Food That Was Eaten at the First Thanksgiving - AMERICAN GROUNDNUT
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- Опубликовано: 22 ноя 2023
- Amazing Plants: American Groundnut
Species: Apios americana
Location: New York City. USA
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I used to work with a legume research group and was able to get my hands on a fairly large quantity of these tubers that were from some research breeders working on making apios commercially viable.
Some things I learned:
1. The smaller ones are sweeter and much more useful as a foodstuff.
2. Some of the specimens had a much more prominent "peanut" flavor to the tuber flesh. In fried applications this was a benefit as it seemed to make the fries and chips more interesting and distinct than the potato versions of those dishes.
3. The larger tubers had a VERY prominent astringency to the point that it was almost nauseating.
4. Apios Parmesan was not a good dish.
Love your channel. Keep up the interesting work.
Great info, thanks!
Astringent even when cooked?! Damn… I’d love to get some growing just as ornamentals and hopefully eventually have enough to taste a bit
@@isimerias Yes. The larger specimens (slightly larger than a softball) that I worked with were astringent after roasting them in a marinara sauce for about an hour. So, moral of the story is to eat the tubers while they're small and sweet. It also may have been that particular specimen's tubers. This was from a breeding collection so they were being selected for a number of traits beyond the tubers.
@@isimerias You have to cut the larger tubers into smaller pieces and boil them to cut down the astringency. It's almost not worth it unless you do it in bulk, like the native americans probably did. I assume they saved the smaller ones for frying. Knowing that, I have to assume the end result of boiling out the astringency was probably nearly indistinguishable from mashed potatoes.
I wonder if the tuber of these groundnuts are botanical true tuber or some other storage organ?
Oooh i love this plant, i call it Hopniss, and you can eat most of the plant. the flowers kinda taste like a floral potato, and smell AMAZING!!! It grows all around here in midcoast Maine. I've been foraging this for years now and i kinda prefer it over potatoes now. The only reason we don't produce it on a mass scale in America is because it takes two years to grow from start to finish, so its not exactly the easiest plant to cultivate, but I've read that in Korea there are a few farmers growing Apios Americana, and that there is a small market there for it.
Hopniss sounds like the new ligma
@@allseeingguy5485hopniss dong
@@allseeingguy5485😂😂
What do you grow it from? A shoot? One of the "nuts"?
Very informative thank you
I know botany and taxonomy aren't your favorite, so I just wanted to throw in that these aren't entirely unrelated to peanuts. I knew as soon as I saw those flowers they were fabaceous so I looked it up, both Apios americana and Arachis hypogaea (peanuts) are in the family Fabaceae and subfamily Faboideae. I personally find the relationships between plants fascinating and would love if you included more of that info.
Thanks to Metaflora I've learned of the Inverse-Repeat-Lacking clade and 50kb inversion clade... bean botany is wacky!
As soon as I saw the flower, I immediately thought of pea flowers or bean flowers (also in Fabaceae)
But the edible part of one is the seed and the other is the tuber, so still pretty unrelated from other perspectives.
By that logic, then beans a d wisteria and kudzu are also just as related. A family can be insanely diverse to the point that its not really good to compare plants off of just qualities within the family. Rather than genus.
Dandelions are related to sunflowers by being of the family asteraceae yet have completely different growth patterns and life cycles. Even their seeds are different. Its just not good to make connections based off of family rather than genus.
"aren't entirely unrelated to"
I love this plant, but I've never eaten it. I can't justify digging up the roots of a plant I don't see often, but I'll definitely eat the flowers when I see them next year. The "nuts" (nodules) are the legume's site of nitrogen fixation by it's symbiotic bacteria- hence their protein content (all amino acids contain nitrogen, and amino acids make proteins/enzymes). Legumes literally grab the right soil bacterium with a root hair, then punch a hole into their own root cell, and put it inside to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form- a nodule forms. Legumes even make their own form of hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, to keep free oxygen levels low enough* for the symbionts to do their work in the nodules- and the plant feeds them. This is what I studied in grad school, in general.
edit:* in this case scavenging free oxygen, instead of supplying it
Super excited to see you reviewing apios! Even up here in Ontario zone 5b, I've been able to find apios americana growing in the wild. Interestingly, because this plant was propagated widely by indigenous americans, the plants I've found growing up here are most definitely remnants of their plantings. Our season this far north is too short for apios to make its true seed, so as I understand it, the plant has mutated to become sterile, and only propagates by its spreading underground tubers. We still get its stunning flowers but soon after blooming they wither and the pods never form. I believe apios was integral to the process of managing forests by fire as it was/is the first plant to rebound (with extreme vigour due to all the nutrient rich ash). All the specimens I've found grow alongside cattails and jewelweed in the muck soil beside lakes. I listen to a podcast "Propaganda by the seed" and recall a very informative episode about apios that I'd recommend checking out if you're interested!
how cool!!!!
I'm pretty sure the plants that don't produce seeds are a triploid population, whereas the ones that do produce seeds are diploid
I've had seeds develop and maybe ripen in Minnesota, so I don't think the length of the growing season is the problem. The flowers have sometimes dropped off without developing into pods though, perhaps because they weren't pollinated.
They grow here in Nova Scotia, in isolated areas, mostly along rivers that were used as portage roots by the Mi'Kmaq people who planted them as travel food. Great to see you describe such a rare plant. I haven't had a chance to try them yet myself.
Portage "roots" is a fun freudian slip, since we're talking about eating the tubers. Routes*
A quick research says these are also known as a "potato bean," and that they ranged from Canada to Florida, but only as far west as Colorado.
Fun fact: Sag Harbor on Long Island N.Y. is short for Sagaponack which means in the language of Montaukett first nation tribe "place where groundnuts grow". Montauk is short for Montaukett. My family is all originally from the South Fork L.I. Sagapon means "ground nut" aka hopniss.
Very cool, I'm always interested in learning about foods native to America.
Thank you! I ordered a pound of these on Etsy after learning about them on several RUclips sources. I did a taste test and found I really liked them. Louisiana was doing a research project to see if these could be developed as a new crop but interest petered out. My tubers died after I transplanted them but I will try growing them again. It was such an important resource to the Cherokee people that a clan is named for it.
There are some Asian species in this genus too. I believe it was a traditional tuber in Okinawa. Not as common anymore, and not as productive as A. americana.
Price's groundnut (A. priceana) is another American native. It tends to grow slowly and produce single large tubers.
That might be A. fortunei, not sure.
Semi related to Jicama and Peanuts. Same family. Its also important to remember that legumes have been around for awhile. Some ground nuts exist in different countries - some other genera are similar. Vigna and Phaseolus are closely related - but still diverged at some point a long time ago.
I've got a small pot of these growing next to some of my grape vines. They like to ramble a bit over the nearby plants. Reminds me that I probably should up-pot them if I ever want to try the tubers 🙂
So they do grow in NM!
Your shirt today is just DIVINE
😂 beat me to it
I've grown Apios before down here in the South. Some people are allergic to them, and voles destroy them. They taste pretty good.
Really nice flowers as well.
I've had issues with mole crickets eating the tubers but for the most part I haven't seen many pests go after them.
@@AwesomeFish12 The voles sound here eat anything. I've had a lot of plants destroyed that I wouldn't have considered at-risk.
Wow, teaching us history through your fascination with edible plants!
Also, living for the Divine t-shirt!
The Pilgrims and the Wampanoag probably did not eat turkey at the so-called “first Thanksgiving.” In their writings, they say they had fish and venison, but they don’t mention turkey. They probably had some form of maize (corn), and they may have had pumpkins or squashes.
Food history deep dives like this is something I can get behind, great episode!
"goes down into the earth like.... beads..."
Occasionally since childhood I have eaten a few bites of raw potato and never had any stomach issues. In fact I recently threw some in a salad and was surprised at how well it complimented the whole thing.
I regularly eat like half a potatoe raw while i prep them no issues.
I think as long as their not green, they’re not deadly
I ate a TON of raw white potatoes as a kid-my family didn't buy chips and stuff.
Raw sweet potato is good too, in fact it’s my preferred way to eat them
I too had eaten raw potatoes without getting sick, I think the issue is when they go green they become poisonous, but when they are just white, they are fine cooked or raw, so I am sure that raw potatoes is not gonna kill you, NOW, eating too many might cause SOME issues, but one or even half of one likely isn't enough to be toxic, now when they start getting green stuff in it, that's when the toxicity gets a bit more potent and you likely should just cook it to be sure it's safe, as cooking them seems to remove the toxin. Not to mention, if it gets poisonous when it starts getting a bit green, then chances are, the toxins are still there, just not as concentrated until it starts sprouting a load of eyes, then you get a lot of the green discoloration around the eyes, thus it would be best to cook the toxins out of it, I had seen a bit of green on chips and I had eaten them and they were just fine, so yeah, green potatoes are edible ONCE you cook them, but eat them raw? not even once, raw white potatoes are a lot safer since they have less of the toxic compounds that makes you sick, just don't eat too many of them or too often or you might get digestive issues for eating that much raw potatos.
Very cool. I've always wondered about these. The natives ate these during the King Phillip War in New England when they were on the run. I always assumed they were just describing peanuts.
Peanuts were from Brazil and so much better in the South. I suspect they would be hard (& unfamiliar to the Natives) in New England.
But can you stick em in a stew? Lovely big golden chips with a nice piece of fried fish.
Even you couldn't say no to that.
😂😂
Sounds awesome! I’ll bet they are hearty plants to grow too! It’s a shame they are under utilized these days, much like amaranth which could easily be a staple food here.
The tribe sounds so kind, those early Americans were very lucky
Interestingly, the first Native American the pilgrims met (Samoset) greeted them in English, saying "Welcome, Englishmen" and asked if they have any beer.
The Plymouth Colony was the first permanent* English colony in New England.
Samoset had learned English from fishermen who came to fish off Monhegan Island and he knew most of the ship captains by name.
Yeah, until…
@@MrSparkula Sigh. Yeah.
@@forevertjtake a chill pill. The rest of the native Americans practiced POW and women spoils graping. Castration was their form of punishment against rival tribes along with beheading. Most were not nice people
@@rickrollrizal2747 Take a chill pill from simply sighing? Ok.
Ahhh, I've seen these before. They aren't very common here and looking at their range, I am right at the northeastern edge of it. Definitely going to take note the next time I find some and cook some up. Great video as always.
Today I learned 57 passengers of the Mayflower never died. I assume that means they are hanging around New England somewhere.
I’ve encountered it just once on a riverbank near waterfalls one time. A dreamy setting for dreamy flowers!
I just planted some for the first time. I am looking forward to a possible harvest next year.
I had been reading about groundnut since 1970. I found a patch one Summer in the early 70's along a small brook, but. when I went back I couldn't find it. I had been following a research project out of Louisiana and he offering seeds. I grew a strain, but my heavy clay and shaley soil made it hard to harvest. They tasted great, if cooked correctly. leftover weren't as good. A few years later I found a wild patch iat the edge of my neighbors lawn near his septic field. I checked The Cayuga Flora and the valley I live in the groundnut was found to be abundant. It apparently doesn't appear int he archeological record because it breaks down readily. However, they may have missed the seeds in their studies.
Fascinating. From the other commenters I've learned a lot. Beautiful flower.
Happy turkey day, I hope yours is great! This one is really interesting, I somehow didn't know a damn thing about it. Research time!
Awesome that you did a video on it. I have been growing this for years. Great plant!
So excited to see this pop up today :) Entertaining as ever and I always learn new things when I watch these videos! Also, nice shirt!
Glad you enjoyed it!
It would be awesome to see an American groundnut collab with the @tastinghistory channel. I love learning about overlooked indigenous North American edible plants and first nations stories.
Love your content. Very good and unknown information. Keep up the good work
Thank You...Happy Thanksgiving.
When the first people came over from Europe, it was to settle in St. Augustine. That was in 1561. Long before the Mayflower. But, we are not taught that in our schools. Everyone celebrates Thanksgiving based on something that happened roughly 50 years after the first Europeans landed, in Florida. I love facts!
The USA (& Canada) is an offset of British colonialism, and therefore focuses on British history. The Norse predated even the Spaniards, but didn't stick around.
Admittedly even among the Brits, Jamestown preceded Plymouth, but Thanksgiving was codified as a national holiday (rather than a local thing, as it had been) during the "War of Northern Aggression" (American Civil War, as it is known outside the South) and yanks don't like to acknowledge the primacy of southern areas.
Awesome video! Thanks for teaching us about this ;)
You bet!
Neat, never heard of this before! Plant is really pretty too. Not too many things grow around here in NH but it looks like these can no problem. Might see if I can get some of them growing on my family's property!
This feels like a tasting history episode with the small history lesson in the middle
great episode! A little history and rare edible plant that was integral to this country!
Growing some on my allotment (in the Netherlands), but haven't tried them yet. The smell of the flowers is incredibly strong, not a bad smell, but so strong that I can't keep weeding around the plants without feeling a bit sick. Hard to imagine eating those flowers. Thanks for the video, will give the different parts of the plants a taste!
Love your shirt. Divine is a legend
I grew up in MA, and have lived in New England almost my whole life, and I did not know about these before this video. Thanks for the lead! Might try growing some
It seems like I have seen this plant growing in my area before. To the forest!
Great idea for a seasonal video! Thanks.
You are so welcome!
I'd absolutely love to try this!! Especially fried!!
0:13 Says it and shows the flower and i am like "nope". It's a legume. It's a peanut🤗
They grow in my neighborhood and I've tried growing them in my garden but either squirrels or rabbits seem to get them. I need to just harvest some of the wild ones and cook them.
Happy Thanksgiving Jared!
Same to you!
I knew it was in the pea family, Fabaceae, as soon as I saw the flowers. You need to do a collab with Crime Pays but Botany Doesn't!
I love Crime Pays but Botany Doesnt
He could be Joey’s twin brother, but more polite 😂
I learned about these from _Stalking the Wild Asparagus_ - you should give it a read :)
O my gosh yes, E. Gibbons’ books are classics, he did 3 I think on foraging, one on marine food, I have them somewhere…🌾
Happy Thanksgiving from New Jersey.
Thanks so much
@@WeirdExplorer no problem
Dope shirt dude
Great video 👍😁
Glad you enjoyed it
England also had harvest festivals.Local churches would decorate with stuff that would look like Thanksgiving to us.Their festival was late September to October,coinciding with the last crops before winter.The flowers to this plant resemble the Snail Vine which is an ornamental plant I have seen pictures of,probably relatives since the Snail Vine is from Tropical America while the Groundnut is native to North America
Doesn't that still happen in like a million villages in England? I remember it being strongly tied in with Christianity some how. The display wreaths of wheat and church candles and various produce from supermarkets predominated by tins of tinned vegetables or things people found in the back of the cupboard.
Harvest or Thanksgiving festivals in England had a religious aspect to them because thanking God for a good harvest and (therefore having enough food to last through until the next harvest) was important. There are even special hymns for harvest and thankgiving in the Hymns ancient and modern.
The ones I grow are a fair bit sweeter than a potato. I grow the seedless variety that never flowers. I wonder whether it is the variety that makes them sweet or the growing situation.
The shape of them with the stalk reminds me of that seaweed that at floats with the nuts being the round airsacks of the seaweed!😂👍
Loving the Pink Flamingoes shirt 🤟
I recommend leaving them attached to the rhizomes (strings) when boiling as they can then be pulled from the tubers after they are soft. This way more of the fibers that connect the tubers to the rhizomes can be removed.
That was cool. Definitely a food I've never heard of before
thanks!
Nice presentation
Love the Divine shirt, my good Judy.
Loving the Pink Flamingos/Divine shirt 👀
Americans dont nearly eat enough food that originates from our continent, most of our pallette is derived from europe
Calorically speaking, most of it comes from the Americas and East Asia (rice). The issue is we have fewer options. Most food was either not domesticated, or was lost when plagues and genocide swept the continent. Thankfully there's been efforts to change that though.
Except we eat a ton of corn.
@@johnnyearp52 And two tons of corn sugar.
@@Ithirahad Yes, I was including that!
I love that shirt. Real Maryland culture lol
0:27 The upper tuber looks like a chicken carcass, especially one of those industrial farm chickens, with the breasts bred to be so large, the chickens can't even walk anymore without falling over forward.
Very interesting ❤
fascinating
Great shirt btw !
Great video! Great!
Thanks!
weird, yet cool. they sound good fried for sure 😋
why are you so underrated my dude
Excellent
Thank you! Cheers!
Current Wampanoag people refute that claim about the first Thanksgiving. They say that it started as a harvest/prayer festival being held by the English settlers. The settlers fired off celebratory rounds as part of the festivities, which alarmed the local Wampanoag; they thought they might be under attack, and sent some warriors to investigate the gunfire. When the misunderstanding was cleared up, the Wampanoag joined in and brought additional food, including hunting some game for the occasion. This account also conforms with the (admittedly sparse) firsthand diary account by Edward Winslow, among the Pilgrims.
That all to say, the "first Thanksgiving" had nothing to do with indigenous harvest festivals, nor did the English intend to invite the Wampanoag.
You're definitely deep-diving when you describe potato flavor as complex.
Love that Divine tee!
awesome shirt dude cultured af
Very interesting flower.....
amazing shirt btw :D
Happy Thanksgiving
Happy holidays!
Neat!
Oh, you started wearing your glasses again!
You looked so tired without them. I have the same look without mine. lol
I just got lasik last week so pretty soon I'll be looking tired all the time 😄
Happy thanksgiving broham.
For those growing them you also have to make a choice between diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) types. Triploid one make bigger tubers, but the tradeoff is that, unlike the diploid ones, they are sterile and will NOT make seeds. If you are just planning to reproduce from tubers, no problem but for breeding, you may have some issues.
Just thought I'd mention that American groundnut and peanuts are related, both in the Fabacea family (beans, peas, pulses). Although they both develop underground, peanuts are actually a fruit that develops from a filament that forms from the fertilized flower that grows down and buries itself in the ground
That shirt is Devine.
Yeah, as soon as I saw them boiled i thought how they look like jackfruit or durian seeds.
I got these from a local gardener who had a bunch of unusual plants here in Minnesota years ago. They send out runners (which have the tubers as swellings on them, like beads on a string) and pop up around one area of the garden. It's dry soil, so they don't grow all that well and cover the other plants with their vines. I keep pulling up a few strings of tubers and then not eating them because they're so small and bumpy. Gotta try eating then properly next year! Maybe frying would make them taste interesting to me. I think I have had them produce some beans as well a few times, and they tasted okay, though I wasn't sure they were okay to eat, so thought they might make me sick. Maybe the leaves are worth trying. The flowers smell like some kind of daffodil, maybe paperwhite narcissus.
On the topic of North American fruit and vegetables, you should try common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) sometime. I've eaten the tender stem tips, very young pods, and immature seeds from somewhat older pods, avoiding the latex, which is white and sticky and stinky. Some people say it has to be cooked, but I've had no problem eating it straight after picking. I ate the seeds almost every day last summer and liked them the best because they were very tender and juicy.
Off topic BUT the SHIRT 🥰
Happy Thanksgiving 🍽️😊
Same to you!
I love your shirt
I ❤ your Divine shirt.
love that divine shirt
That is an interesting looking flower... It looks kinda like a...like
😄 you may enjoy this one on the butterfly blue pea flower ruclips.net/video/EkLJxM5rkiU/видео.htmlsi=AyjZTt5PfmBWY5sA
Dig the shirt!
another similar plant is the nutsedge...same idea with the tubers but it's more like a grass.
Looks good have you tried bull rush root yet
What is that 😂 looks good honestly, reminds me of water chestnut!
Different flavor/texture. More like potatoes. Jicama resembles a less sweet water chestnut, but the closest facsimile is probably a d*mn Asian pear: crunchy, sweet, flavorless.