that's more successful elsewhere in the world outside North America.
this is supposed to be about EMD's "E" units no Alco. You are totally biased toward Alco and should not be talking about GM locomotives, plus you really don't have a speaking voice for this sort of video.
If I were "totally biased" I would not have mentioned the PA's issues that doomed it. As for having alco in this documentary at all, I'm telling the whole story by doing so, by giving all relevant background info. As for my voice, I can't do anything about what the big guy upstairs gave me.
Note: when I talk about the PA's making it into the Santa Fe days I mean the D&H when these unit were bought and run on that railroad till the early 70's.
The LV kept their PAs running until approx 1960, so not all were abandoned as early as you imply.
@@northcamarolina7453 My apologies. I got the dates wrong when I recoded the audio.
Honestly, THIS is what a passenger locomotive should look like. Just love 'em.
It neeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeds to have streamlined hull even it it doesn't really runs THIS Fast.
Europeans never seems to have THIS Good taste when it comes with Loco and Coach passenger trains in Diesel Era. instead they prefer multipurpose locomotives (which several times lack of beauty it deserves for passenger services).
EMD streamliners are my favorite class of locomotive.
Thanks a lot for this.
Something many national railroads sorely missed it.
including SRT. whom procurement committee has always been tasteless. :P
I’m 74 now, born in ‘49 in Modesto. Family and friends knew I was nuts as I was constantly drawn to the rails running through town.
You cover one heck of a lot of locomotive history here and you do it well!
Thanks!
Nice job, Peter! This video confirmed what I always suspected about the E series which is that they were largely too heavy and inefficient when compared to the F units and GP's of the time. Very cool to find out the actual details of their development and lives.
Nice example of he use of hindsight.
It seems like the Santa Fe switched to F units (equipped with steam heating) in front of their long distance passenger trains pretty soon, finding them more practical for their requirements.
As a Brit, I consider these E Series to be the definitive American locomotive.
Son of an American raiil roader here and I have to say, these locos are to the I.S. what the Deltics were to the English.
They are to the U.S. that is to say.....
Very interesting history. The Illinois Railway Museum has an operating C. B. & Q. E-5. It's a very classy-looking locomotive with its long, slanted nose. It and its matching stainless steel train set are a beautiful example of elegant, passenger travel from long ago.
Nice.
Great video, thank you for the history lesson of these beautiful beasts. We have two in service on the Conway Scenic RR in Conway New Hampshire. Boston and Maine livery. 4266/4268. They were recently refurbished and do seasonal scenic RR tours. I’ve always loved these locomotives and am sad to see that they were so short lived. They were truly ahead of their time if they had been given a fair chance to shine.
Awesome work!
One of my favorite locomotives! Great video.
A very informative video. Thanks for making it available.
❤❤❤❤❤ great video
The thing is, as far as I know, the 567 had 2 versions. One is the slight improvement of reliability from the Winton 201A and the other is the 567A, 567B, 567C, and 567D.
The main difference is in the assembly parts of the crankshaft as well as the bearings and the gearing for the Roots-blower. Hence why the original 567 with 12 cylinder only managed 900hp meanwhile the 12-567A is 1000hp.
Interestingly enough, although the A, B, C, and D is a bit different each other, you basically could fits their parts on any type of the engine. For example, you have an A block but because it is so rare, the only thing you can find is C assembly but magically, it fits perfectly. But if you had an original 567 or even Winton 201A, you couldn't fit the parts from the A, B, C, let alone D.
E-unit problems is that because there is two engines, it is heavy even though it has 3 axle for each bogie/truck. If it has only 1 engine, let say, a 16-567B (1500hp) or C (1750hp) or even a 16-567D3 with Turbocharger (2000hp) coupled with the appropriate electrical things with the engine it has, it is lighter but still have same traction capability as a standard E-units.
The Alcemdestein (ALCo-EMD mix) RS3 engine is a funny yet unique one. Placing a reliable 12-567 engine in practical RS3 chassis.
Great documentary. Thanks
This is a well researched episode, and great to discuss the birth of the streamliner coaches as well.
Thanks! I always like to tell the whole story and give a much background as possible, without going overboard.
Fantastic work! Been waiting for one like this👍🏻
Great work
Great video! You do a fantastic job with the historical highlights. I have two E6s, E7A and B and two E8/9s on my HO layout. All but one in the Florida East Coast livery. They look elegant going around the track much like they did in real life. Again, thanks for sharing your insight.
Great work! Keep em coming
Have an E7 and 4 E-8s (2pwr.2 non power) pulling passenger sets on our N-scale layout in PRR era.
Nice work!! A correction, though - Rock Island's TA locomotives were actually prototypes for what would become the F unit, not the E unit. The TA's were four-axle units, powered by a single 16-cylinder Winton 201-A rated at 1200 horsepower. They are also closely related to the Union Pacific Streamliner "power cars" built after M-10,000 - M-10,002; the original power for The City of Denver, and The City of Los Angeles. They too sported 1200-horse, 16-cylinder Wintons, riding on four axles, but the carbodies were built by Pullman Standard.
Thanks, KUTGW!!!
Just a minor correction: the Cascade Tunnel, for which Ralph Budd was credited by the narrator was not in the Rocky Mountains but in Washington State. You know, only about 200 miles to the West.
NOHAB in sweden got license from emd to build two versions.
one diesel and one eloco for the swedish state railroads.
they made one four axel unit and one six axel unit both types went as export to Denmark and Norway .
the moast of these units went to DSB i Denmark.
But those units was bought back to sweden by private rail companies.
i know one unit that had a blue and white livery with gm painted on a side and b side.
the e loco was built by NOHB and the electrical parts from ASEA.
there are two e units in preservation at swedish state railrway museum and both are in perfect condtion and they pull special trains.
thanks for the intresting video on early diesel locos.
🇸🇪🇸🇪👍🇸🇪👍👍👍🇸🇪
As far as I know all the NOHAB/EMD locomotives were single engine, but with 3-axle bogies that might have been derived from the EMD E-units.
@@uncipaws7643 could be
since swedish state railways only bought locos acording to there own specs.
the nohab dielsel was for the export market.
exept rapid loco witch was a collab between sj, nohab and asea.
🇸🇪🇸🇪👍👍👍👍👍👍
@@odenviking Denmark even ordered a lightweight version (MX) with 16 t axle load for branch lines.
@@uncipaws7643 yes they did i
do not know if any of the private rail companies bought those mx locos.
but i know that they bought tmz locos from denmark for use on the swedish rail system.
@@odenviking A number of MX are still in use in both Denmark and Sweden:
CFL cargo Danmark: 2 (MX 1023, 1029).
Regionstog: 1 (MX 1005=42).
Midtjyske Jernbaner: 1 (MX 1025=26).
Inlandsbanan: 4 (TMX 1013, 1014, 1016, 1021=104).
Contec Rail: 3 (MX 1006, 1008, 1009)
Svensk Tågkraft: 8 (TMX 1004, 1009, 1012, 1031, 1033, 1038, 1041, 1042).
BSM Järnväg: 1 (TMX 1032).
Railcare Tåg: 1 (TMX 1032).
BK Tåg: 2 (TMX 1024, 1027).
TTT: 1 (TMX 1015).
Always a pleasure to watch your videos. Great presentation and always filled with information about the evolution of those things that rode on rails.
Thanks!
Great video
Thank you
Appreciated the pictures of Ashland VA as well as the shot of Richmond’s Union Station. The latter is now the science museum, most trains using the Amshack on the edge of town. Sic transit gloria mundi!
One little thing: IN 1940, there was no Seaboard Coast Line. Seaboard Air Line.Railroad. that's all.
lov the video, and the e and f locos
Thanks for the video. :-)
The Louisville and Nashville Railroad bought the last E6s and had the most E6s. The last ones were made in April 1942.
Great Video! Personally, I think the E units are some of the best looking streamlined locomotives ever built!
I'm noticing the Zephyr Truck in the credits and remember one picture that's a lot more flattering, from Lucius Beebe's book High Iron. Think it's the last page (or else the last section: Speed) shows a Zephyr observation car from a crouching position with emphasis on the streamlined wheeltruck. Lot's of info in this video! Thanks alot.
Living in Northern suburbs of Chicago I had the Northwestern and Milwaukee roads to watch back in the fifties and sixties steam was gone streamliners were in service. I rode pullman service north to Michigan's upper peninsula and south to the Gulf coast when I was very young. I saw the Turbo trains come and go I watched as one cleared the Rondout junction plates by a foot pushing around 100 mph as it went through. I stand on the pedestrian path, at Rondout, that replaced the electric North Shoreline to watch Freights, Amtrak and the local suburban trains. Good overview.
Most informative video I have ever seen on this excellent subject. Very good job. I salute you.😊🎉
The Santa Fe “war bonnet” livery, at least I think is what’s called is such a classic design. I don’t think I’ve ever seen one I like better.
I’m not a huge rail fan but find the history of railroads interesting,
We are so fortunate to have had the rail system during WW2, too many people don’t appreciate the contribution rail played. They just bitch about being delayed at crossings……..
Excellent video. It is very informative and has some excellent photographs. The EMD F Units are some of my favourite locomotives. Thank you.
Glad you enjoyed it
3:49 love it!
Seaboard Coast Line didn't form until 1967.
good video
Excellent video, very informative 👍
Love it ❤ thank you !! Great old lifestyle photos!!
Great video. Very informative, however there is a small punctuation error in the title. The apostrophe should be after the "s" in Motors not before. Any time a word ending in "s" is used to show possession, the opostrophe goes after the "s".
Great job enjoyed this video. Very informative and while I enjoyed the humor don’t give up your day job lol
This is a great video.
NS inherited the Pennsy/Conrail E-8's for their Executive train. Now they're painted Tuscan red with the gold pin striping.
Need more of this! Can do only so much avaition. Seen coming ? It was coming since 1937 latest. What does this have to do with train design?
Never stop with the dad jokes. Great video as always!
Glad you like them!
Fascinating!
Excellent job…very in depth video!
Thanks for another
Great great video alcoguy
Your welcome!
Great documentary; those heavy old locomotives looked fantastic. Shame passenger rail almost got organized out of existence by the road and then the air lobby leaving just commuter and tourist lines. But there's a renaissance now with those Brightline trainsets which, if not subject to a new bunch of dirty tricks, could spread successfully to dozens of places. As has been found in the UK, it's just not possible to bulldoze old city center areas and suburbs for new high speed tracks without vested interest groups stonewalling forever, so the good old days of continental rail can't come back. And even if they could who, apart from a tourist, wants to take 3 days to go where an airplane can go in six hours.
It would be good to look at the units that are still running in Australia. There's a few in active service still
lots of information for sure. thanks
You bet
WWII was could be seen coming years before 12/7/41
I'm sorry if i was not clear. I was speaking of the transport revolution, that the new technology brought on by WWII sparked. Such as, the in enhancement's in aircraft as well as the fact that there were now so many of them available as surplus for cheep.
Thanks for watching!
The only thing I would add to this is that the E-5's primary difference from the E-4 was the addition of the stainless-steel body panels, making it specific to the Burlington.
YES YEEES YEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEES- Plankton !
Still waiting for a place to pause the video so I can get back to work…
15:40 th3 TA locomotives had a single prime mover and two axle four wheel trucks. The "T: stand for one "T"housand power
The E-4's featured a unique tip out nose door to mate with the diaphragm of the passenger cars
1:44 damn that sounds like my budget today!
Nice Job ,, I'm a budd fan ,, Terrific Video
Thanks 👍
Sounds familiar to what's happening today. Same skepticism about switching to all electric vehicles today. Innovation is what keeps the economy alive.
Economy is like a religion for some ppl. Although when you consider the history of the Earth the economy and especially the Western version is very recent. The Earth will still orbit the Sun regardless.
A great video describing the development of rail, air and truck transportation. Then throw in the epa/fuel consumption.
Add politics with federal grants.
Youve covered all the bases.
The jokes and humor are cool 😉
Nice video! Streamline diesels are so awesome. That would have been weird to have a swimming pool on a train, how would the water stay in its place?
will you talk about any export units?
That would depend on the availability of material for said locomotive. Did you have one in mind you would like me to make a video on?
@@alcobufff perhaps the EMD G8s and G12s or the Clyde Engineering Bulldog nose diesels
I was a post war train collector, mainly Lionel, but not limited to them.
I know nothing about the rail ways, it's Loco's and rolling stock. but the model trains yes.
I'm 75, and very ill. passing my collections on to our adult kids / families...
never was interested in the electronic of these current train sets. have one sound car, box car. awesome... If the rail road would dress up the interior of their passenger cars,
AND MAINTAIN THEM KEEP THEM CLEAN, people would be more inclined to ride the rails for the fun of it. I personally do not care for the lay out of the private sleepers, old furnishings, out dated...
dull grungy looking, The fifties had more going then here soon to be 2025.....
Very informative
Thanks mate.
Hare Krishna.
@13:33 Burlington Northern Zephyr, LOL!
24:10 Is that North Elizabeth Station, No Elizabeth, NJ??
Granny's Old Hoover could pull the flooring off my apartment floor
No...that vacuum is a KIRBY!! I was a salesman briefly in early 2000s. .but little sales due to economic downturn. But also tried FULLER BRUSH house cleaning products are Very EXCELLENT!!
If you wish to buy a full size E-8A unit, there is one for sale. Priced at $158,000. Batteries need replacing.
"Batteries not included" LOL
The sal E6 introduced the door on the nose.
The door on the nose is an abomination jus sayin
Nice!!!!
13:56 Did he say speeds of several hundreds miles per hour?
Are you able to share the source for the photo at 23:50? What a great shot! Is it publicly available?
What trains had swimming pools in them ??
This was a proposal from the late 30's early 40's. As fair as I know, It did not even make it to the concept stage. Thanks' for watching!
In the American market they are lower and have a greater supply compared to the European market (the U.K. has a quantity of material but the prices are a little high). Kato doesn't even see himself and I know he has good material. German companies do it with quality but at a high price. Yes, there are other companies but they are in the U.K. and soon the pre-payment skyrockets. Yes, nowadays the sets are better and I speak from experience. I miss seeing Bachmann and Atlas here. Perhaps it is the size of the market that creates the conditions. You are lucky, you don't even know. I have N scale, all american, and boy some times ......😢. Expensive and there is nothing.
15:31 "with 6-axle trucks" .. Did you mean 3-axle rucks, for a total of 6 axles? or is the other commenter correct that the locomotive had n fact 4 axles, total?
I referring to there being 6 axles total. Sorry for the confusion.
32:09 😂😂😂😂
Stories like railroads in the 50s to 70s makes me hate the heck out of the ICC
like train
You really are a diesel guy. Slow, powerless, with a huge turbo lag.
I couldn't get past the first 2m 28s. The man doing the voiceover is SO angry ! He sounds like he read this on the day his wife handed him divorce papers !
I like your presentation, but please stop with the “not to mention”.
33:50 Sounds like the governments needs to own the railway right of way too, this will make it fair.
4:02 So early Diesel Electric Locomotives used in america were the same boxcabs popular in Europe and Japan and elsewhere. why this design is extinct in America (exports only, no domestic markets at all)? too dangerous? too expensive or what?
15:05 Early road diesel locomotives here isn't even streamlined. it is simple ugly flatface boxcab, the design that's more successful elsewhere in the world outside North America.
I don't like the narration of this video.
this is supposed to be about EMD's "E" units no Alco. You are totally biased toward Alco and should not be talking about GM locomotives, plus you really don't have a speaking voice for this sort of video.
If I were "totally biased" I would not have mentioned the PA's issues that doomed it. As for having alco in this documentary at all, I'm telling the whole story by doing so, by giving all relevant background info. As for my voice, I can't do anything about what the big guy upstairs gave me.
The Alco PA more glamorous than the E or F?! No way. Especially the earlier Es with the slantier nose, which were the best looking ever made.
Speaking of alcothe RS #3#4#5 gets my 2 ND place vote