I served Low Mass at 6:30 this morning (Octave of Pentecost) with my kid brother, probably about my 20th time. It's really a breeze now I've got it down. It was a little difficult and tense the first couple times but it's definately worth the time and sweat and it gets easy with time.
I used to serve TLM from 8-12 years of age and its been 5 years since ive served this video has brought back my knowledge of serving and helped a lot with my understanding again it goes hand in hand with the serving booklet that i have
I like Latin mass, iam from india, Andhra Pradesh, Nellore diocese, Seetha Ramapuram Parish, my Parish priest name is Rev.Fr.Kandula.Udayakumar. my church name is our lady of perpetual help church. My first Parish priest name is Rev.Fr.Joseph Biscop, (RIP) from London. Thanks to lord Jesus Christ Amen.
This is most interesting. Long ago when I was an Anglican I attended a Novus Ordo funeral. All through the prayers everyone was standing. I felt increasingly wretched, & in the end decided to risk giving offence to others present & knelt. Some people frowned, but no-one said anything.
I can never be an Alter boy/Server (not sure of correct title) but there was something very beautiful, very soothing and calming watching this. Never been to a TLM, was raised going to N O yet some how this had a familiarity to it. And I felt very drawn in.
Yes, and thank you for showing, once again, how our hearts are moved by encounter with the sacred, even through a video on RUclips! There IS something "different" about the "choreography" of the TLM that "draws you in." I have only attended the TLM since 2010 but, recently, had occasion to attend a well done, reverent NO Mass. It did NOT feel "familiar" to me but actually very foreign and strange. Yes, it was valid and fed me the Eucharist but the "choreography," the "rhythm" all felt "out of step". There was altogether too much "visible and vocal" participation to the point of distraction. It was as if silence had been banished from the Mass, and the role of the priest appeared almost secondary, as if his primary role was to be there to speak the words of consecration but otherwise sit on the sidelines. It was all very reverent and respectful, I just didn't feel like I was in a Catholic setting. The TLM does change you!
The person who who uploaded it is not affiliated with the people who made it in any way but I’m sure that the uploader and the makers of the video would all be very happy to have God’s blessing. 👍
27:42 For Parishes that follow the 1958 Missal, or where customary, the servers will start a second confiteor after the Priest consumes the Precious Blood.
Lol sometimes at the noon Mass it'll be 12:03 or something and I start wondering if Father forgot about us but I guess he is just putting on all those vestments.
@@SKai-tt22 best not to reveal personal information randomly on the internet even if it is just a person’s real name… but purely out of curiosity, why do you ask?
Please check on the subtitles for hearing impaired and introduction before clicking on video. Something strange is going on. The introductory subtitles must have gotten mixed up somehow with someone else's contemporary poem.
I begin as an alter boy 60 years ago. at 66 I still volenteer to serve in mass in my small retitement community. It is the most peaceful bliss I have known in my long life.
I hope that if the Tridentine rite comes back, it will be like the "dialog masses" of the 1950s, when the whole congregation joined in saying/sing the server's responses--so the priests prayers were spoken for all to hear as well.
I don't know who, if anyone, owns the copyright for this video. It may be public domain but I don't know. I have posted this with the expectation that if there is an objection for copyright infringement, I will respect it and remove the video. No one, thus far, has objected. Feel free to re-post this with subtitles but, if the copyright holder (if any) objects, we should honor their objection.
Confidence in what? Can you suggest a better video, provide specific details on the deficiencies of this one? Otherwise you're just a graceless troll offering darkness as a comment.
I’m pretty sure that particular detail is one that is somewhat based on local traditions. I’ve seen it done some places and not done other places… I believe it is actually relatively uncommon these days.
@@johnnydoe7846 The servers always kiss the cruits at every Latin Mass I have attended. I wouldnt say it is uncommon, but still observed widely. But who knows
Isn't the acolyte who handles the missal always opposite the missal? I don't know that there is a theological reason for this, but there is a very practical reason -- so he can see the priest's hand signal when the the epistle is finished.
No, AC 1 always handles the missal, it is AC 2's job to say Deo gratias when the epistle is finished because AC 1 is not always able to see the priests hand because of the vestments the priest has on
White wine is now used for practical reasons. Red wine used to be more common in the past. An explanation for this comes from a former priest in my home parish. He said you take white wine to prevent confusion with blood. If the contents of the chalice suddenly became red during Mass, a miracle would have to be assumed.
@@szymongorczynski7621 As I already said it is being done for practical reasons. The colour is simply your priests own decision, but it is better not to use red whine for the mentioned reasons. The other question sounds a bit too belligerent.
He should decline to receive. Embarrassment shouldn't be an issue. There are multiple reasons why a server might not receive, such as serving more than two Masses in a day, illness, or not observing the Communion fast. I've attended numerous Masses where a server didn't receive. It doesn't necessarily mean he's not in the state of grace. Assume the best but, if the server needs to go to Confession, he should refrain from Communion until he does.
@@praneetekka1002 Anyone who knows they are not in the state of grace, i.e. conscious of a mortal sin committed, should pursue Confession as soon as possible. A server not in the state of grace has access to a priest whom he can approach and say "I need to go to Confession." Perhaps he may have to wait until after Mass and decline to receive Communion. But, having already expressed contrition ("I need to go to Confession") should suffice to be in the presence of God on the altar without guilt or sacrilege. But, overall, no one is barred from a church for not being in the state of grace. Being there could move one to contrition for sins committed. Throughout the life of Our Lord, sinners were in His presence. Some were moved, others were not. But He didn't send any away with instructions not to come back until you're free of sin!
I learned that when a server cannot receive the Eucharist, he should place a finger vertically in front of his mouth to signal to the priest. This signal would probably be understood by any priest even if the signal is not customarily used at his parish.
How an altar server would lift up the chasuble during the elevation of the host and win during the consecration, will he lift it up by his left hand at its middle bottom?
This was primarily filmed in the Holy Family Cathedral in Tulsa, Oklahoma. (Some of the scenes with brick in the background were filmed at different location and added in postproduction editing.)
In my youth, the bell was rung once at the first genuflection, once at the elevation, and once at the second genuflection. I don't think there's a real "should" here. The custom was that bells were rung at the genuflections and elevations. Apparently local customs varied. I'd never heard the bells rung three times at the elevations until returning to the Latin Mass in a FSSP setting.
@@TerryCarrollSharedSermons it is amazing how many little details varied by local customs even in the Latin Mass. Mostly all the obvious and critical aspects were the same but way more little details varied from place to place than a lot of people realize.
Ideally the sever would memorize the responses (they are always the same). However it is not uncommon for servers to use little cards or even a small Missal (book) to read the responses. That being said though the most proper way is for the servers to memorize the responses.
I have no idea. I don't even remember where I found this video. It's not mine. Maybe the owner will discover this here, ask me to take it down, answer all your questions, and point us to where he might be selling it.
@@cardboardcapeii4286 funny you should say that actually… the church with the brick walls in a couple of the shots was probably actually in in it’s prime somewhere around the 70’s. (The shots where there is a brick background are in a different church than the rest of the video.)
This tradition is a device that segregates those in power and those in servitude. It attends to the glorification of the celebrant, keeps him the only one responsible for the presence of God, and ensures that the people of God remain out of the process. This service is not at the roots of the Catholic faith but an attempt to make the Rites of the Church a mystery that the populous could not understand and, therefore, needed the priests to earn salvation. It’s all about control, which these men have always craved. The true Eucharistic Celebration is a joyful community that joins, sings, and prays as equal participants taking on their respective roles. No one is in a telephone booth, with their beads, talking directly to God during the service. Everyone has a destiny to fulfill. You all have been misguided, and for that, I am sorry. 😢
Thank you for reflections which, as a Catholic, I judge wide of the mark. No faithful Catholic understands the theology of the Mass as you describe. The Mass is the highest exercise of the virtue of religion which, you may know, is part of the virtue of justice. In the Mass, we offer to God what is His due. Catholics understand this as offering to God the Father the Sacrifice of His Son in an unbloody but real manner. It is a re-presentation of the Sacrifice of Calvary which could hardly be described as "a joyful community that joins, sings, and prays as equal participants taking on their respective roles." Being present at Mass is the primary form of participation just as it was on Calvary. I don't expect you to understand or agree with me here because you are not seeing the Mass through a Catholic lens informed by faith. But, if you would like to hear an enthusiastic Catholic speak about the Mass after his conversion from Anglicanism, watch Gavin Ashenden only yesterday at ruclips.net/video/z9wmh9ad8C0/видео.html. You are welcome to comment. Just understand that you are in a Catholic space and respect those who post here.
You are assuming that the greatest way to participate is such a supernatural event as the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass: one of the greatest most sublime mysteries of our holy Catholic and Apostolic Faith, is by frequent and active vocal response to the priest; when in reality the greatest way to participate in the Mass is by spiritual union, that is by the contemplation of the supreme mystery that is taking place on the altar. This is why silence is needed. This is why holy music as gregorian chant in needed. This is why a mysterious holy language as Latin, set aside from profane use is needed in the ritualistic formulas. This is why beautiful heavenly architecture that lifts the mind to contemplation is needed. The Mass is supposed to be theocentric, focused entirely on God, not on the horizontal dimension of the community, because it is not a protestant banquet, or a common prayer meeting. It is the Calvary Sacrifice, and aside from the homily, which indeed made in the local language, the purpose of the Mass is not for you to understand all the ritualistic formulas, but it's for you to relive the Calvary. This is why praying the holy rosary and meditating on the sorrowful mysteries is highly recommended to fully participate. This is why the sense of sacred, which even a child can grasp, is needed. Your spiritual participation is what matters. The "old mass" is not just an ancient rite, but it's the Apostolic Mass which slowly and organically developed though the course of the centuries by the hands of the Saints; not by the hands of a liturgical commission that artificially assembled a new rite, as what happened in the 1960s. The "old Mass" is the Mass that sanctified the greatest Saints, it's the famous mass that Saint Padre Pio celebrated.
I served my first TLM yesterday, and this video was very helpful for learning. Long live the Traditional Latin Mass. INRI.
How are you doing? I am learning to serve and am very excited.
Have you served yet? If so how was it
I served Low Mass at 6:30 this morning (Octave of Pentecost) with my kid brother, probably about my 20th time. It's really a breeze now I've got it down. It was a little difficult and tense the first couple times but it's definately worth the time and sweat and it gets easy with time.
I started serving last week as well, served about 6 low masses and it gets easier every time
@@Johnny.Bronze that great. Ive started serving over a month ago and its great. Will serve on my own next week too. God bless
I used to serve TLM from 8-12 years of age and its been 5 years since ive served this video has brought back my knowledge of serving and helped a lot with my understanding again it goes hand in hand with the serving booklet that i have
This video is a classic on service. God bless those involved and long live Tradition.
I like Latin mass, iam from india, Andhra Pradesh, Nellore diocese, Seetha Ramapuram Parish, my Parish priest name is Rev.Fr.Kandula.Udayakumar. my church name is our lady of perpetual help church. My first Parish priest name is Rev.Fr.Joseph Biscop, (RIP) from London. Thanks to lord Jesus Christ Amen.
This is most interesting. Long ago when I was an Anglican I attended a Novus Ordo funeral. All through the prayers everyone was standing. I felt increasingly wretched, & in the end decided to risk giving offence to others present & knelt. Some people frowned, but no-one said anything.
I can never be an Alter boy/Server (not sure of correct title) but there was something very beautiful, very soothing and calming watching this. Never been to a TLM, was raised going to N O yet some how this had a familiarity to it. And I felt very drawn in.
Yes, and thank you for showing, once again, how our hearts are moved by encounter with the sacred, even through a video on RUclips! There IS something "different" about the "choreography" of the TLM that "draws you in."
I have only attended the TLM since 2010 but, recently, had occasion to attend a well done, reverent NO Mass. It did NOT feel "familiar" to me but actually very foreign and strange. Yes, it was valid and fed me the Eucharist but the "choreography," the "rhythm" all felt "out of step". There was altogether too much "visible and vocal" participation to the point of distraction. It was as if silence had been banished from the Mass, and the role of the priest appeared almost secondary, as if his primary role was to be there to speak the words of consecration but otherwise sit on the sidelines.
It was all very reverent and respectful, I just didn't feel like I was in a Catholic setting. The TLM does change you!
Great video, I would love to serve the latin mass someday.
I wish I could too. Sadly most priests in the Philippines have no interest in this kind of mass.
@@instantinople3796 not bcuz of no interest, it's bcuz the holy father said that we can only celebrate it with the bishops permition
@@charitodelacruz7882 and/or depending on the style or structure of the sanctuary,
You can kiss your wish goodbye. This current pope is a buffoon.
@@charitodelacruz7882 I don't care what that apostate, that bows to pagan goddess, says or orders.
Sede vacante 1958
God bless you for making such a great instructional video! Very helpful
The person who who uploaded it is not affiliated with the people who made it in any way but I’m sure that the uploader and the makers of the video would all be very happy to have God’s blessing. 👍
27:42 For Parishes that follow the 1958 Missal, or where customary, the servers will start a second confiteor after the Priest consumes the Precious Blood.
Lol sometimes at the noon Mass it'll be 12:03 or something and I start wondering if Father forgot about us but I guess he is just putting on all those vestments.
Am training to serve this video is extremely helpful . Thank you so much Ave Maria 💖
Me too with the FSSPX. Good luck!
@@XTileriusX Am with the SSPX viva Christo Ray 💪
@@ragejinraver Are you applying to STAS?
@@XTileriusX what's that ?
@@ragejinraver Saint Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Virginia
I know this priest and both altar servers well. Haven't seen this in years! These boys are in their 30's!
How time flies!
@@SKai-tt22 best not to reveal personal information randomly on the internet even if it is just a person’s real name… but purely out of curiosity, why do you ask?
Please check on the subtitles for hearing impaired and introduction before clicking on video.
Something strange is going on. The introductory subtitles must have gotten mixed up somehow with someone else's contemporary poem.
I begin as an alter boy 60 years ago. at 66 I still volenteer to serve in mass in my small retitement community. It is the most peaceful bliss I have known in my long life.
I hope that if the Tridentine rite comes back, it will be like the "dialog masses" of the 1950s, when the whole congregation joined in saying/sing the server's responses--so the priests prayers were spoken for all to hear as well.
where do you live?
Cacophony.
Most parishes celebrate that way. Nobody does the mass the antique way except for very solem masses like Passover
I am going to serve (alone on top of IT) next sunday, I've Been watching and rewatching this over and over! Pray for me that I don't make a blunder
How was it?
@@jeremierosa1555 thanks, Quite fine, I made some minor mistakes but the priest was benevolent
Bless this Video ✝️
This video was a huge help!
Very helpful, thank you
So very amazing 🙂
Very helpful!! Although for my parish, if it’s one server, we kneel opposite to the open missal.
Same, that was the way our priest and the more experienced servers told me it was done.
Thank you I learned a lot this information was new to me Thank you.
Great video 👍👍
Immense help, Deo gratias
Great video. Could i use your video, add polish subtitles and upload ? It would be very helpful fol altar servers in Poland. God Bless you.
I don't know who, if anyone, owns the copyright for this video. It may be public domain but I don't know. I have posted this with the expectation that if there is an objection for copyright infringement, I will respect it and remove the video. No one, thus far, has objected. Feel free to re-post this with subtitles but, if the copyright holder (if any) objects, we should honor their objection.
@@TerryCarrollSharedSermons oo9000
Out of curiosity did you make a version with Polish subtitles? If you did then I would love to see the link to that.
Thanks
Helps a lot🤩😄
Yellow And Black Cinctures Are Forbidden? Where That Came From?
It would inspire more confidence if the priest and server got their latin right
Confidence in what? Can you suggest a better video, provide specific details on the deficiencies of this one? Otherwise you're just a graceless troll offering darkness as a comment.
Their latin is perfectly said.
Why do the servers kiss the cruits before presenting to the priest?
I’m pretty sure that particular detail is one that is somewhat based on local traditions. I’ve seen it done some places and not done other places… I believe it is actually relatively uncommon these days.
@@johnnydoe7846 The servers always kiss the cruits at every Latin Mass I have attended. I wouldnt say it is uncommon, but still observed widely. But who knows
Isn't the acolyte who handles the missal always opposite the missal? I don't know that there is a theological reason for this, but there is a very practical reason -- so he can see the priest's hand signal when the the epistle is finished.
No, AC 1 always handles the missal, it is AC 2's job to say Deo gratias when the epistle is finished because AC 1 is not always able to see the priests hand because of the vestments the priest has on
One question though... Why the red wine and not the white, which is customary in the Latin Roman Rite?
Nikolai Buchenkov Here in Brazil they use the red wine in every single mass, even in the Novus Ordo. I think you can choose
It can be either red or white. We use white in my parish. It's called Agnus Dei if I'm not mistaken.
White wine is now used for practical reasons. Red wine used to be more common in the past. An explanation for this comes from a former priest in my home parish. He said you take white wine to prevent confusion with blood. If the contents of the chalice suddenly became red during Mass, a miracle would have to be assumed.
@@Ul.BI have never seen white wine being used. Where do you live that this is customary?
@@szymongorczynski7621 As I already said it is being done for practical reasons. The colour is simply your priests own decision, but it is better not to use red whine for the mentioned reasons. The other question sounds a bit too belligerent.
Hi Terry! I've one question. If the altar server is not in the state of grace to receive the Holy Eucharist, then what should he do?
He should decline to receive.
Embarrassment shouldn't be an issue. There are multiple reasons why a server might not receive, such as serving more than two Masses in a day, illness, or not observing the Communion fast. I've attended numerous Masses where a server didn't receive. It doesn't necessarily mean he's not in the state of grace.
Assume the best but, if the server needs to go to Confession, he should refrain from Communion until he does.
Should he be on the altar to adore the eucharist?
@@praneetekka1002 Anyone who knows they are not in the state of grace, i.e. conscious of a mortal sin committed, should pursue Confession as soon as possible. A server not in the state of grace has access to a priest whom he can approach and say "I need to go to Confession." Perhaps he may have to wait until after Mass and decline to receive Communion. But, having already expressed contrition ("I need to go to Confession") should suffice to be in the presence of God on the altar without guilt or sacrilege. But, overall, no one is barred from a church for not being in the state of grace. Being there could move one to contrition for sins committed. Throughout the life of Our Lord, sinners were in His presence. Some were moved, others were not. But He didn't send any away with instructions not to come back until you're free of sin!
I learned that when a server cannot receive the Eucharist, he should place a finger vertically in front of his mouth to signal to the priest. This signal would probably be understood by any priest even if the signal is not customarily used at his parish.
This is really a clear instruction. How do I buy a copy of it?
@marybeahm2556 still looking to buy a copy?
Actually If one server step in the gospel side after putting the birreta in the chair
How an altar server would lift up the chasuble during the elevation of the host and win during the consecration, will he lift it up by his left hand at its middle bottom?
Exactly
That's how to do it. It's easy.
Both masses are valid, but I think this mass should be reserved for special feast days/ holy days while the novus ordo should be the default.
this is just a low mass, wait till you see a high mass, or a solemn high mass!
Fr. Joseph Orlowski, FSSP!
Man how I wish there was a Latin Mass here in the Philippines..
Edit: There is at New Manila, QC
There is TLM in New Manila, QC at Our Lady of Victories
@@pticman oh thanks, it's just that it's a little distant from where I live
Reverent!
Where is this beautiful church located and what is the name of the church?
This was primarily filmed in the Holy Family Cathedral in Tulsa, Oklahoma. (Some of the scenes with brick in the background were filmed at different location and added in postproduction editing.)
Where’s the confiteor before the communion
The 1962 Missal does not require the Confiteor before Communion.
@@TerryCarrollSharedSermons I still say (serve) the Confiteor before Holy Communion. Sadly, our Mass is now banned as from Easter.
At the prayer Domine non sum dignus, shouldn't it be 1st time ring the bell once, 2nd time ring twice and 3rd time ring tree times?
In my youth, the bell was rung once at the first genuflection, once at the elevation, and once at the second genuflection. I don't think there's a real "should" here. The custom was that bells were rung at the genuflections and elevations. Apparently local customs varied. I'd never heard the bells rung three times at the elevations until returning to the Latin Mass in a FSSP setting.
@@TerryCarrollSharedSermons it is amazing how many little details varied by local customs even in the Latin Mass. Mostly all the obvious and critical aspects were the same but way more little details varied from place to place than a lot of people realize.
do they ever have a handout with the responses on, or are they meant to just know what to say?
They servers say prayers and responses during the mass which are always the same, so yeah they just learn them
There are cards printed with the server responses, but after a couple of months most servers have the responses memorized.
Ideally the sever would memorize the responses (they are always the same). However it is not uncommon for servers to use little cards or even a small Missal (book) to read the responses. That being said though the most proper way is for the servers to memorize the responses.
W TLM!!
Helpful and all...but the shoe noises...
Curt D maybe you suffer from misaphonia like me 😟
I know right
where is this church??
I have no idea. I don't even remember where I found this video. It's not mine. Maybe the owner will discover this here, ask me to take it down, answer all your questions, and point us to where he might be selling it.
@@TerryCarrollSharedSermons oh, ok ic thanks!
It is Holy Family Cathedral Church in Tulsa Oklahoma
@@alessandrocalderoni5096 that is correct… I’m kind of curious how you know though?
@@johnnydoe7846 It's where I became a priest through ordination so I'm very familiar with the cathedral's interior/exterior
Is this joseph simik
this looks like it was filmed in the 70s
Lol it is old but not quite that old.
@@johnnydoe7846 I meant the camera quality or resolution and the way it looks
@@cardboardcapeii4286 true
@@cardboardcapeii4286 funny you should say that actually… the church with the brick walls in a couple of the shots was probably actually in in it’s prime somewhere around the 70’s. (The shots where there is a brick background are in a different church than the rest of the video.)
mid 2000's
I wish I could but I’m a woman 💔
Don't worry, singing at the coral is very beautyfull too!
This tradition is a device that segregates those in power and those in servitude. It attends to the glorification of the celebrant, keeps him the only one responsible for the presence of God, and ensures that the people of God remain out of the process. This service is not at the roots of the Catholic faith but an attempt to make the Rites of the Church a mystery that the populous could not understand and, therefore, needed the priests to earn salvation. It’s all about control, which these men have always craved. The true Eucharistic Celebration is a joyful community that joins, sings, and prays as equal participants taking on their respective roles. No one is in a telephone booth, with their beads, talking directly to God during the service. Everyone has a destiny to fulfill. You all have been misguided, and for that, I am sorry. 😢
Thank you for reflections which, as a Catholic, I judge wide of the mark. No faithful Catholic understands the theology of the Mass as you describe. The Mass is the highest exercise of the virtue of religion which, you may know, is part of the virtue of justice. In the Mass, we offer to God what is His due. Catholics understand this as offering to God the Father the Sacrifice of His Son in an unbloody but real manner. It is a re-presentation of the Sacrifice of Calvary which could hardly be described as "a joyful community that joins, sings, and prays as equal participants taking on their respective roles." Being present at Mass is the primary form of participation just as it was on Calvary. I don't expect you to understand or agree with me here because you are not seeing the Mass through a Catholic lens informed by faith. But, if you would like to hear an enthusiastic Catholic speak about the Mass after his conversion from Anglicanism, watch Gavin Ashenden only yesterday at ruclips.net/video/z9wmh9ad8C0/видео.html.
You are welcome to comment. Just understand that you are in a Catholic space and respect those who post here.
You are assuming that the greatest way to participate is such a supernatural event as the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass: one of the greatest most sublime mysteries of our holy Catholic and Apostolic Faith, is by frequent and active vocal response to the priest; when in reality the greatest way to participate in the Mass is by spiritual union, that is by the contemplation of the supreme mystery that is taking place on the altar. This is why silence is needed. This is why holy music as gregorian chant in needed. This is why a mysterious holy language as Latin, set aside from profane use is needed in the ritualistic formulas. This is why beautiful heavenly architecture that lifts the mind to contemplation is needed.
The Mass is supposed to be theocentric, focused entirely on God, not on the horizontal dimension of the community, because it is not a protestant banquet, or a common prayer meeting. It is the Calvary Sacrifice, and aside from the homily, which indeed made in the local language, the purpose of the Mass is not for you to understand all the ritualistic formulas, but it's for you to relive the Calvary. This is why praying the holy rosary and meditating on the sorrowful mysteries is highly recommended to fully participate. This is why the sense of sacred, which even a child can grasp, is needed. Your spiritual participation is what matters.
The "old mass" is not just an ancient rite, but it's the Apostolic Mass which slowly and organically developed though the course of the centuries by the hands of the Saints; not by the hands of a liturgical commission that artificially assembled a new rite, as what happened in the 1960s. The "old Mass" is the Mass that sanctified the greatest Saints, it's the famous mass that Saint Padre Pio celebrated.