Why Ethiopia is Creating a New Country Next Door
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- Опубликовано: 10 фев 2024
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So, Ethiopia isn't creating a new country, they're just recognizing an effectively autonomous area.
yeah this video is terrible at explaining stuff
An effective autonomous area that recently lost like 1/3 of its territory to rebels in Sool & Sanaag?
@@charlesgale4257if you think that then your really bad at understanding stuff.
Somaliland doesn’t control 1/3 of what it claims it’s currently in civil war. It shelled its 4th largest city for 8 months. Said city is now controlled by Somalia. You clearly don’t know what your talking about
Autonomous region that’s all it is. Still a part of Somalia stop trying to divide us
Somaliland is a great demonstration of the issues with Westphalian sovereignity. The seperatists are more country-like than the country they're trying to split from, yet the international community can't recognize them over the dying sovereign nation.
As we speak SCC-Khatumo and Puntland are conducting offensives against Somaliland and are winning. As we speak Al-Shabab is being pushed back out of areas our parents would have thought would never be re-taken.
The mistakes of the 90s will be corrected- Somalia will be whole again.
I have seen many people make similar claims, you can be the 1st to provide citation @@Mohamed_amin120
@@Mohamed_amin120Unifying Somaliland and Somalia, is like having a dying garden yourself, yet instead of caring for your own already big garden, you want to destroy yours more and destroy your neighbour's garden whose fragile garden is just having a few flowers and a good humble future prospect harvest.
@@houseplant1016 sure that’s the same argument Russia is using in Ukraine the us in using in Syria, still doesn’t make it legal
@@houseplant1016North Western Somalia holds some of our largest cities, so why are we called weird for wanting it back?
Taiwan does actually recognize Somaliland now: apart from the de-facto embassy, our ministry of foreign affairs also lists it as a country in a country list.
Taiwan is not a UN member because of the One China policy: the Peoples Republic of China government considers itself the rightful government of both mainland China and Taiwan.
Thus Taiwan isnt a country and alongisde that Somaliland isnt a country
@@QUACKQUACK200 Taiwan and Somaliland function as countries and are more democratic than the alternate governements that claim their territories. There is no such thing as "is a country", each country has its own opinion on whether to recognise another country or not. Kosovo is recognised by just over 50% of UN members but is unlikely to join the UN as that could provoke Serbia to invade it. Palestine and Israel are both recognised by quite a bit more than 50% of UN members, but Israel is a full member state while Palestine is only an observer state. Most countries recognise the Peoples Republic of China over Taiwan, but Bhutan recognises neither. The point of my comment was merely to point out that Taiwan's recognition of Somaliland is not relevant here (though it is understandable because both Taiwan and Somalia are both stuck in a similar situation.) The video says that Somaliland is not recognised by "any UN member" and that Ethiopia will be the first UN member to recognise it.
Taiwan+ Somaliland= Trans😂😂
Thank you But Ethiopia Ethiopia is setting itself up for other countries like Egypt to recognize regions in Ethiopia as independent There’s a reason African Union against this as almost all countries have restless regions in there borders Ethiopia is just exploiting such a situation to start more and more indepedence movements across africa because if somaliland Gains indepedence why cant they thus destabilizing the African continent@@londonalicante
As an Ethiopian, I want to say this
*THE 1.5$ BILLION A YEAR WE PAY IS NEARLY TWICE OUR ENTIRE DEFENSE BUDGET, ALL THIS FOR A LOW QUALITY AND HIGHLY REGULATED PORT WE PAY FOR*
Should we pay for our stability first or to Djibouti! Thank you for your attention 🇪🇹
Everythings Low Quality.
And Ethiopia had lost Eritrea a Couple Decades Prior so its somewhat worthwhile
Does Ethiopia spend less than 1 billion dollars on defense? I thought that being in such a hostile environment (tensions with Egypt, terrorism and coups d'état everywhere) defense was a priority in your country.
@@ailtonjose3079 4 things to say about this
first, our economy and government revenue is small, so we can't afford and it's very unpopular to use our money to kill each other.
Second, everything here is cheap, and we're buying cheap equipments from countries like turkey, and we use old Soviet weapons and fix them by ourselves, so 800 million does enough
Third (and most importantly), we don't spend alot of money, we spend alot of human lives, forests, mines, freedoms, welfare, heritages, nationalism, development, everything but money.
Fourth, Ethiopia is a very significant country in Africa and the developing world, so anything we do can make it to headlines, so some people just exaggerate everything we do, plus we do very bold things like not fearing Egypt or Trump's threats, and being the first to (almost) recognize somaliland
The African Union needs some free waters or rail to port treaty for rivers and rail directly accessing the sea without tariffs or customs checks between each country once it only goes to the ports. Europe made this arrangement post WW2 for our landlocked countries before we had the customs union. Ports still cost a lot of money to run, so a lot of what you pay goes to expenses and paying off the cost of building it in the first place.
American here. I'm on your guys side. Free somaliland.
To put it in context, Ethiopia spends annually the equivalent of 4X the government budget of Somaliland in 2023 ($420 mil), on port fees alone!
But somaliland is only 4 million and ethopia is 100+ million😂
CAP.
the Somaliland budget dnt came from Ethiopia 270m are Int. Aid gave to Somalia while other 130m r lolac income.
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
Ethiopia spends about $2.5 billion on Djibouti port.
@@ET3453 so Ethiopia would be trading one big sized dilemma for a mid-sized problem. That's a win in anybody's book.
One thing polymatter didn’t elaborate on is the fact that Somalia tried to commit a genecide on somaliland(known as the forgotten genecide) which killed upto 200k people which is one of the reason Somaliland is seeking recognition
As someone who is from Somaliland too, we shouldn't use this as a reason for independence. The current leaders of Somalia now aren't the same as before, so that argument will fall flat. Current prez is Hawiye and they suffered too under Barre. Its better to use the disfunction of Somalia as a reason.
😂😂😂 what the hell are you making up
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
Somaliland committed a genocide against the Dhulbahante clans in the eastern region of its claimed territory, murdering babies, women, families, men and destroying the city’s critical infrastructure such as the water supply facility (funded by the Somali diaspora and worth millions), schools, hospitals, mosques and most importantly homes. All of this because we decided to claim independence from Somaliland and rejoin Somalia. The UK was supplying them with military equipment to conduct this violent criminal act.
no it didnt it you liar was somalia that commited genocide on somaliland specifically the isaaq tribe@@shukriiii
Somaliland is not anew country .
Somaliland was a UK protectorate that became the 17th African country to be granted full independence on June 26, 1960, but within days it was annexed by Somalia.
However, after years of occupation marked by persecution and genocide, Somaliland reclaimed its sovereignty on May 18, 1991 based on its original boundaries at the time of independence.
Yes true
somaliland is not a country u mean
it was not annexed into somalia, it united with italian somaliLAND to become somalia
Somaliland is not a country if it is why is Ethiopia making an independent deal or recognising deal? you do not do that with a real country, but it did exist before the 1960 but not today sorry✋
The problem is that in the deal, they couldn’t. Change their mind.
It's not that Ethiopia is creating a new country. In fact it's not the first to play with the idea of recognising Somaliland. During Farmajoo and Uhuru's presidencies, Kenya toyed with this idea to get back at Somalia for going back on their word regarding our maritime borders. As long as Somalia continues with its irredentism, the idea of Greater Somalia, Somaliland is always going to be an asset to its neighbours.
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
Going back at their word? It was Kenya that tried to pull a fast one on Somalia's maritime borders. Somalia hasn't been irredendist since 1977, only Ethiopia and to a lesser extent Kenya are
@@divinechariot5542 The Somali parliament agreed to have the maritime border run parallel to the longitude. But Farmajoo's government played politics, due to the oncoming elections, accusing Kenya of taking advantage of it when it was weak. The whole thing was political and Kenya decided it wouldn't play Somali politics and that's why Kenya did what it did
@@GodfreyNjau But that is exactly it. Kenya tried to take advantage of Somalia's weakness and that is why they lost. Next time, I hope Kenya will play nice with Somalia, especially since both nations are in the EAC.
THAT IS JUST YOUR WISH BUT YOU KNOW VERY WELL THAT THEY DID NOT SUPPORTED YOU TAKING OUR OCEAN AND BOTH KENYA AND ETHIOPIA HAS OUR LAND AND PEOPLE AND ONE DAY I PROMISE YOU THE RIGHT TIME WHEN SOMALIA STANDS ON IT FEET GREATER SOMALIA WILL HAPPEN AND NO ONE WILL STOP US IF NOT TAKEN REFERRUNDOM STILL WE WILL TAKE IT BY FORCE WE DO NOT BELIEVE THE BORDERS MADE FORCEFULLY BY OUR COLONISERS AND WE NEVER BACKED DOWN OR LOOKED DOWN AND HAVE NEVER BEEN ENSLAVED OR COLONISED LIKE OTHER AFRICANS
As a Sudanese although it’s a tiny mistake the capital is wrong in the thumbnail, Sudan’s capital is Khartoum not Omdurman but it’s understandable since they’re twin cities
As a SUGONDEEZ no one cares
@@noterrormanagementshut up don’t be disrespectful
how are the Arab or African? = BECAUSE YOUR COUNTRY will have to make a decision soon. doesnt it? 💅🏾
Bruh isn’t your country in civil war
@@Myanmartiger921 Does that really change anything? The capital is still the same.
I was born in Czechoslovakia, but it quickly changed, because the Slovaks said they want their own country, the Czechs did not see any reason to prevent them from leaving, and as a result, Czechia and Slovakia were formed. We live very happily as neigbors and good friends ever since.
Not even close to the same thing
@@shafsteryellow It is the same thing. IDK why you Somalians keep rejecting reality.
You admitted your self, you called Czechia and Slovakia, two separate people. In contrast we called Somali and we live in Somalia, and share language, religion, culture and ethnicity. We won’t allow a small minority to dismember our country.
You comparing Apples to oranges!
@@mayowomarr5123 Somalia has never been united in all of its history until 1960. Historically people of the North were never "together" with the south. Just look at the Adal sultanate borders compared to Ajuraan. Biggest mistake Somaliland ever made was giving up its sovereignty and joining Somalia.
Saying "all Somalis should be together" is the equivalent of saying Saudi Arabia should rule the whole gulf just because everyone an Arab.
Nobody fucking likes each other in Somalia and the country has barely developed in 3 fucking decades! It's better if we all go our separate ways instead of forcing this stupid union.
but czechia didnt forcefully subjugate slovakia did they? Thats why somalia doesnt want to let somaliland go. Its not a positive relationship
I heard Ethiopia recently had an internal crisis, but didn't hear about 600000 casualties within 2 years! One of world's forgotten wars! 😥
And Ethiopia still going through a civil war like the current War in Amhara and the OLA insurgency.
Stop calling the west and mostly Caucasian countries "the world" your media just doesn't care to show you
It’s a famous war and it was 16 years not 2 (between 1974 and 1991) … the tigray war was 2 years and per ethiopian official it was 80 000 death (most are sur-mortality statistics (horrible for sure but not direct-violence related deaths) … for information it was 8000 soldiers (bolt side combined) for the death for this was (5600 for the rebelle and 3074 for the central government))
@@drjacob2276 yep
@@abdel-qudus1143 still sad
2 months ago, Reallifelore made the video on the fragile potential instability between Eritrea and Ethiopia, citing the same singular issue. Now PolyMatter does one in the same region centered on Ethiopia again. How different and quickly things change on a single phrase "on Jan 1, Ethiopia signed..." at 13:38 ,which was within those 2 months.
Eritrea is not a problem for Ethiopia. They will bend the knee.
Russia will bend the knee. Ethiopian monks hand raise that pup; Russia is going to bark when Ethiopia command it.
1/2 of India is related to them; they will bend the knee
Sri Lanka will bend the knee
Nepal will bend the knee
🇪🇹Ethiopia is old power seat. and their influence is far and deep ---->🦁 this symbol should tell you how far that lion roar goes.
"Ethos"
= its a broken record in Earth History. they play the same power scheme over and over. until a new power forms and sit them down.
-----------------> today Ethiopia is that large because they INVADED and conquered all the surrounding Kingdoms = because they knew the white-man was coming to Africa. and those groups insulate the "ethos" of power.
Ethiopia is like OMNI-MAN very old, powerful and high key knows Earth's future already. impossible to destroy
I be watching these RUclipsrs not realizing or caring if it's RLL or poly matter 💀. Wendover used to be in that group too but the voice is too distinct.
@@bipo4715 background music
It's pure nonsense ethiopia is in a 5 way civil war.
Somaliland has lost more than 1/3 of its territory to two new federal states that flank it on each side..
Not to mention this is just a power grab by two deeply unpopular leaders Abiy ahmed who's conducting genocide against Amhara people and Muse bihi who's postponed elections to force through this MOU which ethiopia have already backed out of.
Let's gooo , never thought i'd see a vid on Somaliland on this channel lmao. I've gone back a few times and yall would be surprised, it's fairly safe all things considered with a bustling real estate industry. When i visited in 2020, I was surprised to see white people there 🤣 (germans and norwegians) who all worked for construction , housing or other companies. Somaliland is definitely one to watch in Africa.
Huh
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
Calan la’aan
THE MEDIA KEEP ON SAYING MOST DANGEROUS WOST STATE BUT DID NOT KNOW WE HAD SOME PARTS OF SOMALIA THAT WAS ONE OF THE MOST PEACEFUL AND SELF SUFFICIENT REAGONS
@@raashidiinabdullahi5583Somaliland is not part of somalia sense 1991 so stop lying and tell the somalians to get a live and leave Somaliland alone in peace ✌🏿
The opposition to recognizing Somaliland by other members of the AU and UN in general doesn't arise from concern about the unrest this would create in Somalia. It arises from concern that allowing new countries to be formed and recognized would lead to an outbreak of separatist movement all across the world. And an outbreak of separatists movements invites meddling by foreign powers. The world is a messy anarchy with what constitutes a country is just a bunch of historical accidents.
also ironic since all of these african countries only exist by breaking away from others - with no regard as to how this new country makes sense internally
@@thetaomega7816 I don't think that word "ironic" means what you think it does.
Yup. The EU for example had to deal with Catolonia so it doesn't want to create a precedent
_"...what constitutes a country is just a bunch of historical accidents."_
Ryan Mcmaken talks about this all the time.
I was reading about Somaliland and Puntland on Wikipedia a few months ago and was confused why Somaliland especially wasn’t its own country. Thank you for diving into the why!
Somaliland is clan based rebel group and part of somali civil war( ongoing ). It’s impossible world to regonize a tribe 30 years and going.( in fact several subclan refused the idea and now seceded the somaliland it self😂)
And why would it be its own country ? Because they print fake paper currency and un recognised passports ? Because they can’t even control 50% of the land they claim is part of their country ?
@@abcd-fs7zf you guys are so pathetic, all over the comments crying as if it's going to change something
@@zuesadam7143He isn't crying, he is telling the truth.
@@zuesadam7143You will never be an independant country. You can keep crying. We've already took back SSC and Awdal is loading. You will be 1/3 of your size soon.
This is one of the consequences of the post WW freezing of borders. Peoples with different cultures and ideas get locked in the same country and can't go off to do their own thing unless that country allows them to secede. Even if the separatist region is better off that way, the international community won't recognize it for fear of legitimizing separatists in it's own country.
Diversity is a strength though
Just like Catalonia. No one had the balls to back them, since they fear true self-determination.
@@sniedendepoesSo can unity be. Unity that preserves diversity is the ideal.
That applies to Ethiopia not somalua
@@sniedendepoes No. Diversity on its own is... just kind of there. It can mean synergy (positive) or conflict (negative) depending on what's really going on outside of the nice-sounding slogan.. Synergy and the ability to compensate for others' weaknesses is a strength... discord and conflict between incompatible elements is a weakness and the energy, time, and resources spent trying to force things to work is even more of a weakness.
As a Kenyan, it's embarassing to come to learn about my neighbour from an American. Anyway, here we go.
It's pure nonsense ethiopia is in a 5 way civil war.
Somaliland has lost more than 1/3 of its territory to two new federal states that flank it on each side..
Not to mention this is just a power grab by two deeply unpopular leaders Abiy ahmed who's conducting genocide against Amhara people and Muse bihi who's postponed elections to force through this MOU which ethiopia have already backed out of
Awdal and SSC khatumo are two regions that have seceded from the Somali federal state of Somaliland to become full federal states themselves.
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
stop spreading lies and propaganda just because somalia is envious @@skp8748
Kenya has always been disconnected to the Horn of Africa so you can’t be blamed
@@Izzy_B241Kenya is way to far from the horn its tribes never went that far, so what do u mean cut off, Ethiopia has been self governing for 3000 years in its way so that can’t be possible
I think Somaliland will do what i has been doing and somehow make it work in this crazy situation. The fact they've build a apparently functional place in this mess of an area makes me confident they'll keep going for a while.
The problem is that without international recognition, what they've built is fragile. Russia invades Ukraine, a recognized nation, and Russia gets internationally blacklisted and bogged down in a forever-war... Somalia invades Somaliland, what happens? Probably nothing much except a few stern words in a meaningless international forum. Granted, I doubt Somalia actually *could* invade Somaliland, but you get my point. Doesn't necessarily have to be Somalia doing the bullying, but they're the most motivated culprit.
@@bearlytamedmodels Somalia relies on their autonomous region puntland to fight Somaliland. Somalia does not have the strategic ability to project their military thousand kilometres away into somaliland . Also there is the arms embargo on Somalia so their actions are rather limited to counter insurgency (Alshabaab) patrols outside of Mogadishu. Furthermore, the self determination of the Somali government is curtailed by the pressures from Türkiye and UAE who entrenched themselves so they can exploit the country.
@@alqaas1948 As I said, I doubt Somalia *could* actually invade. So it's likely a moot point - although with Puntland and Khatumo incursions, it may not be.
Somaliland literally few months ago killed thousands that didnt want to be a part of somaliland
@@alqaas1948Somalia totally does have the power to project force into Somaliland. Just recently they prevented Ethiopians from landing in Hargeisa meaning they control the airspace. The arms embargo was also just lifted just a few months ago. That combined with further cooperation with Turkey and Somaliland will stand little chance against Somalia in a war, especially since the state lost to a couple or clan militias last year.
As an Ethiopian, I was super thrilled when Ethiopia was in the title, although Ethiopia wasn't the main subject 😂. Thank you so much, from a fan of this channel ♥
sponsored by : 🇪🇹 pure greed $$$$
why do you need a massive navy? you have the money to build bullet trains; and buy all the airplanes for inter-continent trade 🚚📦
the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement was designed only to make the EAF and Ethiopia swim in cash; and why are logistics might and military might are built side by side in equal strength ?🤔 ........ we are going to get 🤴🏾pushy Pharaohs again
We Cameroonians love Ethiopia 🇨🇲❤️🇪🇹
@@JesusisGod.. 🇨🇲 ♥ 🇪🇹
@@Omer1996E.C Ethiopia has massive potential and I love that it's flexing its muscles here.
Hope it prospers.
@@andrewrogers3067empty hopes while somali 🇸🇴 is peaceful utopia eat it self while Somali 🇸🇴 become powerful to finish 1884 hebesha Berlin declaration of greater Somalia 🇸🇴
The Pretoria peace agreement hasn't suddenly solved all of Ethiopia's problems. Abiy's election meant the Tigrayan minority is no longer in charge, which is what caused the initial civil war. But now with the support of the majority of the population actually in mind of the government in a country where no ethnic group makes up a majority, this has just opemed pandora's box to all of the other erhnic tensions which have gone un dealt with all of this time. At any moment the lingering violence in Amhara or Oromia might erupt into another full-scale civil war, anything the government does has half the country up in arms. Abiy's supporters may argue this is the path necessary to one day reach true long-term peace and prosperity, but if that is the casethere is still a long way to go.
It is weird how most analysts ignore that reality. Ethiopia is acountry that is always straddling the line between total collapse and a cold peace. It has collapsed 2 times in the last 50 years and has had multiple civil conflicts within that same span.
@@kurobeard9467and yet on the face of it the country's economic and population growth would seem to belie that.
@@mikewiltshire9121 They use fake numbers. Almost all cities outside of the capital look terrible compared to it. Only Addis looks world classed. Most of the nation is economically similar to Somalia. They have over 4 million IDPs in Ethiopia. Any economic growth in that country is basically smokes and mirrors.
And it is like that even though Ethipia is the only country in Africa that was never a colony.
@samuela3170 *Ethiopia* was never colonized. That doesn't mean the land which is now Ethiopia wasn't colonized, the ones doing the colonizing just were the Emperors of Ethiopia and kings of Shewa, vassals of the emperor.
"It did all of this on its own."
Almost as though involving overseas governments, financial institutions and NGOs has an overall detrimental effect...
Well yeah those are just con-artists who are out to steal your natural resources
💯 Thanks for pointing this out
Majority of Somaliland’s development came from NGOs and western taxpayers lol. Don’t believe this video there were several lies. He claimed that there were protests on the eastern part of Somaliland. It wasn’t just a protest, it was an all out war waged on innocent civilians by the Somaliland government. Those civilians fought back and somehow defeated the Somaliland government. Amnesty international covered the conflict if you want to read a bit on it
ruclips.net/video/F-_ffPsIcS0/видео.htmlsi=xxMENvOfAJzCppdJ
It really depends. At some point, you need proper banking. They're currently transfering call minutes between their phones as a form of wire transfer because none of the big payment processors operate in the region.
@@__unkown____246 we have never received any budget support from any one .
Somaliland is an independent country and they deserve to decide what their future is and no one should force them to be part of the lawless and pirate nation
I’m from Somaliland and I don’t want independence, one Somalia always and forever you 🦮
I'm from somaliland we want independent we was British protractor we are not somaalia stop lie 🤥
Somaliland deserves to be independent I agree.
as a regular watcher of your every video since 2018 it is great to see Somaliland finally being covered
I hope Somaliland is able to become a shining example to Africa and the World in general as a symbol of hope and self determination
greetings from Brazil 🇧🇷
@@Maraudermarine0 we hope so as well, thank you for the kind words
not a country Part of somalia as a somali i can say it its somali territory
@@QUACKQUACK200Somalia has been a failed state before most modern day Africans were born Somaliland is and will be a newly recognised nation the pirates won’t do anything about it
False The only reason That is due to the fact Africa has a high birth rate Meaning alot of people born after 1991 To be a country you need states to recognize you And No country will Just because ethiopia might doesnt mean the rest of the world will too And very. disrespectful of you to call the somali people pirates@@Selfpaid96
Great video. The only thing you forgot to mention it is that somaliland and Somalia was two separate independent countries before the unification in the 1960’s.
Somalia was a colony as far as I know
No
It's weird how in our current world an entire population can set up and claim to be a nation, even having having all the correct measures and structures in place but recognition from unrelated people is what truly makes you a country
Yes, Westphalian sovereignity is weird. A fun thought experiment is imagining a world where there are zero sovereign countries. You would be unable to form sovereign countries because there are no other sovereign countries that could recognize them.
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
just because you set up a paper factory that prints fake useless currency and passports doesn't make you a countrt.
most importantly, just because you claim vasts territory of more than half you have zero control, to be part of your “country” doesn't mean you have a right to a country. Most ppl in somalia will be more than happy to give this single clan their own countrt, but only the parts that they control and that want to join, which would be like 1/12th of what they claim is part of “somaliland”.
many clans in somaliland support somaliland the samaroon the gabooye the issa the habar awal the habar yoonis the eidagle the habar jeclo the arap the warsangeli the gurgura etc while somalia has not control over its territory its a fake failed state @@alifarah9
@@hammerth1421 I mean you can always get to sovereign nations in a way how it was done the first time. Make a decades long conflict that murders third of world’s population, until everyone is exhausted and unable to continue the conflict. Do the peace treaty that sets up the legal framework. And you are done.
Thanks, very informative
Commenting for the algorithm, excellent Video❤
Always a great video, Thank you
my grandmother and her whole family are from what is now Eritrea. They were plantation owners I think, they were kicked out sometime in the 80s or so I think. They moved to Milan.
Somaliland had got its independence June 26 1960 & Somalia had its independence on July 1st 1960 five days after Somaliland that was under British protectorate and also had a seat in the UN recognized by 30+ countries. Somalia did not have a seat in the UN and was not recognized by any other country and was under UN trusteeship. In 1988 Somalia committed genocide on the Isaaq clan killing over 200 thousand plus civilians. That caused Somaliland to over through the Siad Bere regime in 1991 declaring its independence from Somalia. With that being said, I strongly agree Somaliland deserves its recognition due to its legit democracy.
I love the way he presented his facts and opinions to come to a conclusion 👏
Ethiopia's need for access to a port is EXISTENTIAL, and neighbors need to understand that. It's as existential as the Nile River is to Egypt. Somalia could have prevented this MOU, but they were playing hard to get, so the quick response from Somaliland was a no-brainer❗️
Cooperation over competition ❤
Thank you very much for this excellently made video!
This reminds me of a group of citizens getting tired of dealing with an incompetent local government, banding together and doing everything the government cannot.
That’s quite literally what ignited the separation of somaliland from the union with somalila in 1981 and lead to the genocide of Isaaq in 1987/89. Professionals in the capital of somaliland (hargeisa) were imprisoned in solitary confinement by the Somalia government (for half a decade) because they repairing the neglected city hospital and importing medicine. This outraged the city which caused mass protests by young students and resulted in 30 civilians being killed. Search “uffo somaliland” for more info
I mean more accurately is this group becomes the government
The Somaliland HOA is impressive
Ethiopia is not only twice the size of Portugal, but it's also one of her oldest allies!
Much love!
Ethiopia is about twelve times the size of Portugal.
Love as an American-Ethiopian
@@aziraphaleangel And you mess with her you mess with us, the Ottomans were also numerous times our size where are they now? That's right, they're not.
@@lordcommandernox9197 ottomans are a dynasty, Portugal is a nation, just like Turkey. Turkey is still there, and Portugal, just like Turkey, lost its dynasty.
@@Omer1996E.C We lost nothing BOY, Portuguese is spoken in all 5 continents while Turkish... is not. know your place
Beautiful presentation
Thanks polymatter ❤
8:35 you forgot to mention that Namibia also got independence in 1994 from South Africa
hola gorzux
Summary (an excerpt):
1. Ethiopia allows independence of Eritrea.
2. But unexpectedly becomes landlocked.
3. And doesn't want to work with Eritrea on port access.
4. Instead threatens to make some extra wars or to open an undesirable (from almost all Africa's perspective) pandora's box by recognising Somaliland.
Makes perfect sense.
nothing is that simple, you're missing years of history that lead to these decisions and the conflicting interests of the ruling party in Ethiopia that gave Eritrea independence vs. the majority in Ethiopia that did not support this decision. summarizing it like this is superficial.
Like, why didn't Ethiopia just keep some of Eritrea's coastland for itself?
@@MedK001 the ruling party that was in charge of Ethiopia during that time got there by violently overthrowing the previous government. They did this with the help of the Eritreans (who were part of Ethiopia at that time) so when they won, the two leaders of Eritrea and Tigray both wanted to be in charge. As a compromise, the latter granted Eritrea independence. Many Ethiopians believe that Tigray intentionally left Ethiopia land locked because they were hoping to extract as much money out of the country during their time in office (this was confirmed) and then grant themselves independence like they did with Eritrea and then grab one of Eritrea's ports for themselves (not through war but cordially because they were partners in crime). What they didn't foresee was the border disagreements between them that soured their relationship and forced Tigray to stick it out with Ethiopia.
@@MedK0011) the Ethiopian government fell apart so they had no leverage 2) the border was based on historical borders set by Italy and the Ethiopian Empire
Kinda weird to say unexpectedly landlocked Ethiopia has been fighting over ports for a long time.
Great video, bravo
It is an already established independent country. It all needs is recognition
Intresting developments
My favourite channel covering my country I’m so proud 🙏🏾🙏🏾🙏🏾🤣🤣 really appreciate the video bro keep up the brilliant work
This was GOOOD !!
Well said ✍🏾
International law doesn’t say a country requires anyone‘s recognition.
Anything with a people, a territory and effective control of that territory (the so-called three-element or Montevideo test) is a state under international law.
Recognition (even in the form of UN membership) isn’t a legal criterion but a political one.
Switzerland joined the UN in 1991. The Vatican isn’t a member, despite being indisputably a state.
Being recognized prevents anyone from invading you duo to sanctions being placed. Since SL is de jure a part of Somalia they'll have a hell of a time trying to stave off Somalia since they won't get any support from the world.
@@divinechariot5542 That is a factual and not a legal consideration. It doesn’t affect an entity‘s statehood.
@@pointlesscine Yes SL is de facto independent but legally Somalia can reasert control just like Spain did with Catalonia
@@divinechariot5542 No. Any state under international law (which, see above, is only contingent on fulfilling the three elements of sovereignty) is a beneficiary of the principle of non-intervention and the prohibition of force under Article 2 of the UN Charter.
I know this may seem like a weird conclusion because it is not how the general public thinks international law works, but this is not de facto how sovereignty works, it is de jure („by the law“) how sovereignty works.
Once a territory qualifies as „foreign“ under the three-element test of statehood, taking it by force is a violation of the prohibition of force.
@@pointlesscineIf that is the case then SL doesn't fulfill those requirements because it doesn't have control over a third of its territory. Its eastern side is under the rule of rebels seeking to unite with Somalia. It also lacks control of its airspace as well.
Unless the country in question has a law that allows for a state to secede, it is legal for a country to exert force against a break away state as its de jure part of their country. What the article meant by "state" is in reference to UN member states which SL isn't apart of.
An example to back my point is Georgia, who have been fighting their own seperatists since the 90s and have never been condemned in doing so since Abkhazia and South Ossetia are considered to be part of Georgia by the UN.
I think the only criteria for recognition of nation states should be if the state can provide a higher standard of living than the country its seceding from and also the people have agreed to secede
The last point is more important. Now let's ask people from the regions of Sool, Sanaag, Cain and Awdal if they want to secede. That makes up 65% of the landmass.
Ethiopia needs access to the Sea, and its going to get that, either through Eritrea or Somaliland.
Ethiopia need food from UN LOL 😂😂😂😂
It's because of those ports Ethiopia exists so it's reclaiming what was once Ethiopia's and by any means necessary Ethiopia needs those ports back
Ethiopia needs stability. Ethiopia needs to feed itself. Ethiopia needs peace. Ethiopia doesn't need a port lmao.
@@Gebri3lEthiopians love making up history. Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia were never parts of Ethiopia until the Brits gave portions of them away to Ethiopia. Eritrea was by itself since the collapse of Axum. Djibouti was controlled by the Aussa Sultans (Afar) and Adal Sultans (Somali). You guys need to stop producing fake stories.
@@Gebri3lEthiopia is a landlocked famine ridden state, they should focus on food security and peace more than anything
Somaliland recognition has got more of a legitimate case then South Sudan and Eritrea.
No.
Nope
no not really. Since Eritrea has way more history of being independant kingdom.
@@keshi5541 So does Somaliland! literally the entire history of north Somalia up until 1960 has been seperate from the rest of Somali people. Eritrea actually has a history of being apart of Ethiopian Kingdoms of the past.
@@keshi5541 thats not true Eritrea was inseparable and unrecognizable from Ethiopia before Italian invasion.
Official diplomatic recognition and relations are not purely based on truth, reality, merits or principles, they are heavily influenced, and often times completely dictated by power, politics, money, strategy, and leverage. Anyone who doesn't understand that, or pretends not to, loses all credibility and doesn't deserve to be listened to.
So basically, Somaliland to Somalia = Taiwan to CPC
Are you implying that the video neglects that? It's what the entire thing is about
Yep
Happy Tours Africa is following you from Uganda.
Great videoo
I am once again asking for some annotations on your sources.
Havent heard of this situation before or realized how difficult it was for new countries to be recognized.
wow! what an unbiased and impartial explanation.
Veey well explained!
You know, these RUclipsrs will make videos about just about anything, even stuff they barely understand. A quick online search doesn’t make them experts on complicated issues like the conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia.
What they don't get is the long history Somalia has of overpowering Ethiopia. Our ancestors have been defeating Ethiopians for ages. Last time, Ethiopia only managed because they had help from Russia and Cuba. As a Somali, I actually hope Ethiopia tries to enter Somalia. It would bring all the Somali clans together against them, including those in Somaliland. I really think that if Ethiopia does come, it'll end up uniting all the Somali clans, which could be good for us. We might even get to take control of Somaliland.
What polymatter isn't telling you guys is that the government of Somaliland only controls a third of its "territory". That makes the issue of recognition more complicated.
The other parts of Somaliland are made up of clans who are hard-core unionists. You can look up SSC Khatumo and awdal regions to understand such a complicated region.
Well done
Ethiopias access to the sea is a right
And it should purse it at all cost.
And its in the world interest to ensure they have one.
So they should violate Somali sovereignty to achieve it? You clearly don’t anything about Somalis to expect them to just accept such blatant thievery.
Ethiopia has the right to have access to the sea & Somaliland has a right to be an independent country. While Somalia has bigger problems like managing there country from pirates & there Economy.
@@Modagne23You guys think 🤔 Somali is the weakest link and you want bully your neighbors!!!
@@kingsiddiq4153 Wrong! We are clearly acknowledging the right Somali has if it chooses to be independent. And In this case it chooses to be independent & self governing country.
4:10 "without recognition no loans"
The lesson here is that loans are NOT required. That recognition and international money result in greater corruption and graft.
Leave these people alone. They are doing much better than "recognized" countries.
They do not need recognition.
They need recognition if they want to be taken seriously on the world stage
@@divinechariot5542 international recogniton is not even mentioned in Maslow's pyramid of needs. So no... Not needed.
As somalilander we really do need recognition we would get more developed and somalia will leave us alone as they to this day try to invade us@@ricardokowalski1579
If they want to make sure that Somalia will NEVER be able to try conquering them they need the recognition
@@Protont pffff. If they want to avoid a take over what they need is guns.
Plenty countries had "recognition" and were invaded.
Just ask the poles.
Well Explained!
Ethiopia's initiative in creating a new country next door is a fascinating subject! It highlights the dynamic nature of geopolitics and the continuous evolution of national boundaries and relationships. This kind of development could potentially pave the way for new opportunities in diplomacy, cultural exchange, and economic collaboration. It's always exciting to see how nations navigate such significant changes and what it means for the global community. The possibility of creating new partnerships and fostering a sense of shared progress is truly inspiring! 🌍✨
OAU ( Organization of African Unity) was founded in 1963 which is 40 years before EU was founded. OAU changed its name to AU in 2002. So basically AU is older than EU.
Not true. EU was founded in 1949.
@@petibatyo
8 May 1945 - end of World War II in Europe
The Second World War ends in Europe. The continent is devastated. Millions of people are dead, injured or displaced. Six million Jews have been murdered in the Holocaust.
4 April 1949 - NATO is created
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is established, an intergovernmental security alliance between the United States, Canada and 10 Western European countries. By 2020, NATO has 30 members, including 21 EU countries.
5 May 1949 - The Council of Europe is established
10 Western European countries create the Council of Europe to promote democracy and protect human rights and the rule of law. The European Convention on Human Rights comes into force on 3 September 1953.
- Council of Europe X= European Union
Council of the European Union ('the Council')
The Council of Europe is not part of the EU institutional setup. It is an international organisation based in Strasbourg (France) that protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. In fact the Council of the European Union still exists today side by side with the European Union, if it was a succesor then the council of the european union would be obselete.
9 May 1950 - A plan for new political cooperation in Europe
French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman presents a plan for deeper cooperation. He proposes integrating the coal and steel industries of Western Europe. Later, 9 May is celebrated by the European Union as 'Europe Day'.
18 April 1951 - European Coal and Steel Community
Based on the Schuman plan, six countries sign a treaty to run their coal and steel industries under a common management. In this way, no single country can make the weapons of war to turn against others, as in the past. The six are Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. The European Coal and Steel Community comes into being in 1952.
25 March 1957 - Treaties of Rome
Building on the success of the Coal and Steel Treaty, the 6 founding countries expand their cooperation to other economic sectors. They formalise this by signing two treaties, creating the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). These bodies come into being on 1 January 1958.
AU - African Union
OAU - Organization of African Unity
They are basically the same thing, its just the OAU was replaced because it was deeemed ineffective and was criticized for inaction. The AU is quite literally a successor of the OAU and the body took its place when it requested to be replaced.
@@petibatyo Despite what I said though.
Older doesn't equate to better or more important. Since largely the EU has far more power than the AU not to mention I'd say its more effective of a continental union in my opinion.
The AU has many difficulties it has to face so honestly in that retrospect It does make sense.
@@keshi5541
It's hard to say "I was wrong."
I get why countries don't recognize it as separatism is a problem in a lot of countries and it would open a lot pandora's boxes but a lot of separatist movements only are around because of foreign backing. Somaliland is an exception for sure
the african union had a fact finding mission on somaliland and stated its case is unique and wouldnt open a pandoras box as it was pre existing before the union with the south its backing out from a merger like senegal and gambia also somaliland wasnt a colony but was a protectorate signed treaty ruled by local elders and sultans and somaliland gained independence for 1 week as a sovereign nation before joining the south to form somalia right after sacrificing its sovereignty
Great video 🫡
what you miss is that, Ethiopa is looking for naval base not commercial port. Nobody denies them access to the ports of Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya and Sudan. In these way they can diversify their port needs instead focus only i Djubouti. Shortly through competion they can reduce tke price.
we offer a choice for all our surrounding country's they ignore us. now somaliland take the deal they all pissed off 😂 we will work with somaliland with or with out recognition and as Au founding member state we will push for recognition at EGAD,AU and UN it's only a matter of time they all recognize this country.
Creating???? It has been effectively independent since 1991 and lobbying for recognition... I wrote my MA thesis about it 10 years ago and it was already an established state back then. Come on...
No
@@axmedsayid9508 ;d lol
I am so happy for the people of somaliland and there success. I pray that in the future the Palestinians become just as successful 🙏
Thank you
Thanks Polymatter - another very clear explanation of a critical current issue.
Are you sure that this is Wendover
🤭Thanks@@panafrican.nation
As a Moroccan, I stand in solidarity with the people of Somalia and condemn the political impoliteness displayed by Ethiopia. It is crucial for nations to uphold diplomatic decorum and respect the sovereignty of other nations. The actions of Ethiopia undermine the principles of international cooperation and mutual respect. We must strive for peaceful resolutions and respectful dialogue to address any conflicts or disputes.
Thanks broski
Thanks bro.
Do you know Somaliland was an independent country as Moroco. Read Somaliland history before comment belind.
"its as if its neighbours conspired to deny it access to the sea." Got me laughing 😂😂
Eritrea: We do a bit of trolling
@@Propain4eva the funniest thing about it is that there really isnt a lot in that area. dry, arid desert, nomads and a few villages who couldn't care less who they're governed by
@@glntv5217 They probably care when they get conscripted.
More accurately European colonial powers conquered the coast to keep Ethiopia contained. Remember Ethiopia is the only part of Africa not conquered during the Scrable for Africa. Those conquered parts now have different national identities due to the colonial rule but during Roman times were part of the Ethiopian empire. Ethiopian ships used to trade with India and Roman province of Egypt.
Interesting!
i have been watching polymatter glad to see a video my homeland Somaliland thank yo 👍
13:01 It's not that Ethiopia wants to keep its neighbor Eritrea weak by not making a deal with it, but unfortunately, Ethiopia and Eritrea's relationship is not in a good state. In 2018, both governments attempted to improve their ties and even discussed the possibility of a port. However, the situation deteriorated between the two after the Civil War in Ethiopia, and currently, they are not on speaking terms.
Ethiopia is becoming a source of instability in the region
Real @@aklilukidane1201
Ethiopia is a very stable country in the region. Infact Ethiopia is one of the fastest growing country in the world. Yes there was a civil war but it has been stabilized.
@@Modagne23 So stable that there was a genocide and a militant group resisting the goverment.
@@keshi5541 That is Fake News spread by Liars like yourself. Ethiopia is Growing & Moving forward to stability & prosperity Get use to it.
Denmark do not recognize Taiwan, but we do actually recognize Somaliland.
Amazing. Never heard before
It's codswallop that's why
Somaliland has been largely stable, peaceful and thriving for 33 years now. It only lacks recognition by major powers...
somaliland has been defacto independent for 25 years now. saying Ethiopia is creating a new country is a bit much
Ethiopia's just recognizing it as they're at war with Eritrea they probably aiming to have access to sea ports.
De facto it is a country for long but not officially. International recognition is really a big factor to legitimately claim to be a country
International recognition is the last piece of the puzzle to establish a “real” country that will be taken seriously and thus develop. If influential Ethiopia, a BRICS member and where the AU has its headquarters does this - a dominio effect can take place rapidly that in the end means UN membership and sovreign status for Somaliland. It’s even easier for Somaliland to reach country status (compared to for example Kosovo and Taiwan) because Somalia is a weak and failed state that no major power really cares about, meaning it won’t be controversial to recognize it once the wheels are in motion.
Somaliland isn’t a country. The entire Eastern half of “Somaliland” isn’t even controlled by the Somaliland authorities. The Khatumo region wants to remain as part of Somalia, and they’re strictly unionist 🇸🇴
They’re claiming territories which they don’t control and which the people themselves oppose it. So what argument do they have for independence?
Never mind, East Sool is disputed area and they are rebels and terrorist 😂😂😂😂
Loomaba baahna.
@@HawrarLyrics maxaan loo baahnayd?
no even an eastern quarter hahahhahha crazy lying machines
@@au2262 orada oo dadka soo dhaca 🤣
Make a video about Western Sahara too 👀 It is very interesting and very overlooked and unknown.
Ethiopians and other Africans have made significant efforts to bring peace and stability to Somalia since the 1990s. As a result, the people of Somaliland have successfully established a promising democratic system and state-like structure, which offers great prospects for peaceful coexistence with their neighbors. However, due to their isolation from the international community, they have been unable to cooperate with their neighbors, leading to unnecessary suffering and bloody conflict with Somalia. Therefore, it is high time to recognize Somaliland's independence and grant them the statehood they deserve so that they can fulfill their rightful aspirations.
The people of Somaliland are wise and forward-looking and have gained experience in international diplomacy. They cannot wait any longer for peace and stability to prevail in the rest of Somalia. It is crucial that the international community supports their progress and enables them to achieve social and economic growth. The concession agreement for the lease of a coastline is a step towards regional integration. Ethiopia needs access to the sea to ensure the economic progress of its vast and growing population of over 125 million people, which is essential for stability in the region
I watched Indigo Traveller visit Somaliland years ago. It was the first time I was aware of the situation. I also heard about the Ethiopia news in regards to it. I hope that Somaliland can find its place in the world. Either that or Somaliland should become the legitimate government of Somalia.
If there is a government or a nation that can be formed within it, it is Ethiopia. Why am I saying this? Ethiopians are nations of different ethnicities, languages, cultures and religions.All of them are conquered nations that have been conquered by one ethnic group and have always sought to make each ethnic group their own government.But the issue of Somalia is different and Somalis are one family and share everything language, culture and religion. Somalia will never be divided and Hargeisa is the second capital of Somalia.This is where I was born and where we live. long live Somalia greater Somalia
Fun fact: The Somali flag was designed in Somaliland, and Somaliland is the one who united with the south, despite the lack of desire for this among the southerners.
source?
Fun Fact: Somaliland is first in the world to use iris biometric voting system [Hi-Tech]
Fun fact Somaliland as a country is older than Somalia itself.
British Somaliland got its independence before Italian Somaliland which both merged to create Somalia.
So you’re begging to go back to state created by the colonisers who our ancestors fought against to liberate and unite the Somali people? Unbelievable to call yourself Somali and hark back to British colonial bullshit, are you also happy with the way they gave NFD and Ogaden to our neighbours to maintain their divide and conquer tactics?
Ogaden will soon independence don't forget that
And also tigray
@@Second_Yt-g and somaliland too
No lol stfu
@ThePanEthiopian you wish get back Eriteria
You must’ve forgot who the Lions 🦁 of Africa are 🇸🇴🌍🤲
No somalia is feild state 😅
Somalia is failed pirate state.
This is amazing and informative!. The resilience of the somalilanders is to be emulated by all of us In Africa.
This is perfectly put together backed with historical facts. Well done sir. The fact about Somalis that not many people know is that there was no one unified state or a nation. Somalia is and was never existed before colonial. People often confuse the somali republic to somalia, but they are to different not just a nations but ideas too. Somaliland never joined or singed up to somalia, but was one of the two somali nations agreed to unite to form the somali Republic.
good day when this man posts lol
YOU TOOK INACCURACY TO WHOLE NEW LEVEL, GOOGLE SEARCH EXISTS!
It's a lot like Tibet: When the Qing Dynasty fell, Tibet suddenly reminded everyone they'd actually never been part of China. The British (who controlled neighboring India at the time) decided to agree, and China didn't have much of a government (like Somalia now), so it didn't matter much that they disagreed. However, in 1950, China finally did have a government again, so they reasserted control over Tibet by force, and now India and China have this dispute over whether the border treaty they signed with Tibet is valid.
On the other hand, Somalia and Ethiopia's border dispute has little to do with Somaliland, and it's actually every part of the border BESIDES the Somaliland-Ethiopia border that's usually drawn dashed on maps. (Apparently the UK didn't clearly define the border between British Somaliland and Ethiopia, but I guess the Italians did, maybe because they lost WW2, whereas the British won it, fighting on Ethiopia's side? Another possible issue that Somalia once tried to take over the Somali region of Ethiopia, back when Ethiopia was facing an insurgency against it's unpopular communist "Derg" government, though I don't know if Somalia's dictator was any more popular.)
Ethiopia knows well it cant recognise northern part of Somalia , cause there are other states within Ethiopia that will file for independence from Ethiopia who are ethnically different from the rest of Ethiopia. For exmole tegray or somali region within Ethiopia.
Not to mention other parts of africa that would flow to break from ret of their countries.
NOTE:As of February 2023 the area to the south east of somaliland is no longer in their jurisdiction but it has not
Yet joined somalia as a federal
State . All the remnants of the Somaliland government has been removed . This is due the
minority tribe of the Dul bahante living in the area who
are more affiliated with somalia
mashallah awdal
It can become like Singapore in 20 years if recognised 💪🏾💪🏾💪🏾
No lol
@@axmedsayid9508it’s oke nothing will stop them keep hating on your people. Somaliland will be the proud of Somali people all over the globe.
I'm from Somaliland but we are state of 🇸🇴 we have longest coastline I'm proud that .
Regarding your Segway to the nebula sponsor, I really wanted to mention that like Congo wars before it. I fear that even if the tigray war would have happened at a different time, the Western world would still have barely heard of it.
if the west intervenes it is colonialism, if they dont they are neglecent. cant win in africa so better stay away
5:55 unless its something like Kosovo, then they very much want to have a say in what is and isn't a country.
Tell what has been done to lascanod recently and in 1991 to Borama
😂😂😂
You do know there was an entire peace conference in Borama 1993 that put an end to all of that? Go to Awdal now and see Somaliland flags everywhere. Awdal is nothing like Lasanood which has always been full of skirmishes and war. One of the presidents of Somaliland that ruled for 8 years was from Awdal