Making Glacial (95%) Acetic Acid from Vinegar
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- Опубликовано: 31 май 2024
- In this video I turn household vinegar into glacial acetic acid using some neat chemistry while having my hotplate almost obliterated.
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0:00 Intro
2:40 Making Anhydrous Sodium Acetate
3:50 The Hotplate Incident
4:07 Making Anhydrous Sodium Acetate
8:22 Making Glacial Acetic Acid
13:22 Experiments With Glacial Acetic Acid
16:21 Outro
#beautiful
#chemistry
#experiment
#interesting
#fire
#demonstration
#science
good tip from my lab - wrap the hotplate in aluminium foil, 1-2 layers. if u spill, it doesnt ruin the hotplate top and is easy to clean.
That actually seems lika a pretty good tip, I will try to remember to use is in a future video :)
@@Amateur.Chemistry Especially fun, I mean useful when handling bromine. 😈
@@Simlatio ah, yes, bromine, famously a thing that people casually pour into things that are sitting on hot plates.
Plus, aluminum is famously unreactive, especially when hot. Also helps give your setup that extra uber-professional look.
@@davidfetter Our Polish friend here is a known fan of Tom's content, hence the subtle reference to one of his videos titled 'Making Bromine from BCDMH (Spa Disinfectant)'.
I can tell that your Dad really loves you. It's great to have a strong support system. It's comforting and helpful, and loving!
Yeah, without him this channel would be impossible to even start, he is really helpful :)
Shutout to Handyman dad for repair XD
Great to see a good polish chemistry channel doing stuff in such a nice professional way! Can not wait to see what else you will show in the future!
@Amateur.Chemistry 12:18 That crystal brick is easily soluble in water with the exception of that black tar or whatever those organic impurities might be. If you want, you can keep that sodium sulfate, recrystallize it, dehydrate it and use as a drying agent for organic solvents. And since you mentioned that you used some sulfuric acid in excess, there is also some sodium bisulfate aka sodium hydrogen sulfate which can substitute sulfuric acid in some reactions.
Not the chemiolis shade😭 I personally think of these channels are quite interesting
I used glacial acetic acid for final cleaning of some parts to be soldered under vacuum. If you leave it sitting too long it just dissolves the copper, especially at the liquid-air-solid interfaces but it's not nearly as aggressive as eg 1 M HCl in that regard. The advantage was that it didn't need a rinsing step, just blow it dry (works a little better with nitrogen or argon). The coating to be soldered was very thin (200 nm iirc) so we needed something that really wouldn't etch copper metal to any significant extent. The process worked well enough, after a bit of development, but it was a bit clumsy. Gold would've been easier to work with, but and the gold coatings wet beautifully and the soldered joints were initially sound but then fell apart after days or weeks.
Great to see your new video so soon!
Your setup really reminds me of my old lab like 10 years ago, where I was still struggling financially to get the required chemicals and equipment, hope my support will help you to kick start your chem-tuber career, all the best!👍
Thanks for your support! I really appreciate it :)
Cool vid. Idk if my vid on acetic acid from vinegar may have inspired this one but this is a pretty neat vid keep up the good content.
Thanks! I know that it might look like I made this video because yours was successful, but I actually record my videos with a large delay of about a month, and it just so happened that you posted before me. Your content is also great :)
@@Amateur.Chemistry ahh i see. yeah no i mean even if you did it's fine i got the general procedure from Doug's lab i just sorta compiled it and added an explaination
GAA is pocket reduction material for me but not everybody can get it easily so you showed something useful!
Where I live you can buy 80% acetic acid for cheap. I read in a 19th century manual (Dick's encyclopedia of practical processes) that it should be possible to dry 80% or higher acetic acid using anhydrous sodium sulfate followed by decanting and distillation to obtain glacial acetic acid.
Fun fact, you can freeze distill vinegar and acetate salts for a fairly good purity. I have done this for copper acetate.
You can measure the concentration of the final product with volumetric titration: react an aliquot of the glacial acetic acid with excess sodium bicarbonate and measure the volume of CO2 produced with an inverted graduated cylinder set-up.
Shoutout to dads fixing stuff we break!
I fix the stuff my dad breaks
niesamowita jakosc na tak wzglednie maly kanal swietna robota zdecydowanie tresci warte sledzenia
If you mix in a little H202 with it, you can dissolve much more copper and form copper acetate, which can grow some lovely dark blue crystals. You can do that with regular vinegar too, but there's a lot of water to get rid of.
Can it dissolve silver
Amazing editing, I hope you get more views in the future.
Hey if Nilered ain't gunna be uploading then you might aswell take his place.
Cool as always! 👌👌👌
Thank you for the video. very cool
Super! Thank you very much!
the penny is zinc with only a copper plating, you can see it started really eating away at the inner zinc where the little blue corrosion spot was.
True: That penny was from the 1990's is 97.5% Zinc, and Copper plated as you said above.
USA coins called pennies minted prior to 1983 have a face value of "1-Cent", and are 95% Copper, but have a melt value of THREE cents.
Old pennies have tripled in value!
Is it possible to concentrate using a fractional distillation set-up?
Good job
Fascinating chemistry video excellent quality chemistry video very well done sir keep up the good work 👍 also, in South Australia where I live it is perfectly legal to purchase small quantities of glacial acetic acid (purchasing containers up to but not larger than 4 litres) so it's not necessary for me to convert vinegar to glacial acetic acid if I want glacial acetic acid but still excellent quality chemistry video truly fascinating. I think that it's also worth mentioning that despite being considered a weak acid since glacial acetic acid doesn't fully dissociate in water and completely dissociating in water is what defines a strong acid glacial acetic acid is still corrosive and capable of causing severe chemical burns if in prolonged contact with large areas of skin and in addition to being corrosive glacial acetic is also moderately flammable.
I really appreciate the way you take cleaning up into account. Might there be something easier to clean than a beaker for the step where you dehydrate sodium acetate?
I could theoretically dehydrate the sodium acetate in an oven and only have a baking tray to clean, but this might also result in a large mess
@@Amateur.Chemistry you may be more skilled at chipping things out of beakers than I am, but I've lost beakers this way. Loss of a beaker isn't a huge problem because beakers are cheap, but there's glass bits of various sizes to deal with, and that part's not fun.
A gdzie kupujesz siarkowca?
Właśnie szukałem jakiegoś sensownego źródła siarkola. Ten cały "Hydraulik" świetnie się nada. Tani, mocny i bez cudowania z zaświadczeniami. EDIT: Zakupiłem i daje to radę. Mocny i w miarę czysty.
Is there a way to get from Glacial Acedic Acid to Acidic Anhydride?
Nice video bro. Have you tried to just freeze vinegar and scooping off the water periodically?
Thanks! I don't know if this would even work, haven't seen anybody do that before
@@Amateur.Chemistry I've done it with other mixtures, so I don't see why not with vinegar. I saw someone on reddit do it. :)
Where did you get H2SO4 so cheap?
I use NaOH instead of bicarbonate, that way the gas evolution isn't an issue.
I totally forgot about using NaOH, it would have made things way easier
@@Amateur.Chemistry Next time! 😁
@@EddieTheH
Carbonate has the advantage that the stopping of the foaming is an indication for the completion of the reaction.
Hey eddie, can you give me more info about your synthesis. And what concentrations did you use?
Yea, but that doesn't push the nostalgia button quite as well. Really, this is just an adult's version of your 4th-grade science fair baking soda and vinegar volcano, which is what started the life-long passion for science for some of us.
Great!
@Amateur Chemistry I suddenly had an idea for a video that you could do that no one on RUclips has ever done: you could try to do some dry distillation of nitrogenous organic matter (such as hair, horn, leather, nails, feathers, etc) to try to obtain some ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate since they are main components of smelling salts and that´s how they were made in past.
that intro music got me expecting a tone change like putin on a pair of m40's mate comparing a stinkin vintage pair of cromulent k141's, the ones your grandad got for your dad but forgot about in his garage, against some random dirtybuds found in an cashies in a nugget pile before sending then with scarlet fire
@DankPods
Isn't this used in some aerogels too?
I'm not sure that bisulfate will actually convert sodium acetate will it? I guess maybe it does if the target acid is volatile since it works for nitric. The main reaction is just the first proton of sulfuric acid right?
Bisulfate would probably work for this, and when it comes to the sulfuric acid the reaction depends on the temperature, when it is lower only one proton reacts and when it is higher they both react.
It works, but you should dry it in an oven first or you can end up with more water in your product, same as with nitric.
I was wondering, can you get the sulfuric acid at such high concentration at the hardware store in Poland? Here in the Netherlands you can only obtain like 10% as an individual. I thought that was the case in the whole EU, but maybe not? It would be interesting to hear from you how it is where you live.
It seems to be implemented mostly in countries where terrorism is a problem, if you catch my drift. Before 2014 you could buy concentrated sulfuric acid, 65% nitric acid, 30% H2O2 (even 50% "perhydrol"), pure nitromethane, alkali nitrates and chlorates freely. Guess what happened that they decided to restrict all this draconically?
How do you know that your product with the sulfate is going to be Na2SO4? What if you're stoichiometry were just 1 to 1, and then you'd have a balanced reaction with NaHSO4 as the product.
who cares
Is it possible the reaction in the yellow plastic bowl absorbed a small amount of the dye, causing it to appear during concentration?
Maybe, but there was probably also something with the vinegar since I did this reaction with it before and it also ended up being yellow
@@Amateur.Chemistry I would say that what most likely happened is that vinegar acetic acid tends to have some of its precursor still in it, and so on concentrating it as an acetate salt the leftover organic impurities decompose and form the yellowish brown tint you see the solution or the crystallized solid. It can be sugars from fermenting fruit juices, for example.
@@chemicalmaster3267 Yup. I once tried to use some cheap malt vinegar without distilling it first, it just turned into a weird mess of polymerised junk (it looked like the vinegar had athletes foot!).
can copper oxide be used to make copper acetate, make it anhidrous and use it to make the glacial acetic acid? The copper sulphate can later on be used to recicle the sulphuric acid.
Yeah, that would work.
as for anhydrous sodium acetate - it's better to melt it entirely using gas burner, then pour on steel plate. It can be easily powdered after that.
You can also use this to make various acetates I think.
Yeah, in the future I plan to make some copper acetate
Amazing job well done how are you
Thanks! I am good
I Tried It With Calcium Acetate Instead Of Sodium, I Left It A Little Longer Than What It's Supposed To, The Distillant Was Clear At First But Then It Started To Turn Yellow as The Mixture Inside Of The RBF Turned Black And Solidified, I Thought It Was Some Acetone Because I Added An Excess Of Calcium acetate And The Flask was Totally Dry After The Distillation, But Then I Saw Sort Of (White Flaskes) floating On the Top Of The Distillant (Which Is Yellow In Color And Supposed To Be Glacial Acetic Acid And Acetone Mixture), Now The Question Is What Is Those White Flakes Supposed To Be ? I Really Can't Think of Anything
I have 70% vinegar on local stores, is there any restrictions in your country ?
The highest I've seen in Canada in stores is 15%. The highest I've seen in the US recently is 30%, but in both countries you can order glacial acetic acid online.
He is in Europe. You know those EU regulations 😂
@@pingpong3311 funnily enough you can buy really concentrated acetic acid in some EU countries as "spirit of vinegar", that might be the 70% stuff OP is referring to.
Sodium acetate was probably my first synthesis... along with hydronium and co2 i guess...
What percentage of acetic acid makes an azeotrope with water?
Acetic acid actually doesn't make a water azeotrope, but it has such a close boiling point and high volatility that it is really difficult to separate it from water by distillation.
@@Amateur.Chemistry 18 C is more than enough for a rough separation, I wonder that nobody did it on youtube yet. The very last bit of water may be removed by fractional crystallization
Super film
8:51 MÆTH
Time to bring out my ears on a stand and my hd600s.
Sir ! Great video! But you should never use any petroleum type lubricants to seal the apparatus whenever you distill any acid, as it has a tendency like you seen to contaminate you're product! Next time use the h2so4! 👍
I used Glacial acetic in my lab days and when it is cold it crystallizes and looks very much like glaciers.
Tastes like them too.
You can use copper hydroxide to make copper acetate. Those loose their hydration water very easily (heated to 100C but not more) and are soluble in acetone and ethanol among other things
Furthermore, when reacting with sulfuric acid you make CuSO4.
I started this video and instantly got transported to a dankpods vid lol
Dobra robota chłopie. Zrób sobie zestaw do miareczkowania.
Glacial Acetic acid might still be available from photographic darkroom supply stores or online
Can't you use sodium hydroxide for the first step? This eliminates the foaming & math calculations (you add NaOH until pH = 7). Can you use sodium bisulfate for the second step? Sulfuric acid is hard to get in many places & hazardous to handle.
Why didn't you just use the sulfuric acid to grease the joints?
Where do you live that H2SO4 is only 4€ per liter?
Poland
Strange enough that you can still buy this in Poland. Actually, conc. Sulfuric acid (also in the form of drain cleaner) is banned in the EU - both purchasing and possessing it.
@@experimental_chemistry I know, but god praise Poland for not giving a fuck.
Where do you live?
You should have measured the boiling point of your product (to determine its purity). Also buy a burette so that you can perform titrations.
That penny is a 1993 issue, and consists of copper-plated zinc. That's why the one spot started to corrode. Given enough time, the entire point would have dissolved, leaving behind only the plating.
3:24 i saw it coming... as ai am makkiing sodium acetrate rn :))
< -- It is actually completely fine
دمت گرم
@Amateur.Chemistry - please show Chemolis how to make interesting videos. he does the science, REALLY REALLY well, but the vids are..ahem ... less than entertaining shall we say? do him a favour and teach him how to do brilliant vids like you. Thanks from us all
That such nice of you to say that my videos are more interesting than his, also thank you for writing such positive comments, they are really heartwarming to read :)
You can just go out there and buy 96% sulfuric acid like that? My country would try to lock me up for even trying to get that.
Time to move to Poland boys.
In Poland it is still theoretically illegal but actually nobody cares, Poland is the most based country when it comes to amateur chemistry :)
@@Amateur.Chemistry W Poland. I'm currently debating if I should risk ordering some from across the border or if police are gonna get to my ass
@@y33t23are you in the Eu? You can buy sulfuric acid as drain cleaner in Australia, Canada and the US. I just bought a big bottle here in Arkansas at Wal-Mart and in Ontario Canada I got it at Canadian tire and Rona.
Always grease sulfuric reactions with sulfuric, very nasty things can result of using some rando organic grease with sulfuric
to dry an acetate salt completely it needs to be molten.
Are you from Poland?
Yes
Man your dad is a giga chad
Anyone else hear "yellow is trash!"? When seeing that?
#@ExplosionsAndFire
14:20 I think it's actually the oil, not the vinegar, that makes salad disgusting after a while
Add some 25% H2O2 to it
Glacial acetic acid is easily available as its used to develop film.
Not exactly for developing, but to stop film for further developing ... "stop bath".
Then the film is to rinsed, and submerged in "fix bath", whose purpose is to get rid of not exposed silver-salts ...
I went to my local hardware store, here in USA knew of them, the one I went to, is called "Lowes". I strongly believe this hardware store to be international. It was large enough to land an airplane in. But anyways, they sell cleaning vinegar that is 30% even in the paint aisle! Btw, glacial acetic acid gets its name from "hot ice" which is sodium acetate. Pure acetic acid tends to "ice" up if it sits around for a while.
No, it's named that way because it already solidifies at temp. below 17 degrees celcius.
@@experimental_chemistry tomato tomahto
I used that for cleaning for cleaning some copper parts damaged by an electrolysis cell, and it formed really pretty copper acetate. I let that solution evaporate and the crystals it formed were also really neat. Then those will turn into copper carbonate if left out.
@@nunyabisnass1141 the benzoate and acetate salts of copper make decent blue fire too.
@@alllove1754 absolutely. If I could make my own glacial acetic acid, I'd dope it with copper acetate to see if it produces a nice greenish flame. But thats a project for more time and money.
damn
Damn indeed
good video but what if i just make it....
Polski pickle acid
A więc jesteś z Polski :D
I can easily buy 70% in store
Hydraulik ratuje życie
No, thank YOU for making glacial acetic acid
Angery vigenar.💀
Would 99% phosphoric acid work? I assume yes. Any acid that isn't a solution of water and acid should work.
Phosphoric acid would probably work, but when it is highly concentrated it is a solid that can get difficult to work with
@@Amateur.Chemistry thats interesting to know. Im a bad amateur chemist with more money than knowhow. I have some 85% phosphoric acid. Had no idea it would turn to a solid if concerted more.
Hot conc. phosphoric also destroys the glassware.
For a new pestle.
Thank you!!! In the next video where I will need a mortar and pestle I will sure buy a new one thanks to you :)
Spiced vinegar is not a pure acetic acid solution, which is why the concentrated sodium acetate solution is yellow and the bottoms in the distillation are tarry.
Instead, you should use vinegar essence, which is available in every supermarket with a concentration of 25% and is also much purer.
You can also get 60, 80 or 100 percent acetic acid easily and cheaply by ordering online. In contrast to concentrated sulfuric acid, which is banned for amateur chemists in the EU (including Poland), glacial acetic acid is not subject to any restrictions.
You can also dry distill acetic acid from acetate using anhydrous sodium bisulfate (available as a pool pH reducer in every hardware store), although you may then have to sacrifice the flask for this, because sodium bisulfate melts often cause cracks in the glass when they solidify.
To neutralize the acetic acid, I recommend washing soda instead of baking soda, it is cheaper and you only need half as much molar equivalent.
Use a clean spatula to add portions; never pour chemicals (even if it is just baking soda) directly from the storage container into the reaction container.
Sodium acetate can be safely evaporated and dehydrated in a saucepan on the stove as it does not attack stainless steel, is completely non-toxic and food safe. Drying can also be done in an open baking dish in the oven.
The concentration of glacial acetic acid can be roughly determined by measuring the density; titration is more precise, but by no means difficult. It's time for you to get a burette, volumetric flask and measuring pipette...
I recommend storing glacial acetic acid in bottles with teflon-lined lids. The fumes creep through all other closures and are not only unpleasant but also corrosive to metals.
When lighting glacial acetic acid you have to help a little: a drop of it on the tip of a spatula with sodium peroxide reacts very lively... ;-)
No serious coin collector cleans his coins with acid. Rather, he appreciates the patina that forms on the coins over the years. Nordic gold coins gradually acquire a reddish tinge when treated with acid, while copper coins become unnaturally piggy pink. In addition, if organic acids are used and subsequent neutralization/cleaning is inadequate, there is the possibility that an artificial green patina (verdigris) will gradually form. All nightmares for every numismatist!
2:58 show the calculations 🔫
Man, if you put text on your videos, make it readable. Longer lasting and not simultaneously in different places
I know that it annoys some people, in the future I will try to make the text last longer, but its mainly there just as a little funny comment that is completely optional to read, the more important text like the yield always stays for long
spirytussy
the shop you recommend is ridiculous. They never state purity information, and in many cases they don't even note the packing size or weight to their product. And prices are laughably high: 30m of normal household (thin) aluminium foil for 30€! You can get the same at the discounter for less than 10€! 🤣🤣🤣
I'm not sure advertising the fact that you hate maths is advisable. Especially with simple stoichiometric balancing equations. This is first semester grade school stuff, man. Emulate the youtube chemistry giants of yore and show your work. Otherwise it's just amateur, sans the chemistry. Sorry to rip on you. Constructive crit.
You have a good point, I don't really hate math that much but I thought that by showing otherwise it would be relatable to a lot of pepole, and demontrtate the "amateur" part of this channel separating it fron the other ones, but I see that my way of thinking could be wrong, thanks for pointing that out.
I once dropped 100ml Acetic Acid (85%) on the floor and my whole lab reeked for weeks it was terrible.
Great!